Ndiye ndi mtundu wanji wa mankhwalawa - bolodi yayikulu? Zojambula ndi zopangidwa, zopanga, opanga, mitengo.
2. Cabium
3. Colot
4. Nucleus
5. Pachibale
Chithunzi m.stepanov
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi A. Babaev
Mabowo 1 obowola mu plywood ndi kukhazikitsa kwa magalasi apulasitiki;
2 - Kuyika kwa ma ralts-racks mu nyanga;
3-Phiri la BURS-racks ndi zitsulo pansi
1 - Pakati pa bomba la zosefukira ndi makoma amasiya kusiyana kwa 7-10 mm;
2 - Kuthamanga kudutsa kutsogolo kwa mzere woyamba;
3 - Bowo limakhala lonyansa kuchokera kumbali ya Ridge pa 50
Kwa gulu lathu, gulu lalikulu la pansi nthawi yomweyo zatsopano ndi zachikale. Zakale, chifukwa matabwa a matabwa adakhalako ku Russia kuyambira kale. Zatsopano, chifukwa nthawi zina adangochita zokhumba ndi chophimba pansi ndipo mwanjira ina kuiwala ogula.
Makamaka posachedwapa, bolodi ngati zokutira pansi lidagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zotsika mtengo kwambiri, monga omusamalira. Nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti, kukwera pansi "kwa anthu ambiri" kapena "chidole cha makumi asanu" chinakhala nyumba zambiri zachilengedwe, matabwa obiriwira. Nyumba za nyumba yaadanist ya nyumba yakaleyi zidasonyezedwera ndi tinoele, linoleum, komanso kuchotsedwa ndikutaya ndikutayika. Anina wochokera kuma 60s m'malo okwera kwambiri okwera pansi sanagwiritsidwe ntchito konse.
Ndiye kodi dothi lalikulu lotere ndi lotani? Kodi zinatheka bwanji kuti mafashoni amenewo anabwera kwa iye kuchokera kumadzulo? Mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri amapangidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri pamaphunziro amakono, ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yamakono. Bodi yapamwamba kwambiri ili ndi conde-pove maphwando onse anayi, omwe amalola pansi mwamphamvu. M'lifupi mwake limachokera ku 80 mpaka 150mm, kutalika ndi kuyambira 600 mpaka 3000mm. Makulidwe omwe afotokozedwawo amatha kukhala 20-22mm. Makampani apakhomo amaikidwa pa pempho ndi thicker, 30-355mm. Zogulitsa zimasanjidwa ndi kapangidwe ka nkhuni, ndiko kuti, pakudula, popezeka kwa bitch, malinga ndi kusowa kwa zoyipa ndi zoyipa zamatabwa. Yophika, monga mukudziwa, ndiakale ndi radial. Komabe, tinapita ndi vuto lovuta komanso losokoneza lomwe limayang'anizana ndi opanga onse ndi ogulitsa, komanso ogula. Ndipo anakangana, tsoka, wolemba wa mizere iyi.
Kusanjidwa
Zotsatsa zikuyesera ndi zotsatsa za mtundu: Kach. "," Kuyanika kwa Arikhanati ", etc. makampani ambiri, limodzi ndi mitengo ina," kuthamangitsa "kumsika. Sitingochita kunena kuti zinthuzi ndi zoipa, koma kuti tiwone mtundu wawo ndikuzindikira mitundu yopanda katswiri. Osati kuyang'ana pa euthets ngati "Euro" kapena "osankhika".Malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito posungiramo malo osungiramo saitanidwa. Nthawi zambiri bolodi limagona pansi, osakhazikika. Msungwana wa Brisk, wogulitsa - wosunga malo, akulozera ku malo amodzi ambiri a mita atatu, akuti: "Iyi ndiye" sankhani ". Kenako imawonetsa". Mayina a mitundu, inde, ndi okongola, ndi zomwe akutanthauza? Ndipo ambiri, ndi? Mwina m'sitolo yayikulu yolimba tidzafotokoza chilichonse? Koma mu sitolo yayikulu yolimba, wogulitsa sakanayankha momveka bwino kuposa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitengo yofananirayo chifukwa chowonjezera, koma osiyanasiyana "zowonjezera", ndipo sanamve chilichonse chokhudza "kulimba". Ngakhale, zoona, kusiyana kwake kumayendetsedwa bwino pamtengo. Lipoti limodzi.
Koma, ngati mungatonthoze pang'ono ndikuwonetsa, muyenera kuvomereza kuti mitengoyo idakalibe ndi zinthu komanso, mwina, sizingachitike kukhazikika kovuta. A ipto a a ipto? Zili choncho kuti palibenso nduna zazikulu motero. Kukongoletsa kwina kunapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito "Parquet Hall", akutipatsa chikalata chowongolera chomwe amalowa mu ntchito yawo. Zachidziwikire, iwo samatsogozedwa ndi iye yekha, pagulu pali ntchito zantchito komanso zoyenerera. Koma muogula kosavuta, sizingakhale zosangalatsa, chifukwa zili ndi chidule komanso chothandiza kuyambira nthawi 2695-83 "matabwa a Vamberood. Mikhalidwe yaukadaulo. " Poyerekeza, timapereka zofunikira zothandizira panthaka ndi bolodi (onani tebulo pansipa).
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera pakudula, kusankha nkhuni za parquet kumachitika m'magulu awiri - A ndi B. Kungoganiza ndi mtengo wa bitch, kutsogolo - Mangani mpaka 15 mm, mwa mulifupi mwake mpaka 20mm. Gulu B (kalasi yoyamba) - wovomerezeka ndi mtengo wa zisungunuke (osati zopitilira zitatu), kutsogolo-mulifupi ndi 15mm, iliyonse. Magawo a Bordee ndi osavomerezeka, ming'alu, dambo.
Monga akatswiri adauzidwa, chifukwa cha bolodi lalikulu, magulu awa a madelo alinso ovomerezeka. Koma sikuti zonse ndi zophweka kwambiri. Zikuwonekeratu kuti, kukhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kotereku kukula, paraquet bar, mwachitsanzo, bolodi ya mita atatu silingasanjidwe chimodzimodzi. Tiyeni titsegulenso ku maofesi a kalelo. Tidzawonetsa mitundu itatu yokha ya matabwa - 1, 2, 3. Tsatanetsatane wazomwe zalembedwa pamatoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilewere zopepuka zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mitundu, kutengera kukula kwa malonda. Nthawi yomweyo, kulolera kumakhala kwakukulu kokwanira, ndipo kumawonjezeka ndi kukula kwa masamba.
Zofunikira Zamakono za gulu lalikululi lidasiyananso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake opanga ambiri amalimbitsa malingana ndi njira zawo, zolimba kwambiri komanso zambiri (zomwe timakumana nazo kuti "zomwe zikuchitika" zomwe zidalipo kale). Mwachitsanzo, kampani yamakampani yanyumba yamatanda adapanga dongosolo lomwe limaphatikizapo magawo 8 osintha kuyambira nthawi yosankha nkhalango yozungulira yomwe ikumalizidwa. Mitundu itatu imaperekedwa kuti: "Pulogalamu", "sankhani" ndi "Natur", mkati mwake muli ma subgroup awiri omwe amatsimikizira mtundu wa masapatu komanso osakanikirana). "Pulogalamu" (kalasi yoyamba) imasankhidwa nkhuni popanda zoyipa ndi zolakwika zilizonse. "Sankhani" imalola mfundo zazing'ono zazing'ono zazikazi, mitengo yopanda nyemba. "Othandizira" amathetsa zolimba zingapo osatsitsa. Mitundu ina siikayikiridwa ndi "ziwonetsero" zosiyanasiyana "mwachitsanzo, birch, bechch. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha miyala yotsimikizira ndi malo otchedwa restin masamba, ophatikizidwa ndi ma rentin (opumira). Kutengera ndi miyezo ya kampani, bolodi la larch lomwe lili ndi matumba ang'onoang'ono kapena pang'ono pompopompo pokonza limatanthawuza zosiyanasiyana.
Kutsimikiza chinyontho
Kuti mudziwe chinyezi Pali chida chapadera - electrolloger. Kuchita kwake kumakhazikitsidwa pakusintha mawonekedwe opanga magetsi, kutengera chinyezi chake. Singano ya chipangizocho ndi mawaya olumikizidwa ndi iwo amalowetsedwa mumtengo ndikudutsa kudzera mwa magetsi. Kuchuluka kwa chipangizochi kumawonetsa chinyezi cha nkhuni komwe singano imayambitsidwa.
Ambuye okhwima amatha kudziwa chinyezi cha mtengowo. Zinthu zonyowa kwambiri ndizosavuta kudula, njira yonyowa imawonekera pandime. Ngati, pokonzanso mbale, chip wopyapyala, wopsinjika ndi dzanja, chimakhala chisanu mosavuta, zikutanthauza kuti zinthuzo ndi zonyowa. Ngati tchipisi chikule ndikugundika - zinthuzo ndizouma mokwanira. Dziwani chinyezi cha nkhuni, kusiyana kwa ming'alu kumapeto kapena kumangika, kutentha, mtundu wake kutumphuka ndi kukula kwake kumangokhala bwino chifukwa cha nkhuni, kachulukidwe kake ndi zinthu zina. Izi zitha kukhala akatswiri okha.
Nthawi zambiri makampani amasangalala ndi dzina lomweli, koma zinthu zimabisidwa mu mtundu wa mtunduwo. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pazogulitsa zomwe zatumizidwa. Chifukwa chake, tikukulangizani kuti mugule zinthu kuti mutsimikizidwe mu msika wa ogulitsa akulu ndi opanga. Atanyamula chizindikiro, amasankha mosankha. Chitsimikizo china pamene kusankha ndi mtengo wa malonda - kukwera mtengo ndikokwera, kuli bwino kwambiri. Kubwezera mtengo wotsika pano kudzakhala mlangizi woyipa. Ngati mungaganize zopita kwina ndikuluma m'mafunde a msika wamtchire, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro otsatirawa posankha bolodi lalikulu. Sachita zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi alendowo - mwa china chake mwa iwo, mu chinthu china chophatikiza, koma amapereka lingaliro lamphamvu.
Giredi "apamwamba." Mbali yakutsogolo imaloledwa:
- Kutalika kwapadera pulasitiki ndi m'mphepete mwa 3,5% kutalika;
- Zokhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri ndi mainchesi 3-5mm mu 1 pc. pa 1 p m;
- Tsimikizirani matumba ochulukirapo 1 pc. Kutalika kokhazikika.
- Kukhalapo kwa osasinthika kwaming'alu mpaka 200mm;
- Kukhalapo kwa buluu, osachoka kutsogolo;
- Osatinso kumbali ya phirilo popanda malire, malinga ndi gawo la crest lili ndi 3mm.
Gawo "Choyamba." Mbali yakutsogolo imaloledwa:
- Kutalika kwapadera pulasitiki ndi m'mphepete mwa 1% kutalika;
- Zomwe zili ndi mwayi wolumikizidwa ndi 20mm mu kuchuluka kwa 2 ma PC. pa 1 p m;
- Zomwe zili mkati mwazinthu zosakanizika ndi zosafunikira ndi mainchesi okwanira 20mm mu 1 pc. pa 1 p m;
- Ming'alu ndi pulasitiki ndi kuwongolera osadzipatula kusinthika ndi kutalika kwa 1/6 makulidwe ndi kutalika kwamatumbo;
- Ming'alu ya osakhala panonso kuposa 200mm;
- malo amtambo ndi owoneka bwino amtundu wamtundu wa malo ndi mipanda;
- Matumba osakhwima mu 2 ma PC. pa 1 p m;
- Zikondwerero, tchipisi, kudula zakuya zosaposa 2mm;
- Osakhala ocheperako kuposa 50mm.
- kupezeka kwa ming'alu yosakhazikika yopanda malire;
- Osatinso kumbali ya phirilo popanda malire, malinga ndi gawo la crest lili ndi 3mm.
Timber yomwe kalasi yomwe kalasi yomwe kalasi yofotokozedwayo ikufotokozedwa moyerekezera ndi "zapamwamba" ndi "Choyamba", sioyenera kumaliza malo okhala. Ndioyenera kupangidwa ndi zitsulo zokongoletsera, kumaliza ntchito zosakhala ndi nyumba komanso zaukadaulo.
Zojambula zina nkhuni
Ming'alu. Mapangidwe awo monga momwe zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zovuta zamkati zimakhudzira thunthu. Ponyani paming'alu yozizira, mothandizidwa - zimawonekera chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa chinyezi chamkati mozizira; Ming'alu ya mphira imalekanitsidwa ndi zigawo zina ndi ming'alu yazigawo, pitani pa mbiya kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pamwamba. Onsewa amabwera chifukwa cha zipsinjo zamkati zamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, ming'alu imatha kuwoneka ngati kutalika kwa mtengo wolimba.
Garu Kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa mtengo. Mkati mwa nthambi, mphamvu zimachepa, chifukwa pambuyo pouma, bitch nthawi zambiri imatha kulumikizana ndi maziko ndikugwa. Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kwathanzi kumakhala ndi mtundu wowala, pafupifupi pafupi ndi nsalu zapafupi, ndipo kumalumikizidwa ndi kapangidwe kake. Bwalo la kugwera lokhala lozungulira lozungulira ndi gawo lamdima loyera mu mawonekedwe a mphete. Kuwola kovunda nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako kukula kwake, chifukwa cha nkhuni zazikulu, koma zimawonjezera mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake.
Kososala. - Uwu ndiye malo otsetsereka a ulusi, kupatuka kosiyanasiyana kwa njira yochokera ku therenti yayitali ya mtengo. Matabwa okhala ndi nsanje zoterezi sazindikira katundu. Makasitomala a chitolirochi amapeza mafunde okhala ndi majeteleza ndi kupindika kupindika kwa zigawo za pachaka.
Gawo - Chilema chomwe chidabuka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamiyendo kwa mtengo. Nthawi zambiri, m'malo ano pali mawanga bowa ndi "kufinya". Malangizo awa amawononga mawonekedwe a nkhuni ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zitheke.
Zotupa za Bossion Dzukani chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhudza nkhuni zamakina a konkriti, zimasintha mphamvu zake ndi utoto.
| Chinthu | Chepetsani kupatuka kuchokera ku zinthu mwadzidzidzi, mm | Kupatuka kuchokera kumphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mm | Kupatuka ndege | Chinyontho cha nkhuni,% | Malamulo | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ndi lenght | M'mbali mwa | Chachikulu | Wautali | chosinthira | ||||
| Bolodi yayikulu | + 50 ...- 25 | 2 Pakukwera ma board mpaka 100mm; 3 kupitirira 100mm | 1 ya ma boards okwanira mpaka 32mm | Osayika | 0,5% ya kutalika konse | 1% ya m'lifupi mwake | Tsonte * | Gost 2695-83 |
| Putate | 0,3. | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,6mm kutalika kwa 1 m | 0.2mm | 9 3. | GOST 862.1-85 ** |
| * - "Holls Hall" Pali njira yake yamilandu yamiyala yamitengo yayikulu, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi paterite ndipo ndi 93%; ** - Post 862.1-85 ". Gawo la parquet. Mikhalidwe yaukadaulo » |
Thabwa
Mu micrestrustery yake, nkhuni ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe. Maselo ake a-firni amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a tubular ndikuwongolera m'mphepete mwa mbiya. Zachilengedwe zidaperekanso izi ngati zabwino zingapo. Matanda opha mafuta ali ndi kulemera kochepa, kumakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kukwezedwa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka, zinthuzo ndizotheka kugwira zitsulo. Kuchulukitsa kwa mtengo wa mtengowo, kukweza ndalama kuti akoke screw kapena msomali. Kuumitsa kumatsimikizira kuthekera kwa nkhuni kukana kulowa kwa zinthu zolimba. Kuchulukitsa ndi kuuma kwa zinthuzo, zocheperako zimavalira zake, ndiko kuti, kuthekera kukana chiwonongeko.
Koma, limodzi ndi zabwino, matabwa ali ndi zovuta. Mphamvu za mtengowu ndizosiyana kwambiri mu njirayo kapena ku ulusiwo, izi zimatchedwa "aniotropy". Mtengowo unali ndi tsoka ndipo sanali mwayi ndi "malo olembetsa", mbiya yake imakhala ndi zoyipa za kapangidwe kake. Ndipo katundu wotsutsana kwambiri wa mtengowu ndi hygroscophicity. Mbali imodzi, kusintha chinyezi chake, kutengera chilengedwe, matabwa amatha kuwongolera chinyezi cha anthu, ndipo kunja) kudzera mu makhoma (SARARD) kapena kuwawonetsa (Decorption). Gulu Lokhazikika, kuthekera kotupa kumadzetsa kuwononga chinyezi, komanso ngakhale kulimbikitsidwa. Zipinda zopangidwa ndi zodula zotsika mtengo zimatsika ndi mtundu. Zouma kwambiri, zimayatsidwa mosavuta, motero moto wowopsa.
Katundu wotchulidwa si wosiyana ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana yamatabwa. Zinthu zathupi zimatha kusiyanasiyana mwamphamvu mu chimango cha mtundu womwewo ngakhale mtengo umodzi. Zowonadi, popeza kulibe anthu awiri ofanana, palibe mitengo iwiri yotchuka. Mwachitsanzo, mzere wapakati, chifukwa cha nyengo yochepa, mtengowo udzakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kapinga kakang'ono ka kapangidwe kake kuposa mtundu wake, womwe umayamba kum'mwera, m'malo abwino. Ngakhale m'nyengo imodzi ya thundu, yodulidwa pamtunda wamavuto, imasiyana mu mtundu, chithunzi cha mphete zapachaka kuchokera ku thundu la panduna, wobzala dothi louma.
Lingaliro la kapangidwe ka thunthu limapereka gawo la mtanda. Ndikotheka kusiyanitsa magawo awa: 1-cortex, carbimes 2, nsalu 3, 4-core, 5-core. Kutalika kwa kukula kwa khoma la ma cell a nkhuni pafupi ndi pakati, pang'onopang'ono asinthe kapangidwe kake, kuyenda kwa misuzi m'gawo lino la mbiya kumatha, kukhala kovuta kwambiri ndikuyika. Gawo ili la thunthu m'mitundu ina imatchedwa pachimake, m'matangadza. Zabolov imatchedwa gawo laling'ono lomwe lili pafupi ndi kutumphuka ndikukhala ndi maselo amoyo. Imanyowa kwambiri, mosavuta imazungulira, imakhala ndi mphamvu yaying'ono. Mabodi a Iwo, mwatsoka, amakonda kukweza ndi kuyanika. Pachiyambi core ndi "chubu" pakatikati pa thunthu - limakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso katundu mosavuta.
Mitundu yomwe pakatikati imasiyana ndi chloride yokhala ndi chinyezi chamdima komanso chinyezi chaching'ono, chimatchedwa "phokoso". Mabukuwa akuphatikizapo pine, lach, ceda, thundu, thundu ndi ena. Aley, firch, gawo lalikulu la thunthu lokha ndi chinyezi chocheperako. Ili ndiye "zopanda pake". Palinso "miyala" ya Sabot yomwe siyingawoneke kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa gawo lakunja ndi kunja kwa thunthu. Mabukuwa akuphatikizaponso Birch, Maple, Alden, Etcn, malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane oterewa athandizira kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa zinthu kuchokera pamenepo. Chifukwa chake, m'mitundu yambiri, kudula kokwanira kumakhala ndi zabwino zambiri pa chokhacho, kukhazikika kwa geometry ndipo palibe kumenyedwa ndi pulasitiki. Momwemo, mtengo wake ndi wosiyana.
Popeza tinayamba kulankhula za miyala yamitengo, tiyeni tidzisamalire za iwo omwe ambiri amakonda kupanga bolodi yayikulu.
Pine. Kuyambira kale, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga kumpoto ndi pakati, chifukwa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thunthu lalitali, losalala, lowongoka. Ku Russia, idasankhidwa ndi sheds, ndikuwonetsa manema. Mtengowo sunali wokhazikika, koma wosavuta kugwira ntchito, stroko, kugonana ndi kulimba komanso kokhazikika pazosiyanasiyana. Panjira painiyo imayikidwa mosavuta, koma kudutsa komwe kumakhala kovuta komanso kopusa. Kugona bwino ndikusunga guluu. Makhalidwe abwino amadziwika ndi pine, akukula pamapiri owuma (owala, kubowola). Imakhala yolimba ndikukakamizidwa, gawo lophukira mbali iliyonse limakhala lalitali. Pine yovuta kwambiri pine, ikukula pamalo otsetsereka (ore, Mendova). Ili ndi nkhuni zotumbuzi ndi zotayirira zazitali zazaka imodzi. Pine ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika komanso yofalikira komanso yoyenereratu. Komabe, mtundu wake ndi kapangidwe kake sizikongoletsa kwambiri, komanso zokongoletsera ndi zingwe (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa zidendene) zimakhala zosavuta.
Lach. Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri mtengo wa mitengo. Zofunika kwambiri pomanga. Ngakhale kuli kovuta, nkhuni zake zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zokulirapo, zoposa munduwu komanso wotsika pang'ono chabe kwa iye. Adapirira chimodzimodzi mlengalenga ndi m'madzi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka Trin (Zhivikuta) sagwirizana ndi kuvunda, kukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo, sikufunikira kumenyedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, popita nthawi, lamba la larch ndikungopeza mphamvu zokha. Ndi kuyanika pafupifupi popanda mgwirizano. Kuwuma pachapukuta, amawuma kwambiri, komanso akakhala mogwirizana, momeza amawonongeka kwambiri. Mosavuta ndipo amakonzedwa bwino ndi chida chamanja. Pulogalamuyi ndi yolumikizana pojambula, olemera mumitundu ya utoto ndipo imawonekera kwambiri.
Oak. Ili ndi mtengo wolimba ndi wolimba. Pa spire, zigawo za chaka chimodzi zikufotokozedwa mwamphamvu, mu gawo la masika lomwe muli pores ambiri. Mawonekedwe apadera a dub - kupezeka kwa ma ray pafupipafupi. Matabwa achichepere amadziwika ndi imvi, kuuma ndi kusinthasintha. Woonda wakale wachikasu komanso wosalimba. Mitundu yambiri ya oak imadziwika, koma imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Pachipululu chimaphatikizanso mitengo yomwe imakula kumwera ndikuti masamba awo ndi achikasu pakugwa, koma amangogwa nthawi yozizira kapena kasupe pomwe "adzakanda". Mtunduwu umatchedwa chisanu, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wofunika kwambiri. Gulu lina la mitengo limveke limadziwika ndi kuti ma acorns awo amakhala owuma. Awa ndi omwe amatchedwa mitengo ya masika. Mtengo wawo ndi wowoneka bwino, zoterectotte ndi imvi, ndiyotsika malinga ndi mikhalidwe yake. Matabwa abwino kwambiri amapereka oak wazaka 80-150-wazaka zodwala, wokulungidwa m'nkhalango zowirira (a Chernoonie). Nkhalango zotsekemera sizimadziwika ndi mitengo yabwino, monga mitengo ikuluikulu yawo, monga lamulo, squat, wandiweyani ndi bitch. Akatswiri amatenga thundu la muyezo wa muyezo, kufananitsa mitundu ina yamitengo ndi nkhuni zake.
Phulusa. Imakhala ndi nkhuni zopepuka ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, imatha kukwaniritsa kukula kwa chimphona ndi makulidwe. Kuumitsa kuli kwapamwamba kuposa mtengo. Mtengowu ndi wandiweyani, wolemera, koma zotanuka. Phulusa limakhala ndi zosintha za m'mlengalenga, mu mawonekedwe owuma ndi olimba, koma, pokhala waiwisi, amakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi ma tizilombo.
Mapulo. Wood ndi wowala, pafupifupi oyera, okhala ndi ma smessals ang'onoang'ono a silika. Ndiwowoneka bwino, wodziwika ndi kuuma wamba ndipo ulibe costelor. Maple ali ndi vuto lalikulu pamlingo ndipo amapewa Duzogt bwino, ndife tokha, omwe amakondedwa kwambiri ndi master - mats - Masles ... "). Klennodnia Maple amaphatikizapo mapulo a mapulo, mapulo oyera, Yavor, ndege. Chotsirizika chimadziwika ndi mtengo wowiritsa wowira pinki utoto wachikaso wokhala ndi ma sky a bulauni.
Beech. Mtundu wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi mtengo wonyezimira wa pinki ndi malo ambiri onyentchera. Kutsika pang'ono pamphamvu kwa thundu, koma pomwe kuyanika ndi kuswana kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, mtengowo umachepa kwambiri, adadulidwa pakati pa chilimwe, kenako, patatha chaka, adawona pamatabwa, omwe adawona m'madzi, omwe adayika m'madzi ndikusungidwa mkati mwake. The Beech the seech limasokonekera mosavuta ndipo itayanika, imasunga mawonekedwe ophatikizidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando yotchuka ya Vienna. Zoyenera kupanga zolimbitsa thupi.
Birch. Amadziwika ndi kuwala kwambiri, pafupifupi mtengo woyera wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osaonekera. Maloto ovomerezeka ochokera kumitundu ina, birch ilibe kusiyana kwakukulu mu katundu wa radial ndi tamangaal stussion, thambo lake silimasiyana ndi mitengo yaphokoso. Imakhala bwino, sills, penu ndi ndege. Pang'onopang'ono komanso osalimbikitsa, ndipo amayamba kutha. Mwambiri, birch camering, chifukwa zimakonda chinyezi. Matango wabwino kwambiri amapereka zaka 40-50, kenako mikhalidwe yake yabwino imatsika. Woonda wakale ndi wakuda.
Rosewood. Amakula m'nyengo yotentha ya South America ndi East India. Zokongola, zamtengo wapatali, koma zotsika mtengo kwambiri zokhala ndi fungo labwino, zomwe ankakonda kutchedwa "mtengo wa violele." Wood ndi wokhazikika kwambiri, wandiweyani, wowonda komanso wowonda, ngakhale kuti mphamvu zimatsika ndi mtengo wofiira. Brown yofiirira yokhala ndi matupi ofiirira amasinthana ndi chikasu, ndikupanga zojambula zokongola. Popita nthawi, rosewood imayamba kuda.
Kuyika bolodi yayikulu
Bolo lalikulu liyenera kuyikidwa m'zipinda zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo zokutira zachilengedwe. Kuvomerezedwa ndi kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- Zipangizo zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuphatikizika m'chipinda chomwe chidzaikidwe, kwa masiku atatu (kuposa sabata).
- Chinyezi cha nkhuni chizikhala 8-10% (chovomerezeka chimadziwika kuti ndi 12%).
- Zofukizira pansi zimakhazikika pa gawo lomaliza.
- Mabokosi a Windows ndi Khoot uyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malo mwamiyala, yolingana ndi momwe madamu, makoma, amadziwikiratu.
- Kutalika kwa matayala kuyenera kuyenera kumaliza, chifukwa ndi "njira yonyowa" makamaka ngati pali chiyanjano m'chipinda chimodzi cha zokutira pansi (mwachitsanzo, pophatikiza khitchini komanso chipinda chogona).
- Chabwino, ngati wachibale chinyontho chinyezi chinyezi cha 40-60%.
Mwachilengedwe, pambuyo pake ndi zokutira zodula zakunja, kunalibe mavuto, ndikofunikira kukonza moyenera maziko ake. Njira za chipangizocho ndi zingapo. Chosankha choyenera chikuyenera kusankhidwa kutengera mtundu wa kuchuluka mnyumbamo, komanso zokhumba zanu komanso mwayi. Board yayikulu ikhoza kuyikidwa pamatanthwe olimbikitsidwa: pamanja; pamanja ndi fane; Pamalo ndi Paneur osatsanulira malingwe; osinthika osinthika. Pamiyala yamatabwa ndi yosakanikirana, imayikidwa pama lagi ndi Faera; Pamalo ndi mbale (Osp, chipboard, fiberboard); pa ma lagi ndi pansi pamatabwa. Tikukuuzani mwatsatanetsatane pakukonzekera maziko a chofunda cha chisty pansi chophimba chofalitsa chathu.
Musanaike bolodi, chopukutira cha slab kapena chopopera chopopera ndi nthiti yopukutira ndi nthiti ya nthiti ya 40 kapena 63 (P30 kapena P40) imachitika. Maziko a pansi amatsukidwa fumbi. Board yayikulu imalumikizidwa ndi zitsanzo za 335-14mm ndi phula la 20-30 cm. Khala limakwiririka ndi mbali yotsika ya 50. mzere woyamba umakwezedwa ngati khomalo kukhoma . Ngati zokutirazo ziyikidwa pathyathyathya (plywood, Mayos Posporting pansi), tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito guluu porquet, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi spatula pamtunda. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuyika bolodi kwa guluu. Zimangosintha mtundu wa kugona, koma si chinthu chovomerezeka pokhazikitsa, kukwera komwe kumafunikira nthawi iliyonse.
Mabodi odulira pansi amakwapulidwa m'mayendedwe. Ngati ndi kotheka, amalimbikitsidwa ndi wedges. Pakati pa madzi ndi makoma mozungulira kumpoto kwenikweni kumapangitsa kutalika kwa 7-10mmm. Mphepo yoyamba ndi yomaliza ya ma board amakhazikika ndi umboni wokha komanso mwa nkhope, koma kuti mtsogolowo othamanga adapezeka kuti anali pachinsinsi. Mukayika matabwa, oposa 150 cm mulingo amalimbikitsidwanso kukweza kuchokera kutsogolo. Zovala za nkhope zomwe zimatanthauzira zimatanthauziridwa kuya kwa 9-10mm ndikutsekedwa ndi zowoneka bwino (makamaka nkhuni za mtundu womwewo).
Ngati mndandanda munkhani ya fakitale, mukupanga, palibe chophimba, bolodi ndi younikira ndikufuulirani pofunsidwa, mafuta, sera, kapena (nthawi zambiri) varnish. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kupenyera kumamveka kuthetsa magetsi onse kuyika kuti pamwamba imakhala yosalala.
Kwa gawo lalikulu la malowa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito tepi ndi zopukusa za disk, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, m'makoma, m'makona ndi manja ochepa komanso apadera angular. Tepi yosangalatsa imatengedwa, kuchepetsa ubwezereroku kufalikira: Choyamba 100, ndiye 80 ndi 60. Mankhwala omaliza amapangidwa ndi makina a disk pogwiritsa ntchito njere 120 kapena 16 μm. Kupera kumachitika nthawi zonse kumangolowera kuyika pansi. Ngati mikhalidwe yonse yaukadaulo imawonedwa pa kukhazikitsa, kuti zifike pamwamba pazabwino zimachotsedwa kuchuluka osati zoposa 1mm.
Pambuyo pa kupera ndikuchotsa mosamala kuchokera pamwamba pa fumbi kumapitilira zokutira ndi varnish. Ngati zikuyenera kuphatikiza mtengowo, choyamba mugwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe, kenako varnish. Popeza kupenda kumawulula kapangidwe ka nkhuni, nthawi yotsegulira koyamba, ma varnish amalowa mkati mwa pores. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zitatu za varnish, ndikupanga mpweya wapakatikati ndi makina a disk. Varnish, sera ndi mafuta opangidwa osati kungopatsa pansi fomu yowoneka bwino, komanso imateteza nkhuni kuwonongeka pamakina ndi chinyezi.
| Kupanga | Woodwo | Kusiyanasiyana | Kukula | Mtengo, $ ya 1M2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Royal Woodkraft, United Kingdom | Beech | "Natur" | 120012022. | 72. |
| "Sankhani" | 120012022. | 111. | ||
| Myengo | Dziko | 120012022. | 59. | |
| "Natur" | 120012022. | 77. | ||
| "Sankhani" | 120012022. | 119. | ||
| Mapuwe | Dziko | 120012022. | 75. | |
| "Natur" | 120012022. | 95. | ||
| "Sankhani" | 120012022. | 149. | ||
| Leonardo, Italy | Dassia | - | 120012022. | 93. |
| Iroko | - | 120012022. | 96. | |
| Mapuwe | "Natur" | 120012022. | 103. | |
| Phulusa | "Natur" | 120012022. | 87. | |
| Nolte, Germany | Myengo | "Nthur Antik" | Kuchokera ku 100013221. | 120. |
| "Abizinesi Okhazikika" | Kuchokera ku 100013221. | 111. | ||
| "Nthuter" | Kuchokera ku 100012521. | 149. | ||
| "Natur" | Kuchokera ku 100012521. | 97. | ||
| "Cluta" | Kuchokera ku 100013221. | 85. | ||
| Fulonda | - | Kuchokera ku 100013221. | 121. | |
| Mapuwe | Wokolera | Kuchokera ku 100012521. | 137. | |
| "Natur" | Kuchokera ku 100012521. | 177. | ||
| Macoera | - | Kuchokera ku 100013221. | 143. | |
| Machagin | - | Kuchokera ku 100013221. | 141. | |
| Merbau | - | Kuchokera ku 100013221. | 111. | |
| Woonda, Russia | Oak, phulusa | "Pulogalamu", radial Dulani | 600-150080-90 | 55. |
| 600-1500127-135 | 75. | |||
| "Sankhani", radial Dulani | 600-150080-90 | 45. | ||
| 600-1500127-135 | 60. | |||
| "Pulogalamu", Wosema | 600-1500127-135 | 55. | ||
| Mzych | "Pulogalamu", radial Dulani | 600-150080-90 | 36. | |
| 600-1500127-135 | 46. | |||
| "Sankhani", radial Dulani | 600-150080-90 | makumi atatu | ||
| 600-1500127-135 | 40. | |||
| "Pulogalamu", Wosema | 600-1500105-110 | 32. | ||
| Beech | "Pulogalamu", radial Dulani | 600-150080-90 | 55. | |
| 600-1500127-135 | 65. | |||
| "Sankhani", radial Dulani | 600-150080-90 | 45. | ||
| 600-1500127-135 | 55. | |||
| Matimex, Russia | Myengo | "Natur" | 600-180012520. | 62. |
| Beech | "Natur" | 600-180012520. | 62. | |
| Ash Russian | "Natur" | 600-180012520. | 62. | |
| Ku Canada | "Sankhani" | 600-180012520. | 90. | |
| Maple Canadian | "Sankhani" | 600-180012520. | 110. | |
| America American | "Natur" | 600-180012520. | 155. | |
| TAGE ZAIR. | "Natur" | 600-180012520. | 228. | |
| "Obninsky parquet chomera", Russia | Myengo | "Zowonjezera" | 120012020. | 49. |
| "Natur" | 120012020. | 34. | ||
| "Radial" | 120012020. | 59. | ||
| "Njira" | 10004022. | 42. | ||
| Phulusa | "Premier" | 140014022. | 67. | |
| "Njira" | 140014022. | 57. | ||
| Beech | "Premier" | 160012022. | 62. | |
| "Njira" | 10004022. | 42. | ||
| Junckers, Denmark | Oak opangidwa ndi mafuta | "Classic" | 240012920.5 | 126. |
| "Dongosolo" | 240012920.5 | 116. | ||
| "Kusiyanasiyana" | 240012920.5 | 109. | ||
| Merbau | - | 220012920.5 | 100-109 s. | |
| "Mtsogoleri", Russia | Myengo | "Zowonjezera" | 20002522. | 54. |
| "Kalasi A" | 20002522. | 47. | ||
| Mzych | "Elite", radial Dulani | 1000-250013022. | 39. | |
| "Sanjani", radial kudula | 1000-250013022. | 32. |
Okonzanso amayamikira makampani amtengo, parquet Hall, pataquet pamalo omwe amaperekedwa.