Magawo amkati amkati: Zipangizo za chipangizocho, malingaliro othandiza kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi D.minkina
Chithunzi v. vasaleva, a. babaeva
Chithunzi v.neplepledova
Chithunzi m.stepanov
Ngati mukuyatsa chidwi chogawa malo anu nyumba yanu, yocheperako ndi makhoma akuluakulu, pamitundu yolekanitsa kapena zipinda zapadera, simungathe kuchita popanda ntchito yomanga. Kukhazikitsa Kwathunthu, ndikofunikira kulingalira njira iti komanso yomwe idzapangitsidwira ndi zinthu ziti.
Tsoka ilo, palibe khoma lanyumba yanu likhoza kusamutsidwa ndikuyika kulikonse, komwe mukufuna. Izi ndichifukwa choti kukulunga kwa kapangidwe kake komwe kumayambira, komwe kumakhazikitsidwa ndi mipata yosungika ndi zipinda zanyumba ndi zinthu zina za nyumbayo. Makomawo amakwezedwa m'ntchito ndikuchita ntchito yothandizira kunyamula. Chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuti muwanyoze nokha kapena kuti muwachitire popanda chilolezo chapadera cha bungwe la polojekiti, osati lotetezeka. Magawo amapangidwa makamaka kwa membala wa zonol mchipindacho ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kutentha ndi kusokonezeka kwa madera opatukana. Zolinga zoterezi zimatha kuyikamo nyumba yomwe ili kale yopangidwa kale kulikonse, ndipo ndi mgwirizano wawo ndi MVK, monga lamulo, sizimayambitsa mavuto.
Mwakutero, magawo ayenera kuperekera mawu odalirika, khalani olimba, ngati nkotheka, osavuta kukhala ndi masheya ena (ndiye kuti, makabati, ndi zida zambiri). Kuphatikiza apo, amakakamizidwa kukumana ndi ukhondo ndi ukhondo komanso chitetezo chamoto. Mwachitsanzo, amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe (zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo okhala) ndikutha kukana moto wotseguka. Zochitika pamizere yotsirizayi ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa pakachitika moto, kugawana moto kumatha "kugwiritsitsa" lawi, kufalikira kumbali. Nthawi ino ndi yochepera mphindi 15, ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuti zifike pamoto.
Pomanga zogawa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ma cell ndi mabatani ang'onoamba, dongo kapena silika, mabatani, ma spordoard ndi maberesi owuma. Malinga ndi njira yomanga, yomwe, makamaka, yotsimikizika ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, magawo amagawika mu kalasi yabwino (kuchokera pagawo laling'ono), kuchokera pazinthu zazing'onoting'ono (slab ndikutchinga njerwa, mwala kapena galasi mabatani) ndi chimango. Kuphatikiza pa momwe mafoni amapanga, izi zimapangitsa kusintha danga lamkati la malowa, amagawidwa m'mayendedwe, gulu - lokhala ndi kusintha. Zogawana (zokhazikika) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba zogwiritsidwa ntchito mkati. Za iwo ndipo tidzakambirana.
Monga zida zazing'ono zamakhoma osakhalapo, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, ma cell konkriti kapena njerwa. Magawo omwe kuchokera m'mabatani agalasi ndi otchuka kwambiri, iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira malo okhala ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukongoletsa mkati.
Koma musathamangire kuti mubweretse zinthu zina pa "malo omanga", komwe mudakumana kuti zigawe. Kumbukirani kuti ndizosatheka kunyamula katundu wanu monkriti: Katundu wovomerezeka pamakomo omwe adalimbikitsidwa, omwe akudutsamo adakonzedwa munyumba yanyumba, 300 kpa (300), mopitirira muyeso Mlandu, 6 kpa (600 kg / m2). AVALA, kuwonjezera pa magawo, adzaikidwabe pansi, atayika mipando ndipo, mwina zida zapakhomo. Chifukwa chake pokambirana chiwombolo cha nyumbayo, musakhale aulesi kufunsa opanga mapulojekiti yanu, ngakhale atakhala kuti amawerengera katundu pazambiri zomwe zadzaza ndipo, kuganizira izi, zinthu zomangazi zimasankhidwa bwino. Ngati patapita nthawi denga likung'ambika pansi pa oyandikana nawo, "chisangalalo" cha kuyankhulana nawo liyenera kukumana nanu, osati kwa olemba okonzekera kukonzekera.
Magawo a Cellrete
Konkriti konkriti imagwira ntchito wamba padziko lonse lapansi. Imapezeka chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa mtanda wa simenti ndi zowonjezera zapadera zowonjezera. Si nkhuni ndipo zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa moto. Krymera, malire a kukana kwa moto wamalonda opangidwa ndi mabatani 75mm ndi mphindi 150. Andende amlengalenga omwe ali panja la ma cell a cell amapereka mikhalidwe yabwino yamatenthedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pores otsekeka amachepetsa mayamwidwe am'madzi a nkhaniyi, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yolimbana ndi chinyezi.Kapangidwe koopsa kumapangitsa kuti ma cell konkriya. Wodziweruza nokha: The Staner Slack Clock yopangidwa ndi konkriti ya chithowi (gOST 21520-89) kukula kwa 200250mm ya makilogalamu 18-20 ndikutha ambiri ngati 80 kg). Kuchokera apa ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuvuta kwa zomangawo, popeza m'malo mwa chihema cha njerwa, mwala umodzi wokha ndi wokwanira. Kugwiritsa ntchito midadada, mutha kufulumizitsa kukonzanso kapena kumanga kwa masiku angapo. Ndipo sizongoyambira mwachangu, silikani zamagesi ndikuwuma njerwa mwachangu kwambiri.
Magawo ochokera m'magulu a mabatani D400 ndi D500 ali ndi mawu omveka bwino: mapangidwe a 100mmm ali ndi vuto la 10- 37 DB, ndi kukula kwa 125m-46 DB. 25mm tricker ndi pa 55-57 DB.
Kuchokera ku cell konkrito kumakuthandizani kuti mupange malo osalala kwambiri. Kutalika kumatanthawuza kuti zokwera mtengo pazomaliza kumaliza ntchito, mosiyana ndi njerwa, zimafunikira pang'ono. Magawo awo ndiosavuta kuti adulidwe, adadula. Kuphweka kwa kukonzekera konkriti kumakupatsani mwayi kuti upange mapangidwe ake, kuphatikizapo mabodi ang'onoang'ono, ndikupanganso mabodi ang'onoang'ono, mabowo, mapaipi, ndi zina zambiri.
Pachida cha magawo amkati, pali mabatani okwanira okhala ndi makulidwe 10 (onjezerani makulidwe a zigawo zomaliza, ndipo izi sizochepera 1-2 cm). Kenako sipadzakhala zovuta ndi kuyika zitseko, chifukwa mulifupi wa mtunda wa chitseko sikupitirira 13 cm. Chifukwa chake, magawo kuchokera ku zowombera zakhungu (ndipo, ndi njira inanso), ndizomveka kupanga makulidwe a 80 mpaka 120mm. Kukula kumeneku kumapereka zisonyezo zowoneka bwino chifukwa cha kukana kwa moto, malo onyamula katundu ndikutchingira mawu. Palibe nzeru kupanga zogawana ndipo chifukwa makulidwe amafunikira kukhazikitsa chitseko cha chitseko chomwe chidzayenera kuchotsedwa pa kuwonjezeka kwa pulasitala kapena chipangizo cha Pulabasite Garbarts. Ato ndi zida zochulukirapo komanso kuchuluka kwa kuyerekezera.
Mphamvu ya chinthu chomalizidwa imapangitsa kuti apange magawo pafupifupi onse. Mukagona, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza ndi mchenga wa simenti ndi gulu wamba polymer sile. Mabungwewo sikuti amangoletsa, komanso kuyika njerwa za chipangizocho ndikuphatikizidwa ndi mabowo onyamula mabowo a chitsulo: Kumapeto kwa ndodo kumayendetsedwa mu mawonekedwe onyamula, a Zina zimayikidwa msoko wopingasa wa zomangamanga. Maziko amtsogolo amafanana ndi njira ya mchenga. Kenako woonda wowondayo amakhazikika, kuti, kukhazikitsa mulingo, mzere woyamba wa malo ophatikizika asonkhana.
Kukhazikitsa pansi kumatha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi zitsulo (zomwe, nawonso, kukhazikitsidwa pamatansi). Pamwamba pazinthu zotchinga, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa, zimaphimbidwa ndi guluu. Ndiye kuti, mzere uliwonse wotsatira wa mbale umayikidwa ndi chisanakhale malo osungirako shy ndi guluu ndi mbale yolumikizira mzere wam'mbuyomu. Magawo a KSThemam amakhazikika ndi guluu (yankho) ndikulimbikitsidwa (mzere uliwonse 2 wa midadada). Khomo lako limadzaza ndi ndodo ziwiri-zitatu za zolimbitsa thupi (ndi mainchesi a 6mm) komwe mabatani amapangika ndi "Rogwary".
Pomaliza, inanso. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi ma currete zolondola, ndikofunikira kuganizira mozama. Chifukwa ali ndi malo osalala, koma a fumbi, apamwamba amawachititsa kukhala ovuta. Zotsatira zabwino zitha kupezeka, koma osadandaula choyambirira: ndikofunikira kuti muike, osachepera 2-3 musanagwiritse pulasitalayo.
Zogulitsa za Crerete Comrew D500 ndi D600 Zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zimatulutsa mabizinesi ambiri apakhomo, zopangidwa zomanga za Svetskks "," Vatobon), "Vetoton) ( Moscow oblast), "fakitale ya nyumba yayitali" (Penik), "Frak" (etc), etc. mbali zochepa za block imodzi - 200250MM. Zogulitsa 500500100, 600400100, 600300100 ndi 600300100 ndi 600300100 ndi 600300100 ndi 600300100. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu monga lamulo, sikupitilira 14-23 makilogalamu, ndipo mawonekedwe a geometrical ndi omwe ndi abwino kugwira nawo ntchito kukhazikitsidwa.
Mwapansi pakhomo, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu 2390250125mm. Opanga mabatani opanga masisi (okhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 600 kg / m3 ndi miyeso ya 600300100mm) pakhale makumi angapo. Zina mwa izo zitha kutchedwa "zomangamanga kumanga nyumba" (mabatani 600300100MM), "Mafuta a Oskol)," kuthandizira kwapadera zinthu kuchokera ku Lipetsk, komwe kumapanga malonda kuchokera Konkriti wa Cell paukadaulo wa kampani yaku Germany. Maloto ovomerezeka kuchokera ku ma curete a scerete, pomwe kulumikizana kwa geometch kumafikira 1 masentimita, masipetsk gasi olondola kwambiri, ndipo kulolera ndi 1mm, zikutanthauza kuti ndizotheka kuyika gululi.
Mitengo ya zotchinga kuchokera ku konkriti wa cell konkriya ku Russia kuyambira $ 1 mpaka $ 1.3 pa chidutswa chilichonse. Ndikofunikira kwambiri mukamagula samalani ndi mtundu wa zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe a D500 ndi D600 ndi chizindikiro pa kachulukidwe ka ma cell konkriti (500 ndi 600 kg / m3, motero). Koma chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewu zathu zimapanga zogulitsa zotentha - ndi magawo ofanana, koma kuchepa kwa kachulukidwe ka 350, Mark d350). Mabadi a konkriti a Connette sioyenera kugawa, popeza sapereka mphamvu zokwanira, ndipo cholinga chake chimakhala pamalo athyathyathya komanso ofuula.
Mafashoni
Ngati nthawi yokonza imakanikizidwa, ndipo simukufuna kuthana ndi zinyalala zomangamanga ndi matope, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kopitilira muyeso, "chofunikira" njira yogawana mapulogalamu a ppp (ppp). Mbale iliyonse yotereyi imapangidwa ndi gypsum yomanga ndipo ndi yofananira yophatikizira, yolumikizirana ndi zonena zomwe zili ndi mbali zomwe zili ndi mbali zonse za poyambira.
Gawo lochokera pa pulasitala limatha kusonkhanitsidwa mwachangu, ndipo mutasindikiza seams ndi priman, pamwamba pake safunikira kuyikapo pulasitala yochepa (chifukwa chake, pafupifupi amalima). Chifukwa chake mutha kuyamba kupaka utoto, kumaliza ndi ma polymer kapena ma tale. Mwa njira, ndikololedwa kupera gawo litangoyani zinthu zogundika, ndiye kuti, pambuyo pa mphindi 30 mpaka 40. Mbale gypsum sagwirizana ndi zowola ndi tizilombo, kusinthasintha kwakung'ono kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi sizimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa iwo. PGP ndikosavuta kuwona ndi kukonza, ndipo mapaisiketi amagetsi ndi mapaipi amatengedwa mu nsapato zomwe zachitidwa ndi chida chosavuta. Zithunzi, magalasi ndi zinthu zina zopepuka zolemera mpaka 4 kg zimaphatikizidwa ndi zomangira zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi zomata zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi masitepe, zinthu zolemera (makabati, ndi etch.) - ndi nangula. Komabe, poganiza za omanga ambiri, kuphatikiza kwa chithunzithunzi-kutchuka sikupereka mphamvu zokwanira (kuyerekeza ndi zida za njerwa), ngati zingafunike kuti apange zida zaukhondo.
Mu msika waku Russia, pulasitala yomwe imayimilira ndi zinthu za "Kniff gypphum", ndi 2 mwa mitundu yawo imaperekedwa komanso kunyowa. Choyamba ndi choyenera kugawa mchipinda chilichonse chomwe chili ndi chinyezi (mpaka 60%) chinyezi. Mbale zosemphana ndi chinyezi (ndizotheka kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wamba, sikuti ndizosachedwa) zimatchedwanso hydrophochoud, popeza zowonjezera zomwe zimachepetsa ku Gypsum. Kuchokera ku chinyontho chopanda chinyezi mutha kupanga magawo m'bafa, chimbudzi ndi kukhitchini. Pankhaniyi, zowoneka bwino za PSS kapena mwala wachilengedwe ndizofunikira. Musaiwale za madzi oyambira. Mukakhazikitsa zigawo zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, malo osokoneza bongo ndi ovomerezeka ndi masticroofing mastic "nntahf bunch
Mitundu ya ma cell konkriti
Konkriti womata ndi konkriti yopepuka yomwe imaperekedwa ndikulimbana yankho la simenti, mchenga ndi madzi, komanso chithovu. Chinyezi chochokera ku konkire chimabwera mwachilengedwe pomwe zili m'malo.
Chuma cha Autoclave Counter chimakhala ndi mchenga, simenti, laimu ndi madzi osakanizika ndikulowa molumpha, pomwe kupachirira komwe kumachitika. Zogulitsa kuchokera ku konkriti wam'malo zimapangidwa mufakitale ndikupita kukagulitsa mawonekedwe okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito.
Konkriti yolumikizidwa imapangidwa kuchokera kumadzi ndi simenti-Sandy osakaniza, omwe ma vesi a mage amawonjezeredwa.
Mafuta ndi mandimu osakaniza, simenti, mchenga wa quartz, madzi ndi gypsum, yovulazidwa ndi zowonjezera mu Autoclave kapena Vapormerized.
Magawo omwe ali pa PGP sakhala pazenera la olumala, koma pa pansi omalizira musanagwiritse ntchito zokutira. Kumenya guluu wokwezeka pogwira ntchito ndi mbale wamba, pugenlerlerted imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ndi hydrophobhobid- komanso fordenleler-hydro ". Pofuna kuti mapangidwewo akhale okhazikika mokwanira, mbalezo zimakhazikitsidwa "kuzungulira", ndi poyambira mmwamba ndi pansi. Proove ndiyofunika, chifukwa kulondola kwa chithunzithunzi kumagawidwanso chimodzimodzi. Pankhaniyi, nkhani ya mzere woyamba imayenera kudula chisa.
Mabokosi a khomo amaphatikizidwa ndi zomata zapadera. Khalani okonzekera kuti gawo limodzi kuchokera pa mbale 66750080mm, khomo lolowera siloyenera 12, likhale lofunika kuyang'ana pang'ono, centimita 8. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake ndi khomo ndikoyenera kukhala koyenera kuyika ma mbale ndi makulidwe a 100mm (20mm, ndiye ndikosavuta "peck" ndi mapepala). Chophimba chotchinga, chomwe chili pafupi ndi khomo, sayenera kukhala pafupi ndi 20 cm kuchokera m'mphepete. Mkati mwa msewu ndi ngodya, mbalezo zimakhazikika ndi kulumikizana molumikizana ndi mizere yapansi. Ma seams amasindikizidwa ndi "Kniaf Fougaur woumbalaler", ndipo kotero kuti, adamaliza kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito chotsatirachi monga "Knif Tiferandrand".
Nthawi zambiri, magawo a PGP amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwamphamvu, mothandizidwa ndi phokoso, komanso kusiyana pakati pa denga ndi mabedi apamwamba. Kupititsa patsogolo malo osokoneza bongo osokoneza bongo a gawo, omwe amatchedwa kuti elastic kulumikizana angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pankhaniyi, ndi putty amathira gasiketi (3-5 mm wandiweyani) kuchokera ku chubu, kumva pang'ono kapena kuchepa mphamvu. Ndodo yotere imasiyanitsa ma toscilation okwera odutsa kudzera munkhondo yomanga.
Mapulogalamu onse wamba achinyontho amapangidwa kuti azitulutsa awiri: 667500 ndi 900300mm, makulidwe - 80 kapena 100mm. Kuchokera ku ma mbale ogona pamzere umodzi, ndizotheka kusonkhanitsa gawo limodzi - limakumana ndi zofunikira zowongolera kuti zitheke (41 DB). Kupanga kawiri kwa septum-makulidwe kuchokera mu 180mm kumafunikira ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera kutchinjiriza (mpaka pamlingo wa 60 db) kapena malo ambiri ojambula omwe sangathe kuyikidwa mumisando. Gawo logawana mapiko limatha kukhala losadulidwa ndi ma pichelines okhala ndi theka la theka la chitofu makulidwe, ndiye kuti, osaposa 40mm. Kapangidwe kawiri kumamangidwa motere. Choyamba mbali imodzi imayikidwa (mzere umodzi wa mbale) ndi mayanjano onse amaphatikizidwa ndi izi, ndiye inayo. Mphatso zimadzaza ndi zinthu zopatsa.
Zowona, kusiyanasiyana kwa kapangidwe kake ka gawo (ndi mawu omveka bwino pakati pa masitovu) akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri. Kupatula apo, mtengo wa mbale imodzi ya 66750080mm ndi pafupifupi $ 2. Komabe, ngati kuli kofunikira kumanga gawo losavuta mu recle nthawi yokhazikika, ndipo nthawi yomweyo itha kudya zinthu zochepa, ndizovuta kusankha njira ina ku mbale mbale.
Zogawa njerwa
Izi mwina ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Magawo a njerwa amadziwika ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kupirira katundu wamkulu kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimapachikika pa iwo (zida zamasuthi, makabati, ndi zina zotere, makamaka kuti makonzedwewo adadzakhala odalirika). Monga lamulo, mabungwe oterowo akugona ndi makulidwe mungu (iyi ndi pafupifupi 140 mm) kapena m'mphepete (80mm), ngakhale chilolelo cha kufiyira. Ngati ndi kotheka, maziko omwe amamangidwa amaloledwa ndi simenti. Kenako, ikani wosasamba wa yankho komanso molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa njerwa. Mphamvu zazikulu, gawo likufunika kulimbikitsa. Pangani kuti mugoneke pamtambo wonse wa mapangidwe (mzere uliwonse wa njerwa) za kukonzekera kwa zitsulo ndi mainchesi a 4-6m kapena chingwe cha greenlyte pulasitiki. Magawo saposa 150 cm, atayika mu njerwa, ndikuyika m'mphepete, ndikulimbikitsidwa mizere iliyonse ndi waya ndi mainchesi a 3-6mm.Mukamalimbikitsa zigawengazo kuchokera mu njerwa, ikani m'mphepete, zomangamanga zimatsogolera mothandizidwa ndi akulu kapena magawo angapo. Izi zikufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti kugona kumene mu mawonekedwe osaphika ndikosakhazikika. Kotero kuti kapangidwe ka sikumachiritsidwa, kumachulukitsa gawo limodzi popanda kupitirira 1-1.5 m. Kenako, tsiku liyenera kudikirira mpaka yankho litagwira, ndipo kenako ndikuyika kapangidwe kake kumapeto.
Ngati gawo la kotala la njerwa likuwoneka kuti silokwanira, ndipo sizovomerezeka kumanga ntchito yomanga (mu poll Vomber) pazifukwa zilizonse, muthanso kulembetsa ndi waya wofewa wa 1.5 -2mm. Amadutsa mu misempha yolumikizidwa kuchokera pansi. Paudalirika wodalirika, waya umalimbikitsidwa kuyika m'maso opingasa a 40-60 cm.
Mukamakonzekera kupaka utoto kapena cholembera, martick artick amakhala amakakamizidwa mbali zonse ziwiri komanso kupaka bwino. M'kati mwa zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, gawo lomwe limafunikira kuti likonzedwe kutalika konse (kapena osachepera 180 cm kuchokera) zinthu zosagwirizana ndi chinyezi, monga matayala a ma acteror a ma acryproof. Chipinda chopopera, mwa njira, gawo likhoza kusunthidwa mbali imodzi, ndipo mbali inayo, ikani matayala pakhoma la njerwa, lingakhale mbuye wabwino.
Pokonzekera kugawa kwa njerwa, samalani: Zojambula zoterezi ndizambiri (1M2 1/2 makick) ndikupanga katundu wowonjezereka pa onyamula. Kuchepetsa unyinji wa kapangidwe kotere, ndikofunikira kugwiritsira ntchito njerwa yopanda tanthauzo. Komabe, ofiira okha ofiira ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito ndi chinyezi chambiri (m'mabafa, zimbudzi ndi makhitchini), popeza ndi mabatani oyera kwambiri. Ngakhale m'nyumba zatsopano za Monolithitic, ndibwino kukhazikitsa njerwa kuti zikhale zazitali, mwachitsanzo, kokha ku bafa, mabafa kapena pafupi ndi zinthu zokulirapo (makhoma ndi mizati). Ngati gawo la magawo apezeka oposa 5 m, ndizomveka kusiya njerwa ndikupezani m'malo mwa mawonekedwe a silikani kapena chindapusa.
Zachidziwikire, mutha kupanga kugawa kuchokera ku njerwa zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zingapo zofiira. Koma katundu wamawu otchinga ndi ma vointi amkati ali otsika. Kuti muchepetse kufalitsa phokoso, ndikofunikira kugona tulo tating'ono tating'ono ndi njerwa za mchenga, koma zolemera, tsoka, chidzachuluka.
Pokonzekera zopitilira muyeso kapena zokambirana ndi wopanga nyumba, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti magawo a njerwa abwereze ndi zophophonya zingapo. Tumizani pamzerewo, mawonekedwe awo ayenera kukhala ogwirizana bwino, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti makonda (ma pusterters ndi ma putty mankhwala) komanso kufunika kwa njira yayikulu yaukadaulo pakati pa "njira" zazikuluzikulu. Kuphatikiza pa misa yayikulu, magulu a njerwa ali ndi mbali ina yoyipa, mtengo wokwera mtengo. Ndipo, tikuwona, zimakhudza sikuti mtengo wambiri wa zida, ndi ndalama zingati zopangira (zomanga ndi pulasitala). Gwirani ntchito pa 1M2 Kuyika magawo a m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa mandimu ndi zowonjezera za $ 10, ndipo kotala la njerwa ndi pafupifupi $ 8.
Ponena za kusankha zinthu, tsopano ndikofunikira kwambiri ndipo palibe kuchepa kwazinthu zabwino. Kuphatikiza pa opanga zapakhomo ("Golitsy Ceramic Ceramic", "Novomosky chomera cha ceramic", "a Nstern Waumic Lathamic", "Kerma ) Misika yakunja imayimiriridwa pamsika, monga terca ndi optaroc (Finland). Njerwa yabwino kwambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (M-100, M-125, M-150) imaperekedwa pamtengo wa $ 0.1-0.2 (1 PC.). SLARICT Brick Brand M-75, M-125, M-150 ikhoza kugulidwa pamtengo wa $ 0.1 mpaka $ 0,5. Zoyera njerwa zoyera kuchokera $ 0.1. Kutha kugula zinthu si vuto, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimadutsa kumbuyo kwawo sikuyiwala dontho. Chowonadi ndichakuti gawo lalikulu la njerwa ndi gwero lachilengedwe lazida. Zimachitika kuti zinthu zochokera ku zigawo zosiyanasiyana zaku Russia kulimba nyumbazo, ndipo zimabweretsa zoterezi. Chifukwa chake musanagule njerwa, onani kuchuluka kwa maziko a radiation ndikofunikira.
Magalasi agalasi
Maboti agalasi ndi "njerwa" okhala ndi mikangano yotsekedwa ndi mbale ziwiri zolumikizidwa pakati pawo, mwina ndi zinthu zokongola kwambiri zogawa. Kutsindika ndi mabatani a thovu ndi njerwa omwe amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Yogwira Ntchito- Khalani ndi Mphamvu yokwanira, kukana moto, kutentha ndi mikhalidwe yomveka, kukhazikika, komanso, luso loletsa kuunika. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatani agalasi ndi zinthu zosagwirizana ndi kutentha, kudzipatula kutentha kwa -40 mpaka pa 50c.
Chilichonse chambiri-theka-theka la galasi "chimapangidwa ndi galasi (6-7mm) galasi. Kukula kwa magombe wamba - 190190 80mm (m'masitolo mutha kupeza zinthu ndi zofunika kwambiri - 240240 80 cm). Unyinji umasiyanasiyana pa 2.2 mpaka 4 kg. Palinso zinthu zamitima yamiyendo yamphamvu (mitima yamphamvu) ya mawonekedwe a rectangolar (kukula kwawo 1909080 cm) zilipo. Pamwamba pa galasi lamakono lagalasi limatha kukhala losalala, lopanda maziko, lowoneka bwino, matte komanso utoto. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana zikusowa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pali mawonekedwe owonekera kwathunthu (okhala ndi makoma osalala), kubalalika kowoneka bwino komanso chopepuka (zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotchingira galasi). Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yachigawo, ambiri opanga amapanganso zopangidwa ndi mangulangu, chifukwa cha ngodya, zigawo, ndi zina zotere. Mwa izi, gawo lomwe lidamangidwa silinamangidwe, chifukwa ntchito zawo ndi zokongoletsera.
Kwa midadada yagalasi yomangirira, mawonekedwe okwera omwe alibe udzu waukulu kapena zokonda zina zomwe zingatulutse pamwamba. Izi zitha kukhala mayankho a simenti, ndi "misomali yamadzi", ndi zina zambiri. Ngati njira yothetsera galasi imagwira ntchito pagalasi, yesani kutsuka nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, misa youma iyenera kulingalira za spriper, zomwe ndizosavuta kuwononga chipikacho.
Kuti muthandizire kukhazikitsa, mota bongo yamatabwa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apulasitiki apamwamba ($ 0.25-0.5 pa chidutswa chilichonse), chifukwa chomwe mungakwaniritse mtunda wokhazikika pakati pa zinthu zokhazikika. Maso ndi seams ndibwino kutseka mawonekedwe a grout, motero kugawa kumawoneka wokongola kwambiri. Kuti mabatani agalasi ali bwino "otsekedwa" ndi simenti, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mizere itatu yopitilira tsiku lililonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti kulumikizana bwino ndi simenti, zimafunikira nthawi yambiri kuposa, mwachitsanzo, njerwa. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi PGP, kugawa kuchokera m'bungwe lagalasi lidzafunika kuyang'ana chitseko cha 80mmm. Kutulutsa kuchokera pamalowo kumatha kukhala chitseko chadziko lonse ndi bokosi loyenda. Mukakhazikitsa kapangidwe kotere, ndikokwanira kuyika mizere yolunjika mu mulifupi kwa gawo ndikugwirizanitsa.
M'malo mwake, mothandizidwa ndi ma cubes ang'onoang'ono "mutha kuthana ndi nyumba yanu mu kiyi yosayembekezeka komanso yoyambirira. Nthawi zambiri, mabatani agalasi amakonzedwa m'bafa, kukhitchini komanso ngakhale mchipinda chochezera, kulekanitsa malo amodzi a nyumbayo kunyumba kuchokera kwina. Magawo operekera ma curvinear amatha kumangidwa, pomwe ma radius ocheperako ndi 5 m. Palibe amene amakuvutitsani kuti muike magombe ndi magawo a chitsitsimutso. Mwina luso lokhalo la zinthuzi ndi mtengo wofunikira kwambiri. Magalasi agalasi ndi pafupifupi $ 1.5 mpaka $ 50 pa chidutswa chilichonse. Tsopano mu msika waku Russia ukuwonetsedwa pamitundu yotsika mtengo komanso yapamwamba kwambiri yopanga nyumba (1 ma PC - kuchokera $ 0,8), kuchokera ku "Glass Glogn" Glass Glass "nyenyezi nyenyezi". Kuchuluka koyenera kwa mtengo ndi mtundu wake kumadzitamandira kukrablok (Czech Republic), Saint-Gobain (Framain), VERY) ndi ena. Ntchito yokhayo ingakhale ntchito ya ambuye: Ntchito yabwino Magawo osiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana $ 14 mpaka $ 25 (1M2).
Magawo oyeserera
Pazigawo za chipangizochi cha mtundu uwu, ma sheet gowboard, fiberboard ndi chipboard amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Magawo ofala kwambiri okhala ndi mapepala a pulasitala (GLC) kuchokera pamakampani "Kniaf gypsum" (Russia) ndi Gyproc (England).Magawo omwe ali ndi scracs ndi ophweka ndipo adakweza msanga, potero kuchepetsa nthawi. Ubwino wina wosasinthika wa glic umakhala kuti umatha kupangidwa ndi makoma okhala ndi mafomu osweka kapena opindika, ndipo amadzipangira okha kungochepetsa malo othandiza m'chipindacho.
Kutalika kovomerezeka kwa kachidutswa ka sepsel Septum (12.5 mm) kumatengera kukula kwa gawo la mtanda wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtunda pakati pawo mu chimango, komanso kuchokera ku yankho lopindulitsa. Kutalika kwa malonda koteroko kumatha kufikira 5-6,5 m, ndi unyinji wa 1m2-25 kg. Poyerekeza: Septum pamtengo wamatabwa (Bar GARE 6080mm) imatha kukhala yotalika mpaka 4.1 m (misa 1-5 kg). Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lokhazikika kwambiri (95mm yolimba kwambiri) pa chimango chimodzi, chosaka ndi pepala la 12.5-mm mbali iliyonse, limakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa madola 0,2. Mapangidwe ofananawo, koma okutidwa kale ndi mapepala awiri omwe ali mbali iliyonse, amapereka chipembedzo chomveka cha 45 ndipo chimatha kupirira hira lotseguka la ola limodzi.
Ngati mupachikidwe pazinthu zilizonse zolemera (mwachitsanzo, mabuku, kusunga mabuku), kumbukirani kuti katundu yemwe ali papangidwe sangakhale wamkulu kuposa 70 makilogalamu kutalika kulikonse kwakanthawi. Zinthu zowoneka bwino, misa ya yomwe imapitilira 15 kg (mwachitsanzo, zithunzi kapena mashelufu), zimayimitsidwa mwachindunji pa plasterboard Trim pogwiritsa ntchito masikelo. Magawo a Glkl amakulolani kunyamula zobisika. Pamalo omalizidwa, mapepala a zikopa nthawi zambiri amasunga kapena kuyika pulasitala yokongoletsera, ndipo mutha kusiya pansi osamaliza.
Mtengo wa 1M2 wa gawo la pulasitala la ma busterboard ndi $ 20-50 (kupatula kukhazikitsa kwake) ndikudalira kasinthidwe kake, kapangidwe ka zigawo, kutalika kwa magawo. Ntchito yokhazikitsa idzafunikira kuwonjezera 10-20% ya mtengo wa zida. Werengani zambiri za magawo a magawo a "Chiroma chokhala ndi platerton" kufalitsa m'chipinda chino.
Kodi chete kuli kotheka?
Ili ndi limodzi mwa mafunso akulu omwe afunsidwa ndi omwe agawika ku ofesi kuchokera kwa nazale, ndipo chipinda chogona, chomwe chimakhala chakumadzulo, abale a Kinoman amakhala kutsogolo kwa Screen. Sizokayikitsa kuti mungaganizire moyo wabwino komanso wopanda phokoso ngati tsiku lotanganidwa lomwe mukufuna kugona, mudzakakamizidwa kumvetsera zokambirana m'chipinda chotsatira, nthongo monga choncho. Inde, ndipo makanema apanyumba ali ndi mawu ozungulira sizachilendo kuti asaphatikize mphamvu zapakati. Chitetezo cha phokoso limafunikira. Koma kodi magawo ayenera kuyika zinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kusokonezedwa kuti athandize izi?
Kumverera kwa zodzikongoletsera (zokutira, makoma ndi magawo) ndiko kufowoka kumveka ndikuchepetsa kukakamiza kwa phokoso (kapena mphamvu zomveka) zolowera m'chipinda chodekha. Nthawi yomweyo, phokoso la mpweya (limachitika mlengalenga ndipo, chifukwa cha mafunde a mpweya, amafalikira kudzera m'magulu omwe adalimbikitsa) ndi magoma (akuwoneka mkati mwakukugwerani, yatulutsidwa mchipindacho m'njira yofuulira.
Mitengo yomanga imayambitsa lingaliro la lingaliro la kumveka (index yopanda tanthauzo - RW), yomwe imayezedwa mu Desks. Mtengo uwu sudalira dera la chipindacho, kapena kumverera mawu omveka mmenemo ndikugwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha. Mhnn 2.04-97 "Mfundo Zovomerezeka, Zofunika Kwambiri ndi Zofunikira Pamanja Anthu okhala" RW Pamagulu (nyumba zapamwamba), Zatsopano nyumba), 50 DB- ya nyumba zanyumba mu (nyumba zakale).
Monga chidziwitso chosinkhasinkha, zitsanzo zoterezi zitha kuperekedwa. Zogawa njerwa zochokera mu njerwa zofiira, zopaka mbali zonse ziwiri, zokhala ndi mfundo zotsatirazi: Khoma mungu (makulidwe ndi 150mm plaster) - DB; khoma mu 1 njerwa (makulidwe ndi 280mm plaster) - 54 DB; Khoma mu njerwa ziwiri (makulidwe ndi pulasitala 530mm) - 60 DB.
Kupanga phokoso la mpweya wa mlengalenga kuchokera pamasamba awiri a Gvl wandiweyani mafelemu a 50mm (mawonekedwe a ubweya wa 50mm) ndi mafelemu a 10mm ali pafupifupi 53 DB. Pankhaniyi, makulidwe athunthu a kapangidwe ka 160mm.
Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa gulu la zisudzo mu chipinda, njerwa za njerwa kapena mabatani ang'onoam ndizabwino kuposa zonunkhira zotsika mtengo, ndikudutsa phokoso lotsika komanso lazikulu (ndipo sinema?). Tsopano, makoma a pulasitiki amatetezedwa bwino ku phokoso lanyumba (mwachitsanzo, mawu a anthu, okwera momwe mungathere ma anderquencies).
Ngakhale njira yayikulu ndikuwoneka bwino m'chipindacho - kuwonjezeka kwa magawo. Ngati makina oyambira ndi mbiri ya 50mm ndi ma sheet awiri a glc ali ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 100mm, gawo la mafelemu osiyanasiyana ndi 160mm. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa mawu otchinga kumafanana ndi chizindikiro chofanana ndi khoma lalikulu kwambiri la njerwa imodzi (280mm). Ndipo ngati chikhumbo chanu chofuna kumveka bwino kwambiri, muyenera kukhala ndi malo ena othandiza. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yomanga nyumba, nyumba zomwe zimaphatikizika ndi zida zophatikizika zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma nkhaniyi ndi yokulirapo kuti ndikofunikira kuziganizira m'nkhani inayake.
Zipangizo za chipangizo chogwirizira
| Malaya | Miyeso, mm. | Kusunga Moto, Ch | Misa 1m2, kg | Mawu olakwika, DB | Mtengo, $ | Mtengo 1M2 imagwira, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Njerwa yofiyira | 12025065. | 2.5 (ndi makulidwe a septum 120mm) | Pafupifupi 260 (mu Brick Brick) | 45. | 1-1,5 / ma PC. | 9-25 |
| Masiketi a gasi | 600250150. | 1.5-3 (ndi makulidwe a septum 120mm) | 7-8 | 37-40 | 25 / M3. | 6-8 |
| Mabatani azosangalatsa | 600300100 (200) | 2.5-4 (ndi makulidwe a gawo 140mm) | 210. | 37-40 | 46 / M3. | 6-8 |
| Magalasi agalasi | 19019080. | Osachepera 1. | 70 (ndi unyinji wa chipilala chimodzi cha 2.5 makilogalamu) | 40-45 | 2-10 / PC. | 20-25 |
| Slagoblocks | 39018890. | Pafupifupi 1. | Pafupifupi 180. | 43-46 | 0.4-0.8 / PC. | 6-8 |
| Maplowa a Plasterboard | - | 0.75-1.9 | 25-50 | 43-55 | 15-22 / M2. | 6-12. |
| Mafashoni | 66750080 (100) | 2. | Pafupifupi 90. | 41 (kwa mbale zogwera 80mm); 45 (ya ma mbale okumbika) | 10-11 / M2. | 2-3. |
Mitengo yomanga septummermer a septummer oyezera 42.70 m (makulidwe mu 1/2 njerwa)
| Malaya | nambala | Mtengo pa unit, $ | Mtengo wonse wa zinthu, $ | Mtengo wonse wa ntchito, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLART njerwa | 650 ma PC. | 0.20 / PC. | 130. | 141. |
| Wabanda | 16 m / p M. | 0.50 / POG. M. | zisanu ndi zitatu | Kuphatikizidwa pamtengo |
| Kankho | 0.5m3 | 20m3 | 10 | Myeta |
| Pulasitala | 500 kg | 0.10 / kg | fifite | 113. |
| Chabwino | 90 kg | 0.50 / kg | 45. | 84. |
| Zodula (kusankha): | ||||
| penti | 11 kg | 7 / kg | 77. | 5 / M2. |
| Mapanelo | 21,622. | 20 / M2. | 432. | 15 / M2. |
| cha pepala | 4.5 Rulna | 10 / roll | 120. | Kuchokera pa 4 / m2 |