Ambiri akuganiza ngati zingatheke kuti mumange nthawi yozizira. Mutha, ndi nyumba zonse za njerwa ndi mawonekedwe. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira matekinoloje omanga pamiteke yotsika yomwe tidzanena.
Chithunzi: Andrei Shevchenko, kampani yomanga "Gaerant"
Kodi ndizotheka kumanga nthawi yozizira? Malingaliro a akatswiri amachepetsedwa ku izi: ndizotheka, koma pokhapokha ngati mukuwona malamulo apadera ochititsaukadaulo yochititsaukadaulo. Ku Sweden ndi Finland, omwe ali ofanana ndi madera ambiri a Russia, "osavomerezeka" otsika nthawi yayitali amakhala ozungulira. Pangani matabwa (kuphatikizapo chimango), kuphatikiza ndi mitundu ya rafter, komanso kumapiri okwanira ozizira kwambiri chisanu sichisokoneza. Kutenthetsa kutentha ndikovuta kugwira ntchito ndi konkriti, ndizosafunikira kuti zisungunuke ndikuyika chingwe chosinthika, ndizosatheka kuthira pansi ndikutsirizika ndi mwala kapena matayala.
Ngati ataganiza zosiya ntchito nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti malo omanga iyenera kutsekemera: kutsekedwa ndi kutseka kwakanthawi. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Momwe Mungakitsire Maziko Omwe Chisanu
Zowonjezera zoletsa anti-chisanu zimawonjezeredwa konkriti, komanso magupute kuti muwonjezere kayendedwe ka zinthu ndi zinthu, zimathandizira kuti mphamvu ikhale. Chithunzi: Plitonit.
Maziko a nyumbayo ndi maziko, omwe makamaka amapangidwa konkriti. Pansi pa 5 ° C, muyenera kuyang'ana njira zapadera za konkriti. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la kutentha. Pakukonzekera kwake, madzi, mchenga wosweka amadzola. Poterepa, kutentha kwa konkriti sikuyenera kupitirira 40 ° C ndikukhala pansi pa 20 ° C, apo ayi kusuntha kwake. Ntchito ya wopanga - kupanga ofunda mwachangu momwe angathere pamalo omanga. Mtengo wa konkriti woterewu ndi wokwera pafupifupi 30% poyerekeza ndi chilimwe. Kuti muwonetsetse bwino kuti muli ndi mphamvu, konkriti imathiridwa mu maziko a preheated ndikupirira mafomuwo.
Mukamayika mawindo ndi zitseko ndi zipika zogona, musachite popanda thonje la polyurethane, zinthu zazikulu zomwe ndi chisanu, fupa, zotulutsa ndi kachulukidwe. Chithunzi: "Mayendedwe - Pro"
Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito konkriti yozizira yomwe owonjezera ozizira ozizira (owonjezera owonjezera) amayambitsidwa, kutsika madzi ndikusintha mphamvu ya simenti. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zochokera pa sodium nitrite, kaboni dayokisi, sodium chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera ngati zotere. Ndikofunika kuchitapo kanthu mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa unyinji wa konkriti ndi zowonjezera chisanu. Ngati zinthu sizokwanira, konkriti imayamba kuwononga ndi njira yopangira mwala wa simenti itha.
Osakhazikika konkriti amatsimikizira kugawa yunifolomu ya zowonjezera za antiorosroal zowonjezera mu kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza. Chithunzi: Sika.
Zima ndi nthawi yoyenera kudula mpingo, komwe wapatsa manyazi. Pamiyala yolumikizirana yolumikizirana ndiyofunika kugwiritsa ntchito tepi ya Jute. Chithunzi: "Gulu la Lona"
Kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera chisanu kumalola kuti azigwira ntchito kutentha kwa mpweya mpaka -25 ° C, komabe, luso la masitepe ozizira ndi loipa kuposa mnzake wamisala. Chifukwa chake, pali zoletsa zingapo pakugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyi. Chifukwa chake, konkriti yokhala ndi zowonjezera za antiorosal zowonjezera sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulu owonetseratu, komanso m'magulu omwe ali ndi katundu wamphamvu. Ngati sodium chloride kapena calcium chloride amachita monga zowonjezera, ndiye kuti sing'anga zoterezi sizingapangitse zolumikizira za zojambulajambula zowonetsera, zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi chitetezo chapadera, ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kupanga zinthu zapadera, pamtunda zomwe siziloledwa.
Kusakaniza kwa konkriti ndi zowonjezera za antiorrodal kumatha kulamulidwa pafakitale (mtengo wapakatikati palimodzi ndi kutumiza mkati mwa 40-50 km kuchokera ku mbewu - kuchokera ku 5500 ma rubles. Pa 1 m3), mwachitsanzo, ndi Anasambitsa maziko ang'ono kapena ovomerezeka odzaza maziko. Zowonjezera zonse zimagulitsidwa m'matumba ndi malangizo, kutsatira zomwe zimagwira ngati chinsinsi chopanga mawonekedwe olimba a Monolithic. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito "konkriti" kozizira? Unyinji umayikidwa mu mafomuwo komanso otetezeka. Kutentha kwa kusakaniza kwa chisindikizo kuyenera kupitilira kutentha kwa madzi am'madzi a antiorrosric zowonjezera osachepera 5 ° C G. Pamwamba pa konkriti, osatetezedwa ndi mafomu, amaphimbidwa kuti apewe kuzizira. Concete amasungidwa pansi pa pobisalira mpaka muyeso womwe ungathe kufikidwira.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono ndikosavuta kusonkhana, koma osateteza konkriti kuzizira. Chithunzi: izmba de luxe
Chifukwa chake, gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yachisanu, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi pampu yosakaniza
Kenako, riboni yamaziko imatsekedwa ndi filimu yolimba ya PVC kuti ithetse kugwa ndikuchepetsa kutsitsa kotentha
M'madzi oyenda m'malire (kuchokera ku +3 ° C), ° C), mutha kudzaza base. Nthawi yomweyo kutsanulira ndikukulitsidwa pilo lamchenga
Phiri lamphamvu kwambiri
Adayikidwa konkriti ndi anti-frosecles owonjezera
Komabe, maziko a maziko nthawi yozizira ndi njira yovuta komanso nthawi yopumira. Mtengo wa ma crennes kapena kupindika ndi kukula kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale kwa okumba, dothi lotchinga lomwe linang'ambika imatha kupanga vuto lalikulu. Gawani zogawika pamanja zovuta zonse: Dziko lapansi lidzafunika kuleka scrap. Palibe ntchito yotentha machesi ake, ndipo chipangizo cha hema wotenthetsera mufilimuyo chikhala chokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Njira zoterezi zolira nthawi yachisanu, monga kuwombeza kwamagetsi kwa osakaniza ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a thermosetotrat, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo samadzilungamitsa pantchito zokwera.
Monga njira ina yokokerani, ndizotheka kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito maziko othamanga ndi utoto wa scaperer. Zowona, zimangoyenera kuwunika (mapangidwe, otetezera) ndi moyo wowerengeredwa zaka 60.
Mangani makhoma a zinthu monga chithovu ndi cholembera cholondola cha Ceramite, mutha. Zowona, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti zokongoletsera ndi zidutswa zam'maso zimakutidwa ndipo sizipangidwa pamtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka yankho ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa ku zomata zapadera za nthawi yachisanu ndi zosankhidwa za simenti. Chithunzi: "Hebel-block"
Pazinthu za konkriti
Konkriti ndi zomangayesa ndi zida zotetezeka kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Kutentha koyipa, madzi omwe ali m'mapangidwe awo amayamba kuzizira. Pankhaniyi, madziwo amawonjezeka voliyumu ndi 9%, ndipo kupanikizika kukulira panja kumawononga kapangidwe kake kosakanikirana. Frost ndi koopsa kolondola kwatsopano. Pambuyo pofika mphamvu 50%, kutengera kutentha kochepa silofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti unyinji wa simenti pang'onopang'ono, kupatula njira ya simenti hydration - expothermic, kotero kuti osakaniza amadzisankhira.
Cererate konkrite. Chithunzi: "simenti plu"
Mawonekedwe a njerwa
Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zotentha zofunda - "kuzizira" komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zapadera. Chinsinsi cha oyamba ndi motere. Mpikisano wamba wamchenga wokhala ndi kutentha kwabwino panthawi ya ntchito, posakhalitsa kumazizira m'masowo ndi kumangiriza kwambiri mu kasupe pambuyo pa ma spraps atatu, komanso nthawi yozizira. Kuti kutentha kwa yankho kunalibe nthawi yoti mugwe pansi pa kuwerengetsa, omangawo amayendetsa timathamanga. Yankho lokonzekera liyenera kudyedwa kwa mphindi 20-30.
Akatswiri ambiri amasintha m'malingaliro kuti kuyika kwa njira yozizira ndibwino kuti musatsogolere. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi kuzizira mwachangu kwa mawonekedwe atsopano mu seams, osakaniza a binder ndi mchenga wopentedwa ndi ayezi amapangidwa. Njira yothetseratu imataya pulasitiki, misozi yopingasa osalumikizidwa mokwanira, ndipo ikakhwimitsa, amapaka mphamvu ya zomangazi, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa chiwopsezo champhamvu komanso kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake.
Gawo losankhidwa likhoza kuyikidwa pa yankho la kutentha pamoto kutentha osatsika -5 ° C. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Njira yachiwiri imaphatikizapo kuyambitsa mwa njira yowonjezera yowonjezera, imathamangitsa njira ya simenti yolimba. Zikomo kwa iwo, ili ndi nthawi yolimbikitsidwa kutentha (mpaka -10 ° C). Koma zoletsa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi konkriti "zozizira" zomwe zimapezekanso. Makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera ma antiositoal owonjezera kumatha kuwoneka olemera mbali yakutsogolo kwa masoka. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza koteroko kwa mitundu ina yamiyala kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi bungwe la polojekiti.
Nthawi yozizira
Dongosolo la rafter m'nthawi yozizira imatha kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zilizonse. Koma zomangira zamatabwa zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Popeza nthawi -20 ... -25 ° ° ° chinyezi chinyezi chinyezi chinyezi chinyezi chinyezi chimamayimira zovuta zina - mtengo umatha kupatsa mavuto. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuchita ntchito yopanga dongosolo la rafter pabwino kwambiri. Monga denga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zilizonse kupatula matayala ang'ono.
Mukakhazikitsa padenga la matanga a silenti-amchere, zidutswa za zinthuzo zimagawidwanso pa ndege ya skate, kuti nthawi ya opareshoni musasunthire zinthuzo pakugwira ntchito. Chithunzi: Tatyana Karakuluva / DREDA Media
Kukhazikika kumayamba kuchokera ku cornice tiles, komwe kumakhazikika ndi zomata ndi anti-anti-otsutsa
Mbali (kutsogolo) matumba tating'ono timakhudzidwanso ndi chidwi cha kutonthoza.
Afe pulasitiki aeroe, wogwira ntchito padenga la padenga
Chithovu chophika chisanu
Pali nthawi yozizira, chilimwe komanso chiwanda chonse pamsika. Chithovu cha dzinja chimatha kutchulidwa kwambiri, chifukwa ndikololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa -10 ° C (mu opanga angapo kuchokera -25 ° C) mpaka -30 ° C) M'nyengo yozizira, chinyezi chimakhala chochepa, ndipo kapangidwe kake kumafunikira chinyezi. Chikopa chozizira chimasiyana ndi chilimwe chomwe chimagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta, ngakhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Ndikofunikira kumvetsera mwachidziwitso kuti kutentha kwa baluni kuyenera kukhala, chifukwa nyimbo zambiri musanagwiritse ntchito ziyenera kutenthedwa. Opanga ena amatsimikizira kuti chithovu chawo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa -20 ° C, koma baluni ayenera kukhala ofunda. Pankhaniyi, simudzakhala ndi nthawi yocheza ndi baluni yonse, chifukwa iyo idzazirala mwachangu. Tisaiwale kuti cholembera chisanu ndi moyo wa alumali posachedwa kuposa chilimwe.Kupanga nyumba yamatabwa nthawi yozizira
Zithunzi zopangidwa ndi mitengo youma imawopa mvula komanso chinyezi chachikulu, osati chisanu. Chithunzi: "simenti plu"
Landirani shrazage chipika chatsopano ndichofunikira miyezi itatu iliyonse, kuphatikiza nthawi yozizira. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kusintha kusintha mafoni ndikuwona ngati sizinawonekere pamakoma a bowa, sanatsogolere. Chithunzi: Andrei Shevchenko, kampani yomanga "Gaerant"
Nyumba ya chipika chozungulira imapangidwa mu fakitale (a), ndizotheka kupanga bokosi pa chirimwe monga nthawi yozizira. Chithunzi: Vadim Kovalev / Bameda Media
Mukasonkhanitsa chipika cha chipika kapena bala, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti si chisindikizo chambiri. Chithunzi: "nb"
The bar, itsegulidwe m'chilimwe mu stack, imakhala ndi chinyezi pang'ono ndipo sikumazizira nyengo yozizira, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi kudula kukula ndikusankha zotayirira. Chithunzi: Dombrus
Ntchito yomanga khoma kuchokera m'magolovesi a zoletsa zanyengo kapena kutentha sizikhala. Ntchito sizimachitika mumvula ndi chipale chofewa kuti muchepetse kunyowa kwa kuphatikiza kwa okunja kwa oxide ndi kusokonekera. M'nyengo yozizira, tsiku lalifupi lalifupi limafunikira chida pamalo omangira zomangira. Kulemera, poyerekeza ndi nthawi yachilimwe, malo ogwirira ntchito amawonjezera nthawi yomwe ntchito yomangayi, ndipo nthawi zina nthawi zina misewu yovuta imalepheretsa zida zomangawo. Mwambiri, ntchito yomanga nyengo yachisanu imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa nthawi yotentha, koma kuchepa kwamitengo ya zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, mutha kupatsa ntchito zotere ndi kampani yomwe ili ndi zochitika zoyenera.
Konstantin Maslov
Mainjiniya woyang'anira ukadaulo wa GK "izmba de exal"
Nyumba yopanga kapena nyumba yochokera ku SIP mapanelo idzakhazikitsidwa pa miyezi itatu yokha, ndipo kuzungulira kwakukulu kumatha kukonzekera nthawi yozizira. Chithunzi: StudTerock / Photodom.ru
Kupanga nyumba ya mafupa nthawi yozizira sikuyambitsa zovuta. Tikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito maziko kuchokera ku malo ogulitsira ndi gulu la Russia, lomwe limakhala ndi chipangizocho chosafunikira ndipo palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zolemera. Makoma ndi madenga akapezeka muukadaulo wapamwamba waku Canada, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti "sangweji" yopanda tanthauzo, komanso youma chinyezi, chisanu champhamvu kwambiri osatengedwera). Malizani omaliza ndi zingwe ndi mapanelo aliwonse amaloledwa pamatenthedwe ochepa. Pulasitala yokha, yopendekera komanso zojambula sizimasiyidwa.
Sergey amasamba.
Mainjiniya a dzuwa