Sithola ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibandakanya ukubeka okuyisisekelo, noma ngabe ukuqiniswa kanye nomoya omncane kuyadingeka kulo, futhi futhi kuqhathaniswa nezici zokubekwa okuyisisekelo nezinye izinketho zokwakha.
Izindonga zezitini ziye zaba uphawu lokuqina, kepha zizodwa kabi, kepha zibiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla i-Stone House yakhiwa, ihlanganisa amabhlogo amancane ahlukene futhi imvamisa ukufudumeza odongeni, ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bubizwa ngokuthi yi-masonry ebekiwe.
Izakhi ze-masonry ezibunjiwe
Emlandweni ophakathi nendawo, izinto ezithandwa kakhulu zama-verst angaphakathi ezi-masonry zingamabhulokhi wegesi athulile we-brand d500 no-D600, kanye namabhulokhi ase-ceramic. Okwe-Outdoor Versts asebenzisa isitini esibomvu, ophuzi no-clinker. Vele, okunye, inhlanganisela engaphezulu kakhudlwana, efana nama-polystyrere kanye namabhulokhi ahlanganisiwe afakiwe. Ama-masonry we-verts angaphakathi afiseleka ukuhola endaweni ekhethekile "efudumele" yokungena (kukhona ukuxutshwa okukhethekile okuqediwe kwamabhulokhi abunjiwe wegesi kanye nama-ceramic), kanye nesitini sobuso - okhalweni lukasimende Ukusuka ngaphakathi, izindonga ezinjalo zivame ukufakwa ngodaka noma zithathwe nge-drywall (uma ukuphazamiseka kungenzeka ekusebenzeni kokushisa, okukhethwa kukho kokuqala kukhethwa).
Ama-masonry ahlanzekile owenziwe ngezitini nama-cerarcoblocks: 1 - Ubhekene nezitini ezilahliwe; 2 - Igebe lezobuchwepheshe (lokuqondanisa) eligcwele isixazululo; 3 - Ukuqinisa igridi ye-basaltoplastic; 4 - Ibhlokhi elakhiwe ngo-ceramic.
Ubumbano obugqikele benziwe ngezitini nama-cerarcoblocks nge-slab ukufaka: 1 - Ubhekene nezitini ezilahliwe; 2 - Ibhlokhi ephelile ye-Ceramic; 3 - Amapuleti eboya amaminerali anobukhulu obungu-100 mm; 4 - Izimo eziguqukayo ze-basaltoplastic ukuxhumana nge-latch yokufakelwa.
Ama-masonry abunjiwe enziwe ngamabhlogo wezitini namagwebu ngokufakwa kwe-slab: 1 - Uphiko lukakhonkolo lukaFoam; 2 - amapuleti oboya bezimbiwa abanobukhulu obungu-100 mm; 3 - I-Clinker Brick; 4 - Izimo eziguqukayo ze-basaltoplastic ukuxhumana nge-latch yokufakelwa.
Ama-masonry ahlanzeke enziwe ngezitini namabhulokhi: 1 - ukuqubuka nge-liner yokufakelwa okushisayo; 2 - Izitini ezigcwele zobuso; I-3 - Ukuxhunyaniswa okuguquguqukayo kwe-polymer; 4 - Polystyrere Bonts.
Ukubekwa kwe-lamiated kwamabhulokhi kakhonkolo ngokufakwa okugelezayo: 1 - I-vibropress block (Itshe le-Facade); 2 - ukuxhumeka kocingo okwenziwe ngocingo; 3 - I-vermiculite evulekile; 4 - I-Foam ukhonkolo block;
Ubumbano obugqikele benziwe ngezitini namabhulokhi nge-slab infa yokufaka: 1 - ubuso obuyize bumba isitini; 2 - Izimo eziguqukayo ze-polymer; 3 - amapuleti e-EPPs; 4 - Curamzit ukhonkolo block.
Njengomthetho, kuyadingeka ukuthi izibopho eziphakathi kwezendlalelo ziguquguquke, uma kungenjalo umehluko ku-shrinkage kanye nokwanda okushisayo kwezinto zokwakha kungaholela ekwakhekeni kokuqhekeka.
Idizayini enobungqingili kabili ayihlali ikwenza kwenzeke ukwenza izinkambiso zanamuhla zokuvimbela ukushisa. Isibonelo, udonga lwamabhulokhi e-porotherm kanye nezitini ezibhekene nezitini ezinobukhulu obungu-50 cm (38 + 12 cm) kunokumelana nokushisa kokushisa okungu-2.9 m2 • okungukuthi, ezimweni zeMosco kanye nezifunda zaseLeningrad, akuhlangabezani nezidingo ze-Joint Venture 50.13330.2012 "Ukuvikelwa kwezakhiwo" (3.2 m2 • ° C / W).
Ama-masonry amabhulokhi e-ceramic ku-foam asatshalaliswa eYurophu, lapho amabhlogo anobubanzi obuqondile, kusukela ngemuva kokudubula badabula ukugaya.
Sine-masonry kwi-glue efudumele, okuvumela ukwehluka kobukhulu bemithungo ukuvumelanisa umugqa.
Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kwezingqimba ezintathu kubandakanyeka lapho ukufakwa khona kwakhiwe phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili zamatshe - amapuleti ama-cotton wool noma i-foam (dustapaving polystyrere Foam, e-polysocyanurate, njll.). Ukumelana nokushisa okushisayo kodonga lwe-foam block (30 + 12 cm) ngesendlalelo sokufakwa kwesigaxa esingu-5 cm ngu-3.4-3.8 m2 • ° C / W.
Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokuphakama, ukubekwa kwezitini kobuso kungcono kusisombululo esikhethekile ngezithasiselo ezibopha usawoti.
U-Igo Rogozhin, Unjiniyela Omkhulu we-KSK-BLOCK
Ukuze uthuthukise izakhiwo zokufakwa okushisayo kwezindonga, akudingekile ukufaka ungqimba owengeziwe ekwakhiweni - kungenzeka ukwandisa ubukhulu besendlalelo esikhulu sesakhiwo senhlamba noma usebenzise amabhlogo abule abuna kuwo, ngokwesibonelo, i-D400 Imikhiqizo exhumeke igesi noma ama-thermo aphelelwe yi-Ceramic. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokuqala, inani lamabhokisi hhayi kuphela amabhokisi endlu azokwanda, kodwa futhi nesisekelo asitholi ngokomnotho. Futhi ku-Isithwali Sesithwali sodonga ngeke kwanele ukubona umthwalo kusuka ekungeneni okuhlangene nophahla - kuzodingeka ukuhlela i-armojois eqinisiwe, okuzodinga izindleko zokufakwa kwezimbiwa kwamaminerali ). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukusungula noma yiziphi iziduduzo zokwakha nezinhlaka ezinkulu ezinjengeminyango yegaraji.
Ukukhetha kokufakelwa
Uboya obunamaminerali bubiza kakhulu, ngaphansi kwezitshalo ze-foam zekhono lokufakwa okushisayo futhi wesaba umswakama (kuyadingeka ukubuyela engxoxweni esizobuya ngayo), kodwa empeleni akuthinti ukuvela kodonga. Futhi i-polyfoam ayiphuthelwa umusi futhi ngokweqiniso ikhiya umswakama ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo esiyinhloko sesakhiwo esivaliwe (yize ekusebenzeni kodonga kwenzeka kuphela ngophunga lokungena komoya omncane nokushisa).
Lapho ufaka indlu yamabhulokhi e-ceramzite, amapuleti e-polystyrene aqhutshwa ngaphandle komoya omncane.
Ngokwengeziwe, ukunqamula okushisayo okufakwayo kwama-jumpers awadingi.
I-Belt Gain ingenziwa ngezitini. Izinzuzo Zokwakhiwa - Ukufakwa kalula, izindleko eziphansi kakhulu zezinto zokwakha kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokufakelwa okushisayo
Lapho ama-discovers odongeni olungu-ezintathu-ungqimba, ukufakwa endaweni yemithambeka yangaphandle kuvaliwe nge-tiley eduze kwezitini noma eduze nesisombululo.
Uboya obunamaminerali bunokumelana okuphezulu kokushisa nokuphuthelwa imibhangqwana, okusiza ukugcina ukushisa okufaka izakhiwo zodonga.
UWool wamatshe ubhekisa ekilasini lezinto ezingekho emthethweni - kuleli mpahla yalo yangaphambi kwengilazi phambi kwengilazi (i-quartz).
Ukuqinisa
Kunoma yikuphi ukuhlakanipha, isendlalelo esikhulu kufanele siqiniswe ngokuvundlile futhi sihlotshaniswa naso. Ukuze uthuthukise ama-masonry, insimbi kanye ne-basaltoplastic masonry mesh, amapuleti ensimbi, ucingo, kufakwa ama-plastiki. Uma kukhona igebe lokungena komoya, kuphela izibopho ezingenasici kufanele zisetshenziswe, ngoba ukugqwala endaweni yomoya emanzi kungaholela ekubhujisweni okuphelele kwe-masonry mesh noma ukuvala ucingo ngeminyaka engama-20.
Lapho kukhona igebe lokungena komoya, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ama-masonry, ngokuxhumeka okungagqwali, njengegridi yensimbi yensimbi.
Noma izinduku ezakhiwe.
Noma izinduku ze-polymer.
Igridi emisebeni ye-Masonry kufanele ibekwe esigabeni esingadluli kuma-60 cm ngokuqondile (okungukuthi, akukho ngaphansi kwezintambo ezimbalwa zamabhulokhi), kanye nama-anchor noma izintambo ezilinganayo phakathi kwezendlalelo cm ngokuvundlile. Kodwa-ke, uma ubukhulu begebe ngaphansi kokufakelwa kanye negebe lokungena komoya kudlula i-10 cm, inani lezixhumanisi likhuphuke ngo-20-30%.
Ukupholisa
Ngabe ngidinga igebe lokungena komoya odongeni olubunjiwe? Kwesinye isikhathi yebo, kwesinye isikhathi cha - kuya ngokwakhiwa kodonga. Ukuvunwa okungenani kwe-30 mm kuyadingeka uma isendlalelo esiphakathi siqukethe ukufakwa koboya bezimbiwa kwamaminerali. Kuhlala kukhona amathuba okuthambisa impahla evuthayo enamakamelo avela kuleso sakhiwo (esine-parrot ephezulu engxenyeni yangaphakathi) nemvula ngemithumo ebekwe uphawu ebheke. Futhi ngenxa ye-vintzor, ukufakwa kuzokwazi ukoma futhi ngeke kulahlekelwe yizakhiwo zayo.
Odongeni olunobungqingili, i-ventzor iyadingeka uma ukumelana kwesendlalelo se-punching kuyinto enkulu (ngaphezu kwama-30%) ngaphezulu kwenkomba efanayo engxenyeni eyinhloko emngceleni wazo.
Ukuvunyelwa komoya okuvuthayo kumele kube nemibono yokufaka nokuphuma. Kungcono ukushiya ama-seams angenalutho kuma-masonry wobuso bese uvala ama-grill abo ensimbi engagqwali - ukusungula okunjalo cishe akubonakali ku-facade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-condensate ingahle inqwabelana engxenyeni engezansi yegebe, ngakho-ke ama-masonry lapha kufanele afake amanzi nge-mastic noma esongelwe ngokwengeziwe ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-10 ukusuka ezansi kwe-10 cm kusuka phansi komoya omncane; Futhi, iziteshi zokususa amanzi, ezihlelwe ngesinyathelo 2-3 m).
Isitini se-Clinker Clinker sinobukhulu obuphakeme futhi baphuthelwa kabi imibhangqwana.
Uma kwenziwa i-vest yangaphakathi kwama-masonry, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka emabhulokini ama-gesi-silatic, igebe lokungena ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo liyadingeka.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-masonled anezinhlobo
Ku-masonled masonry kusuka emgaqweni (iVersta yangaphandle), njengomthetho, kunesitayela sokuhlobisa umoya, ngokwesibonelo, isitini esibhekene nesitini, futhi kusukela ohlangothini lwezakhiwo (ngaphakathi kwe-verts) - ukwakhiwa okukhanyayo nokushisa . Zombili lezi zingqimba zinobukhulu obukhulu futhi zinamandla anele; Ukugqagqana nophahla kuvame ukudweba kuphela emabhulokhi.
Izinto ezisiwe-silindile, ezidumile kakhulu zesendlalelo esikhulu sezindonga - amabhlokhi akhanyayo.
Ukhonkolo-ukhonkolo
Potted ceramic
Izindonga ezinjalo azidingi ukuqeda i-facade futhi akudingi ukulungiswa kuyo yonke insizakalo yazo. Ngohlobo olufudumele (olunongqimba oluphakathi lwe-foam noma i-mineral wol), ukufakwa kuvikelwe ngokuthembekile ekulakeni nasekulimaleni isimo sezulu. Kepha izindonga zamatshe ezihlanganisiwe ziyabiza futhi zidinga isisekelo esinamandla. Imvamisa, isisekelo se-Ribbon sokwehla okujulile noma okuqinisiwe kwe-monolithic okuqinisiwe okunobukhulu bama-300-500 mm akhiwe noma anciphile, kepha ngamaphiko - ukhetho luncike endaweni yendlu nohlobo lwenhlabathi. Emhlabathini wexhaphozi, ngokucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesakhiwo, kungadingeka inqwaba kanye nesisekelo esibi kakhulu.
Lapho kwakhiwa izitini kanye nezitini ze-jumper ngezinqubo, ukuthwala amakholomu, amabhande asekelayo we-skereps nophahla, kanye nokugqagqana ngokwawo kuvame ukwenziwa kusuka kukhonkolo oqinisiwe.
Ungwengwezi
Futhi uma wenza ungqimba olulodwa lwama-masonry? Ngemuva kwakho konke, izindonga, ezisongelwe kuphela kusuka emabhulokhi akhanyayo, bese kulungiswa kahle, zivikele kahle emakhazeni, ngenkathi zisindisa ukusindisa phezu kwazo futhi zona zizobiza zishibhile. Leyo ndlu nje kuzodingeka ukuthi ihlungwe njalo, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20- 30, ukubuyiselwa kodaka kungadingeka. I-Tile Cladding ku-glue nayo ayihlala isikhathi eside kunesitini. Ngokuqondene ne-facade ebekiwe, lapho usebenzisa izakhi eziphezulu (ifreyimu engenasici kanye ne-fasteners plus clinker tile noma itshe lokufakelwa) Lo mklamo uzobiza ama-clinker abiza ama-clinker agcwele.
Ilungile ngokwengeziwe ukugcina ubumbano bobuso ngasikhathi sinye ne-Main One, kepha luvunyelwe ukunamathisela isitini futhi selivele selilungele ukwakha.
Umsebenzi wesitini ngokufakelwa
Ngenye indlela, ama-masonry abuyiselwe futhi angabhekwa njengethango elinongqimba oluyinhloko lwezitini ezijwayelekile (ngesitini esisodwa noma ingxenye eyodwa yesitini) kanye ne-facade noma i-facade yangaphakathi, kodwa i-facade efudumele izodinga ukulungiswa, futhi ukufakwa kwangaphakathi akudingeki ngokuyinhloko ngokuya nge-microclimate endlini.
Vimba izindonga, ezifakwe i-foam, cishe ungaphuthelwa umusi, kepha ungamunca umswakama ovela egumbini lekamelo. Ngakho-ke, le ndlu enjalo iyathandeka ukuhlomisa uhlelo lokuphoqelela lolokhi futhi aluvumeli ebusika ukwandisa umswakama emagcekeni angaphezu kwama-45%.
I-Sandwich block
Enye yezindlela zokunye ezibuyiselwe ama-masonry ukusetshenziswa kwamabhulokhi ama-sandwich amancane. Ama-tureblocks athandwa kakhulu abizwa ngama-heather ayimikhiqizo emithathu evela kukhonkolo we-ceramzite (plated) kanye ne-polystyrenererererere ("Middle"). Izindonga ezivela kulokhu okuqukethwe zinezakhiwo ezinhle zokufaka okushisayo kanye namandla aphezulu. Ukucaciswa kwama-masonry kutholakala eqinisweni lokuthi izingxenye zekhonkolo kuphela zebhulokhi eziboshelwe isixazululo, futhi maphakathi nomthungo kushiywe zingenalutho noma zigcwalise igwebu elikhuphukayo. Emakhoneni nasemigodini, kudingeka imikhiqizo ekhethekile, lapho ukufakwa khona kuvalwa hhayi kuphela ohlangothini olungaphambili, kodwa futhi kusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Futhi njengoba kungenzeki ukwahlukanisa impela ibhulokhi, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukusika phansi, futhi ama-halves aqediwe ayadingeka. Lawa ma-nuances enza ukwakhiwa okuphelele futhi anciphise ukwakhiwa, futhi namanje izindonga zikhula izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 zishesha ngokushesha kunokubekwa okujwayelekile okufakwayo. Ama-minus odongeni lwe-herlecloth ukumelana okuphezulu eVapor Permoptional. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga ukupenda, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukubuyiselwa kwezikhathi ezithile.
Evikini le-sandwich, izingqimba zixhumene nenqaba yokuthi "umsila we-OTOCOCHKA" noma izikhonkwane zokuqinisa imali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlanganiswa ndawonye. Njengasendabeni yamabhulokhi ajwayelekile, ama-masonry kumele aqiniswe ngegridi ngemigqa emibili noma emithathu.
Ngakho-ke, uma uthatha isinqumo sokwakha "indlu yekhulu leminyaka", kungcono ukuthola ama-masonry abunjiwe. Kepha kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha ngokucophelela, ukugadwa kwezakhiwo kuyinto efiselekayo, akuvimbi nokulawula umsebenzi uqobo.
I-Kirill Paramonov, inhloko yokuqondiswa kwenkonzo yezobuchwepheshe "I-Polymer Ukuhlukaniswa" kweTechnikol
Ekwakhiweni okuphansi okuphansi, uhlelo lokubeka izindlu ezintathu lungakhiwa njengento yenethiwekhi yesakhiwo. Kulokhu, ukugqama kususelwa ngaphakathi kodonga, ama-masonry angaphandle aqhubekayo kukho konke ukuphakama kwendlu. Ama-masonry angaphandle azoxhunywa ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi zezibopho eziguqukayo kusuka ku-basaltoPhasty. Le nto ingeza ngokwengeziwe ukufakwa endaweni yephrojekthi. Lapho ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe, impilo yempilo idlula iminyaka engama-50. Kuma-masonry angqimba amabili asuselwa ekuqedeni, ukwakheka kwebhuloho elibandayo kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, onqenqemeni lwepuleti ekhonkolo eqinisiwe, kuyadingeka ukusungula i-Thermal Lady of Hard Extresion Polystyrene Foam ene-arractivity ephansi.