Kafaffen ciki na ciki: kayan don na'urar, shawarwari masu amfani don shigarwa.
Hoto daga D.Minkina
Photo V. Vasilyeva, A. Babaaeva
Photo v.nepledova
Hoto M.Sepanov
Idan kun ƙona sha'awar raba sararin samaniyar ku, an iyakance ta hanyar bangon birane, a kan bangarorin ayyuka daban ko ɗakunan ajiya, ba za ku iya yin ba tare da ginin sassan. Sake farfado na sake, yana da mahimmanci a tunanin wane irin abu kuma daga abin da kayan za a gina su.
Abin takaici, babu bango na mazauninku za'a iya canjawa wuri kuma a saka shi a kowane wuri, inda kake so. Wannan saboda tsarin shinge na shinge, wanda ya danganta da benaye da ubic da uba da sauran abubuwan ginin. An ɗaukaka bangon a cikin aikin ginin kuma yana yin aikin tallafi don jigilar jigilar jigilar kaya. Don haka ba shi yiwuwa a rushe su da kanku ko yin su ba tare da izini na musamman na ƙungiyar aikin ba, kuma ba lafiya. An tsara ɓangaren ɓangaren musamman don memba na Zauren a lokaci kuma a lokaci guda, don zafi da kuma rufin sautunan rabuwa. Irin wannan tsarin za a iya sa a cikin gida wanda aka riga aka shirya gida kusan ko'ina, da kuma daidaita su tare da MVK, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya haifar da matsaloli.
A cikin manufa, bangare dole ne ya samar da abin da ya fi dacewa da jin dadi, in ya yiwu, yana da sauƙin samun wasu kayan kwalliya kuma tsayayya da samun wasu kauri: Sheves, kabad, wuraren fashewa, da sauransu). Bugu da kari, sun wajaba don haduwa da tsabta da tsabta da kuma bukatun kariyar wuta. Misali, an gina shi ne daga kayan manne tsabtace muhalli (wanda ya dace da amfani da wuraren zama) kuma ya sami damar tsayayya da bude wuta. A karshen dattara yana da matukar muhimmanci saboda abin da ya faru na wuta, bangare mai tsayayya da wutar lantarki zai iya "harshen wuta, ba tare da barin ya bazu ba. Wannan lokacin ba kasa da mintina 15 ba, ya kamata ya isa kawai don isa lissafin wuta.
Don gina sashi, ana amfani da yafi gas da kumfa na kumfa, yumbu ko siliki tubalin, tubalan gilashi da kuma shingaye gilashi. Dangane da hanyar gini, wanda, a zahiri, an ƙaddara shi da nau'in kayan da aka yi amfani, daga ɓangarorin ƙananan (slab da toshe-tubalin, dutse ko gilashi tubalan) da firam. Baya ga yadda Mobile, waɗannan hanyoyin, waɗannan tsare suna sa su canza sararin ciki na wuraren zama, sun kasu kashi a tsaye, masu rikicewa da canji. Ba a amfani da kayan ciki (gyarawa) a matsayin gidajen da aka yi amfani da su a tsakani. Game da su kuma za a tattauna.
A matsayin kayan ƙananan jeri na ganuwar da ba tare da kai ba, ana amfani dashi, a matsayin mai mulkin, tubalan kwarjinin salula ko bulo. Partitions daga gilashin gilashi suna da mashahuri sosai, wannan babbar hanya ce zuwa wuraren zama kuma a lokaci guda ado da ciki.
Amma kada ku yi hanzarin kawo wadancan kayan aikin akan "shafin gini", inda kuka tara don sanya bangare. Ka tuna cewa ba zai yiwu ba a tsallake nauyin nauyinku: Hanya da izini a kan ingantaccen ginin wurin zama, wanda ya mamaye kilomita 3 (300 kg / m2), a cikin matsananci harka, 6 KPA (600 kg / m2). Baya da addida, ban da kashi, har yanzu za a dage farawa da ƙarewar bene, sanya kayan daki kuma kayan gida kayan gida. Don haka lokacin da aka tattauna batun gina Apartment, kar a manta da su don masu haɓaka aikinku, ko sun zabi wannan, an zabi wannan, kayan ginin da aka zaba. Idan tsawon lokaci rufi yana murkushe ƙasa a kasan maƙwabta, "farin ciki" sadarwa tare da su dole ne su san ku, kuma ba marubutan shirye-shiryen zane.
Bangare na kwastomomi
Raga raga ne kusan na duniya abu. An samu sakamakon ci daga cikin ƙwayar ciminti tare da ƙari na kayan kwalliya na musamman. Ba mai kuma yana hana yaduwar wuta ba. Krymera, iyakar juriya na wuta na bangon tallafi da aka yi da 75mmmmm m tubalan ne 150 minti. Fursunoni na iska a cikin pores na sel kankare yana ba da tubalan yanayin rufin zafi. Bugu da kari, an rufe pores rage ruwan sha na kayan, yana sa shi jure wa danshi.Tsarin sikelin yana ba da sauƙin peldular. Yi hukunci da kanka: Asali kananan kananan toshe da aka yi da ta kumfa (GOSSH 2150-89) girman 20025060mm na D600 BRACK na D600 kuma yana da ikon maye gurbinsu a cikin kewayon shinge na 15-20 kuma waɗannan sune kamar mutane da yawa kamar 80 kg). Daga nan ya zama dole a rage hadaddun Masonry, tunda maimakon tantin tubalin, dutse ɗaya ya isa. Ta amfani da tubalan, zaku iya saurin hanzarin gyara ko gini har kwana da yawa. Kuma ba kawai sosai da sauri, gas-silate rabo da sauri kuma bushe da sauri da sauri da sauri.
Bangare daga tubalan maki D400 da d500 suna da kyakkyawar sauti: ƙira na 100mm lokacin farin ciki na inuwa (RW) daidai da 35mm-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-446 db, da kuma bangare wani ne 25mm na kauri kuma a duk 55-57 db.
Shigulan daga cikin sel autoclave kankare yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar sosai farfajiya. Tsawon yana nufin cewa kayan tsada don ƙarewar irin waɗannan rabon, ba kamar bulo ba, ana buƙatar ƙusa, ana buƙatar in mun gwada da ɗan. Kawo kansu da sauki a yanke su, sai suka yanke. Sauƙin aiki na sarrafa salon wayar yana ba ka damar yin zane-zane na kowane yanki, da kuma sarrafa su a kananan katanga, socks, bututun mai, da sauransu.
Don na'urar ta kashi na ciki, akwai isasshen toshe tare da kauri na 10 cm (ƙara kauri daga cikin yadudduka, kuma wannan ba kasa da 1-2 cm). Bayan haka babu matsaloli tare da shigarwa na kofofin, saboda daidaitaccen ɗaukakar firam ba ta wuce 13 cm ba. Sabili da haka, bangare daga tubalan kumfa (daga wasu kayan), yana da ma'ana a yi kauri daga 80 zuwa 120mm. Wannan girman yana samar da ingantattun alamu don juriya na kashe gobara, kayan kwalliya da rufin sauti. Ba shi da ma'ana don yin bangare kuma saboda kauri da ake buƙata don shigarwa na ƙofar filastar ko na'urar da aka haɗa Plastands. Ato ya riga ya mamaye kayan da karuwa a kimantawa.
Ofarfin tsarin toshe ya sa ya yiwu a gina ɗayan kusan kowane tsayi. A lokacin da kwanciya, zaku iya amfani da cakuda yashi-cakuda da talakawa cakuda sumul polymer manne mai haske. Bangare da kansu ba kawai toshe ba ne, har ma da birki-emit zuwa na'urar screen kuma ana haɗe shi zuwa ga ɗaukar rod a cikin jirgin ruwa na karfe. Sauran an sanya shi a cikin wani kwance masonry. Tushen bangare na gaba ana daidaita shi ta hanyar maganin ruwa-yashi. Sa'an nan kuma bakin ciki Layer na maganin, wanda, kafa matakin, jere na farko na bangarorin da aka tattara suna taru.
Hanya zuwa ƙasa za a iya aiwatar da shi tare da taimakon bayanan bayan ƙarfe (wanda, bi da bi, wanda aka ɗora akan Dowels). Abubuwan samaniyoyi na abubuwan toshe, sun shiga junan su, an riga an haɗa su da manne. Wato, kowane yanki na gaba na faranti tare da pre-caaddamar da sararin samaniya da manne da kuma farantin layin da ya gabata. An gyara bangare na Ksthea tare da manne (bayani) da ƙarfafa (kowane jere na tubalan). An mamaye ƙofar da sanduna biyu-uku na karfafa gwiwa na karfe (tare da diamita na 6mm) wanda "Rotary".
A ƙarshe, wani la'akari. A lokacin da aiki tare da kumfa na toshe shinge, wajibi ne don la'akari da muhimmiyar fitina. Saboda suna da santsi, amma karfi da surfy surfy, yana da matukar ban sha'awa masu ban sha'awa. Ana iya samun sakamako mai kyau, amma ba baƙin ciki na farko: zai zama dole a saka shi, aƙalla 2-3 yadudduka kafin amfani da filastar.
Cramt Products kayayyakin Marok D500 da D600 daban-daban masu girma suna samar da masana'antar dasa shuki ", kamar" samfuran gidan abinci "," Madis "," Konatv), " Factor Oblast), "masana'antar gidan ta manyan gida" (Fenza), "yankin Moscik" (Yankin Moscik), da sauransu na yankin), da sauransu. Manya mai girma dabam na toshe ɗaya - 20025060m. Products 500500100, 600400100, 600300100 da 600300100 da 600300100 da 600300100 da 600300100 da 600300100 da 600300100 da 600300100. Matsakaicin taro na irin waɗannan abubuwan, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce kilogiram na 14-23, da kuma girman ƙuruciya ba ne cewa ya dace da mai sakawa ɗaya.
A cikin benaye na ƙofofin ƙofofin, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da samfura 2390250125mm. Masu kera gas-silicate tubalan (tare da yawa na 600 kg / m3 da girma na 600300100mm) akwai har zuwa tsofaffi da yawa. Daga cikinsu ana iya kiran su "ginin ginin Lyuberttsy na gida" (toshe kayan bangon tsiro "(Stary Oskol)," Hadio Oskol), "Hadio Oskol)," hankali na Lipetsk na samfurori daga Lipetsk, inda samar da samfuran kaya daga Wayar salula akan fasahar kamfanin HELLE HEBLEL. Haske masu inganci daga kumfa na damisa, wanda haƙƙin geometric ya kai 1 cm, ingantaccen yana da kyau, yana nufin cewa yana yiwuwa a sanya irin waɗannan abubuwan manne.
Farashi don toshe abubuwa daga matsakaita a matsakaita a matsakaita a cikin kewayon kewayon kewayon zuwa $ 1 zuwa $ 1.3 a kowane yanki. Yana da mahimmanci lokacin sayen kulawa da samfuran samfuran. Misali, ƙirar D500 da D600 sune alama a kan yawa na ƙwararrun ƙwararru (500 da 600 kg / m3, bi da bi). Amma gaskiyar ita ce tsire-tsire na mushin mu - tare da girma iri ɗaya, amma ƙasa da yawa (kg 350). Wadannan shinge na kankare basu dace da bangare ba, tunda ba su samar da isasshen ƙarfin tsarin ba, kuma ana nufin su rufi a kwance a kwance.
Farantin wuyan wahala
Idan an cire lokacin gyara, kuma ba kwa son mu'amala da datti da laka, zaka iya amfani da sauki, in mun zama da sauri, "mai bushe," mai bushe, "PPP). Kowane farantin wannan farantin an yi shi ne da giyar gyaran gyada kuma shine murabba'i mai kusurwa, haɗa da tunani da wuraren tunani wanda suke da yankin da suka shafi tsagi da tsefe.
Parstition daga filastar za a iya tattare maimakon duhu, da kuma bayan sutturar seams da farko, kusan sassauƙa ya jira har sai filasta ta bushe har ƙasa. Don haka zaka iya fara zanen lafiya, gami da rigar polymer ko tayal fuska. Af, ya halatta zuwa niƙa a kai tsaye bayan bushewa abun da ke hawa, wato, bayan minti 30-40. Farantin gypsum suna tsayayya da rot da kwari, ƙananan hawa a cikin zafin jiki da zafi basa haifar da nakasassu a cikinsu. PGP yana da sauƙi gani da tsari, da kuma wiron lantarki da bututun lantarki da bututu suna ɗauka cikin takalmin da kayan aiki mai sauƙi. Hotunan, madubai da sauran abubuwa masu nauyi da ke da nauyin kilo 4 suna haɗe zuwa ɓangaren lalata, abubuwa masu nauyi (abubuwa, shelves (tare da cakulan. Koyaya, a cikin ra'ayi na magina da yawa, fili mai ban mamaki ba ya samar da isasshen ƙarfi (idan aka kwatanta da tsararrakin tubalin), idan, alal misali, ana buƙatar yin kayan aikin tsarkakewa.
A cikin kasuwar Rasha, filastar ta wakiltar kamfanin dako na cikin gida "Knuff Gypsum", kuma 2 na nau'ikan su ana bayar da su da danshi-juriya. Na farko sun dace da bangare a cikin kowane ɗakuna tare da al'ada (har zuwa 60%) zafi. Jin daɗin danshi-mai tsayayya (yana yiwuwa a rarrabe su daga talakawa a launi, ba ake kiran launin toka, amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore), amma kore) ana iya gabatar da shi cikin ruwa. Daga danshi-juriya mai tsaiko zaka iya gina bangare a cikin gidan wanka, bayan gida da a cikin dafa abinci. A wannan yanayin, yada fane-zage pasmus ramin tsirrai ko dutse na halitta. Kada ka manta game da kare ruwa. A lokacin da shigar da bangare a cikin ɗakuna tare da high arean zafi, slabf farfend ", kuma a wuraren da aka saƙa ana amfani da tef, kamar" KnAUf Fortingdichtband "kamar" KnAUF Ganyen.
Iri na kwastomomin salula
Foam kankare ne mai nauyi polrete samu ta hanyar karfin mafita wanda ya kunshi ciminti, yashi da ruwa, da kumfa. Danshi daga kumfa ya zo ta zahiri lokacin da yake a cikin siffofin.
Kwayoyin hannu na wayar hannu ya ƙunshi dunƙulen ma'adini, ciminti, lemun tsami da ruwa gauraye da shigar da kai tsaye, inda abin da suke so na baya. Ana samar da samfuran daga wayar salula kawai a cikin yanayin masana'antu kuma kawai je siyarwa a cikin hanyar shirye-shiryen amfani da tubalan amfani.
Aired kankare an yi shi daga ruwa da cakuda-yashi-yyky cakuda, wanda aka ƙara masu shigo da gas.
Gasilikic cakuda lemun tsami, ciminti, ma'adini, ruwan fata, ruwa da gypsum, dunƙule, ƙwaya a cikin wani autoclave ko tururuwa.
Jigilar PGP ɗin ba a kan gindin kankare na overlap ba, amma a ƙarshen ƙulla na bene kafin amfani da gama coatings. Gudanar da manne mai hawa lokacin aiki tare da faranti na al'ada, ana amfani da Putty mai wanki, kuma tare da Hydrover-hydro ". Domin ƙirar ta zama isasshe m, faranti aaid "Rotary", da tsoratarwa duka sama da ƙasa. A matsayinsa na fi so, tunda putty a cikin wuyan wuyan wuyansa an rarraba shi sosai. Game da batun, za a yanke shari'ar slading ta farko slads a kashe tsefe.
Kullan kwalaye suna haɗe da dabaru tare da nakin musamman. A shirye don gaskiyar cewa don bangare ɗaya daga cikin farantin 66750080mm, ƙofar ƙofar da ya dace da kunkuntar, 8-santimita. Saboda haka, da zane da ƙofar ne dace don kafa daga faranti da kauri da 100mm (20mm, to, shi ne mai sauki "rarake" tare da platbands). A tsaye murkushe suttura, wanda ke kusa da ƙofar, bai kamata ya zama kusa da 20 cm daga gefen gefen gefen. A cikin haduwa da sasanninta, faranti suna cikin yanayin rufewar gidajen abinci na ƙananan layuka. A seams an rufe su da putty "Knuf Fogaurfler", kuma saboda haka, akan mai zuwa mai zuwa, inganta tasirin da farfajiyar, yi amfani da tasirin da "Kiref Tifengrand".
Yawancin lokaci, an haɗa ɓangarorin pGP da ɗaukar nauyi, tare da taimakon dowel, da rata a tsakanin rufi da gadaje na sama suna rufe tare da putty. Don inganta sautin rufin da aka raba, ana kiranta haɗin roba. A wannan yanayin, tare da putty strefs da gaset (3-5 mm lokacin farin ciki) daga bututu, bituminous jin ko ƙananan yawa. Irin wannan gas ɗin yana kashe oscillations yana wucewa ta hanyar tsinkaye ginin ginin.
Dukansu talakawa da danshi-tsayayya mai wuyar warwarewa ana samar da masu girma biyu: 667500 da 900300mm, 60 ko 100mm. Daga faranti da aka sanya a jere daya, yana yiwuwa a tara wani bangare guda - ya dace da bukatun tsarin gyara don rufin sauti (41 DB). Ana buƙatar ƙirar kauri biyu daga 180mm ana buƙatar idan kuna buƙatar haɓaka rufin sauti (zuwa matakin na 60 DB) ko wuri mafi yawan bututun mai da ba za a iya ajiye su cikin bugun jini ba. Za'a iya yankakken sashi ta hanyar bututun da ke tare da diamita na har zuwa rabin muryar muryar, wato, babu fiye da 40mm. An gina zane biyu kamar haka. Na farko gefe daya yana hawa (jeri ɗaya na faranti) da duk hanyoyin sadarwa suna haɗe da shi, sannan ɗayan. Tobales suna cike da insulating kayan.
Gaskiya ne, bambancin ƙirar biyu na ɓangaren ɓangaren (tare da faɗin murfin sauti tsakanin murhu) na iya tsada sosai. Bayan haka, farashin farantin guda na 66750080mm kusan $ 2. Koyaya, idan ya zama dole don gina madaidaicin ɓangaren ciki a cikin lokacin rikodin, kuma a lokaci guda cin zarafin ƙimar kayan ƙoshin gaske.
Yankunan tubali
Wannan watakila zaɓi na al'ada. Matsakaicin tubali ana santa da ƙarfi kuma yana yin tsayayya da manyan kaya daga abubuwa masu ɗorewa a kansu (bututun littattafai, da sauransu, da yawa, ɗakunan ajiya da kanta ya zama abin dogara). A matsayinka na mai mulkin, irin waɗannan ɓangaren suna kwanciya da kauri a cikin mai narkewa a cikin katako (80mm), har ma a kan na'urar da bene scacked, kai tsaye a kan abin da ya mamaye. Idan ya cancanta, an leastalin ginin da aka yi amfani da ginin da ciminti-yashi. Abu na gaba, shimfiɗa wani Layer na mafita da kuma sharuddan matakin tubalin. Don ƙarfi mafi girma, bangare yana da kyau a ƙarfafa. Yi shi ta hanyar kwanciya tare da tsawon tsawon (kowane 4-5 layuka na tubalin) na girkin ƙarfe na 4-6mm ko tsiri na fina-finan Finit. Propections bai wuce 150 cm ba, a dage farawa daga tubalin, saka a kan, karfafa kowane 3-5 layuka tare da diamita na 3-6mm.A lokacin da gyara bangare daga bulo, saka a gefen, masonry kai ko dai tare da taimakon jagororin ko a cikin matakai da yawa. An yi bayani game da cewa irin wannan kwanciya a cikin tsummancin tsari yana da rashin tabbas. Saboda haka ƙirar ba ta lalace ba, yana ƙaruwa don mataki ɗaya ta wurin ba fiye da 1-1.5 m. Ajawa, ya kamata a jira ƙarshen ƙimar duka zuwa ƙarshe.
Idan wani bangare a cikin kwata na bulo yana da isasshen aiki, kuma ba shi yarda da gina mai ba da labari tare da waka mai laushi tare da diamita na 1.5 -2mm. An wuce cikin kwanciya seams daga ƙasa. Don mafi aminci, ana ba da shawarar waya a saka a cikin seam a kwance na Masonry kowane 40-60 cm.
A lokacin da shirya ƙarƙashin zanen ko farfaɗo, tsarin tubalin bangon waya yawanci ana shafe shi a garesu da rub. A cikin ɗakuna tare da high zafi, bangare yana da kyawawa don shirya don gaba ɗaya (ko aƙalla aƙalla ƙananan abubuwa na danshi mai tsayayya ko zane-zane na danshi ko zane-zane. Dakin da aka saka, ta hanyar, ana iya shafe bangare ne kawai a gefe ɗaya, kuma a gefe guda, sanya tayal kai tsaye akan bangon bulan, zai zama mai aminci.
A lokacin da shirya gina ginin tubalin, yi hankali, irin wannan tsarin suna da matukar wahala (1M2 1/2 lokacin farin ciki tubalin 230-250 kg) kuma ƙirƙirar saukarwa kan dillali mai ɗaukar nauyi. Don rage yawan irin wannan ƙira, yana da kyau a shafa m ko tobud. Koyaya, cikakkiyar ja ta dace da aiki a cikin wuraren zama tare da babban zafi (a cikin dakunan wanka, bayan gida) suna da farin ciki ga danshi. Ko da a cikin sababbin gidajen Monolithic, yana da kyau ka sanya bangare na tubalin a matsayin karamin tsayin daka, a kusa da kayan wanka (ganuwar wanka). Idan an sami tsayin tsayin fa'idar fiye da 5 m, yana da ma'ana ga barin bulo kuma nemo shi wanda zai maye gurbinsa a cikin nau'in mai narkewa ko siliki na gas.
Tabbas, zaku iya gina bangare daga yanki-yanki guda biyu ko kuma cikakkun bayanan ja. Amma sautin murfin launuka na kayan ciki tare da abubuwan ciki na ciki suna da ƙasa. Don rage watsa hayaniya, yana da kyau a faɗi yin barci na ciki tare da tubalin yashi, amma yin nauyi, alas, zai ƙaru.
A lokacin da shirya don overhaul ko tattaunawa tare da mai tsara kayan masarufi, bai kamata mu manta cewa murhun tubalin yana da yawan kasawa ba. Out da aka daidaita da layi, dole ne a haɗa farfadoshinsu sosai, kuma wannan yana nuna ƙarin abubuwan da ke tsakanin abubuwan da ke tsakanin "rigar" da kuma ayyukan da suka biyo baya. Baya ga babban taro, tubalin bulo yana da wani mummunan gefen, babban farashi mai adalci. Kuma, muna lura, yana shafar hakan ba farashin kayan abu ba, nawa ne mai tsada mai tsada (Masonry da filastar). Yi aiki a kan 1m2 saura bangare tare da kauri daga gefen tare da farashin kayan aiki game da $ 10, da kwata na bulo yana kusan $ 8.
Amma ga zaɓin kayan, yanzu ba shi da yawa ba kuma babu ƙarancin kayayyaki masu kyau. Baya ga masu samar da gida ("Nasarar Golitis Ceramic", "Nasarar nasara tauf", "Shuka Ceramic kayan n 3", da dai sauransu. ), kasuwannin kasashen waje ana wakilta a kamfanonin kasuwar, kamar terca da toginoc (Finland). Kyakkyawan cikakken tubali na samfuran daban-daban (M-100, M-125, M-150) ana bayar da M-155) a farashin $ 0.1-0.2 (1 PC.). Rage tubalin tubali M-75, M-125, M-150 za'a iya siye a farashin $ 0.1 zuwa $ 0.5. Farin siliki na tubali daga $ 0.1. Apacks don siyan kayan ba matsala, babban abin da ke ƙarƙashin baya ba sa manta da Dosimeter. Gaskiyar ita ce, babban bangon bulo shine tushen yanayin gurguzu na asali. Yana faruwa da kayayyakin daga yankuna daban-daban na Rasha da karfi "maɓuɓɓugan ruwa", kuma suna kawo irin waɗannan kayan ga Apartment, ba shakka, ba daraja ba. Don haka kafin siyan wani tsari na tubalin, duba matakin asalin hasken yanki ne kawai dole.
Tubalan tubalan
Gilashin gilashin sune "tubalin gilashi" tare da rami mai rufewa da faranti guda biyu wanda aka haɗa a tsakanin kansu, wataƙila abu mafi kyau na kayan ado ne na bangare. Adadin da kumfa mai toshe da tubalin da suke da kyau sosai. Aiki-da isar da ƙarfi, juriya na wuta, zafi da kuma yanayin rufin, tsoratar da, ba shakka, ikon mai tsayayya. Bugu da kari, tubalan gilashin kayan zafi ne, mai ban tsoro bambance-bambancen zazzabi daga -40 zuwa + 50c.
Kowane ɗayan gilashin-rabin "tubali" an yi shi da lokacin farin ciki (6-7mm) gilashi. Matsakaicin girman gilashi - 190190 80mm (a cikin shagunan zaka iya samun samfurori da mahimmanci - 240240 80 cm). Mam ya bambanta daga 2.2 zuwa 4 kg. Hakanan akwai abubuwan da aka samu (ko rabin-zuciya) abubuwa masu kusurwa na siffar rectangular (Dimbinsu 1909080 cm) suna samuwa. A farfajiya na gilashin gilashin na zamani na iya zama santsi, marasa hankali, m, matte da ma launi. A wannan yanayin, samfuran da abubuwa daban-daban sun bace ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai cikakken bayani gaba daya (tare da watsawa mai santsi), watsa-watsawa da kuma darekta-darekta (Wadannan sakamakon suna da shinge na gilashi tare da saman cirewa). Baya ga samfuran al'ada na al'ada kuma suna samar da triangular, angular (don kusurwoyi, ginshiƙai, da sauransu) har ma da zagaye. Daga cikin waɗannan, tabbas, ba a gina ɓangare ba, saboda aikinsu yana da tsabta mai ado.
Don ɗaukar gilashin gilashi, kowane irin tsari mai hawa wanda bai ƙunshi manyan ciyawa ba ko wasu abubuwan da zasu iya lalata farfajiya. Wadannan na iya zama mafita sumunti, da kuma matsi na ruwa ", da ƙari mai yawa. Idan mafita ya hau kan gilashin gilashin yayin aiki, yi ƙoƙarin cire shi nan da nan da ruwa. A bambanta, da bushe taro zai yi la'akari da ƙarfe scraper, wanda yake mai sauƙin lalata toshe.
Don sauƙaƙe shigarwa na ɓangaren ɓangaren, ana amfani da gril mai katako na katako. Amma ya fi kyau a yi amfani da abubuwan filastik na musamman ($ 0.25-0.5 kowace yanki), godiya ga wanda zaku iya cimma matsakaicin tsayayyen abubuwa. Gidajen da keɓaɓɓe sun fi kyau rufe sautin mafi girma don tayal - don haka ɓangarorin za su duba mafi kyau. Saboda haka gilashin tubalan suna da kyau "a rufe" tare da ciminti, ana bada shawara don sanya fayuka uku na tubalan a rana. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa don nuna fifiko tare da ciminti suna buƙatar karin lokaci fiye da, alal misali, tubalin. Kamar yadda yake a cikin batun PGP, bangare daga gilashin tubalan zai buƙaci ƙofar zuwa 80mm. Abubuwan fitarwa daga matsayi na iya zama ƙofar kofa ta duniya tare da akwatin juyawa. Lokacin shigar da irin wannan ƙira, ya isa ya gabatar da shingen tsaye a fadin ɓangaren da haɓaka.
A zahiri, tare da taimakon gilashin gilashi "Za ku iya magance ƙirar gidajenku a maɓallin da ba a tsammani ba. Mafi sau da yawa, ana shirya tubalan gilashin a cikin ɗakunan wanka, a cikin dafa abinci har ma a cikin falo, raba wani yanki na aiki na gidaje daga wani. Za'a iya gina sassan curvilinear, yayin da mafi karancin radius yake 5 m. Babu wani buri a cikin bangon da kuma bangare don Tarurrukan ciki. Wataƙila kawai abin da aka dakatar da wannan kayan shine babban farashi mai yawa. Tubalan tubalan sune matsakaita na $ 1.5 zuwa $ 50 a kowane yanki. Yanzu a kasuwar Rasha an gabatar da tsada mai tsada kuma mai ingancin inganci na samarwa na gida (1 inji mai kyau - daga $ 0.8), daga gilashin "tauraron dan wasan". Mafi kyawun rabo na farashi da inganci na iya yin alfahari da samfuran verbrok (Czech Republic), Saint-Gobain (Faransa), weck, Solaris (Jamus), Soleria (Jamus), Solan), Solan), Solan), Solan) da sauransu. Prety) na iya zama aikin Masters: Ginin na bangare daban-daban ya bambanta daga $ 14 har zuwa $ 25 (1M2).
Tsarin bangare
Ga na'urar sassan wannan nau'in, zanen filen hannu, fiberboard da kuma ana amfani da chiboard. Mafi yawan yaduwar shafaffen shafaffun filayen (GNC) daga kamfanonin "KnAf Gypum" (Russia) da Gyproc (Ingila).Tsarin bangare tare da glcs suna da sauƙi kuma cikin hanzari haushin, ta hanyar rage lokacin aiki. Wani fa'idodin insisputable na GNLC ya ta'allaka ne da ganuwar da ta karye ko kayan haɗin kansu kawai rage amfani da ɗakin.
Matsakaicin girman girman alƙalin septerboard na septum (12.5 mm lokacin farin ciki) ya dogara da girman sashin giciye da aka yi amfani da shi da nisa tsakanin su a cikin firam, da kuma daga mafita. Tsawon irin wannan samfurin zai iya kaiwa 5-6.5 m, da kuma taro na 1m2-25-49 kg. Don kwatantawa: Septum a kan katako mai katako (Sashen 6080mm) yana da ikon samun tsayin daka har zuwa 4.1 m (taro 1m2- daga 30 zuwa 50.5 kg). A lokaci guda, mafi girman ɗaukacin (95mm lokacin farin ciki) akan fam miliyan 12.5-mm a kowane gefen, dib da juriya na 0.2 hours. An rufe zanen makamancin wannan, amma an riga an rufe zanen gado biyu a kowane gefe, yana ba da rufin sauti a 45 db kuma zai iya tsayayya da bude harshen wuta don hours hours.
Idan za ku rataye a ɓangaren bushewa kowane abu mai nauyi (alal misali, littattafai), ka tuna cewa nauyin a kan zane bai kamata ya fi kilogram 70 ga kowane tsararraki na lokaci ba. Misalai masu haske, da taro na wanda ba ya wuce 15 kilogiram (misali, hotuna ko shelves), an dakatar da hotuna ko shelves kai tsaye a kan filasannin datsa amfani da dowels da sukurori. Bangare na Glkl yana baka damar aiwatar da wayoyi na ɓoye. A bangon da aka gama, bangon bangon bango yawanci suna sanyawa ko amfani da filastar ado na ado, kuma zaka iya barin farfajiya kuma ba tare da kare ba.
Farashin 1M2 na plasterboard pastresboard shine $ 20-50 (ban da shigarwa) kuma ya dogara da saiti, ƙirar firam, da yawa da sauran sigogi. Don aikin shigarwa zai zama dole don ƙarin 10-20% na darajar kayan. Kara karantawa game da sassan tsarin "Roman tare da Plasterton" wanda aka buga a wannan dakin.
Cikakken shuru zai yiwu?
Wannan shi ne ɗayan manyan tambayoyin da waɗanda suke za su raba ofishin daga gandun daji, da ɗakin kwanciya, dangi, dangi, dangi na Kinoman suna zaune a gaban allon gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ba shi yiwuwa cewa zaku iya tunanin rayuwa mai dadi da shuru idan a ƙarshen ranar aiki mai aiki da kuke ƙoƙarin yin barci, za ku tilasta ku saurari tattaunawar, da abin magana ko wani abu kamar haka. Haka ne, da bidiyo na gida tare da sauti baƙon abu ne a hada da aƙalla tsakiyar ikon. Ana buƙatar kariya ta amo. Amma daga waɗanne kayan ya kamata a gina ɗayan abin da ya kamata su taimaka a cikin wannan?
Sautin kewayawa na rufewa (overlaps, bango da bangare) shine ikon hana yaduwar sauti (ko makamashi sauti) na amo da ke shiga dakin mai natsuwa. A lokaci guda, hayaniyar iska (yana faruwa a cikin iska kuma, godiya ga raƙuman ruwa na iska, yana ba da ta cikin tsarin da aka haɗa) da drum (ya bayyana kai tsaye a cikin yajin aiki a kansu da kuma, juya ciki, an fitar da shi zuwa dakin a cikin hanyar sauti mai sauti).
Korar Haɓakawa ta gabatar da manufar karfin sauti (rufin sauti na sauti - rw), wanda aka auna cikin jarirai. Wannan darajar ba ta dogara da yankin ɗakin ba, ko kuma daga ɗaukakawa kawai a ciki kuma ta shafi tsari ne kawai. MHNSN 2.04-97 "Hadarin amo, Vibrings da buƙatun sauti a cikin mazaunin gida: 54 db- don rukuni na biyu" RW LOSIGRAGE), 52 DB- don Category Ction gida gine-gine), DB- don rukunin gidaje a cikin (tsoffin gidaje).
A matsayin bayani don tunani, waɗannan misalai za'a iya ba su. Tsarin tubali daga cikakken jan tubali, jirgin sama a bangarorin biyu, suna da kyawawan dabi'u masu zuwa: bango a cikin gurbataccen sauti (kauri tare da filaska 150mm) - 47 db; Bangon a cikin tubali 1 (kauri tare da filastar 280mm) - 54 db; Bangon cikin tubalin 2 (kauri tare da filastar 530m) - 60 DB.
Sauti na iska hayaniyar iska mai kauri daga zanen gado biyu mai kauri tare da kauri tsakanin firam na 10mm tsakanin firam na 10mm kusan 53 db. A wannan yanayin, jimlar kauri daga tsarin shine 160mm.
Idan zaku shigar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida a cikin dakin, tubali Septa ko kuma ya fi dacewa da zane daga sautunan mitoci, kuma menene silima mai yawa (kuma menene silima? Yanzu, bangon plasesboard an kiyaye shi sosai daga hayaniya na gida (alal misali, muryoyin mutum, gwargwadon yiwu akan matsakaicin mituzzan).
Yayin babban hanyar babbar hanyar sauti ce ta dakin - karuwa a kauri na bangare. Idan daidaitaccen tsari tare da bayanin martaba na 50mm da zanen gado biyu na GlC yana da kauri daga cikin 100mm, bangare akan Frames daban ne 160mm. A wannan yanayin, matakin shigarwar zai zama daidai da alamar guda ɗaya don ƙarin ƙaƙƙarfan bangon bango mai girma (280mm). Kuma idan sha'awarku ta sami babban rufin sauti suna da kyau, dole ne ku daidaita da wasu asarar yanki mai amfani. A farkon lokaci a cikin gini na sirri, tsarin rufin runya na musamman da kuma hade kayan da ake kara amfani dasu. Amma wannan batun yana da fadi sosai cewa wajibi ne don la'akari da shi a cikin wani labarin daban.
Kayan don na'urar na kayan aiki
| Abu | Girma, mm. | Tsayayya da kashe gobara, cho | Mass 1M2, KG | Inshanet na sauti Index, DB | Farashin, $ | Kudin 1M2 yana aiki, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red cikakken tubali | 12025065. | 2.5 (tare da lokacin farin ciki 120mm) | Game da 260 (a cikin tubalin 1/2) | 45. | 1-1,5 / PCS. | 9-25 |
| Gasar Gasila | 600250150. | 1.5-3 (tare da lokacin farin ciki 120mm) | 7-8 | 37-40 | 25 / m3. | 6-8 |
| Kumfa na toshe | 600300100 (200) | 2.5-4 (tare da kauri daga bangare na 140mm) | 210. | 37-40 | 46 / m3. | 6-8 |
| Tubalan tubalan | 19019080. | Ba kasa da 1. | 70 (tare da taro na toshe ɗaya na 2.5 kg) | 40-45 | 2-10 / pc. | 20-25 |
| Sarɓa | 39018890. | Kusan 1. | Kusan 180. | 43-46 | 0.4-0.8 / PC. | 6-8 |
| Plaslesboard bangare | - | 0.75-1.9 | 25-50 | 43-55 | 15-22 / M2. | 6-12. |
| Farantin wuyan wahala | 66750080 (100) | 2. | Kusan 90. | 41 (don faranti lokacin farin ciki 80mm); 45 (don faranti lokacin farin ciki 100mm) | 10-11 / M2. | 2-3. |
Rates don gina sepcommeriya na septmere na auna 42.70 m (kauri a cikin 1/2 tubali)
| Abu | lamba | Kudin kowane bangare, $ | Jimlar darajar kayan, $ | Jimlar kudin aiki, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rage bull | 650 PCs. | 0.20 / PC. | 130. | 141. |
| Armat | 16 m / p M. | 0.50 / pog. M. | takwas | Kunshe a cikin farashin |
| Bayani | 0.5m3 | 20M3 | 10 | Masonch |
| Yumɓu | 500 kg | 0.10 / kg | hamsin | 113. |
| Ɓama | 90 kg | 0.50 / kg | 45. | 84. |
| Yanke kayan (don zaɓar): | ||||
| fenti | 11 kg | 7 / kg | 77. | 5 / m2. |
| Bangarori | 21,6m2. | 20 / M2. | 432. | 15 / M2. |
| fuskar bang jiki | 4.5 Rulona | 10 / Mirgine | 120. | Daga 4 / m2 |