Current, automatic shutdown, closure protection and other criteria that need to be considered when choosing.
Protection against electricians and fires largely depends on the operation of devices that are in timely disconnecting the current supply. On how to choose these devices to choose, tell us in the article.
1 UDO for different groups of electrical networks
All automatic switches are used to disable the line during overload or short circuit. In the simplest security variant, one circuit breaker is used, which is responsible for dealerring the entire domestic network. But this option is suitable except for a very small garden house. For a cottage in which there is a variety of business equipment, it is recommended to divide consumers into several groups. This may be, for example, three groups: lighting, sockets and power devices; In a separate group, sometimes there is a street network (including a garage and workshop).
Three-pole switches Easy9 (Schneider Electric)
Four-pole switches Easy9 (Schneider Electric)
Single Poolent Eaton HPOLE HOME Series Switch
2 Tok power
Each group is powered by its subnet, which is supplied with its automatic switch taking into account current in the circuit. How to find out the current strength in the chain? To find out the current strength consumed the load capacity is divided into the voltage of the electrical network (220 V). If, for example, the total power of all devices is 1 kW, then the current in such a network will be approximately 5 A. The nominal circuit breaker must be equal to either a step of the obtained value. In practice, for example, for the lighting system, wiring and equipment, calculated for the current current of 10 A, are used for sockets - 16 A, for power equipment - 25 A, respectively, the automata must be calculated on currents 10, 16 and 25 A.
3 Automatic shutdown
What is a time-current characteristic? This parameter characterizes the speed of the device to the current, the value of which exceeds the nominal value. In everyday life, automatic switches of types B, C and D, differing time-current characteristic. Type B circuit breakers react to the current exceeding the nominal value of 3-5 times, the type C is 5-10 times, and the type D is 10-15 times. Types B and C are most often used, however, for networks to which powerful electric motors are connected, it is better to buy a D. circuit breaker.
Alexander Bespalov, Eaton Product Manager
You can distinguish a high-quality circuit breaker for a number of features. Pay attention to the quality of the housing and weight of the product - the front panel must be monolithic, fitting the parts is dense, and the device itself is not too easy (compared to the analogues). A small weight may mean that the manufacturer saved on materials and details. At high-quality AV clamps for cable and other current-carrying parts are made of copper, which allows the device to warm up less (and overheat). Such devices have more options, for example, equipped with protective cables of cable clips and have a color indicator of the contact position.
4 Camping Protection
In addition to circuit breakers, the holder of the cottage will require differential current switches (also known as protective shutdown devices, controlled by differential current, or UZO), whose task is to protect against ground closure. The UDO protects people from electric shock when touched to a bare wire or a metal hardware case, which caused under the operating voltage due to the malfunction. Circuit currents on the Earth are quite large quantities can lead to fires, that is, the RCD is also preventing fire.
Sub-quality switch: 1 - extinguishing grille (9 plates); 2 - steel clamp; 3 - no protective curtains; 4 - exhaust camera
Quality switch: 1 - protective curtains; 2 - copper clamp; 3 - extinguishing grille (13 plates); 4 - extinguishing chamber; 5 - silver attack
The RCO must necessarily be equipped with networks where the likelihood of electric shock is large due to damage to the insulation of electrical installations or wiring. These are bathrooms and all wet rooms, as well as a street network. Select the UZO depending on the leakage current (measured in milliamperes - MA), the smaller the value, the higher the sensitivity of the device. In everyday life, UDOs usually use the leakage current 10, 30 and 100 mA. The most sensitive (10 or 30 mA) are installed on the chains where the maximum protection is required, for example in the bathrooms. Less sensitive UzOs (100 mA) are installed in chains, where there are powerful (2-3 kW and more) electric motors and similar devices: when they are turned on, sensitive UzOs will turn falsely. In the shield, the general UzO is installed after the electrospheker to the set of automatic maintenance circuit breakers of individual circuit circuits that will protect the RCM from damage during short circuit. The UzO must be installed only in conjunction with automatic switches. Alternatively, you can use the circuit breakers of the differential current (AVDT, or diffanttomates), which combine the functions of the RCD and conventional automata.
In reliable equipment, more expensive materials are used - for example, a silver attack on contact.
Easy9 series Uzo Four-Poly (Schneider Electric)
Av and Uzo Legrand assembly on the shield
Uzo Hager bipolar at 40 A
UDO VD1-63 IEK HOME bipolar at 40 A, sensitivity 30 mA
5 Disconnectivity
This is the greatest short circuit current that is capable of disable av. You can find automata with a disconnecting ability of 3,000, 4,500, 6000 and 10,000 A. The higher the value, the higher the reliability, durability and cost of the device. The characteristic is indicated on the device housing (numbers in a rectangular frame).