Mun gano wane abubuwa ne suka haɗa da shimfiɗa mai sauƙi, ko kuma ana buƙatar samun iska da kuma kwatancen kayan da aka shimfiɗa tare da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan gini.
Ganuwa tubalin sun zama alama ce ta karko, amma suna da dumi sosai, amma suna da tsada sosai. Saboda haka, a yau an gina gidan dutse, hada kananan katako daban-daban kuma galibi ana kiranta Masonry mai ban sha'awa.
Abubuwa na Layeded Masonry
A cikin tsakiyar layi, mafi mashahuri kayan don wando na ciki na masonry sune gas-siliki na fasahar D500 da D600, kazalika da yabon da aka saƙa da yabon. Don rigakafin jirgin sama na waje suna amfani da ja mai launin ja, rawaya da kuma tubalin asibiti. Tabbas, wasu, ƙarin haɗuwa, kamar polystyrene da kuma kankare tubalan tubalan suna yiwuwa. Masonry na ciki shine kyawawa don jagorantar a cikin "mai dumi" Inletlet (akwai abubuwan da aka gama da su na musamman), da kuma bulo mai tursasawa - a kan certial turke tare da gidajen teku. Daga ciki, irin wannan ganuwar galibi plastered ko tinched da bushewa (idan tsangwama yana yiwuwa a cikin aikin dumama, zaɓi zaɓi ya fi dacewa).
Jaka mai da aka sanya na bulo da cerarmoblocks: 1 - fuskantar babban bulo; 2 - rata na fasaha (don jeri) cike da mafita; 3 - ƙarfafa jigon Basaltoplastic; 4 - toshe mai kauri.
Masonry Monorry da aka yi da bulo da cerarmoblocks tare da rufin slarm: 1 - fuskantar babban bulo; 2 - toshewar katako; 3 - ulu na ma'adinan ma'adinai tare da kauri na 100 mm; 4 - Haɗin haɗi na Basaltoplalical tare da latch don rufi.
Masonry da aka yi da bullry da tubalun da ke rufinsa tare da rufewa mai slab: 1 - Rukunin Foam 2 - Farantin ma'adinin ma'adinai tare da kauri na 100 mm; 3 - bulo mai hankali; 4 - Haɗin haɗi na Basaltoplalical tare da latch don rufi.
Jaka Masonry da aka yi da bulo da bulo: 1 - rufe tare da layin rufi mai linzami; 2 - Cikakken birki na fuska; 3 - haɗewar polymer mai sassauƙa; 4 - Bontsyrene Bonts.
Layin da kwanciya na kankare tubalan tare da rufi mai gudana: 1 - dutsen dauraya dutse); 2 - Haɗin waya na Galata; 3 - coerled vermiculite; 4 - toshe na kankare;
Mahonory masonry da aka yi da bulo da toshe tare da rufewa: 1 - fuskar m fili; 2 - haɗi masu saurin sarrafa polymer; 3 - Epps faranti; 4 - Ceramzit ya toshe.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana buƙatar bonds tsakanin yadudduka akwai sassauƙa, in ba haka ba bambanci a cikin kayan maye da yaduwar kayan na iya haifar da samarwa.
Tsarin Layer na Layer ba koyaushe yana ba shi damar aiwatar da ƙa'idodin zafi na zamani. Misali, bangon na toshe tubane mai kauri da tubalin kauri na 50 cm (38 + 12 cm) yana da juriya na zafi • yana da, ° C / w, a cikin yanayin Moscow Kuma yankuna Leendrad, ba ya cika bukatun na haɗin gwiwa na haɗin gwiwa 50.1330. Kariyar Theredings "(3.2 M2 • ° C / W).
Masonry na yumbu tubalan tubalan da aka rarraba a Turai, inda tubalan suna da cikakken girma girma, tun bayan harafi suna fallasa su ga nika.
Muna da masonry a kan manne mai ɗumi, ba da izinin bambanta da kauri daga cikin seams don daidaita layin.
Sabili da haka, aikin da aka tsara guda uku suna da hannu a cikin abin da rufin yana tsakanin bangon dutse guda biyu - faranti na ƙasa (gilashin polystyrene kumfa, polysancate, da sauransu). Canja wurin shakatawa na bango na kumfa (30 + 12 cm) tare da Layer na rufi tare da kauri na 5 cm shine 3.8 M2 • ° C / W.
Don hana samuwar tsaunuka, murfin fuska kwanciya shine mafi kyau a cikin wani bayani na musamman tare da ƙari wanda ke da salts.
Igo Rogozhin, Babban Injiniyan KSk-Ball
Don inganta rufin da aka dorewa na bangon bango, ba lallai ba ne don shigar da ƙarin Layer a cikin ƙira - yana yiwuwa a ƙara yawan farinaccen yanki ko kuma amfani da ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta don shi, alal misali, D400 brand man fetur ko alamomin yerrams Thermo. Koyaya, a farkon shari'ar, farashin ba kawai kwalaye na gidan zai karu ba, har ma da tushe yana da rashin amfani tattalin arziki. Kuma a cikin m castier karancin bango ba zai isa ba don fahimtar nauyin daga concree arrojois, wanda zai iya buƙatar kashe kudi karfaffen jingina na ma'adinin ). Bugu da kari, zai zama mafi wahala a kafa kowane ginin consoles da matuƙar ginin, kamar ƙofar gareji.
Zabi na rufi
Ma'akar ma'adinai ya fi tsada, mara iyaka ga tsire-tsire na damfara don ingancin insulate kuma yana jin tsoron danshi (yana da mahimmanci don komawa ga tattaunawar wannan, amma kusan ba ya shafar yanayin bango. Kuma polyfoam baya rasa tururi da kuma ka'idar danshi a ciki a cikin babban tsarin tsarin (kodayake a cikin aiwatar da roƙon bangon yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin aikin samun iska da dumama).
Lokacin insulating wani gidan Kerzite, an gudanar da faranti na polystyrene ba tare da samun iska ba.
Bugu da ƙari, rufewa da zafi da yawa ba sa buƙata.
Za'a iya yin riba na bel na daga tubalin. Riban Tsara - Sanarwar Shiga, In mun gwada da ƙarancin farashin kayan
Lokacin da aka gano a bangon ukun, rufin a cikin yankin na waje yana rufe tare da tiley kusa da tubalin ko kusa da mafita.
Ma'adin na ma'adinai yana da babban tsayawa tsayawa da kuma misalai ma'aurata, waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye kaddarorin rufe kaddarorin.
Dutse yana nufin aji na kayan aiki marasa aiki - a cikin wannan pre-dukiya a gaban gilashi (ma'adini).
Ƙarfafa
A kowane masonry, dole ne a ƙarfafa babban Layer a kwance kuma yana da alaƙa da fuska. Don haɓaka masonry, Karfe da Basaltoplalic mynry msh, karfe, waya, ana amfani da kayan filastik. Idan akwai hanyar samun iska, kawai bakin ciki ya kamata a yi amfani da su, tunda lalata a cikin yanayin iska wanda ba warwatse masara ko wayoyi 20 a cikin shekaru 20.
A gaban rake na iska, wajibi ne don ƙarfafa masonry, ta hanyar haɗin bakin bakin ciki, kamar grid mara nauyi.
Ko takalmin galvanized.
Ko sandunan polymer.
Ya kamata a sanya grid a cikin seamry seams a cikin wani matakin ba a tsaye fiye da 60 cm a tsaye fiye da layuka uku na tubers - tare da anchors mataki tsakanin yadudduka - tare da mataki iri ɗaya da kusan 65 cm a sarari. Koyaya, idan girman rata a ƙarƙashin rufin da kuma rarar iska ta wuce 10 cm, yawan hanyoyin haɗi ya ƙaru da 20-30%.
Barin iska ta shiga
Shin ina buƙatar rata iska a bango mai rufi? Wani lokaci Ee, wani lokacin babu - gwargwadon tsarin bango. Ana buƙatar ƙayyadadden aƙalla 30 mm idan tsakiyar Layer ya ƙunshi rufi na ma'adinai. Akwai da yaushe alama mai laushi na moisturizing wani abu mai ɗorawa tare da ɗakuna daga wuraren zama (tare da babban aku a cikin seam da ke rufe ƙasa. Kuma godiya ga Vintzor, rufi zai iya bushe kuma ba zai rasa kaddarorin ba.
A cikin bango biyu-Layer, ana buƙatar ventzor ɗin idan juriya na Layer yana da mahimmanci (sama da 30%) sama da samuwar samarwa a kan iyakarsu.
Tabbatarwar iska dole ne ya sami shigarwar da wuraren fashewa. Zai fi kyau a bar seam na tsaye a tsaye a cikin masonry kuma ku rufe ganyen bakin ƙarfe - irin waɗannan abubuwan ba a ganuwa a kan facade. Bugu da kari, inpadensate na iya tara a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren rata, don haka masonry a nan dole ne ya zama mai hana ruwa tare da mastic ko masarautar da ke da kyau; Hakanan, tashoshi don cire ruwa, waɗanda aka shirya tare da mataki na 2-3 m).
Mataimakin Mata na ado yana da babban yawa kuma mara kyau ya rasa ma'aurata.
Idan an yi rigakafin masonry na masonry, alal misali, daga tubalan mai mai, rarar iska tsakanin yadudduka ake buƙata.
Kwatanta Masaton Layaring Masonry tare da wasu nau'ikan
A cikin Masonry daga titin (Versa na waje), a matsayin mai mulkin, akwai mai tsayayyen bulo, kuma daga gefen ginin gidan (verner verst) - mai haske . Dukkanin shimfidar duka suna da manyan kauri da kuma su da isasshen ƙarfi; Overlapping da rufin yawanci zana kawai akan toshe.
Gas-salicate, yawancin kayan sanannun don babban Layer na ganuwar - toshe haske.
Keramzito-kankare
Lankwasa yumbu
Irin wannan bangon ba sa bukatar facade ƙare kuma ba sa bukatar gyaran a duk hidimarsu. A cikin sigar warmed (tare da tsakiyar Layer na kumfa ko ulu na ma'adinai), rufi ana kiyaye kariya daga wuta da yanayin yanayi. Amma bangon dutse mai daɗin haske yana da tsada kuma yana buƙatar tushe mai ƙarfi. Yawanci, ribbon Foundation na zurfin ƙasa ko kuma monolithic karfafa kankare na 300-500 mm an gina slab da kauri, zabi ya dogara da fannin gidan da nau'in ƙasa. A ƙasa mai narkewa, tare da hadadden tsari na ginin, mai tsada-da tsada mai tsada na iya buƙatar tushe.
A lokacin da gini daga tubalin da tubalin lumper akan tafiyar matakai, masu tallafawa litattafai na overlaps da rufin da kansu ana yin su ne galibi ana yin su sosai daga kankare.
Shimfiɗa
Kuma idan kun yi Layer na Masonry? Bayan duk, ganuwar, ninka kawai daga toshe kawai, don kare, lafiya don adanawa a kan tushe da kansu zasu kashe mai rahusa. Wannan kawai gidan dole ne ya zama tinting akai-akai, kuma bayan shekaru 20-30, maido da filastar na iya buƙatar. Tayal taye a kan manne ne kuma mafi dawwama fiye da Brickwork. Amma ga facade, lokacin amfani da abubuwan da aka gyara (firam bakin bakin ciki (madaukakin bakin ciki da dutse na wucin gadi) wannan ƙirar zai kashe 10-30% na ƙwararrun ƙima daga tashar birni.
Zai fi dacewa a ci gaba da Masonry lokaci tare da babba, amma an ba shi damar haɗa bulo kuma tuni ya shirya gini.
Brickwork tare da rufi
A madadin haka, ana iya la'akari da Masonry Moncing tare da babban Layer tolicks (a cikin bulo na ciki) da facade ko facade ko facade ko factade na ciki zai buƙaci gyara, da kuma rufin ciki ba wanda ya fi so dangane da microclimate a cikin gidan.
Block bango, da kumfa, ya zama ba a rasa tururi, amma na iya sha danshi daga iska iska. Sabili da haka, irin wannan gidan yana da kyawawa don ba da tsarin don samun iska kuma ba a ba da izinin zafi a cikin wuraren wasan fiye da 45%.
Sandwic
Ofaya daga cikin madadin masonry shine amfani da ƙwallon sandwich yanki. Mafi mashahuri abin da ake kira zafin jiki ne-Lays-Layer-Layer-Layer-Layer-Layerzite daga Ceramzite ("Maɗaukaki"). Ganuwar daga wannan kayan suna da kyawawan abubuwan ƙirar thermal da ƙarfi. Halin masonry ya ta'allaka ne da cewa kawai sassan jikin katangar suna ɗaure da mafita, kuma tsakiyar seam ba a bar komai ba ko kuma a cika kumfa. A cikin sasanninta da kuma rami na musamman ana buƙatar, waɗanda aka rufe na musamman, a cikin abin da rufin ke rufe ba kawai daga gaban gefen, amma daga ɗaya daga gefe. Kuma tunda ba shi yiwuwa raba daidai toshe, kuma yana da wuya a yanke, kuma an gama al'ada. Wadannan abubuwa suna ba da cikakken kuma rage ƙasa, kuma ganuwar tana girma 1.5-2 sau da sauri tare da kwanciya na al'ada tare da rufi. A debe na bangon zafi yana da ƙarfi juriya ga girman afte. Bugu da kari, suna buƙatar zane, sabili da haka ci gaba da lokaci.
A cikin sanwicable na sandwich, an haɗa yadudduka tare da Castle "wasochka wutsiya" ko jinginar jinginar fil.
Bugu da kari, sun ƙulla tare da juna. Kamar yadda yake a yanayin juzu'i na bala'i, dole ne a ƙarfafa masonry ta hanyar grid ta hanyar layuka biyu ko uku.
Don haka, idan kun yanke shawarar gina "gidan don ƙarni", to, ya fi kyau a sami masonry mai warkewa. Amma ya zama dole don zaɓar kayan da fasaha na gini a hankali, masanin kulawar gini yana da kyau, ba ya hana kuma sarrafa aikin da kansa.
Kirill Partyov, Shugaban Kasuwancin Fasaha "Polymer Netalation" na Technonikol
A cikin ƙananan-tashi gini, tsarin layer-Layer a matsayin mai ɗaukar nauyi na ginin. A wannan yanayin, abin da aka makala ya ta'allaka ne a jikin bango, masonry yana ci gaba a kan gaba ɗaya na gidan. Za'a haɗa Masonry Outer zuwa ga rigunan ciki na ɗaukakawa masu sassauƙa daga Basaltoplasty. Wannan sashin yana goyan bayan rufin a cikin aikin. Lokacin da aka yarda da fasaha, tsarin rayuwa ya wuce shekara 50. A cikin masonry mai-Layer ya danganta da abin da aka buga biyu, da samuwar gada mai sanyi mai yiwuwa ne. Sabili da haka, a gefen farantin kankare, ya zama dole don kafa uwargidan zafi na wuya mai amfani da kumfa polystyrene kumfa.