We tell about sanitary standards, installation of the drainage system, the process of internal and outer waterproofing the basement.
Waterproofing basement from the inside of groundwater may differ depending on the level of their occurrence. If it is higher than the zero mark of the basement, moisture puts pressure on the foundation. The likelihood of flooding increases, especially in the fall and in the spring during floods. With a deeper occurrence, constant seepage occurs through a layer of reinforced concrete, leading to its destruction. In addition, the climate is spoiled in the room. A mold appears on the surface, and the air acquires an unpleasant smell. Use such a room under the pantry or workshop is undesirable, because things and products can come into disrepair. Protect the walls and the floor of the already built home can only be on the inside. When laying the building, it should be carefully sealing its external part - after the end of construction there will be no such possibility.
All about the waterproofing of the basement
Norms and rulesDrainage system
- In the cellar
- On the street
Preparation of the room
Step-by-step instruction for internal isolation
- Protection of walls
- Folemers
Outdoor work
Sanitary standards and rules
Sealing the base in buildings, which are objects of individual housing construction (Izhs), must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11-85.
- Before starting work, it should be seal, clean and close all the cracks, remove rust, pollution, the influx of the concrete mix.
- To pre-prepare grounds, it is necessary to use primer. In this case, the humidity of the concrete should not exceed 4%. To reduce its level, construction hairdryrs, powerful fans and heaters are used.
- Corners are closed by an additional hermetic layer to prevent leakage at the joints of the blocks. These places are most vulnerable and need more careful processing. Snip recommends using hydroizeol. The required thickness is 2 cm.
On garages, household buildings, as well as country houses, these requirements do not apply. However, these measures help to get rid of leaks and high humidity, regardless of the status of housing and appointment.
Installation of an external and internal drainage system
To dry the floor in the basement and land near the house, launch drainage communications.Laying communications in the cellar
It is made when finishing the floor.
- Along the walls, the trench is a depth of 0.5 m.
- It is placed on her bottom of the crushed stone with a layer of 0.2 cm and tamper it.
- A plastic pipe is installed in the trench, having input to it in the lower part of the floor. It is falling asleep on top of rubble and close the bar. Instead of pipe, it is sometimes used open gutters, closed on top of a grid. Such a system works more efficiently. Pipes and floor surface must have a slope that is necessary.
If the ceilings height allows, the waterproof screed is made on the floor. The pipe or chute is separated from the common space of the formwork. She is given a small bias towards drainage input. Lock the screed should be in the middle so that in the middle is not formed. Pipes can be placed not only around the edges, but also throughout the area, setting inputs in the right places.
In the case when connecting to sewage is not possible, the stock is removed using the pump.
Protection of the external perimeter of the building
Before making waterproofing in the basement, you need to create conditions for laying materials. The base should be dry. With constant flow of adhesion of the inside, the coating will decrease, and it will be squeezed from the surface. To solve the problem, you need to take water from the walls. This will help get rid of leaks and in the case of damage to the insulator.
- Around the building rotate 0.4x0.4 m and combine it with a common trench for drainage, laid on the site or beyond. You need to make a slope of at least 10 degrees so that water flows, without lingering inside.
- After every two meters, observation wells dig. They serve to clean the system. If you increase the distance between them, you will have to dig deeper trenches. The walls of the wells are closed by corrugation.
- Personal plastic pipes wrapped with a layer of geotextile are installed in the pita, and fall asleep with small rubble. On the joints they are connected by crosses. Geotextile is needed to filter flow. Without it, the system will quickly clog. The ground is stacked on top.
Channels can be made open, hiding them under a decorative grid or a solid grid, covered on top of rubble.
Preparation of the room
- The basement waterproofing from the inside will be effective only after removing moisture, dirt and rust. When flooding, you will need a pump or a simple pump for the well. He is best to do in the summer when the floods are run out, and the autumn rains still do not have time to flush the soil. Even after thorough drying, dampness will quickly penetrate into cracks, which will lead to the detachment of the protective coating. If there is heating in the base, it is possible to spend it in winter.
- The room is ventilated. Ventilation channels are cleaned of garbage and internal layers. A mesh with small cells that do not skip the branches and dry leaves are mounted on the inlet openings. This is done also in order to get rodents not covered inside. It is possible that the complete replacement of the ventilation system to more efficiently will be required. Works can be performed independently. In the cottage with a complex tube system to calculate the necessary parameters and the design of the project, the engineering organization will be required. Make it with your own hands can only specialist.
- The surface is cleared, the cracks are expanded and filled with tiled glue or a mixture of sand and cement. To finally get rid of mold, the base is treated with antibacterial solution. Used hawed lime or special antiseptics and sanitizing primers for brick and reinforced concrete.
Internal waterproofing of ground floors
There are several ways to protect against dampness and sublopulations. Their choice depends on the properties of the soil and its humidity. If the walls remain dry even during floods and protracted rains, you can only be limited to the floor protection. In all other cases, the vertical planes will also be closed.Depending on how moisture affects the construction of the building, located underground, use two types of obstacles.
Types of protection
- Anti-Pillar - protects against dampness penetrating through the pores of brick or reinforced concrete.
- Non-free - designed to resist floods and heavy rains.
Coverage for walls
Its main task is to close the cracks, especially in the corners and places of docking blocks. For this, several ways are used.
- Rolled and applied materials are usually used bitumen mastic and rubberoid.
- Waterproofing plaster - their composition should include an elastic polymer, closing pores.
- Membranes are polymeric films, impenetrable outside, but transmitting couples from within. The thickness of several millimeters allows you to use them for double-sided protection of the insulation.
- Injection formulations are entered into emptiness through the mouthpiece as glue or mounting foam.
- Penetrating mixtures - impregnate the surface and frozen, creating a barrier to spread dampness.
- Liquid rubber - consists of bitumen.
- Ribbon products are an adhesive tape from bitumen or butyl rubber for seaming seams.
Laying rolled materials
They are glued to the flashes on the heated bituminous mastic. The jokes are fused using soldering dumps. This is one of the easiest and most reliable methods, but it should not be used at a strong pressure of groundwater - the coating can be detached. It is usually used as additional protection for walls and gender.
Rolled products serve not only for waterproofing cellar from the inside from groundwater. They are often involved in external work.
Work with penetrating compositions
They include sand, cement and chemical additives that increase plasticity. They are able to impregnate the surface, penetrating inside by 5 mm. After applying, cement is grasped, forming an impenetrable shell.
The mixture is fireproof. It does not highlight toxic compounds and is allowed to use even in residential premises.
There are binary systems. Components are applied alternately in two stages. Then they react together, forming a solid hermetic gel compound.
The solution is placed with a roller or brush. Before starting work, remove dust from the pore of the wet rag and dry them with a construction hairdryer.
Material is applied in 2-3 layers. Each subsequent stacked after drying the previous one.
Binary systems exceed penetrating solutions in efficiency several times. They create a stronger and plastic connection. It is first applied with liquid glass, and after five hours of calcium chloride. Then the base is again covered by the first component.
Liquid glass is often used without calcium chloride. It crystallizes when frozen and strengthens the porous structure, making it impermeable to moisture. Glass is suitable for decorative finishing finish. It is transparent and little noticeable on the background.
Laying profiled membranes
They are a rubber film and PVC with a thickness of about 2 mm. The film has a sticky bitumen layer on the back. For the cold cellars, the membrane EPDM is suitable.Rubber and plastic serves longer rubberoid. They differ from it ease and do not create loads on concrete. They can be attached even on a wet wall. The membranes in this case are attached to the dowel. The main difference from traditional rolled products is higher efficiency.
Horizontal and vertical canvases are joined with a small adhesive. Outside, they are closed with geotextiles.
Application of injecting compositions
Several species allocate.
- Cement - increase the mechanical strength of the base.
- Epoxy - they close separate cracks during leakage.
- Polyurethane and methyl acrylate are expanding inside the holes, penetrating deep into.
They are distinguished by strengthening cracks, increasing the reliability of carrier structures. Plastic gel mass is introduced inside the base through the holes done in it. Injections are manufactured using special devices. Head facilities do not do here.
Liquid Bituminous Rubber
Suitable for any reason - horizontal and vertical. Forms a layer of 2 mm. Before waterproof the basement from groundwater from the inside using this tool, you need to get acquainted with the instructions. Application technology from different manufacturers may differ.For pre-processing, special primers are used that increase the clutch with the material. Liquid rubber is pressed into the pores and cracks, then dried. The screed or plaster is styled.
Work with moisture-resistant plaster
They serve only for rough finishes.
- Cement and sandy - differ little from ordinary. They include bitumen additives, liquid glass, other components that increase tightness and moisture resistance. You can prepare them alone from the cement of the M400 or M500 brand and quartz sand. On 1 kg of cement, 2 or 3 kg of sand will be required. The surface passes steam, which allows the walls and ceiling "breathe". The compositions are also sold in the finished form. They are characterized by high strength, good adhesion.
- Asphalt - rarely used for private houses, since professional equipment is needed to apply.
Floor protection
As a rule, two methods apply.- Reinforced tie from the cement-sand mixture. Its effectiveness increases in the presence of polymer additives that increase elasticity and closing pores.
- Bitumen and rubberoid, as well as their modern analogues - Linocur and others.
Waterproofing basement outside groundwater
Outdoor protection works more efficiently than internal. In addition, it allows you to protect underground structures from pressure that has groundwater on them. The inner coating is not able to cope with this task as well.
Works are carried out at the construction stage. When the house is built, it will be extremely difficult to get to its outer underground parts. For this, there will have to dig trenches around the perimeter of the building before it is founded.
Typically, rolled floor materials are used, for example, only or runner. To increase adhesion, the material is cleaned and ground. Ruberoid is placed on the molten bitumen fills all empties.
Polyethylene film is suitable. With a high level of groundwater and strong pressure, it is better to lay it in three layers. With low, it will be enough to miss the basis of the bituminous polymer mastic.
To increase the service life of the foundation and supporting structures of the basement, they conduct their external heat insulation. It is necessary so that the moisture inside the brick or concrete does not freeze in winter and did not expand, destroying the pore walls. It should be closed with waterproof materials on both sides - otherwise moisture will be seamless from the soil and from the wall side.
