Malangizo a chipangizo cha osungirako opanga. Zida zolimbikitsidwa, ukadaulo ndi zida. Mtengo wokwera. Kukongoletsa zotsala ndi gawo loyandikana. Zogulitsa zamadzi.
"Skama-m".
Zosungidwa zitha kupangidwa ndi zoyesayesa zolumikizirana ndi anthu oyandikana nawo. Nthawi yomweyo, ayenera kugwirizana ndi nyumba zoyandikana ndi kukhala malo a chiwembucho. "Skama-m".
Kuphatikiza pa dziwe pamalowo mutha kupanga mtsinje. Imakhala ndi filimu yopanda madzi, ndipo miyala imakhazikika pamwamba. Zotheka kwambiri zitha kuchitika ngati kuphatikiza miyala yayikulu ndi yaying'ono, yaying'ono, yatcheru ndi miyala. Madzi
Madzi am'madzi yaying'ono akutuluka pampu kuchokera padziwe. Masitepe miyala yachilengedwe. FOTOBANK / F.Tthimas. Dziwe lalikulu lalikulu limapangidwa bwino pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Chifukwa chake mutha kusilira ndi kukongola molunjika kuchokera ku Veranda. Madzi
Kuti madzi azikhala ndi dziwe, ndizotheka kupanga kasupe wachilendo. Madzi
Peat wapadera wa alhumini amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika madzi, omwe alibe zodetsa zamankhwala, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa acidity, amafewetsa madzi ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa algae. "Skama-m".
Kukhazikika kwa dziwe lam'tsogolo kumagona ndi mchenga, womwe umagwirizanitsa bwino ndipo umakhazikika ndi ma geotextiles. "Skama-m".
Kwa kukula kwakukulu (kuya kwa 1 m, dera la oposa 15 m2) pamafunika kanema wopangidwa ndi khwangwala ndi makulidwe a 1.2-2 mm. "Skama-m".
Nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi gombe, ma coconut Masamu amaikidwa kuti afike pa mbewu. FOTOBANK / Robert Hardning Synd.
Kwa zokongoletsera za dziwe muzigwiritsa ntchito marshriser, pita ndi bango. Gawo la "wamtchire" limeneli lidalengedwa ndi manja a malo omanga ma ambuye.
Tiyerekeze kuti ndinu mwini wachisangalalo wa chipinda chamtundu wina, atazunguliridwa ndi munda wokongola. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizochulukirapo? Koma palibe chizindikiritso chosamveka cha malo osakwanira, ayi ndipo adzakuchezerani. Chifukwa chake, ndi nthawi yoti muganizire zotsalazo.
Ngati mukukhulupirira m'mabuku otanthauzira, ndiye malo osungira kapena osungira madzi. M'nkhani yathu, tikambirana za dziwe lokongoletsera, chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe sichingapirire. Koma nthawi yomweyo dzino sichovuta kwambiri, koma mafashoni odziyimira pawokha omwe amakhala, amapuma. Chilengedwe chake, kuteteza ndi chitukuko sikwabwino, komanso kulenga.
Zokongoletsera zokongoletsera ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kukula, mawonekedwe ndi chipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, mtsinje wapano ukhoza kuphatikizidwa mu dziwe, chokongoletsedwa ndi kasupe, nsomba zokongoletsera zimakazinga. Phokoso la kasupe kapena kugwa kwamadzi limangoyesedwa ndi miyala yogona mwapadera. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro akhoza kukhala monga momwe mungafunire! Ndikofunika kudziwa malingaliro anu.
Njira Zoyambira
Kusankha kupanga dziwe, choyambirira, lingalirani bwino za komweko. Kupambana kwa ntchito yanu kumatengera kwakukulu. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake osungira ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi nyumba zomangamanga zozungulira komanso zokwanira kukhala malo a tsambalo. Ikani dziwe pamalo abwino, koma ndi kuwerengera kotero kuti mawanga owongoka dzuwa limagwera m'madzi osapitilira maola asanu ndi limodzi patsiku (kutentha, liphuka msanga). Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuthyola dziwe mpaka pa mitengo ikuluikulu, chifukwa mizu yawo imatha kuwononga pansi, ndikuphwanya madzi, ndipo chithunzithunzi chochitikira chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa algae wobiriwira. Kusankha komaliza pazokhudza malo osungira, kumbukirani kuti kumakopa alendo ndi ana. Chifukwa chake, pafupi kuti mutha kukhazikitsa gazebo, wakuda, kukonza nsanja kuti musangalale.Palibe malo abwino osungira - oyenera mikhalidwe ina siili kumodzi yoyenera kwa ena. Chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti mukuganiza za mtundu wanji wa dziwe lomwe mukufuna. Choyamba, ndizachikulu kapena chaching'ono? Ndipo kodi muli ndi malo okwanira osungira pafupifupi 3.5 m2? Madziwe okongoletsa samawoneka bwino nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwasamalira nthawi zonse kumakhala (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwaung'ono). Kwa galasi lamadzi mkati mwa 3-5 m2, kuya kwa 60-80 masentimita tikulimbikitsidwa; Kuyambira 5 mpaka 15 M2 - 80-100 cm. Pamalo oposa 15 m2, pansi amayenera kuteteza kuchokera pamwamba ndi 100 cm kapena kupitilira. Ngati malo osungirako adaganiza zobzala nsomba, njira yomaliza yokha ndi yovomerezeka. Madziwe akuya mwakuya 80 masentimita nthawi zambiri samakhala ozizira mpaka pansi, ndipo mpweya wa nsomba yachisanu uzikhala wokwanira.
Iwo amene safuna kuvulazidwa ndi dziwe lalikulu, masitolo apadera apadera amadzi ndi zida zoperekera mbale zosiyanasiyana zosinthira za polychlorvinyl. Ndiwolimba mokwanira, chisanu - komanso oyenera kubereka nsomba. Milandu ya pulasitiki yodzaza ndi pulasitiki - osachepera zaka 20. Buku - kuyambira 315 mpaka 1000 malita. Mtengo - $ 152-300.
Mukamagula zotsalazo zopangidwa ndi kukonzekera, mukudziwa kuti pasadakhale za mawu amtundu wanji mutatha kukhazikitsa pamalopo kudzatenga mtsogolo. Tikukulangizani kuti mupange mbale ya masentimita 80 ndi malita 800. Ndikofunikira kuti madzi a chilimwe amawotchera mu dziwe pang'onopang'ono.
Yendani mpaka pakuya kwa mbale ndi zambiri kuposa 30 cm. Pansi pake imagona ndikugona ndi mchenga 5 wa sentimita kuti pansi pa dziwe lioneke bwino. Mipata pakati pa khoma la mbale ndi dzenje zimagonanso ndi mchenga, kusindikiza pang'ono. Gombe la mini-pendi limakokedwa, kupereka chifuniro chake. Nthawi zambiri pamapeto pake pali mwala kapena utoto wachilengedwe. Kwa nthawi yozizira, mbale imathamangitsidwa bwino.
Kupanga malo okongoletsera oposa 5 m2, osakwanira kukumba dzenje ndikuthira ndi madzi. Pa tsiku la mchenga ndikovuta kusunga madzi pamalo omwe mukufuna. Pamtambo, udzakhala matope, makamaka mu nthawi yamvula. Pond iyamba kutsekedwa ndi mbewu zosafunikira ndipo zimataya kukopa kwake koyamba. Kuti izi sizichitika, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda madzi. FIrMAN FIrMS Mease, Hobipil ndi Danish Morflex amatulutsa filimu yapadera pazolinga izi. Sizingakweredwe ndipo sizimatha pakapita nthawi, zolimba za kusiyana ndipo sizimawonongeka ndi mizu ya mbewu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala m'madzi omwe nsomba zimakhala. Kanemayo alibe zinthu zopweteka, osagwirizana ndi zovuta za ultraviolet zozizira komanso kuzizira. Nkhani zoterezi kuthira modekha pansi pamadzi madzi ngakhale ku -30s. Mitundu iwiri imapangidwa: kuchokera ku polyvinyl chloride (pvc) ndi rate. Kwa matchuthi okhala ndi malo okwanira 5 m2 ndi kuya kopanda 80 masentimita kugwiritsa ntchito makulidwe a 0,5-1 mm. Kuzama kwa 1 m ndi malowa, oposa 15 m2 amafunikira filimu yomwe ili 100-2 mm.
Ngati mulifupi wa filimuyo sikokwanira kutseka dzenje lonse, limayikidwa m'matepi a masharubu. M'malo ophatikizidwa, ziyenera kukhala zopukutidwa (za pvc), kapena zalephera (sc). Zipangizo zofunika pazopanga izi zopanga mafilimu. Kuwala kumatha kuchitidwa onse mu bizinesi komanso pamalo omanga m'madzi. Mtengo wake ndi 25% ya mtengo wa filimu. Kampani yaku Russia "Skama-M" ndi "Victoria" Inc Victoria "Patsani mafilimu awo ojambula ndi magawo angapo. Pali ntchito yotere mpaka 30% ya mtengo wa zinthuzo.
Mwa njira, palibe vuto samagwiritsa ntchito filimu wamba polyethylene kuti mudziwe dziwe. Nthawi ya opareshoni yake pankhaniyi ilibe zaka ziwiri; Amawonetsedwa ndi ma ray a ultraviolet ndipo ndizosavuta kusweka.
Mafilimu osungira
| Kupanga | Malaya | Makulidwe am'madzi, mm | Kutalika kwa makanema, m | Gundani m'lifupi, m | Mtengo 1 M2, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oser (Germany) | Pvc | 0.5-1.2 | 100 | 2-8 | 3-35 |
| HobiPul (Germany) | Pvc | 0.5-1 | 100 | 2-8 | 3-10. |
| Monorflex (Denmark) | SC. | 0.4-2 | 25-50 | 22-4 | 4-7 |
Sitima yayikulu kusambira kwakukulu
Kuti mupewe ku ndalama za ndalama zachabe pa ntchito yomanga mafilimu ndi akulu omwe amawerengera mafilimu, zimamveka kuzindikira zofunikira ndi zosankha zofunika kale.Asanayambe ntchito yomanga, ndikofunikira kuchita zojambulajambula ndi zojambulajambula. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa nthaka (agb). Ngati kuli pamwamba pa 2 m, kupatula kumachitika mozungulira chosungira, mwanjira ina, m'malo mwa chikondi, dziwe lidzathetsa dambo. Kutulutsa ndi geotextile kumangiriza pansi pa dzenjelo. Amalolanso kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo, chifukwa chosefukira mu mbale kapena kusokonezeka kwamphamvu kwa kulimba kwake. Mtengo wa zochulukirapo ndi pafupifupi $ 10-20 pa 1 m3 ya kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi, zopatula.
Mbale zamafilimu . Zapamwamba Zidzakuwonongerani $ 5-10 pa 1 m3 ya nthaka yochotsedwa. Mizu yonse ndi miyala ikufunika. Makoma a maziko amapangidwa ndi modekha (osazizira 45) komanso wopaka. Vibrotrambovka mtengo - $ 25 patsiku. Amu amawaza ndi mchenga 10 wa sentimita ndipo anayimirira ndi geotextiles. Omalizirawo amateteza muyeso wamadzimadzi kuchokera kuwonongeka kwamakina ndipo akukana kwambiri kumera. Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyi (mtengo wa 1 m2 kuchokera pa $ 1), mumakulitsa moyo wa filimu yosungirako.
Mukakhala ndi nembanemba, onjezani zowonjezera 60-70 masentimita, zomwe zipita kukangana ndi dziwe la dziwe. Musanadzaze m'mbale yamadzi, timasunga pansi ndi gombe ndi zokongoletsera. Kanema yemwe amapita m'mphepete ndi wogona ndi kugona ndi dothi, miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena miyala, mwina yokulungira ku database (ngati zili). Pobzala mbewu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mabasiketi apulasitiki omwe amakhazikitsidwa pansi. Pofuna kuti mbewuzo zizisungidwa ndi zokwanira pazinthu zosungiramo zinthu zakale, ma coconut a coconut amakonzedwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'lifupi lamphaka loterolo ndi 1 m, mtengo ndi $ 6. Kuyika ndi kulumikizana kwamagetsi kumawononga $ 300-800. Kukongoletsa dziwe ndi gawo pafupi ndi miyala, mbewu, nyumba zomangamanga, zibowo zilizonse payekhapayekha. Chifukwa chake, mitengo yomanga filimu yosungirako imasiyana, kuyambira $ 100 pa 1 M2.
Mamembala Olondola . Ntchito yomanga dziwe ndi nkhani yamisala yambiri ndipo nthawi yambiri. Poyamba, pansi ndi makoma zimathiridwa ndi ma 13-centimita osakaniza konkriti. M'makoma ena onyowa, kachilombo katsulo kamapanikizika. Pomwe woyamba wosanjikiza umalimba (patatha masiku 5-7), adalemba wachiwiri. Kotero kuti konkriti adauuma, koma osawuma, omwe pambuyo pake angayambitse mapangidwe, amasungidwa pamalo onyowa kwa masiku angapo, kuphimba ndi filimu ya polyethylene kapena burlap yonyowa. Pofuna kupewa kukwera pazomwezo m'makoma, malo otsetsereka a reservor amakonzedwa pakona ya 40-45. Pazongoyang'ana m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mawonekedwe a matabwa amangidwa. Mmenemo, konkriti imathiridwa isanathe nthawi yopeza pansi. Yeretsani fomuyo ikakhala yokhazikika. Makoma ndi pansi a dziwe limakongoletsedwa ndi miyala yolumikizidwa kapena yathyathyathya. Pazifukwa izi, miyala yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Shungitis, Shungitu, Shungitis Yakuda, pinkstone, $ 14-35 (ndi minda ya pinki), $ 16. Thanthwe la rock ralket pa $ 50 ya 1 m3. Mtengo wa reservoir kuchokera ku konkriti wokhala ndi miyala yokongoletsera ndi kuchokera $ 180 pa 1 m2 m'liloli.
Kuwerengera kuti chilengedwe cha 250 kV filimu yosungira. m ndi kuya kwa 2,5 m
| Ndalama zogwirira ntchito | Mtengo, $ |
|---|---|
| Engineer ndi zamitundu yazipembedzo | 500. |
| Njira Zadziko Zokhathazi ndi Makina | 5000. |
| Kukhazikitsa kwa Filimu Yachikumbutso | 12 500. |
| Kuyambiranso kwa Reservoir kuzungulira kuzungulira | 1500. |
| Chipangizo cha kulumikizana kwa engining (kupezeka kwamadzi, zida zamagetsi) | 1000. |
| Kukongoletsa kokongoletsera | 2000. |
| Kupititsa, kunyamula ndi kutsitsa | 2700. |
| Ndalama Zosayembekezeka | 1000. |
| Zonse: | 26 200. |
Chisamaliro cha dziwe
Madzi oyimilirawo amadetsedwa ndi nthawi, amakhala matope ndikuyamba kutulutsa. Ndipo madziwe ang'onoang'ono, vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa lalikulu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa osungira ndiye njira yapadera yosefera anthu osenda a Pondlith Ound (Germany). Zimalepheretsa kukula kwa algae, ndipo chifukwa chake dziwe. Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa zosefera pa kuchuluka kwa: 1 makilogalamu a osefera pa 1 m2 a dziwe (osakhala ndi nsomba). Pambuyo pa miyezi 3-6, zosefera ziyenera kusinthidwa.Madzi owopsa, peat wapadera wa kampani yovomerezeka (Germany) imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ilibe zodetsa zamankhwala, zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa acidity, imafewetsa madzi, amaletsa kukula kwa algae. Msika Wopeza Ndalama Kuti Mulimbane ndi Madzi abwino ndi akulu kwambiri, motero muyenera kusankha mankhwalawa kutengera kuchuluka kwa dziwe.
Madzi amangotsukidwa osati kokha ndi makina osefa ndi mitundu ya mankhwala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito radiation ya ultraviolet. Amapangidwa ndi chipangizo chofotokozera cha kampani ya Biron Company ndikubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa tinthu tambiri ta algae ndi mbewu zawo. Mtengo wa chipangizocho kuchokera $ 160, mphamvu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 15 W.
Kutsuka kwamakina kwa pansi ndi makoma kuchokera ku zodetsedwa zowonongeka, "zoyeretsa pansi panthaka zamadzi" za kampani ya Compac Company ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chipangizochi chimalumikizidwa ndi payipi ndi kutalika kwa 5-8 m pampu, yomwe imayikidwa pansi kapena pafupi ndi malo osungira. Mafuta osenda, algae, zotsalira za zolengedwa zakufa zimabwera kudzera mu "choyeretsa chotsuka". Kuchuluka kwa tank 30 l, kumapangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Mtengo wa "submarine wa submarine wayeretsa" $ 235 ".
Zogulitsa zamadzi
| Kupanga | Dzina | Cholinga | Kudya, ML | Mtengo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oser (Germany) | Beokick. | Kufalikira Kwachilengedwe | makumi awiri | 10 |
| HobiPul (Germany) | "Bio-neolotrizer" | Kulowererapo zonyansa | 100 | khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi |
| Hussner (Germany) | "Oxegen +gen +" | Kulima kwamadzi kumenya nkhondo | 100 | khumi ndi mphabu zinayi |
| Pontek (Germany) | Aqua-Active | Kumveketsa kwamadzi | 500. | khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi |
Kukongoletsa dziwe
Madzi oyimilira, ngakhale atadzaza ndi nsomba ndi zomera, amatha kukhala achisoni komanso opanda moyo. Ngati mumakakamiza madzi kuti ayande, kusuntha, dziwe limayamwa, ndi matope ofooka pamasamba amadzi amapereka chithumwa china cha malo. Grundfos, osefukira (Germany) ndi Wilko (Italy) amatulutsa njira zonse zofunika polenga akasupe, mitsinje yamadzi. Mthenga wa mapampu obisika osokoneza kasupe amapangidwa chifukwa cha vuto lotsutsa. Monga mafuta opangira mbali, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapampu onse amapangidwira kuti azigwira ntchito mosalekeza (mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa maola 24). Zipangizo zamakampani aku German Grundfos ndi outi nthawi zambiri zimatsirizika chifukwa cha masautsime, chiwerengero cha chomwe chingawonjezere mwanzeru.
Mapampu onse amaperekedwa ndi chingwe kuyambira 5 mpaka 15 m. Popempha kasitomala akhoza kukhala ndi gulu lakutali kwambiri. Mtundu wa aquafiet kuchokera kudose umapangidwa kuti uzigwira ntchito nyengo yozizira. Zokolola pampu iyi 600 l / h, kumwa mphamvu kwa 0,005 kw * h. M'nyengo yozizira, adzapulumutsa nsomba m'mwezi chifukwa chosowa kwa mpweya. Ngati kuya kwa nthawi yotsalira ndi yochepera 1 m ndi nthawi yozizira, chipangizocho sichimayendetsedwa, chimachotsedwa mu dziwe. Mtengo wa pampu ndi $ 60.
Zakudya zingapo zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti zimatha kudzipereka ku nkhani inayake. Aliyense amapanga chithunzi chake. Nthawi yomweyo, akasupe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi otheka - kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cholingana chofananira chamakono ndi "malo" amakono. Kwa kupanga nozzles, pulasitiki kwambiri pulasitiki, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutalika kwa akasupe ndi 0,45-5 m. Mtengo wa nozzles kuchokera pa $ 17 mpaka $ 300.
Komanso, kuwonjezera pa akasupe okhazikika, oyandama, okhala ndi backlit, amaperekedwa. Amakhazikika ndi nangula kapena ma anch ambala ndi kulumikizana ndi gululi. Ndizo zonse zomwe zimafunikira kuti zizilowetsa zida izi (koma zimatha kulipira mpaka $ 1000).
Wosamalira usiku wa chilimwe, omwazikana ndi ma smelas, kuwala kowala ... Chithunzichi chikusuta, chimakhazikitsa pa filosoficaical. Kuwonetsera bwino kwa Kasupe kumapangitsa chidwi kuti madzi, ndipo magetsi abwino amadzuka kuti apange chojambula cha Fick ndikubwereranso. Kuwala kwakunja kwa malo osungirako malo osungirako, malo opezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyali. Amayikidwa pamiyala yokhazikika m'madzi, kapena kumapachikika pakhoma ndi zipilala pafupi ndi dziwe. Kupanga mapangidwe opepuka kumafuna luso labwino komanso kukoma. Nyali ya dimba yowongolera imatha kungolanda gulu la mbewu kapena kutsindika pakona inayake yosungirako. Kuwala komwazidwa kumagwira ntchito yayikulu. Dongosolo lonse limakhala ndi nyali ($ 30-50), nyali zokutira ($ 3-10), wosinthira ($ 1.5). Transformers zimapereka mphamvu zotulutsa 12 v ndi mphamvu mpaka 150 w. Kukhazikitsa kwawo kwamadzi kumaloledwa. Pansi huminaires amapangidwa ndi skamer. Kuyang'ana kwambiri mumipira ya dziwe kuchokera ku pulasitiki ya browproof ndi mainchesi a 160-200 mm. Mtengo wa nyali ndi $ 50-70.
Kachitidwe ka msewu wowunikira pansi pamadzi ndipo amakhazikitsidwa pokhapokha mwa akatswiri. Zingwe zamagetsi ziyenera kutetezedwa bwino. Kuchokera pakupanga kwawo kumafuna kuthira madzi, kukana kuvunda ndi kuwola. Zingwe zomwe amakonda ndi chitetezo chanyumba. Nyenyezi zamagetsi ziyenera kukhala ndi zongowononga zokha zomwe zimachitika pamafunde azosata. Kwa nthawi yozizira, nyali ndi malo owonekera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepera 1 m amasungunuka.
Dziwe limodzi lokongoletsera pang'ono lomwe mungadzimangire nokha, ndipo matupi akuluakulu amadzi amafunikira chidziwitso chapadera, zokumana nazo pokonzekera ntchito zomanga ndi kusankha zinthu. Ntchitozi zimapereka mafakitale a malo omwe akuphatikizira osati kokha pakubzala ndi kuyika masamba, komanso pomanga matupi amadzi. Athandiza kuti maloto anu, apatseni zofuna zanu ndi mipata yanu.
Makhalidwe aukadaulo a mapampu
| Kupanga | Mtundu | Mphamvu, W | Kumwa madzi ambiri, m3 / h | Mutu, M. | Mtengo, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grundfos (Germany) | Cr 350. | 700. | khumi ndi mphabu zinayi | zisanu ndi zinai | 300. |
| Oser (Germany) | Aquarius. | 28. | 2,2 | 2,3. | 80-150 |
| Atlantis | 550. | 17,4. | 12 | 400-900 |
Bolo la Okonza, Grundfos, Petro-Domus, Skhom-M ndi Kuunikira Victoria kuti muthandizire pokonzekera nkhaniyo.