Kuva muri Werurwe 2016, inzira yo kugarura imyenda yo gukoresha ibikorwa byoroshe. Noneho amashyirahamwe na hoas Diyani arashobora kwakira icyemezo cyubucamanza kizabafasha gusubiza imyenda yo gutukana bya komine murwego rwibihumbi 500.
Ifoto: Itangazamakuru rya Legio
Hafi ya miliyari 100 z'amadeni ku serivisi y'uburinganire yegeranijwe bitarenze 2016, niba wemera imibare, ariko kugeza ubu ntabwo byashobokaga kubohereza kuri ba nyir'ingamba.
Umwenda mwiza ukwiye undi
Dukurikije ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga imiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya, ba nyirayo n'amagorofa birasabwa kubamo ibibanza bihamye mu buryo bukwiye kandi buri gihe bishyura serivisi zingirakamaro. Iyo kubara leta zibanze zigomba gukoresha ibiciro byashyizweho nibikorwa byo kugenzura. Kubara bitanga isosiyete yo kuyobora, nayo yohereza kuri buri nyir'ubwite (cyangwa umukode) yo kwakira amagorofa. Aba nyuma bagomba kwerekana ubwoko bwo kwishyura, umubare wa serivisi zitangwa, igiciro, ingano ya premium yubwishingizi, kimwe nubucuruzi.Kwishura Ibikorwa, hashyizweho igihe runaka, hamwe no kurenga uwamwe umwenda uregwa ikaramu. Kugira ngo abone amafaranga ateganijwe, uwatanze inguzanyo arashobora gusaba urukiko, mu cyemezo cy'imyenda izakusanya abahesha cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe ikore. Ariko, kubahesha bafite amadeni ya buri mushahara ni muto cyane, hanyuma bakerekeza kuri bakuru umutwe gusa ushobora kwimurirwa kubandi bantu. Kenshi na kenshi, ikintu nkiki ntabwo gikubiyemo mumasezerano, bityo abifata imyenda ntibishobora kwishyura kuri konti igihe kinini cyane, ikomeza gukoresha ibikorwa. Kubwibyo, kuva 2016, hashyizweho impinduka mu mategeko: uburyo bwo gukusanya imyenda yoroshye no guhatanira gutera imbere.
Iteka ry'ubucamanza
Ihitamo nkiryo riroroshye kandi ryoroshye kubatanze - isosiyete yubuyobozi, ihagije yo gusaba urukiko aho yari atuye umwenda ku itangwa ry'urukiko. Inzira si yo, irashobora no gukoreshwa ku mpanuka, ahubwo yakoreshwaga mu mategeko ya Leta yo ku ya 02.03.2016. 45-FZ gutumiza nka Algorithm nyamukuru yo kwakira imyenda mu bukode mu nkiko z'ububasha rusange (kandi ntabwo ari ubukemurampaka).
Icyemezo ku rukiko rwo kugarura umwenda ku bukode bikorwa nta muburabikorwa n'ingorane z'ababuranyi kugira uruhare mu nama. Icyemezo kimenyeshwa no kudahabwa n'umuryango w'ubuyobozi, nyuma ababuranyi bafite iminsi 10 yo kujurira. Niba ikirego kitageze, itegeko rigerwaho byihuse
Iteka ry'ubucamanza - Icyemezo cyafashwe n'umucamanza Wenyine hashingiwe ku nyandiko yo gukira umwenda cyangwa ku bijyanye no kugarura umutungo wimukanwa, niba umubare w'amafaranga cyangwa ikiguzi cy'umutungo wimukanwa utarenga ibihumbi 500. Gusaba gutanga gahunda yubucamanza kumiterere nibirimo ni kubisobanuro bisanzwe byo gusaba. Igice cyo gutangira gitangirana namabwiriza yumucamanza, ukiragira invure (Kode yicyaha cyangwa HOA) numwenda. Niba uregwa yiyandikishije by'agateganyo mu nzu, fagitire yingirakamaro ugiye kwishyuza, ugomba kwerekana aho wiyandikisha uhoraho (niba uzwi nakirane. Igice gisobanura kigomba kubamo itariki umwenda afite amazu (kwemeza porogaramu agomba kuba akuramo USRP kumutungo utimukanwa).
Niba nta cyemezo cya nyirubwite, kopi y'ibikorwa byo kwakirwa kandi (cyangwa) bizakenerwa. Igice nyamukuru cyerekana ibisobanuro bya protocole yo guterana ku ishyirwaho ryamafaranga yibintu bikubiyemo ibintu bisanzwe, kimwe no kwishyura kubindi bikenewe byinzu (Izi nyandiko zirakenewe kugirango hamenyekane umubare w'amadeni). Igice cya gahunda cyo gusaba nikisabwa cyo gutanga iteka ryubucamanza, umubare nigihe cyo gukusanya imyenda nibihano (ibihano). Porogaramu igomba kwifatanije na kopi zose zinyandiko zemeza ko ideni ryo kubaho: kubara umwenda nibihano kubihe bihuye; Guhura na protocole, aho amafaranga yishyurwa akenewe; AMASEZERANO N'UMUNYARWANDA ku gutanga serivisi na sosiyete ishinzwe imiyoborere (niba ihari) na (cyangwa) amasezerano na Hoa mu micungire y'urugo; Inyemezabwishyu nubuhamya bwibikoresho bisanzwe nibikoresho byigihe cyagenwe; Icyemezo cyo kwishyura cyo kwishyura inshingano za leta (mugihe cya 50% byamafaranga agomba kwishyurwa mugihe utanze ibirego bimwe mubirego).
Amande ntazishyura gusa "kwibagirwa" ubukode, ariko kandi amasosiyete agenga imicungire. Bashobora gutangwa bashyigikiwe nabakodesha kuba bararushijeho kuba bakunzwe mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko (kugeza kuri 50% byo kwishyura nabi bazirikana mu gihe cyo kwishyura. Kuri serivisi nziza-zigera kuri 30%
Urashobora gutanga ibisobanuro byumucamanza wisi haba kuri posita cyangwa igice, hamwe na avoka. Guhitamo umucamanza bigenwa n'ubuso bw'urukiko, bwahawe akarere k'inzu y'umwenda. Nyuma yo gutanga icyifuzo, Urukiko rumaze iminsi itatu rufashe icyemezo cyo kugenda (cyangwa muminsi itanu itegura ibishishwa byanze bikunze kubitanga). Ababuranyi ntibahamagariwe mu rukiko, amateraniro ntabwo abera. Kopi y'icyemezo cyohererezwa abitabiriye urubanza, bitarenze ejobundi nyuma y'umunsi wo kurera, inyandiko yoherejwe ku rubuga rwemewe rw'urukiko kuri enterineti.
Iteka ry'ubucamanza ritangira iminsi icumi nyuma y'umwenda yakira kandi kuva muriki gihe bihwanye n'inyandiko nyobozi. Noneho itegeko rigengwa no kwimura abahesha b'inkiko. Nyuma yo kwakira itegeko, urashobora gutanga inzitizi mugihe cyiminsi icumi. Nyir'urugo rurwanya inshingano ze zigomba kwerekana mu nzitizi ntaremeranya na gahunda. Muri uru rubanza, urubanza rwoherezwa mu rukiko cyangwa (niba hari impamvu zihagije, urugero, niba umwenda agaragaza ko wakiriye ubwishyu bwingirakamaro) Iteka ry'ubucamanza rishobora guhagarikwa.
Ariko, icyemezo cyubucamanza ntabwo aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo kubona umwenda. Niba gusaba byanze cyangwa itegeko rihagarikwa, umuryango w'ubuyobozi ufite uburenganzira bwo gusaba urukiko hamwe n'ibisabwa.
Ifoto: Itangazamakuru rya Legio
Urukiko rugenda
Nk'impuguke zizera, urubanza rurerure ruhinduka imwe mu mbogamizi zibangamira gukira kw'imyenda yose. Niyo mpamvu ibyabaye mubucamanza gutumirwa koroshya bishoboka. Mu buryo bworoshye, imanza zishobora gusuzumwa: Kwemera nyirubwite no kugarura amafaranga cyangwa gutsemba umutungo, niba igiciro cy'ibirego kitarenze amafaranga ibihumbi 100; Dukurikije amagambo ashingiye ku nyandiko zatanzwe n'umunyamuryango urega ushyirwaho, ariko ntirusohozwa n'inshingano uregwa kandi (cyangwa) zemeza ibirarane mu masezerano. Muri icyo gihe, ntibikwiye: kuvuka mu mibanire y'amategeko (iyo umwe mu mashyaka ari Leta mu nzego); Huza na Gostayny; Ingaruka ku burenganzira bw'abana; Ibinyoma Mubimenyetso byumusaruro udasanzwe (iyo intego idakwiye gukemura amakimbirane iburyo). Byongeye kandi, umucamanza ashobora gusubira mubushobozi rusange bwo gusuzuma mugihe ari ngombwa kumenya ibintu byinyongera cyangwa gushakisha ibimenyetso byinyongera, shiraho ikizamini cyangwa umwumve, uburenganzira nuburenganzira bwemewe by'abandi barashobora kurenga.
Nk'uko abahanga benshi bavuga ko algorithm yo gukusanya imyenda n'urubanza izashobora gukoresha abakora selire. Mubyukuri, amahame yamategeko yitirirwa gusa kumyenda ya terefone yumujyi, ariko birashoboka ko azashobora kubahindura "ikintu cyose mucyemezo cyurukiko
Urukiko rukora ibisobanuro ku bijyanye no kwemeza umusaruro. Inyandiko ivuga ko urubanza ruvuga ko urubanza ruzasuzumwa mu buryo bworoshye, ijambo rishyingurwa gutanga ibimenyetso n'inzitizi kubisabwa. Nibura iminsi 15 uhereye umunsi wiyemeje. Urukiko rushobora kandi guha ibirori gukemura amakimbirane yigenga byerekana ko ubwiyunge bushobora kwiyunga. Niba ibimenyetso n'izindi nyandiko byinjiye mu rukiko mbere yo gufata umwanzuro kuri uru rubanza, ariko nyuma yigihe cyagenwe, bitemewe gusa nijambo ryabuze kubera impamvu zifatika. Urubanza rufatwa nta guhamagarira ababuranyi. Urukiko rusuzuma ibisobanuro byavuzwe mu nyandiko, inzitizi n'impaka kandi bifata icyemezo hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byatanzwe.
Muri 2016, gukura kw'ibiciro by'ingirakamaro biteganijwe kuri 4%, bikaba munsi cyane kuruta ifaranga. Abahanga bemeza ko amategeko mashya yo gukira amadeni n'ibihano bizafasha kudatanga imiryango itanga ibikoresho gusa, ariko no kuba umutimanama, kuko bazagira uruhare mu gutinda ku bukode bwo gukodesha
Kubara?
Mbere, ibihano byashinjwaga umunsi wa mbere wo gutinda ku bwinshi bw'igiciro cya 1/300 cya Banki Nkuru ya Banki Nkuru ya buri munsi w'imyenda. Kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2016, Sisitemu ya Actruals Accrual yahindutse. Noneho igikona cyishyurwa guhera kumunsi wa 31 wo gutinda kwishyura mugihe cya 1/300 bet, kandi kuva kumunsi wa 91, igihano kizatera kugeza 1/10. Igiciro cyo gutera inkunga Banki Nkuru kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2016 ni 11%. Dukurikije imibare, impuzandengo y'imyaka 60 i Moscou ni amafaranga ibihumbi 6. Dushingiye kuri aya makuru, dukuramo formulaire: Ubwinshi bwo kwishyura = umwenda ×nda yo gutinda (muminsi) × igihano, aho amafaranga ari ubukode, agwiza umubare wamezi yo gutinda.
Ifoto: Itangazamakuru rya Legio
Ukurikije amategeko ashaje, niba ugomba ukwezi 1, noneho ubutaha agomba kwishyura (usibye ubukode mumezi 2) igihano cya 68.2. (6000 × × 31 × 0.11 / 300). Dukurikije amategeko mashya, kuko ukwezi kwa mbere umwenda utarakurwa. Kuva ku mubare wa kabiri w'imyenda uzakomeza kuba kimwe na mbere - 68.2. Kuva mukwezi kwa gatatu, amafaranga azatangira kongera inshuro 2,5: 6000 × 3 × 91 × 91 × 0.11 / 130 = 1386. Abanditsi b'Urugendo bafite icyizere ko rigor ye yishyurwa n'amahirwe yo gukoresha iminsi 30 yambere nk'amoko yo kwishyura. Aba nyuma bafitanye isano cyane cyane n'abagiye mu rugendo rurerure, ntibakiriye ku gihe cyangwa ngo bakemure umushahara.
Ariko, abatwara amategeko-badahari ntibabigenewe. Amadeni ya nyir'ikigo hamwe n'ikaramu yagaruwe mbere azishyura isosiyete yo kuyobora, kuko ari we ugomba kwishyura konti z'abatanga ibikoresho. Noneho ingano yimyenda izavurwa kuva "ibikubiye mumutungo rusange winyubako yinzu" yakusanyirijwe munsi yingingo, ni ukuvuga amafaranga make kandi make kandi atazagenerwa ibikubiye mu nyubako. Abahagarariye imiryango yo kuyobora ntabwo bizeye ko uburyo bushya bwo gukusanya imyenda buzafasha mubikorwa kugirango buke cyane ku babere.
Ba ba guverineri bemeza ko ingamba nyinshi zizafasha guhangana n'abadahwitse: gushyira mu bikorwa umubare w'inyandiko rusange yo kwishyura, gushimangira amategeko yo kwimura umwenda igihe yagurishijwega, Kimwe no koroshya uburyo bukoreshwa, butuma kugabanya itangwa ryibikorwa kubabyifuzo. Ninde uburenganzira bwo gucunga isosiyete cyangwa abashingamategeko, azumvikana mu mpera z'umwaka, iyo havutse ibyavuye mu mpera z'urukiko kugarura imyenda ya komini izagaragara.
| Imbaga Kwishura | Ingano y'ibihano, bub. | |
|---|---|---|
| Mbere amabwiriza | Gishya amabwiriza | |
| Ukwezi 1 | 68.2. | 0 |
| Amezi 2 | 264. | 68.2. |
| Amezi 3 | 594. | 1386. |
| Amezi 6 | 2376. | 5483. |
| Amezi 12 | 9636. | 22 236.9 |
Ubukode butari bwo
Amakosa yubutumwa akenshi afitanye isano nuko code yamategeko ahabwa ubukode ku baturage basezeye (urugero, ku muvandimwe wapfuye wanditswe mu nzu, cyangwa kuri ba nyirayo babanjirije iyo ahindura nyir'imiturire). Ariko, mugihe wize inyemezabwishyu yo kwishyura serivisi zingirakamaro, byagaragaye ko amafaranga amenyerewe ari kure cyane (reka tuvuge ko amazi ashyushye kandi akonje), birakenewe gukora kuburyo bukurikira.
- Kora porogaramu muri sosiyete ishinzwe imiyoborere ufite icyifuzo cyo gusobanura inzira yo kuvugurura ibikorwa bifatika, kimwe no kwerekana ibiciro n'amabwiriza akurikizwa. Isosiyete yo kuyobora igomba gusubiza iminsi itatu, ariko ifite uburenganzira bwo gusaba kongera iri jambo.
- Niba igisubizo kiva muri sosiyete ishinzwe imigisha ntigikurikize, birakenewe gusaba amashyirahamwe yo kugenzura n'imikorere - guhura n'ahantu ho gutura, urwego rw'amafaranga y'ibiciro na ROSPOBNNADNOR (irinda abantu bose nta kurondaramo serivisi).
- Muri icyo gihe, urashobora kohereza porogaramu ku biro by'ubushinjacyaha, bigamije kurengera uburenganzira bw'abaturage mu manza zose nta kudasanzwe. Porogaramu igomba kwiyandikisha kandi isubirwamo muminsi 30.
- Mugihe ubukode butatibukwa, birakenewe kuvugana nurukiko. Gushushanya ikirego, ugomba gukoresha ubufasha bwumunyamategeko. Hamwe n'icyemezo cyiza cy'urukiko, Isosiyete y'Ubuyobozi itegetswe kwikuramo igihe kigufi gishoboka, bitabaye ibyo Abaheshabirifu bazishora mu gukemura ikibazo.
