Zomera zofananira: mitundu, yosiyanasiyana, ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zofananizidwa ndi magwero okhazikika.
Kutenthetsa Wautali wa Hightchthy kumagwira ntchito mozama ngati alonda panjira yozizira.
Mothandizidwa ndi khwangwala zowala, pafupifupi mawonekedwe achilengedwe a mbewu zimapangidwanso.
Kuyika mapanelo pamtsinje, mutha kuwunikira kwathunthu m'chipindacho kapena magawo ake.
Kutulutsa kwa IR ndi mphamvu yoposa 1.5 kw kuyika okwera kwambiri kwa 3 m, apo ayi adzatenthedwa pansi pa iwo - monga dzuwa masana.
Kuyang'ana woyambitsa wa Vodka Vodka, tinganene kuti tili kunyumba ndi ulemu, komanso ulemu waukulu. Nkhani yathu ikunena za kuthekera kwachuma komanso omasuka ndi ma radiation a ku Russia adziwa.
Mu miyambo yachikhalidwe (ma radiators, machesi, malo oyatsira moto, ndi zina zolimbikitsa kuchita zonse kuti kutentha kuzimiririka ndikufalikira m'chipindacho ndikusakanikirana kwa mpweya. Mphamvu yotere imatchedwa "yokhazikika", ndipo otentha "okhazikika". Koma otchedwa omwe amapezeka (owala) akusintha. Mfundo yomaliza yomaliza ndi motere: Mtsinje wa radiaght of Enerrared (IR) amadzipangira zinthuzo, osati mpweya m'chipindacho. Umu ndi momwe chilengedwe chimagwiritsira ntchito: Pamene dzuwa limatentha malowo ndi ma ray akuwulutsa mamilimita ndipo chitenthedwe cha IR chimatumiza ma ray, mipando ya munthu, ndi zinthu zina. Omaliza amatenthedwa ndipo, nawonso, adawiritsa mpweya wolimba ndi chipinda chonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake sitingathe kugona mokwanira tsiku lozizira nthawi yozizira, osazindikira chisanu, ndipo ndi liti pamene kumwamba kumamasuka pa kutentha kwa mpweya 16-18c!
Ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane magwero otentha, zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake komanso zimafananizidwa ndi zowonjezera. Ndikamalankhula mwachidule, woyamba ntchito zoyambirira komanso zachuma. Mitsinje yawo idafalikira kuthamanga kwa kuwala komanso m'mikhalidwe yathu sizimatengedwa ndi mamolekyulu a nayitrogeni ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangidwira mpweya. Ndiye kuti, m'chipindacho mutha kupanga madera otonthoza, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi nthawi.
Ndikutenthetsa, kukwera kwa mpweya wotentha kumadzetsa kuti kutentha kotsika kwambiri kumakhala pansi, ndi chapamwamba kwambiri - pansi pa denga. Ndili ndi magwero, zonse ndi zosiyana: kutentha pansipa, mu malo okhala anthu, chidzakhala chokulirapo kuposa dengali, ndipo mphamvu zimawononga zochepa. Mwa mtundu wa kuwunika kwa ma radia otenthetsera a IR akhoza kugawidwa: a) Kuwala, kukhala ndi pamtunda woposa 600c, ndi mafunde, kutentha kosatha 600c.
Mtundu woyamba umaphatikizapo nyali zapadera, chandeliers, kutulutsa mapanelo okhala ndi kutentha kogwira ntchito mu 800-1000s, komwe kumapereka mphamvu kwapadera mpaka 100 kw ndi 1 m2. Ndikofunika kuyika kuti kutentha kwakukulu ndikofunikira kuti mutenthe.
Nkhondo yamdima yopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mafilimu ndi mafilimu, komanso ma cassetsette, ogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa 30 mpaka 400 w. ). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pomwe kutentha sikutanthauza zambiri.
Ndi mtundu wa chonyamulira chachikulu kwambiri, zotenthetsera ir zitha kugawidwa: a) wamagetsi; b) yolimba ndi yamafuta; c) mpweya. Pakutentha kwa nyumba, kuphatikizapo malo okhala nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito yoyamba komanso yomaliza. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa cha malo okhala munthu (pali zochepa kapena ayi). Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chiyero chachilengedwe cha kutentha magetsi chimayenera kulipira kangapo kuposa magwero ena otentha.
Zakale, zinali kuti kuyambiranso koyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kunakhala owonetsera magetsi osavuta okhala ndi waya wa Nichrome wokhala ndi waya wokutidwa ndi choonetsa. M'badwo wa anthu oposa zaka 40 akukumbukira zida zazing'onozi ndi mphamvu za 500 w. Pakadali pano, njira zamagetsi zocheperako zimagawidwa kumadzulo. Ndiwomba kwambiri ndi mafilimu angapo othira kutentha ndi / kapena mafilimu omwe ali ndi kutentha kopitilira 100 ° C. Maziko a kachitidwe kameneka ndi kanema wokhala ndi zosema zapadera pogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchokera pamapeto pake, ili ndi mayanjano awiri pakupereka magetsi. Magetsi oyambira (220 v) pogwiritsa ntchito womasulira wapadera amatsika mtengo wotetezeka kwa munthu (~ 40 v). Mu filimuyi, kulumikizana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi mu mafuta a 99.8%, komwe kumatsimikizira kuti ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma. Momwemonso, galasi kapena galasi lophika kapena ma panels agalasi ogwirira ntchito (Nobo, Norwa ndi Aporso ndi Aporso kupanga, France). Mafunde omwe amatulutsidwa ndi magwero oterewa amagwirizana ndi dzuwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakhudzidwa ndi munthu, ampatsa zabwino kwambiri. Mu mikhalidwe yathu ya Russia, izi ndi njira yonse ndi njira yabwino yothandizira dongosolo, ndipo ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ngati wamkulu, koma monga wowonjezera (wakomweko).
Magetsi, opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mapanelo oyimitsidwa pansi pa denga kapena padenga pawokha, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kukula kwa 600 x 600 mm. Mapulasitiki owonetsera nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana ndi nyali zamasana. Ndi mphamvu ya 0,3 - 2 kw, amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 2,5 m ndikutentha kotentha mu holoys, zipinda zokhala. (Monga khonsolo lothandiza, sitikulimbikitsa kuti tigwiritse ntchito kupatula zolekanitsidwa ndi 1.5 kw, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa osakwana 3 m, popeza zikhala zowombera pansi pa iwo: Pakukhala nthawi yayitali munthu wowunikira malo owala ndi iyo, kuwombera kwamafuta kungachitike.)
Pakati pa emmits ya In pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osiyanasiyana monga gwero lamphamvu, omwe amagwira ntchito pa mafuta achilengedwe komanso owuma. Choyambirira ndi chowotcha: gulu lazovala ndi kuchuluka kwa mabowo. Gasi kuchokera mumsewu kapena simbale imaperekedwa kwa iye wosakanikirana, pomwe zimasakanikirana ndi mpweya womwe mukufuna; Kusakaniza kumagwera m'mabowo ndipo kumatsitsidwa. Kuphatikiza kumachitika ndi njira yotentha yoyaka mkati mwazinthu zowopsa, chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha kumatulutsidwa mu gulu lokha, ndipo silimapita m'mlengalenga, monga mumatenthedwe obwera. Gulu la ceramium limayendetsedwa mpaka 800-1000s ndikutentha ngati mtsinje wokongola; Zimangowatsogolera bwino ku nkhani yotentha.
Mukukonzekera kukonza ma otenthetsera, zomwe zili ndi zinthu zoyipa (makamaka naitrogeni oxides ndi carborn monoxide) muzinthu zoyaka zidachepetsedwa, ndipo makina owala owala anali ovomerezeka pamsika wogwirizira. Adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo obiriwira, malo obiriwira, makhothi ofukizira, mapesi, magawani, ndi zina zambiri (voliyumu), zimatenga kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 200 kw ya mphamvu. Gogaz imapereka IR-Emitatter 10-30 kw pa zolinga izi, kulemera kwa gawo limodzi kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 25 makilogalamu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mpweya kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 m3 / h. Dongosolo la ulamuliro ndi kuwongolera limakhala ndi gawo lolamulira, masensa a kutentha ndi mavalo a mafuta. Mwachilengedwe, kulumikizana ndi msewu wa chilengedwe kumafunikira. Mtengo wa zida zonse ungafikire $ 5-10,000, koma ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikhala 2-5 zofananira zimayerekezera ndi makina ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kapena zowotcha mafuta.
Kaspo (Czech Republic) amapereka mpweya wa ganyu pamtengo wa katatu. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa gawo ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 20 kw ili pafupifupi $ 700, komanso mogwirizana ndi ulamuliro ndi kuwongolera - pafupifupi $ 1500.
Ndichite chiyani ngati mukufuna kugwetsa chipindacho ndi malo osaposa 10-50 M2, ndikugwiritsa ntchito madola masauzande angapo sizotheka? Pali olekanitsidwa osiyana ndi masenti awiri a 2 mpaka 15 kw, omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Alidi mafoni enieni, akamagwira ntchito pamwazi wolima malo okhala ndi malita 5-50, osavuta kugwira ntchito, omwe angafunike, amafunikira nthawi iliyonse, ndizotsika mtengo. Zosavuta kwambiri, zokhala ndi 2-3 kw, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zithetse zipinda zazing'ono ndi zosapanga ndi gawo la 20 m2, amapangidwa ku Moscow ("ngodya") ), St. Petersburg ("Sunshko") ndi ku Izhevsk. Amawononga $ 25-50. Ndikofunika kuwazunza pamodzi ndi masilini am'madzi okhala ndi malita a 27-50, omwe ali ndi valavu yotseka (amasamutsidwa mosavuta ndi munthu m'modzi ndipo, kutengera ndi mphamvu, ndikukwanira kwa maola 50-200 a Kugwira Ntchito.) Kampani ya mafakitale ya Russia "bi-galimoto" (g. st. Petersburg) amatulutsa kupanga kwa mafoni a serena. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kabwino, zigawo zochokera kunja, kupezeka kwaokha kwa chitetezo, koma ndi okwera mtengo.
Pali gulu la okwera a Iro, lomwe limapangidwa makamaka ndi ma caf a chilimwe, veranda, malo. Amapangidwa mu kalembedwe ka magetsi owala ndi malo otentha pafupifupi 10s amatha kutentha malowo mpaka 20-25 m2 (izi ndi zokwanira kumwa tiyi watsopano). Samawaona - kuyambira $ 1000 ndi apamwamba (mwachitsanzo, emitter "arbat" ya kampani "Bi-Galimoto". Pali analogues, mwachitsanzo, "Fralikarro" (Italy) - amatsimikiziridwa ku Russia, koma ndi okwera mtengo kuposa "Arbat".
Makampani ambiri achilendo, makamaka ku Spain, Italy, France, omwe amaperekedwa kuti agulitsidwe ku Russia Ind Heaters - malo oyaka omwe amagwira ntchito pazinthu zachilengedwe komanso zamwazi. Ali ndi makonzedwe am'manja ndi moto wowongolera, komanso sensor yoyendetsedwa ndi kaboni (ngati mukupitilira malire, kuyimitsa nokha). Komabe, kwa Russian, pali mmodzi "koma" kuno: miyezo yakumadzulo kwa malo okhala malo amapereka mpweya wabwino, ndipo m'zipinda zathu zazing'ono, kusinthana kwa mpweya kumapezeka nthawi zambiri. Zikutanthauza kuti ngati sensor yomwe ili pamwambapa igwira ntchito, sizingalolere kuyambitsa chiringo kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, sizokayikitsa kuphatikiza malo ofananawo m'chipinda chogona, osagwirizana ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kampani "inzhproekt sk" (Russia) idapanga chilengedwe cha mafuta. Mwa iwo, zomwe zimapezeka ndi zinthu zoyipa nthawi yophatikiza mpweya zimabweretsedwa mwachilengedwe. Otentha amatsimikizidwa, alandila kugwira ntchito m'nyumba zapakhomo komanso zokhalamo, kuphatikiza ndi chilengedwe. Ndi ukhondo wa chilengedwe, amadya mafuta 1.5-2 nthawi zochepa kuposa zowotcha wamba. Chitofu chokhala ndi burner iwiri garner amawononga pafupifupi $ 40.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kupatsa wogulayo kukhala wothandiza kwambiri:
- M'malo okhala ndi malo okhala nthawi yayitali, zabwino kwambiri ndizopanda magetsi ocheperako. Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa emitter yawo, zinthu zabwino zitha kupanga.
- M'zipinda zokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, magetsi ndi mpweya ndi mafuta obiriwira ndi matepu otenthetsera ndi abwinoko. Kuchokera pakuwona ndalama zopulumutsa, zomwe amakonda zitha kuperekedwa ndi mpweya, kuyimirira kunja kwa mpikisano ndi m'magaji, ndi malo obiriwira, komanso mabatani.
Mapangidwe a magetsi oyenda magetsi
| Cholimba | Mtundu | Mphamvu ya mafuta, kw | Kukula, onani | Misa, kg. | Zindikirani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Marley Magetsi", USA | Cf. | 0.25 ... 0,75 | 61 (122) x61x2,5 | 2 ... 3. | Panel Panel, 6 Models |
| "Kuveka", USA | Sn. | 1.5 ... 2.5 | 100 (150) x25x25 | 3. | Ngota ya IR, 3 Models |
| Brm 4521. | 4.5 | 150x25x25 | 8,2 | Nyonga yamphamvu | |
| "Opivotch", England | Beleberm | 0.4. | 240x60x0.9 | khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi | Filimu yotentha kwambiri |
| "Maukadaulo ndi Technologies" | Nsomba | 0.4 ... 1,2 | 70 (150) x17x10 | 3 ... 6. | Mchimero wautali |
| Frici, Sweden | Nr | 0.3 ... 0,6 | 60 (120) x60x8 | 5 ... 10. | Padesette |
| Ir | 3 ... 6. | 170 (200) x36x8 | 13 ... 16. | Ir i IR -ter | |
| "Karee Noir", Russia | — | 250 w / m2 | Pindani, m'lifupi - 55 | 0,5 kg / m2 | Filimu yolemera |
Makhalidwe a Msuzi wa Mafuta
| Cholimba | Mtundu | Mphamvu ya mafuta, kw | Kudya kwa mpweya, kg / ola | Misa yopanda silinde ya gasi, kg | Mtengo, $ US |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Sam", Ryazan | Gia-1.85 "ngodya" | 1,85. | 0.14. | zinai | makumi awiri |
| "Chomera Kumpoto", Woint Petersburg | Gia-2.3 "Dzuwa" | 2,3. | 0.17. | 2,3. | 25. |
| "Krasnaya nyenyezi", Moscow | Ngo | 3. | 0.23. | 3. | 25. |
| "Bi-Brita", Woint Petersburg | Var5. | 5,2 | 0.38. | zisanu | 80. |
| Fodya | 6.3 | 0.5. | 6. | 100 | |
| Var9. | 8,4. | 0,66 | 7 (palibe trolley) | 150. | |
| Fusch, Germany | Lp4300z. | 4.3 | 0.32. | zisanu | 550. |
| Lp4300pz. | 2.5 ... 4,3. | 0.19..3,32 | zisanu | 600. | |
| Gogaz, Germany | Ar704r | 3.5 | 0.25. | zinai | 450. |
| Ar707R | 2x3.5 | 0.5. | zisanu ndi zinai | 700. | |
| Atz4-14 * | 4 ... 14. | 0.25 ... 1.5 | 10 ... 40. | — |
* - Mitundu inayi.
Osintha zikomo "inzhproekt sk" yothandizira pokonzekera nkhaniyo.