Chidule cha msika ndi kusokonekera kwa ubweyawu, ubweya wa mchere, wodzaza ndi mpweya ndi kudzipatula kwa chilengedwe, njira zotentha komanso nyumba yolumikizira nyumba
Kodi mungawonetsetse bwanji kutentha kwa pansi panyumba yomwe ili pamwamba pa malo ozizira, kulowa, zipilala? Kodi mungachepetse bwanji phokoso logonjetsedwa, kodi mumamverera ndi oyandikana nawo pansipa, kapena kudziteteza ku mawu omwe akuchokera ku sitolo kapena cafe pamalo oyamba m'nyumba yogona? Mavuto onsewa adzathandiza kuthetsa pansi
Kubwezeretsani ndi post 30494-96 "nyumba kukhalapo komanso anthu ambiri. Zolinga za mpweya wabwino mu nyengo yozizira ndi 20-22 masekondi a 18-24). Kwa nthawi yotentha, mfundo izi ndi zapamwamba kwambiri: Zabwino - 22-25 s, zovomerezeka - 20-28 C.
Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi Step 23-02-2003 "Kutetezedwa Kwanyumba", kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi pansi sikuyenera kupitirira 2 C. Kupatula apo, ngati munthu wanthawi yayitali kapena mwadongosolo Chipinda chokhala ndi malo ozizira, amamva kusasangalala, likuchulukirachulukira, kugwiritsa ntchito kumachepera, nkhawa zowonjezera za njira zophera magazi zimachokera, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi zotsatira zake.
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Mbale zotanulidwa zidalandaponda polystyrene chithotho "(a); Kumva zowoneka bwino zokhudzana ndi fiberglass "Isoover yoyandama" ("Saint-Goven-Gossen Rus") (b)
Kuyanjanitsa nyumbayo munyumba yosungirako zinthu zingapo (a) imayikidwa inshuwaransing. Nthawi yomweyo, phokoso la mpweya limachepetsedwa, lomwe likubwera kuchokera ku nyumba pansi, ndikugwedezeka, poyambira (b)
Komanso zovuta pa anthu, choyamba pamanjenje awo amanjenje, ali ndi mawu achilendo ndi phokoso. Chifukwa chake, nyumba zonse zomanga ziyenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yopanda tanthauzo yofanana ndi zofunikira za Snap 23-03-2003 "Chitetezo cha NZIWI". Nthawi yomweyo, kupitirira (i.e., zomangira zopingasa) zimapangidwa kuti zizipereka kusokonekera kuchokera ku phokoso ndi phokoso. Mtengo wowongolera wa mndandanda wa phokoso la mpweya wa rw pansi okhazikika m'migodi yambiri ndi 50-54dB (kutengera gulu la nyumbayo). Mndandanda wazochepetsedwa kwa phokoso logwedezeka pansi pa logala la LNW silopitilira 55-60dB.
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(a) - "Center Center"
(b) - Kniaf Litwation
Mapanelo (plug yakuda Agglomerate) izora (Amorim Isolamentos) (a); Ubweya wamchere ku KAAUFT, wopangidwa ndi ukadaulo watsopano wochokera pazachilengedwe, wopanda phenol, acrylic ndi folmaldehyde (b)
Pakukonza, ndikofunikira kuti musadetse magawo omwe ali ndi zida zomwe zilipo. Komabe, ambiri amakhala m'nyumba zomwe zikhalidwe zofunika sizinali zabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo omwe alibe chidwi ndi thanzi lawo, ntchito yokonza, chifukwa chachikulu chosonyeza kutentha ndi kumveketsa kwa nyumba ndikuzikumbukira zomwe apanga . Ndipo izi zikuyenera kuchitika pazoyambira kumapeto.
Kukonda: maphwando afupi
Kutentha kwamatenthedwe komanso zinthu zokomera zopangidwira zoperekedwa pamsika wapabanja zimagawika magulu atatu akulu.Mineralote. Ichi ndi ubweya wa mwala wokondedwa wa mwala wopangidwa kuchokera kusungunuka kwa miyala yamoto (zibachi, 1 ma 1 ma diabases) kapena ma slags. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndipo imakhala ndi woonda (m'mimba mwake 3-12 μm) 2-20mm yayitali, zopanga zokongola, komanso fumbi ndi zowonjezera za hydrophobic. Nkhaniyi imalimbana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, zotsatira za mankhwala, zotsatira zokhazikika, zolimba, za hygroscopic. Ubweya wa miyala sapsa ndipo ngakhale zimalepheretsa kufala kwa lawi, kumakhala ndi manyazi, kuphatikizapo kutentha.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa eni nyumba, komanso opanga mapulogalamu akuyenera kumva funso kuti: "Kodi ndikufunika kuyikira kutentha kwa kutentha pansi pa dongosolo la magetsi pansi?" Yankho lake ndi losangalatsa. Kupatula apo, dongosololi limawonjezera kuwotcha kwa radiator kale. Zikutanthauza kuti chipangizo chotenthedwa chimakhala, kuwonjezera pa kuchuluka kwa chitonthozo, kudzapangitsa kumwa enanso zomwe ayenera kulipira. Mutha kuchepetsa kumwa mphamvu m'njira zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, khazikitsani kutentha kwanzeru kuwongolera ma mores opita / kusinthika, kapena gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwamichere kudutsa michere yamchere yokhazikika ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a aluminium zojambulazo. Chowonadi ndichakuti zojambulazo pang'ono zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha komwe kumachokera ku zinthu zotentheka kumauwongolera kukondweretsa mawuwo, kupereka kutentha kwa pansi. Pankhaniyi, mawuwo akuwotcha bwino kwambiri, mwachangu komanso osamwa.
Nikolay eremin,
Mutu wa "ma acoustics"
Makampani "Saint-Goerben Eau
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(koma) - Pansi poyandama:
1 - Chingwe cha lipoti; 2 - wosanjikiza zinthu zokhazikika;
3 - Mphende-sitemer-batded kapena mbale ya miyala yolimba;
4, 5 - Mapasiketi omveka;
6 - Kumalizidwa chophimba pansi;
7 - Printh;
8 - msomali kapena screw
3d zojambula n. Samarina
(b) - Msampha wa kapangidwe kake ndi ma Lags:
1 - pansi.
2 - Meporizolane wa Vaporizolaty (wa intuctic ndi basement ndi intlap imayikidwa kuchokera kutentha kwa chipinda chofunda kutsogolo kwa chimbudzi);
3 - Mtengo wamatabwa umadutsa;
4 - Zowonjezera;
5 - lag;
6 - Malizani pansi
KINAUF YOPHUNZITSIRA
Woyimira wina wotchuka wa gululi ndi fiberglass. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku zoikika zopangira (Querz Sand, koloko ya sodium, sodium sulfate iyo.d.) ndi nkhondo yagalasi. Zosagwirizana komanso zolimbana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana za kusokonezeka zimapanga chiberekero cha galasi chocheperako ndi chofiyira chochepa chopanga ndi hydrophobic zowonjezera. Dongosolo la ulusi ndi Microni ya 3-5, ndipo amatalikirapo nthawi zingapo kuposa mtundu wamiyala, chifukwa chake fiberglass modabwitsa. Zipangizo zochokera kumayiko zodzipatula nthawi zambiri sizimawotcha ngati "mwala", ndikupereka katundu wocheperako pazinthu zothandizira, ndikusunga mphamvu zotchinga. Kusiyana kwakukulu, kusinthasintha komanso kusinthika kumawapangitsa kukhala kofunikira kwambiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo osagwirizana komanso m'magulu ovuta.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Otsatira a chilengedwe chochokera ku nyumba ndiofunika kulabadira pa counels a Cork (Black Abglomerate) wamankhwala osiyanasiyana (kuyambira 10 mpaka 100 mm) Zinthu zomwe zilibe zowonjezera zamankhwala zojambula, zotetezeka kwathunthu ku chinyezi, sizigwirizana. Ngati lawi lochokera ku GAWO limalumikizana ndi ma paneli nthawi yayitali ndi ma panels, amayamba kuuluka pang'onopang'ono, osawonetsa zinthu zopweteka. The Cork Agglomerate ili ndi mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri - 0.037w / (MK) - ndipo imaperekanso mphamvu zamatenthedwe okhala ndi nyumba. The makulidwe a 30mm okha amangokhala kutentha komanso khoma la njerwa ya 400mm kapena khoma la bar ya oak ndi makulidwe a 150mm. Chifukwa chake, corglomerate imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakutulutsa kwakunja komanso kwamkati kwa mafayilo akutali, kutsikira pansi, makoma, malo obisika. Kuphatikiza ndi zida zina zomaliza - m'magulu osiyanasiyana (kuphatikiza pansi) pakuti kukumbutsa, phokoso kuchepetsa ndi reverb.
Andrei Alekshundrov, Wotsogolera General
Makampani "Center Center"
Odzaza ndi odzaza magesi. Mabukuwa akuphatikiza zida zopangidwa ndi zidutswa zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki zozikidwa pa styrene, poulyurethane, polyesters, dontr idr idr. Mapulasi otchuka kwambiri polyirethane (pulasitiki yodzaza ndi mafuta omwe ali ndi ma cell otsekedwa), chithovu cha polystyrene, chomwe chimapanikizika, ndikutulutsa thovu la polystyrene. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi ma cell ang'onoang'ono otsekeka omwe samalankhulana. Amapereka mawonekedwe otsika mtengo, manyowa amadzi ndi VAPOR ofala kuposa a gulu ili.
Kudzipatula kwachilengedwe. Izi ndi zopangidwa potengera cellulose ndi kuwonjezera kwa mafinya osiyanasiyana (utuchi, perlite, peat, ma bangami. Maulalo opangidwa kuchokera ku cortex cork (wakuda abglomerate), komanso chroal crumb, amayenera kusamalira mwapadera. Kusankha kwa zinthu zapansi konkriti kwa chiwongola dzanja kumasonkhezeredwa makamaka ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo. Kuphatikiza apo, katundu wake woteteza ndiwofunikira komanso mtengo wake.
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Chipangizocho "Choyandama" pansi ndi Rigid Slabbwool P-60 (URSA) pansi pa mawu oti "chonyowa":
Ndipo - konzekerani pansi. Iyenera kukhala youma komanso yosalala (moyo wolusa ukuwonjezeka). Kupatuka kwa ndege kutalika kwa 2m sikuyenera kupitirira 10mm;
b - Kuletsa mawonekedwe a "milatho yazovuta yomwe imachepetsa phokoso loti, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa" kuyandama "pakhoma kapena magawo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osakhalitsa kuchokera kumatabwa kapena zidutswa wa plywood ndi 1 cm.
B - Zinthu zothandizira zimagwiritsa ntchito mbale za fiberglass. Ikani mbalezo zimayamba kuchokera kumbali ya chipindacho kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zinyalala;
G - zingwe zamagetsi ndi kubisidwa kwina chifukwa cha pansi pa "pansi pa pansi, m'malo mowatsogolera pamakoma ndi ngodya za chipindacho, komwe akhala akuwoneka, makamaka chifukwa chopanda kanthu lawi;
D - mbale za zinthuzo zimayikidwa, zolimba kutengera mawonekedwe ndi kwa wina ndi mnzake;
E - kuphimba mbale ndi pulasitiki wokutira. Chinsalu cha filimuyi chimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka ndi zitsanzo ndi scotch. Mphepetezo zikucheperako kumakoma komanso kumamatira pafomu. Pansi lonse pansi, ma beocon othandiza ndi kutalika kwa 10-15mm, pamwamba pomwe mauna olimbikitsa amayikidwa kotero kuti ali pakati pa sitementi osanjikiza simenti;
g - Pa Grid One Maupangiri (mwachitsanzo, mbiri yachitsulo) ndikuwongolera udindo wawo pogwiritsa ntchito mulingo;
H - Kapangidwe kalikonse kamathiridwa ndi njira ya simenti-Sandy-Sandy ndi makulidwe a 30-40 mm, ndiye kuti imasaina bwino komanso yopukutira. Pamene mawu owuma, filimuyo imadulidwa, ndipo mawonekedwewo amachotsedwa. Zotsatira zake zimadzazidwa ndi zotsalira za zolimbitsa zinthu. Cholumikizira cholumikizira khomo lokondera ndi polyvinyl chloride kapena chindapusa, nawonso amalipira misampha yaying'ono
Chachikulu "kusambira"
Pakadali pano, zolimbitsa thupi zolimbikitsidwa nthawi zambiri zimathandizidwa ndi nyumba zoyandikana kwambiri. Njira yosavuta yotentha ndipo imatuta bwino kapangidwe kameneka ndi chipangizo "pansi" pansi. Nthawi yomweyo samalani ndi zovuta zina.Choyamba, muyamikiridwa kupatuka pa ndege. (Kukonza mu chipinda chakale, izi zisanachitike, pansi zakale zachotsedwa kuti zikhale zazitali.) Palibe chinsinsi chotero, ndipo mbale zokulirapo zimakhala zokhota, choncho Kubzala kapena kusamvana kwa kutalika kumapangidwira lalikulu. Maziko oterowo ayenera kukhala ogwirizana. Njira ya bajeti ndikuthira mchenga wosanjikiza, wokwera mtengo kwambiri - kuyika chingwe cha simenti, chokwera mtengo kwambiri - kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza okha.
Kugwira ntchito ndi ubweya waubweya m'nyumba m'nyumba zomwe zimayenera kukhala zovala zazitali, ngwazi yam'mutu, magolovesi, komanso mu bandeji ya gauti yosiyanasiyana kapena yopumira. Ndi Gulu Labwino Kwambiri, fumbi limakhala laling'ono
Kenako, pamalo owuma owuma (m'chipinda chonyowa, chimatetezedwa ndi wosanjikiza madzi osanjikiza) atagona zinthu. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe otsika mtengo komanso zizindikiro zabwino zotchinga, ziyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa kokakamizidwa, ndipo koposa zonse - kusamalira zinthu zonsezi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupatula apo, kapangidwe ka pansi, kuphatikizapo kudzipatula, nthawi yonseyi kuchitidwa ndi kuchuluka kwamakampani. Kulanga zida zotchinga zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, malo oyandama "(" Malo omanga-a Gorben Rus ", France - Russia) yokhala ndi mphete 190- 11m- 11100.), Flor Ma batts (Rockwool, Denmark - Russia; 1000 600 25m- 1300- 130 & 1000. (Slacklex, Russia; 1200 600 30mm, mtengo 1m- 130 ruble panels (Amorim Isolamento (Amorim Isolamentos), Portugal; 1000- 360- 360-
Lingaliro la katswiri
Mtengo wa phokoso la mpweya wa mpweya mu nyumba zingapo kunyumba zosungira zingapo amakwaniritsa zofuna za Snap 23-03-2003, ngati makulidwe awo ali osachepera 220 mm. Koma ngati alibe mawonekedwe ofunikira, kugogoda kwa zidendene ndi kulira kwa mbale zosweka, kugogoda kwa zitseko (kugwedezeka kwa zitseko (zodetsa komanso phokoso lokweza) mapangidwe. Chifukwa chake, kulakalaka kuzengereza kumverera pansi ndi kwachilengedwe kwa munthu aliyense wanzeru yemwe amafuna kuti azikhala ochepa. Komabe, kapangidwe ka pansi pa "pansi" pansi, kumachepetsa kutalika kwa chipindacho kwa masentimita angapo. Kwa iwo omwe amafuna kuchepetsa kutayika, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma mbale omveka ndi makulidwe 20 kapena 25mm. Ali pachimake cha opanga zikuluzikulu za inshuwaransi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mungagwiritse ntchito 600,200 2500mg 600 mtunda wokhazikika ngati mawu owuma "oyandama" mobwerezabwereza amatsika ndi mayesero a 35DB (malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso kukhazikitsidwa kwa sayansi yanyumba).
Tatyana Andreeva, Woyang'anira Zachitsulo Russia
Yokhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu, popanda mipata ndi malo ocheperako, ma mbale onyowa amathiridwa ndi "mchenga" womangika ndi makulidwe osachepera 4cm, onetsetsani kuti mukulimbikitsa ndi galasi kapena galasi lazitsulo. Kupatula apo, ndi mawu omveka omwe angaone kuti katundu pansi. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimakutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena geotextile yophatikizika ndi nsalu zosachepera 20cm. Ngati izi sizinachitike, kunyowa kumatula kudzipatula ndikudzaungula, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale pang'ono zamikhalidwe.
Udindo wa onyamula molimbika pazinthu zowoneka bwino zitha kuchitidwanso ndipo "yowuma" ya mapepala: ma sypsum kapena mafinya, mafinya, Amayikidwa m'magawo awiri, omangika ndi guluu. Zotsatira zake ndi nthaka yolimba yopangidwa ndi zinthu zokhazikika, zomwe zimagwira ngati maziko a kutsiriza kwa zokutira.
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Kutentha kwa konkriti Kupitilira munyumba "Flor Batts" (zopanda pake):
A - asanasungunuke pansi, zilema za Phokoso Lokhazikika ndi Kusiyanitsa Kupitilira 1cm zachotsedwa. Kenako konzani kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi malo onse a chipindacho ndi kuwonjezera kwa 10% pa kukonza. Chipindacho chili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta a geometric, zinthu zotchinga zimatengedwa kuchokera 15-20% zotheka. Kuzungulira kwa chipindacho kumapangitsa kuti magesi azowoneka bwino, osimbika kuchokera ku ma mbale "mabatani" okhala ndi kukula kwa 25mm "(pansi pa" pansi pa pansi);
B - Kuyika kwa mapiri ndi mbale kumatsogolera kufanana: Zingwe zoyamba, zopapatiza zimakhazikitsidwa m'makhoma, kenako zimapanikizidwa ndi mitengo yofukula;
Mu - masitoto oyikidwa bwino ayenera kusokonekera kwa msoko;
G - Kuchepetsa nthawi yokonza ndikuchoka ku "chonyowa", mmalo mwa kuwala kwa simentameza, zidaganiziridwa kuti ndikuwonetsa zigawo ziwiri za zigawo ziwiri za Plywood (zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito Dundwall kapena zip-zip-zipters, zipboadi yokhazikika). Imayikidwa kuti ma seams pakati pa ma sheet am'munsi atsimikizire kuti athetsa nsonga za pamwamba. Zigawo za Plywood yolumikizidwa ndi zojambula;
D - pamwamba pa maziko olimba, omaliza omaliza (linoleum) amaikidwa ndikuwongoletsera zokongoletsera.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zigawo zonse zomwe zagona sizinali ndi zomangira zosakhazikika ndi zopitilira muyeso ndipo ziribe kanthu momwe kulumikizidwa kwa masika, chifukwa kulumikizidwa "pagawiti phokoso lazida ndi zomangamanga. Chifukwa chake, kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa chipindacho kumasiya gawo laling'ono la mpweya wa 10-15mm. Imadzaza ndi nthiti yolunjika kapena mapepala okhala (nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutchinga), ndipo pambuyo pake adatsekedwa ndi zokongoletsera.
Eh iwe, ma lagi anga, ma logs ...
Kulunjika pamatanda ndi mathami matabwa, monga lamulo, amapezeka m'matauni a nyumba zakale ndi nyumba zapakhomo. Kutentha kwawo ndi kutumphuka kwawo sikutanthauza njira zothetsera zamakono komanso zachuma, chifukwa zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito sizimakhala ndi katundu wamakina - amangotenga kapangidwe kapansi.
Lags wamatabwa amathandizidwa koyamba ndi kuphatikizira kwa antiseptic ndi moto. Kenako zinthu zokhazikika ndizolimba ndipo popanda mipata yoyikapo malo pakati pa ma lagi. Osati mbale zolimba zokha ndizoyenera izi, komanso zofewa zofewa. Mwachitsanzo, zida "thermo mpukutu wa elose" (KinOf Turculation, Germany - Russia) mm, 900 (55), 510 5010mm, kunyamula Mtengo - 740Rrub.), Mtengo Wopepuka "(RockWool; 1000 600 50mm, mtengo wa mitengo - 550.
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Zolakwika wamba mukamagona ndi ma Lags:
A - zolimbitsa thupi ndizopapatiza kwambiri, kotero mipata imawoneka pakati pa iyo ndi mawonekedwe;
b - zigawo za kukumbuka sizimayendetsedwa wina ndi mzake ndikupanga zowonjezera ndi ming'alu;
B - Zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito zimayikidwa molakwika komanso mosavuta kwa mawonekedwe a chimango;
G - m'lifupi mwazinthu zomwe zasinthidwa molakwika, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, malo pakati pa ma logs akuwoneka kuti amadzaza
3d zojambula n. Samarina
Ngati pansi pamoto ndi mobisa kapena chipinda china chozizira, zinthu zotchingira zamafuta zimatetezedwa kuchokera pansi pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba. Samapatsa chinyontho kuti amalowetsa, koma amatulutsa mabanja. Kunyowa kumatha kuchitika ngati kutentha munthaka kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa pansi pamtunda (izi ndizotheka kukhala nyumba zopanda malire).
Pakati pa pansi ndi kusokosera, ndikofunikira kukweza filimu ya Vapor chotchinga kuti chinyezi m'chipindacho sichinagunde. Ndikofunikira kuti mafupa ake ndi malo ake oyandikana ndi makhoma anali oboola.
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Kutentha kwamphamvu kwa mabatani owala (hitotwool):
A - Mapulogalamu a zotuwa zamafuta amaikidwa ndi wosiyana pakati pa ma logs. Chitofu chimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa masika, chomwe chimapereka kukonzanso kwazinthu zomwe zili mu kapangidwe;
b - poika makulidwe amitundu yambiri m'magawo angapo a mbale zapamwamba, ndikusamukira kumalo omaliza;
Mu - ngati pali chipinda pansi pa kufinya, kutentha komwe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa chipinda chokhazikitsidwa, mbale zimakutidwa ndi filimu ya Vapor. Imayikidwa pafupi ndi kusokonezeka ndikuyika stople yomanga yomanga. Ngati kutalika kwa chiwongola dzanja ndikofanana ndi kukula kwa mafuta otenthetsera, njanjizo zimazikika motero chivomerezo chopangidwa ndi mpweya chinapangidwa chifukwa cha kusokonekera. Pamene zipinda pamwamba pa zolumbirira ndipo pansi pake palibe kutentha kwakukulu, vaporizolation sikofunikira;
M - imakwera pansi poti.
Chifukwa chake, ngati ambuye amatsatira molondola malangizo omwe ali pa phukusi, ali ndi chida chofunikira ndi luso la ntchito, zotsatira zake zimatsimikiziridwa.
Otsatsa amathokoza Russia Russia, cork Center, penintex, zinthu zomangamanga za Goben-Goern Rus kuti athandizidwe kukonzekeretsa zinthuzo.