Fasali na fuska tare da kayan ado na wurare daban-daban: tubalin sanduna, bulo, katako, mai rufi da filasikya da busasta-mai rufi plasterboard
Dilliract dutse na ado na iya yin ado da saman kowane bango na waje da ciki: yashi-kankare, bulo, mai rufi da rufin filasik. Nasarar da alama, idan irin wannan an samar da irin wannan aikin ta hanyar aikin gidan, kuma a yayin aiwatar da aiki, ana kiyaye ka'idodin fasaha sosai.
Wanene Wanene?
Decative na ado na dutse, wani lokacin ana kiransa wucin gadi, a bayyane yake da kayan dutse: santsi da tafki, sawn wando da pebbles. Koyaya, dutsen yana da asalinsu. Babban kayan aikinta ciminti ne (a matsayin boye), yashi, masu fasali, perlite, pumice ko gauraya sa) da pidanments. Wani lokacin don inganta kaddarorin dutsen, ana gabatar da filastik a cikin abun da ke ciki, ƙari masu ari. Daga cikin sanannun kamfanonin Rasha - masana'antun wannan kayan za a iya kiran White Hills, Kammack, Chelsea dutse, "cikakken dutse". Farashin 1M- 750-1400rub.
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Daga ƙarami zuwa babba
Nauyin dutsen ya dogara da girmansa da kayan rubutu. Ana tsammanin haske yana ɗauka yana ɗaukar nauyin kilogiram 20 / m; Ya haɗa da shahararrun tubalin tubalin, adadin abubuwan da basu dace da taro na tubalin gaske ba. Duwatsu masu nauyin 20-52 kg / m suna cikin matsakaicin ma'aunin nauyi, fiye da 52kg / m zuwa mai tsanani. Bugu da ƙari a kansu, bango na gidan ya yi tsayayya da nauyin Fitty, manne da grout. Idan matsakaicin amfani da manne da grouts ta 1m 3-5kg, to ko da kusan cewa "nauyin" ", kuma wannan shi ne da yawa.
Wani muhimmin sigogi wanda ke buƙatar la'akari da shi shine rabo daga taro da murabba'i na abubuwa daban daban. Sabunta tubalin yana da kyau sosai. Ba shi da damar da ake amfani da su a kan kowane saman, ciki har da mafaka gkl, mai rufi tare da rufi, ado tare da zane-zane kuma ba a yi nufin da yawa ba. Abubuwan saukarwa na manyan abubuwa na duwatsu guda ɗaya na 1 DM na iya yin nauyi 7kg. Zabi wani irin na gama, bari mu faɗi, don fadin gidan ƙasa, kuna buƙatar tabbata nauyinta zai dawwama ba kawai ƙirar ba kawai ba kawai na bangarori ba, har ma da tushe. Yi hukunci da kanka: Don gidan sikelin da sauri daga sandwich na sandwich (100KG / M), factade mai zurfi ba zai haifar da wasu matsaloli ba. Idan masu ba zato ba tsammani (ba a mataki na ƙirƙirar aiki ko gini ba, kuma a matakin kammalawa) (70kg / M), nauyin ginin zai ƙaru da sau 1.5-2. Shin wannan ya halatta a kan kafuwar wuta? Ya kamata a amsa masanin gine-gine don irin wannan tambayar, amma ba masana'anta ko dutse ba.
Kammalawa, kamar yadda alama, a bayyane yake: Nau'in da nauyin gidan kada a hango kan matakin ƙira, lokacin da aka lasafta harsashin ginin da bango an lasafta.
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Ana fuskantar dutsen ado na ado da katako (a, b), a ɗora bangon wulakanta. "Dutse" gauraye da aka haɗa da sanduna masu dafaffen ƙarfe, ya yi wa baka baƙin ƙarfe da baranda.
Shinge mai ƙarfi yana ba da haɗin kai na ƙasa don tabbatar da amincinsa. Shinge, da aka yi layi tare da dutse na ado, ya dace da kowane wuri ƙasa, rataye da waƙoƙin "dutse" ba tare da hargitsa da fara'a na duniya ba.
A, C - White Hills
B - Archakint A. Emerakova, Hoto V. NEFEVA
Manne ko plastering?
Yawancin kamfanoni waɗanda kwararru waɗanda ƙwararru waɗanda ƙwararrun dutse na ado, yi amfani da babban ka'idodi na kwanciya, amma a lokaci guda sun daidaita da su ga kansu. A takaice dai, "tsarin Masonry" ya bambanta a hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da shi, sigogi, kurakurai na siffar da girma dabam na bango.
Mahimmanci mai sauƙi: domin an gyara dutse mai tsayi, da manne abun da ke da hankali ya kamata ya sami isasshen ƙarfi ga gindin. Bugu da kari, an tilasta masa hidima tsakanin bango da dutse (da a matsayin mulki, suna da karfin fadada wurare daban-daban) a canjin zafin rana. Bayan duk, farkon faruwar bango, musamman ma a rana, yana mai zafi zuwa ° 15 ° C, da sanyi har zuwa -5 da dare. A lokaci guda, tushe ba shi da dumama sosai sosai kamar dutse, sabili da haka, kwancen da aka yi da shi yana faɗaɗa ƙarfi. Idan ka yi amfani da wannan yanayin "ba daidai ba, manne-tsaren abun ciki, masu fasa ba makawa zasu bayyana a fuskoki, kuma duwatsun zasu fado a kan lokaci.
Don haka, zabar man shafawa na dutse na ado, yana da mahimmanci don yin la'akari da kaddarorin tushe. Koyaya, wajibi ne a kiyaye cewa jakar (25 kilogiram) na m cakuda filayen farashi 290-390 rlestes, kuma don tubile (tuni 450-550 rubles. Farashi na kwararru da ke rubuce-rubuce masu ƙarfi tare da mawuyacin ƙarfi (1.2-1.4 MPa) ya kai 600-700 rubles. Ta hanyar hanyarsu, suna da tabbaci a haɗe da kowane bango, farashinsu zai yi yawa.
So in ceci? Da fatan za a sami hanyoyi da yawa. Mafi sauki shine gabatar da rawar jiki kuma a lokaci guda don daidaita saman bango da na bakin ciki (5-10mm) na cakuda cakuda, kuma anyi amfani da babban manne dimokiradiyya a saman shi. Af, busassun m abubuwan da ke ba da masana'antun masana'antun na ado fuskokin dutse suna da tasirin dutse na 0.8-1mp kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, plastered ne don shirye-shiryen da aka shirya.
Don saman tare da ƙarancin m zuwa mafita-yashi, ana yin amfani da monolithic: da farko an yi amfani da Grid, da farko, dutsen da ke haɗe Grid, da farko. A wannan yanayin, jimlar kudin da ake ci gaba kuma aikin da aka yi zai zama kusan 400 rubles. Na 1m. Koyaya, a kan siffofin rayuwar nau'ikan nau'ikan tushe yana da mahimmanci dakatar da cikakken bayani.
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Kafin hawa dutsen na ado, raga na karfe na galvanized an haɗe shi zuwa bangon bulo (a). Dole a fara maganin maconry tare da abubuwan angular, sannan kuma yi ado bango (b).
Don sanin cikakken damar abubuwan kayan aikin rubutu da kuma aiki na iya aiki na dutse, dole ne ka sami ilimi na musamman kuma ka cika wasu ka'idojin shigarwa. Saboda haka, fuskantar fuska da wannan kayan ya kamata a ba shi amintaccen ba ga bazuwar mutane, amma ƙwararrun masu sana'a suna ƙwararrun a cikin kwanciya. Za su iya cika aikin kowane irin rikitarwa a cikin mafi guntu lokacin (C, d).
A, B - Photo V. Kovaleva
C - "cikakken dutse"
D - Kamrock
Kankare da kayan sa
Me yasa ba shi da abun da ba'a so shi ga manne da dutse kai tsaye zuwa monolithic kankare, kumfa na tushe? Bayan haka, suna kama da juna santsi. Da alama, ɗauka kuma saka shi ba tare da wani kauda ... Matsalar kawai kuma tana da santsi a sarari, wanda da wuya wuce m abunadawar. Don ƙara yawan kayan adon waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya amfani da Firayim na musamman: Ceresit 19 (Henkel, Jamus), "Betis)," Betis), "Betisont T-55" ("mafi kyau", duka - Russia), duka - Russia), duka - Russia). Amma har yanzu ya fi aminci don amfani da ingantacciyar hanya: don haɗa galvanized ko carciro (filastik) tare da taimakon bindiga mai gina jiki, kuma bayan ta bushe, ci gaba da Shigarwa na dutse.
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Ado dutse datsa (White Hills): na farko hašawa da karfe plaster raga (a) a dowel ƙusa (b) cikin ƙasa area (B). Sannan farfajiya tare da Grid an rufe shi da karamin Layer na filastar filastar (g) ya tafi har sai ya bushe. An saka dutse mai wucin gadi a kan filastar da aka taurare, bincika Masonry mai santsi ta amfani da matakin ginin (e). Idan ya cancanta, "Dutse" abubuwa a yanka micser machine don sukan girman da ake so (e). A seams hatimi tare da kayan gaji na musamman, suna matse shi da taimakon bindiga (g)
Brick - Case na bakin ciki
A tubalin tubalin, akasin haka, suna sha sosai. Ana iya yin glued da dutse na ado na kowane nauyi ba tare da m. Bangon ya fara rufe bangon da ya dace, misali Ceriest 17 (henkel), "diiscon)," diiscon), "diiscon)," in ji diers), kuma yi amfani da manne na musamman: Ceresit) , "Starplits T-11" ("Bases"), "Mights" (Kneuf, Russia). A rufe farfajiya, ana amfani da maganin m a gindin, kuma a kan dutse. Kudin zai zama kananan ƙananan aiki, lokacin da kammala barbecue, tushe, gutsuttsukan bango. A lokacin da fuskantar facade na ginin, ma'aikata ba za su iya yiwuwa shafa shafawa sosai rubue a cikin farfajiya na kowane kashi ɗaya ba. Guda iri ɗaya na tsarin tsada a farfajiya wanda ba a san shi ba zai karu da alama, kuma ya wajaba. Sabili da haka, ya cancanci yin amfani da amfani da hanyar da aka ambata a sama.A Tsohon tubali na Molded Orickwork ko akan ganuwar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tubalin, da kuma akan saman monolith-kankare, wajibi ne don amfani da grid. An kama tubalin da aka kama ta hanyar Downel-ƙusa Dowel, zuwa Slit-Musamman Dowels (nau'in "malam buɗe ido") ko anchors. Abu na gaba, Yiwa gwargwadon tsarin sanannun dabaru. Hakanan, suna zuwa da bangon bulo da aka bi da su tare da hydrophobzits ko kuma hanyar daga tsayi (suna da wuya manne a kansu).
Garuwar bango
Cin gidajen ƙasa daga kayan gini da yawa, gami da tsarin garkuwa da katako, sau da yawa suna amfani da rufin waje na waje daga faranti na cokali na polystyrene kumfa, Mutane da yawa na iya shakkar cewa sako-sako da ba m farfajiya na irin wannan ganuwar na iya zama dutse na ado. Koyaya, an dade da irin wannan fasaha ta bunkasa kuma an gwada shi a aikace.
Bayan farantin rufi na rufi suna glued zuwa bango, suna daɗaɗɗa da yawa ko anchors dangane da nau'in tushe. Sai aka yi amfani da raga na harsashi kuma nan da nan an rufe shi da m abun da ke ciki ta hanyar rufi don haka ya kasance a tsakiyar Layer. Bayan haka, an haɗa grid ɗin ta hanyar downels zuwa gindin, wato, an magance ta biyu. Aikinsa baya gyara kayan insasing na zafi, amma kuma ya zama babban goyon baya ga fuka. Rashin balaga kan rufi, an kafa dents, kuma ana lekensu da m tsarin dutse. A wani shiri don haka, dutse mai kyau na kowane irin, daga mafi sauki ga mafi wuya. Bayan an sanya wani nau'in fuska zuwa cikin aikin, kawai za ku zabi rufi na yawancin abubuwan da suka dace, da kuma tsarin manne ne mai kyau, kazalika da manne.
Tabbas, subtlties da nuances lokacin aiki a cikin rufi, ya zama dole don yin la'akari da yawa, da ƙofofin, gidajen rufin, na waje da na ciki kusurwoyinsa .D. Amma ba shi da ma'ana don bayyana su. Dole ne a yi musu alama cikin sharuddan aiki ko wasu takardun aikin, da kuma Bangaran takarar da finafinan ya ci gaba da shi.
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Katangar katako: hanya ce ta musamman
Mafi wuya ga "dutse" shine kafuwar itace, galibi ana kiranta "kayan". Saboda haka, bango da yanki na 10m tare da zazzabi da zafi sauke iya canza girman layi har zuwa 10 cm. Bã ya tsaɗe kõwane irin wannan cigaban, kuma ba kowane jarumi ba zai ɗauki irin wannan aikin.Akwai wata hanya, kuma ba ɗaya ba. Kuna iya dumama gidan daga mashaya a waje, kuma rufin shi ne don katse dutse. Irin wannan tsarin yana ba ku damar ɗaukar matakan haɓaka bishiyar bishiyar, amma dole ne a ƙididdige shi daidai, dole ne kamfanoni daidai, dole ne ta zama dole face ta kasance da lalata. Yawancin lokaci ana yinsu a kan sasanninta, a ƙarƙashin windows ɗin da ke ciki, wato, inda ba a san su ba.
Ra'ayi na kwararre
Bayan kwanciya a ƙarshe tuki, mai da aka yi daga dutsen na ado shine kyawawa don a bi da shi tare da tsarin hydrophobic na musamman. Yana siffanta membrane na roba-permeable a farfajiyar sa, wanda ya karɓi ruwa, yana kare abu daga tasirin yanayin waje. Abu ne mai sauƙin kula da irin wannan gama, saboda yana da sauƙin tsabtace daga turɓayar ƙura da datti. Wuraren WTEM, inda za'a fallasa dutse mai tsayi zuwa zazzabi akai-akai da kafofin watsa labarai mai haɗari ga ruwa, sarrafa hydrophophIzer ne. Ana amfani dashi a cikin yadudduka biyu na rigar rigar. A farfajiya na dutsen yana samun kaddarorin amfani bayan kwanaki 2-3. "Aiki" yana da kusan shekaru 5-7, bayan da aka maimaita hanyar.
Denis Panov, Shugaba na White Hills
Akwai wani zaɓi. Dutsen bangon na waje na ƙirar gidan yana kama da tsarin facade: don haɗi jagorar ƙarfe biyu na CSP, daga ƙarshe, ɗaure dutsen. A irin wannan hanya, ƙananan sassan ganuwar galibi ana yin su kai tsaye zuwa CSP, tunda waɗannan farantin suna da kyakkyawar masarautar ciminti.
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Stan na ado na ado suna shirya ganuwar waje da ciki, wuraren wuta da chimneys, sararin samaniya wanda ba ya wuce 70 s (a, b).
Architect A. BUzyskyky
Photo n. Seebryakova
Ana amfani da dutsen da ke bakin ciki da dutse wanda ake amfani dashi don kammala cikin ciki. Shigina Abubuwa na Musamman ba ya haifar da matsaloli na musamman, da rayuwar wannan har kusan ba a iyakantawa ba (c).
Architect A. Grishin
Hoto R. Shelomena
Me A ciki?
A cikin wuraren gabatarwa, gama galibi dole ne mu magance bangon bango da kuma plasterboard rabo. Babu matsaloli ta musamman da ƙirjin dutse. Za mu kula da wani mutum daya kawai, wanda ke buƙatar la'akari da shi lokacin da aka tsara bango don kammalawa tare da abu mai nauyi (fiye da 52kg / m). Takaitaccen matakin ƙarfe na Jagororin Karfe don Ruwa-60sm. A karkashin mawuyacin kumfa an shigar da su sau da yawa fiye da 30cm. Ba a gyara fareɗa ba, amma yadudduka biyu na danshi-mai tsayayya da glk. Adadin tsarin tsarin: suna harba wani grid na bakin ciki tare da taimakon mai aikin gini da baka, wanke shi da manne da kuma bayan kwana fara kafa bangon da na ado.Ra'ayi na kwararre
Sauya - mataki na ƙarshe na shigarwa na dutse na ado. Yana magance aikin da zai iya aiwatarwa na shinke seams. Ba shi yiwuwa a bar seams a buɗe, ta cikin su danshi zai shiga cikin rufin, kuma tare da hanyoyin lokacin daskarewa da narkewa, lalata masonry. Bugu da kari, tsarin seams yana ba da mafi kyawun bayyanar da kyau. Bai kamata ku cika naman alade ba ta hanyar sauran mafita ta Masonry - yana da m, da wuya ya mamaye gun, kuma a sakamakon kabu ne, ya juya baya. A saboda wannan dalili, manyan manyan masana'antu na musamman da kusan dukkanin masana'antun dutse an yi nufin su. Mafi sauki a cikin kewaya da abubuwan da aka sanya, wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta amfani da bindiga ko na gida "da aka yi daga kunshin, TUBA Ita... A seams tsakanin mutum abubuwa suna cike da rigar taro, jiran minti 30-40, yayin da ya bushe da spatula.
Alexander Seerryev, Babban Fashin Kamfanin Kamrock
Gaba
A cikin Apartment, yanayi na fuskantar saman tare da dutse na ado za a iya ɗauka da kyau: na dindindin, rashin tasirin tasirin waje. Lokacin da facades ne mafi kyau duka, ana la'akari da yanayin yanayin yanayi a cikin kewayon 10-25c. Babu wanda ba a ke so su hau dutse a cikin ruwan sama da madaidaiciya hasken rana, tun da wuce haddi danshi ko saurin bushewa da mafita na Masonry. Mafi kyawun lokacin gama zuwa (musamman don grouting safiya) safe da maraice.
A sararin samaniya zazzabi zuwa -10 c amfani da "hunturu" manne. Gaskiya ne, akwai yanayi guda ɗaya: yayin da maganin Masonry ba ya ragu a ƙasa da ƙimar da aka nuna akan kunshin da kuma ƙarfin halaye zai ragu. Tare da har da ƙananan yanayin zafi, yanki daban yana kewaye da abin da ake kira dumama, tunawa da greenhouse greenhouses, zafi iska a ciki kuma an sanya dutsen. A ƙarshen aikin, ana kiyaye wannan zazzabi don wani kwana 3.
Edita godiya White Hills, Kambro, Dutse Chelsea
Don taimako wajen shirya kayan.