Isubiramo rya Windows idasanzwe - Round na Semiccular, Oval na Semi-core, yometse, Trapezoid, Trapezoid, Traungalar, nibindi
Monotony yo mu mijyi yubatswe n'amazu asanzwe, ni ukuhagera mu mijyi. Kwigaragambyaga kurwanya ibyo bisabwa bisaba gusohoka tuyisanga mugihe cyubaka amazu yo mugihugu. Nibyiza, icyifuzo cyo gutanga imiterere yihariye cyumuntu ku giti cye kidashoboka gushyira mubikorwa bidakoresheje ibishushanyo byumwimerere.
Gutandukana kw'imiterere, aho hantu nubunini bwa Windows nimwe mubuhanga bwubwubatsi bugaragaza. Rimwe na rimwe, idirishya rigenwa na kamere yimiterere. Ibishushanyo bidasanzwe bikoreshwa birashobora gushimangira imiterere yatoranijwe nubwubatsi cyangwa, kubinyuranye, bifasha mwiherero wabigenewe. Barimba inzu hanze kandi icyarimwe bagira uruhare runini murwego rwimbere, muburyo budasanzwe bwo gufungura urumuri.
Archites e.orova, n.golovin Ifoto v.nepledova | 
Poloni. | 
Umwubatsi M. Bschevsky Ifoto K. Manko. | 
Umwubatsi E. Shchelnova Ifoto K. Manko |
1. Byashoboraga kugira ifishi ya Bisarre nyinshi, ariko icyarimwe, kubera imbaraga zikomeje, zigereranya kubaka cyane.
2. Idirishya-ryikirahure Idirishya kuva Mahogany Array (URzedowski)
3.Ni imishinga minini irashobora gukora Windows, ibice, mu cyumba cyimiryango n'inzugi zuburyo bumwe
4. Imiterere ikunzwe cyane yidirishya ryubushakashatsi ni uruziga cyangwa mpandeshatu
Kuba ugana kutaringaniza ni ubunini bwa Windows bigoramye (kuzenguruka na semiccular, oval na semike, trapezoid, na trapeziid.) Inzego nkizo zikoreshwa muburyo bwo kubaka Rustic gusa. Amazu yubatswe muri XIX-kare XXV. Noneho yagaruwe, amazu ya Stalin n'inyubako nshya ni gufungura muri izi nyubako zose, verzing isaba uburyo budasanzwe.
Meii ku murima w'ikirahure
Hariho inzira nyinshi zo guhisha Windows munsi ya kera. Mbere ya byose, ibinyoma-bikoreshwa kandi byinjijwe muri Windows ebyiri.
Imiterere yazamuye ikozwe muri kato (8-12mm) plastiki cyangwa aluminium. Iyo imaze gushyirwaho, ni ngombwa ko intera iri hagati yikirahure kagereranijwe byibura 16mm, ubundi, hamwe na mashini hamwe na sash na susts ikomeye yumuyaga, izavunika, cyane cyane niba ubunini bubiri y'ubunini bukomeye). Ubugari bwa PVC, ibiti cyangwa aluminium biratandukanye cyane. Bakora ibintu byizewe byizewe byuburyo gakondo, amateka yacyo asubira muribyo bihe mugihe bidashoboka gukora ibirahuri kinini. Birashoboka kubisubiramo hamwe nubufasha bwumwirondoro wihariye-yikirahure (cyangwa imishumire yuzuye ikirahure), ariko ni tekinoroji igoye, bityo rero ni gake cyane.
Bamwe mu ba produces ya sisitemu ya PVC, SCHCO, Trokal (Ubudage bwose) - Mubudage bwose) - Mu gitabo gikungahaye ku byumwihariko kumwirondoro w'imyenda, byashizweho ku buryo budasanzwe bwo guhinduranya amadirishya (akoresheje inkombe za IDR. Ibicuruzwa nkibi byakozwe mu nganda z'amahanga gusa, kandi ku isoko ryacu ni gake nini: Gutanga Uburusiya birashoboka gusa.
Guhindura Ifishi
Byombi PVC, no muri aluminium, no mu biti birashobora gukorwa idirishya ryibishushanyo bifatika, ariko hariho imbogamizi kubera imiterere yibi bikoresho nibisobanuro byikoranabuhanga. N'ubundi kandi, birakenewe ko Windows idasanzwe ihaza ibisabwa bimwe byumvikana kandi yubushyuhe mugihe cyanyuma, ntabwo yari munsi yicyambere mubijyanye numwuka nubushuhe kandi byoroshye gukora . Noneho, gerageza umenye imirimo iri ku rutugu rw'abakora igezweho, kandi nta. Tuzakora reservation icyarimwe kwitondera bidasanzwe muri iyo ngingo izishyurwa Windows ya plastike kuri ubu mugihe gikomeye.
Ariko. | 
b. | 
muri. | 
G. |
Windows idasanzwe ya Windows ifite Ikirahure cyanduye: ariko - Kuva muri pine Missif (Istarholz); B. - Igice cyapfuye kiva mumyandikire ya KVE ("Eurowenda")
Ubugari bwa plastike plastike ( in ) biratandukanye muri 8-4mm. Yashyizwe mu miterere y'ibirahure ( G. ) Ni gake cyane mugari kurenza 12mm, ariko biragufasha gukora urugero rutoroshye, nkuko byoroshye nyuma yo gushyushya umuhigo winganda.
Ghnet umurongo we. Mubisobanuro byishusho mubisanzwe byamamaye cyane. JEL Gothique yarashushanyije kandi aryisi (mumiterere ya Horseshoe) irashobora kwitirirwa isohoka rya exotic, hanyuma umugabane wibice bya kimwe cya kabiri byibuze ku isoko rya Window 6-8%. Muri ibyo birori, igihe kijyanye n'imyambarire y'uburayi bwo mu Burayi bwakoreshwaga mu gice cya kabiri gifite urubuga rwa curvinear "kumeneka" kuva ku tubari duhagaritse, kandi zifata ku nguni.
Imipaka nyamukuru ku gukora intwaro zoherejwe na kimwe cya kabiri, kuzenguruka idirishya rikozwe muri plastiki biterwa nuko radiyo ntoya ishobora kunama. Rero, kuri PVC nyamukuru pvc (zirimo imyirondoro ya sanduku, sash, imosts) ni 5-6 uburebure bwabo. Nibyo, kubwumwirondoro w'agasanduku (muri sisitemu nyinshi ni 7mm cyangwa bike) radiyo ntarengwa imaze kuba mm 350, kumwirondoro wa 80m) - 400m. Rero, ntibishoboka gukora idirishya (kuzenguruka) rifite ubugari (diameter) rya mm itarenze 700, ariko yafunguwe munsi ya 800mm. Muri icyo gihe, buri wese wandika Windows afite aho agarukira, biterwa cyane cyane ibikoresho bifite ushikamye.
Rudupis | 
| 
"Windows ishyushye" | 
"Eurowka" |
5. Isosiyete Rudupis yateguye ikoranabuhanga rigufasha guhuza Windows inshuro ebyiri muri Windows yimbaho ku mfuruka ya 90 idafite ikoreshwa ry'ikadiri na sfolders
6. Erekana ikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji ya PVC-Umwirondoro-Umwirondoro wa PVC kuri Mosbuild 2008 (interplist ihagaze)
7. Gutegura igice cyoherejwe cyidirishya ryibiti
8. Imashini irenze inguni yo munsi ya 30 igoye
Vuga muri make uburyo umwirondoro wa PVC usabiriza. Igice gishyuha kigera kuri 130s, nyuma gitanga imiterere ikenewe, nkoresheje ibikoresho byihariye (sisitemu isanzwe kuva ku bufasha bwa treetolastique, imiterere yacyo hamwe nubufasha bwo konsa ya vacuum bunoze radiyo yifuzwa). Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gushyushya plastiki: "itose", aho igice kibizwa muminota 10-15 mu cyumba gishyushye, kandi "byumye" - umwirondoro uhabwa ibihangano cyangwa gutwara umwuka ushyushye unyuze mu mwobo. Ikintu kandi mubundi buryo ushobora gushyushya umwirondoro wa 3000mm igihe kirekire ndetse nibindi birenze nta kugabanya uburebure bwigice.
Yunamye cyane numwiyumirwa wera kandi bifite amabara, hamwe no gutwikira acrylic, - kandi isura n'imbaraga za clutch yo guhangana nubutaka ntabwo bibabazwa na byose. "Ubuntu" bwagaragaye mbere kuruta "byuma" bigufasha gushyushya umwirondoro cyane. Bitewe nibi, birashoboka gukumira isura yimbere mumiterere yibikoresho byunamye hamwe nizindi myambaro. Ariko, ibikoresho bihenze kandi binini kuri "itose" ntabwo biboneka kubakora bose.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Kugirango ukore idirishya ridasanzwe ibice, igiti cyimpamvu nyinshi nicyo kintu gikwiye. Mbere ya byose, kubera ko imyirondoro yimbaho irwanya imizigo iganisha ku nyubako itifuzwa. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kwihuta, imbaraga zimirire yimirire yimbaho na sash ni bimwe biruta ibyakozwe na PVC kumyirondoro yanyuma (nubwo hariho liner yanyuma). Invonale, igiti, bitandukanye na plastike, ntabwo ari ukutagengwa nubushyuhe. Igishishwa cya geometrie ya sash ntabwo gihinduka mugihe cyo gukora - niba, birumvikana ko ibikoresho byidirishya byabaye nk'imirongo myiza myiza. Rero, birashoboka kubyara imiryango igera kuri 2800mm ndende (ifite ubugari bwa 800m), hamwe namatsiko yimiterere yimyizerere yo kwizerwa no kuramba.
Vuba ahariho ikoranabuhanga ryemerera kurinda Windows igoramye riva mu kirere rikoresha imikoranire yo kurinda-gushushanya ihuza ibiranga, byongereye cyane imikorere yacyo kandi yongerera ibintu.
Dmitry Yakubov, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Rudupis
Ibice bya curvilinear ya CVC imyirondoro ya PVC ntabwo ishimangirwa (icyuma cyicyuma ntigishobora kunyerera kuri radiyo watanzwe icyarimwe hamwe numwirondoro wa PVC uzengurutse utanga ibya nyuma). Nukuri, ntibishoboka gukosora ibijyanye nibikoresho-byanyuma, "imikasi", gutunganya ibisekuru mumwanya ufunguye, it.d.. Ibi, nabyo, bishyiraho ibipimo ntarengwa byinzego nuburyo bwo kubakingura. Rero, diameter yumuzenguruko ufunguye hamwe nicyumba kimwe-cyimikino inshuro ebyiri zidarenze 1200mm, hamwe nibikoresho bya horizontal cyangwa guhagaritse byashimangiwe nabi. Idirishya ryumwirondoro utsinzwe cyane nabavandimwe bayo b'urukiramende nubushobozi bwo kunanira, bitezwa ko bafite ibice batajyanye no gushimangira. Kubwibyo, bakeneye kwinjizamo inzego zo gukingira.
Ariko. | 
b. | 
muri. |
G. | 
d. | 
e. |
Icyitegererezo cya Windows: ariko - hamwe na Framuga itumva; B. - Hamwe no gufungura Framuga; D. - Impumuro kuva PVC imyirondoro; E. - Ibiti hamwe no gufungura bitatu.
Icyitegererezo cya Windows yimbaho hamwe n'imisozi y'ibinyoma: in - Ibyutsa munsi ya kera, hamwe na Framuga no kubatwitse; G. - Ubwoko bugezweho.
Gushakisha ibisubizo byiza kandi byikoranabuhanga muri buri rubanza bisaba uburyo ku giti cye. Ndetse no gufungura bigoye kandi rimwe na rimwe bidashoboka ibisabwa kubakiriya, akenshi birashoboka kubona ubwumvikane: igice cyumunsi aho kuba atch, gushimangira igishushanyo mbonera no gukurura ibirahuri muri sash, hamwe no gufungura ibipfamatwi no gufungura ibice. Kurugero, idirishya ryatojwe mu kimenyetso rikomeye ntabwo rifata urukiramende, nibyiza kubikora hamwe no hejuru yubuturo rwatandukanijwe na horizontal itandukanijwe, hamwe nigituba cyo hasi (sash), gishobora gufungurwa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.
Imiterere yometse ikozwe muri aluminiyumu. Umwirondoro wa Aluminum Window urwangirwa nubukonje bukonje ku mashini zizunguruka. Umubare ntarengwa wa radiyo mubisanzwe ntabwo urenze uburebure bwamagorofa itatu. Iri koranabuhanga ritanga ubunini bwubunini bwigice cyambukiranya umwirondoro, kandi imbaraga zacyo ntizibabara. Yoo, gukenera kwivuguruza ibikoresho bihenze bitegeka igiciro kinini cya Windows, gikozwe ukoresheje umwirondoro wuruhinja: 1M2 wanditseho idirishya rya aluminiyumu rifite ibiciro mumyaka 2-2.5 bihenze cyane.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Ikibazo cyo gukora "kudatanga gipimo" ntigisanzwe ninyandiko rusange ikoranabuhanga ryerekeye umusaruro wa Windows, kandi cyane cyane kubunararibonye bwa sosiyete muri kano karere. Kugira ngo ukemure imirimo nk'ibi, ibikoresho byihariye, ibikoresho ndetse nabyo, birumvikana ko ba shebuja babishoboye, amahugurwa yabo birashoboka gusa. Kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa byiza, nkibintu byatowe, byanze bikunze ugomba gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi byo gushyingirwa. Yoo, ibigo byihariye, abakozi bayo ntibafite ubumenyi bukenewe, barashobora gufata icyemezo kuri buri "udasanzwe", utabimenyesheje umukiriya kubyerekeye ibibujijwe. Mugihe kimwe, urwego rwubuto ruzagena igiciro cyinshi cyibicuruzwa, bidatanga ubuziranenge bukwiye. Kubwibyo, mbere yo gutumiza uburyo budasanzwe, ingano cyangwa idirishya muri sosiyete runaka, ugomba gusaba uburambe bwe mumwanya wo gukora inzego nkizo.
Gregory Alkaev, Umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe Amahugurwa ya Propin Rus
Ibiti byo mu giti, kuzenguruka n'ibindi bikoresho bisa, bivuka ku gikorwa cya mbere cyakozwe na plelygonal ya mbere, hanyuma ibisabwa muri yo. Ubu buryo bwongera ubwinshi bw'imyanda no gukora akazi cyane, ariko itanga ubushishozi bukomeye. Ubugari bwikingoro irashobora kuba ntarengwa MM 300 yatewe nuko munsi ya radiyo munsi yikirahure (ariko iyi mbogamizi irakurwaho mugihe ukoresheje ikintu cyoroshye kuva polycarbonate). Igiciro cyidirishya ryibiti byanditse muri 1.6-22radis rirenze urukiramende rwakarere rumwe.
"Idirishya Hobbit" | 
Umwubatsi muri elegdinssh Ifoto K. Manko. | 
Umwubatsi I. Knyazev Ifoto V.Viliev |
9. Idirishya ryuzuye kuva kumurongo wamabara veka
10,11. Igipimo cyimiterere yimiterere yinyubako imwe ikubiyemo uburyo bwa hepp umwuga wa herp numurimo wubwubatsi. Gusa kuriyi miterere yidirishya bizahuza muburyo bwinzu n'imbere. Nihetoba ntibatanze ikibazo cyinyongera mugihe cyo gukora, gutumiza ibicuruzwa bikurikira gusa kubakora
Kuva mu mfuruka kugera kuri inguni. Idirishya rya mpandeshatu na trapezoudal akenshi zikoreshwa cyane muri katiti na kimwe cya kabiri-gari ya mota. Idirishya ryuburyo bukwiranye nubukungu bwinyubako; Barashobora kandi gushyirwaho muri Lugarine. Iki gisubizo cyibisharira kuri atike ni ubundi buryo bwamadirishya yashyizwe hejuru yinzu.
Ariko hano ntaho ari ahantu hose mububiko bwa tekiniki. Inguni ntarengwa yo gusudira ya PVC iterwa nubwoko bwabo nubushobozi bwibikoresho (imashini zisumba, uburebure bwibintu bishyushya ntabwo birenga mm 210). Nkibisanzwe, imfuruka ntoya birashoboka ko yasumba imyirondoro ni 30. Ihame, zirashobora gusudira no munsi yinkubi y'umuyaga, ariko kashe izahindukira kandi igahindukira itarangwamo kandi imbaraga zayo ntizizubahirizwa nubu Ibipimo (ukurikije Gost30673-99 "Polyviny yimyirondoro ya chloride kumwirondoro ku idirishya n'inzugi z'umuryango" bigomba kuba byibura ku myirondoro yose). Hano twavugaga gusa amadirishya atumva akorerwa adakoresheje imyirondoro yinkambi. Inguni ntarengwa ushobora guteka imyirondoro ya sash - 45. Niba ahahanamye igisenge ari munsi ya 45, gufungura karapezodal nibyiza imbere. Uburyo bwa Windows bugufasha gusubiramo imirongo yinzu hejuru yinzu, ariko dore nta mfuruka zikarishye zigira umwanya mubishushanyo mbonera.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Mugihe ushushanya inzu ifite idirishya ridasanzwe gufungura, ni byiza guhora ugisha inama inzobere mu kigo gikora idirishya. Nta manza zihari mugihe hagaragaye ibipimo byikoranabuhanga bidashoboka gukora idirishya rya plastike kugirango dufungure, kandi niba ari ukuri, imbaraga zishushanyije zidashimishije. Kurugero, niba radiyo ya curvature ya arvant ni indangagaciro zidasanzwe, impande zibice zipfuka hanze, kandi isura yumuryango hejuru yinkuta zimbere. Ariko nubwo hamwe na radiyo ahwanye nuburebure bwa equills, ibipimo byigice cyacyo mu cyubahiro cyahinduwe, bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya koner. Kenshi na kenshi, abakiriya basabwe gukora ibishushanyo bisobanutse bifite aho birenga 2,5M2 bidashoboka cyangwa intera nini iri hagati yabo (intera nini ya PVC uyumunsi imyirondoro ya PVC idafite imbaraga zihagije zo kubikora. Ibikoresho byiza kuri Windows nicyitegererezo cyumuryango nimbaho cyangwa "bishyushye".
Vladimir Gorensy, uyobora inzobere muri tekinike ya sosiyete Yukko
Kuva kumwirondoro na Aluminium (Abashakanye ba mbere mu mfuruka bakoresheje abahuza binjijwe mubyumba, bakoresheje amahwa menshi), urashobora gukora amadirishya akomeye), hamwe no gufungura amadirishya, agera kuri 30, nka 20.
Idirishya rya mpandeshatu, nkitegeko, zifite ibikoresho bya swivel cyangwa gusa hamwe no kuzinga gusa, niba bishoboka, bifite inguni nini cyane (bitari inguni nini (ubundi birashoboka ko sash izakoraho agasanduku ka falsat). Windows ya trapezoidal irashobora kuba impande zombi cyangwa kuzunguruka no kuzunguruka.
TEORY YINSHI
Igifaransa (hamwe nizindi zose-zifatika) imyirondoro ya PVC irashobora gukorwa gusa niba ingano yimirima ya glazing hamwe na misa yikirahure ntabwo irenze indangagaciro ntarengwa. Inzobere mu "Window" zigena indangagaciro zabo mu gishushanyo kiri mu nyandiko ya tekiniki iherekeje kuri buri bwoko.
Imipaka mubunini iterwa no gushiraho ibintu: uburebure nubugari bwumwirondoro, ubugari bwikirakari bwa amplifier, ubwinshi bwibirahure, ubwoko bwikigereranyo), geometrie ya sash . Kuri sisitemu izwi cyane kumyirondoro ya gatanu - Igishushanyo mbonera (Rehau), Impuguke (KBE, UBURENGANZIRA (LEKA, Otirishiya), Suprif , Uburusiya) nibindi byinshi ni ibipimo ntarengwa byo kuzenguruka urukiramende hamwe nicyumba kimwe cyatsinzwe inshuro ebyiri ni 2100900mm, ariko ubugari bwiburengerazuba bwa 1500 buzaba munsi ya 1500m. Mubikorwa, abakora Windows, nkitegeko, umwiherero wimyanda mibi zagenwe mubyangombwa bya tekiniki, kuruhande ruto hanyuma ushyireho aho ubushobozi bwabo bugarukira mubunini bwa sash kuri buri bwoko bwubwubatsi.
Igitekerezo cy'umwuga
Shakisha niba isosiyete ifite aho ugiye gutegeka Windows idasanzwe, uburambe bwo gukora inzego nkizo ntabwo bigoye cyane. Imbere queue, baza alubumu hamwe namafoto yibintu bivuza. Birafuzwa ko hariho Windows, bisa nibyo ukeneye. Ibikurikira, shakisha aho ubushobozi bushobora gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera. Niba ufite inshingano ko nta mbogamizi zihari, birakenewe gushidikanya ku bushobozi bw'abajyanama no, bityo, mu mwanya w'ikigo ku isoko. Inone, shakisha igihe cyateganijwe. Niba, hamwe numujwi muto (kurugero, gukurura inzu yigihugu), barenze 1 igiciro.
Intare Minullin, Umuyobozi uhongereye imbere yitsinda ryamasosiyete "Poplex"
Ibyiza cyane kugirango umusaruro widirishya munini usuzume imyirondoro ya aluminium. Buri sisitemu ikwiranye hari amanota yingenzi muburebure (ubugari bugaragara) bitewe na misa yabazwe sash (50-400kg). Ariko hano ibibujijwe ahantu hanini hamwe na Windows inshuro ebyiri, bitewe numuyaga wimiyaga, bizirikanwa (akarere, ubwoko bwubutaka, ubuturo bwo kwishyiriraho bwafashwe).
Amabara yose Ral
Kurota
Igishushanyo icyo ari cyo cyose kidasanzwe cyerekana gusa. Kuva muri sosiyete haza inzobere zikora ibipimo (mugihe habaye amadirishya adasanzwe, birakenewe ko ubwubatsi wa geometrike kuruhande rwimpamyabumenyi, kandi hamwe na geometrie itari yo, ibirori bihari byo gukora inyandikorugero). Niba isosiyete ifite ibikoresho byose bikenewe, igihe cyo gushyira mubikorwa ugereranije na Windows isanzwe iziyongera iminsi 5-15 (nubwo, byose biterwa nurwego rworoshye rwinshingano. Niba ubufasha bwo guhindura bizakenerwa, igihe ntarengwa gishobora kwiyongera 1mes. Igiciro cyidirishya ridasanzwe buri gihe kibara kugiti cye, oya "kubara" kiboneka kurubuga rwa interineti rwibigo byinshi ntikizamfasha. Kenshi kwiyongera nigiciro cyo kwishyiriraho (ibisanzwe 10% byibiciro bya Windows byahinduwe kuri 15 cyangwa 20%).Kurera Coefficient kubiciro kuri Windows idasanzwe
| Ubwoko bwa Windows | Coefficient |
|---|---|
| Yambere | 1.3-1.6 |
| Mpagarara na trapezoidal | 1.2-1.4 |
| Hamwe n'ikitiba | 1.2-1.4 |
| Hamwe n'uburambanyi | 1,2 |
| Hamwe n'uburambe bw'ibihugu byombi | 1,3 |
Abanditsi barashimira yucco, Rudupis, Indowazi-Windows, "Uruzi", "Rus", Rehau kugira ngo afashe mu gutegura ibikoresho.