Impano Eol.

Uruganda rwimbaraga rwinzu yigihugu: Ubwoko bwicyitegererezo, Amahame Yimikorere, Amashanyarazi adasanzwe, abayikora.

Ishusho Kanda /

Amakuru y'Iburasirazuba.

Mugihe cyo gusinzira igihe kirekire, aho kuba igihingwa cyamashanyarazi yumuyaga, generator kuri lisansi cyangwa lisansi ya mazutu ikorera mu kazu

Windwall izenguruka igiti cya moteri yamashanyarazi kubyara amashanyarazi

Ibi birasa na resitora igezweho yo gusimbuka

Ikiganiro cyumuyaga cyashyizwe mumwanya uhagaze kandi uhamye (ibyiciro byo gushiraho bireba hepfo)

Kwishyiriraho Generator "Sapan-1". Kurubuga rwatoranijwe kugirango ushyireho generator yumuyaga, usukwa hakurikijwe gahunda yo kwishyiriraho inkingi eshanu zifatika. Ikigo cyo gufatira urufatiro rwa mast (a), ku mpande - inkingi enye zo gufunga ibimenyetso (b)

Inkunga ya gatandatu irakenewe - kugirango ikongeze winch, aho umuyaga washyizwe ahagaragara wazamuwe mumwanya wakazi (uhagaritse). Cammona itangiye gusa iyo fonete yakozwe, ikanguka imbaraga. Mu ntangiriro, ishingiro rya mast (c) rirakosowe, igice cya mbere (d) cyashyizwe kuri yo, kigabanijwe kandi ibisigaye byometse kugeza mast izakusanywa (e)

Vertex yumubare wateranye ukururwa nuka umuyaga. Inteko yibintu byingenzi bya generator yumuyaga bikorwa mumurima, inzira igizwe nibikorwa byinshi bishinzwe kandi bimara byibuze 1-2-- (e, g)

Kmachte na ForemGage Foundgage ijyanye no kurambura ibimenyetso bikozwe na kabi ka gakino. Bashyigikiye mast ya generator yumuyaga mumwanya uhagaze neza (s)

Kuzamura Mast bikozwe nincch bifatanye muriki kibazo ntabwo ari inkunga ya gatandatu, ahubwo ni ikadiri yimodoka yimizigo

Muri uru rubanza, "mast- umufasha" ikoreshwa, kohereza imbaraga zo guterura kuva mu nshuro nyamukuru munsi ya mast yingenzi munsi yinguni yifuzwa (k)

Yateguwe neza kandi yubatse imibare yimirima irwanya umuyaga wimbaraga zibiri

Ibi birasa na generator yumuyaga igezweho hamwe numuyaga wa Oriete-Oriete

Ikintu cyihariye cyiki cyitegererezo: Windywell ihinduka perpendicular kumuyaga kubera ukubaho kuboneka muburyo budasanzwe bwumurizo

Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gushiraho ibimenyetso birambuye bishyigikira gestrator yumuyaga

Uruhinja rwimari yumuyaga rukorera inzu yigihugu ntibyerekana gusa icyifuzo cya nyir'ubwigenge gusa, ariko kandi ko atitaye ku mwuka abana be bazumva. Ariko muri byose, gukoresha ibikoresho nkibi bifite ishingiro mubukungu? Reka tugerageze kubimenya.

Umuyaga, urakomeye?

Imyaka / Amakuru y'Iburasirazuba

Mbere yumuyaga ugezweho - umuyaga wa umuyaga, kamere ntabwo wakusanyije umuyaga wose mu murima, nkuko byagenze kuri gaze karemano, amavuta n'amakara, kandi ntibihatira gutemba hamwe na RUPS, nk'inzuzi. Imbaraga z'umuyaga ni colossal rwose (abatuye ubutaka birashoboka ko ku ya 53000 ku ya 53000 ku ya metero 4 zirenze ingufu z'isi), ariko, ishyano, yatatanye mu mwanya mu mijyi itandukanye no gupima. Umuvuduko umwe nicyerekezo cyumuyaga akenshi ni ubusa gusa mubihe byanyuma nibitabo bya kera, bishushanya itandukaniro. Ariko, birashoboka gusuzuma niba inyungu zo gushyira mubikorwa nkibi birashoboka. Kugirango ukore ibi, birakenewe kwiga ubushobozi bwumuyaga bwubutaka, mubyukuri, biranga nyamukuru yihuta yumuyaga wa buri mwaka (impuzandengo nubusanzwe agaciro k'ubwo bupfura bwumuyaga bwumuyaga wagaragaye mumwaka). Ibi birashobora gukorwa hagati ya hydrometeologiya no gukurikirana ibidukikije cyangwa no ku kibuga cyegereye ikibuga cyegereye (niba gifite serivisi yacyo yateguwe).

Imyaka / Amakuru y'Iburasirazuba

Ahantu heza ho gushiraho generator yumuyaga ni umurima usukuye cyangwa ikibaya cyo hasi yumuyaga (muri 3-4m / s) byakuweho ukoresheje igihingwa cyamashanyarazi, bigera ku muguzi. Kurugero, mukarere ka Moscou, aho impuzandengo yumuyaga yumwaka ari hafi 4m / s (3.7-4.2- s), umuyaga ugezweho uzatanga hafi 120 kwh / ukwezi (ariko, birahagije kugirango imbaraga nyinshi- Kuzigama amatara, TV, firigo no kuzenguruka pompe, reba kumeza.). Umwaka, umusaruro wibikoresho uzaba 1440 Batuck, no mubuzima bwose, ni ukuvuga hafi imyaka 20 (ibikoresho byiza cyane bigomba gukora byinshi), - 28800 luvelity. Igiciro cyo gutunganya umuyaga mu iboneza ryemeza ko amashanyarazi yemeza akazu, tuzatwara amadorari 7000 ($ 3000-10000). Muri icyo gihe, ikiguzi cya 1 KWH kizaba kingana na $ 0.24, cyangwa ku gipimo cya hagati ya Mutarama 2006. - hafi ya 6.93. Kuri 1 kwh. Kubyerekeranye: Amashanyarazi yaguzwe nabantu ku giti cyabo, mukarere ka Moscou bigura amafaranga 1.60. Kuri 1 kwh, nigihe uhuza umwuga wigenga utanga isoko, kugeza 3.5. Kuri 1 kwh.

Archites I.YanSone, K.avostins

Ifoto M.Stepanov kuva hejuru, biroroshye kurangiza: Gukoresha ingufu zumuyaga mukarere ka Moscou bifite ishingiro niba nta mashanyarazi ya Moscou afite ishingiro niba nta mashanyarazi ashingiye ku bukungu. nka maseteri ya mazutu, arenze amafaranga 7. Kuri cottage yamaze guhuzwa numuyoboro, shyira umuyaga kubitekerezo bikiza ntacyo bivuze, usibye kumashanyarazi. AESL Imbaraga zamashanyarazi kuri kanama ntirarangwa, ariko birashoboka kubireka? Hano birumvikana gutekereza kandi ibintu byose birabarwa, biterwa nigiciro cyo guhuza umuyoboro (mubice bitandukanye byakarere ka Moscou bizatwara

Gukoresha ingufu z'umuyaga "byuzuye", umucyo wihuta wa umuyaga ukwiye kuba 3-41 hejuru yinzitizi zose muri radiyo ya 200m $ 800-1200 kuri 1KW icyarimwe), kimwe na burundu kwiyongera kubiciro byamashanyarazi (hafi 10% mumwaka). Ahari bizaba inyungu kugirango batererane gutanga kandi bahitemo ingufu zumuyaga - nkuko bigaragara kubica amashanyarazi.

Uturere twibiziga tw'igihugu aho impuzandengo yumuyaga ngarukamwaka iri hejuru yakarere ka Moscou, gukoresha ishami ryamashanyarazi byumuyaga birashobora kumera neza kuruta kugura amashanyarazi. Kurugero, mu turere umuvuduko wumuyaga ari 8m / s, bizashoboka kuva mubikoresho bya Kiloate nka 580kw / ukwezi, kandi amashanyarazi azakorera umuguzi mu mafaranga 1.43. Kuri 1 kwh. Akenshi birahendutse kuruta kugura amashanyarazi "kuruhande" - kubucuruzi, kandi rimwe na rimwe kubiciro bya leta. Kurugero, muri Kamchatatka, ibiciro byamashanyarazi kuva kurimbuka 2. Kuri 1 kwh. Nibyiza gushyira umurika umuyaga ku nkombe z'inyanja y'Amajyaruguru, Igikombe cya Finilande, inyanja y'umukara na caspiya, kimwe na Kamchatka, Sakhalin na Chukotka, muri Yakitia. Ibindi bice byinshi bitanga ikizere, aho umuyaga ukomeye ugenda (ufite umuvuduko wihuse kugeza kuri 10m / s) hamwe nukubaka sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi bikubiyemo amafaranga yigenga.

Numuvuduko wumuyaga ugera kuri 2,5 m, ntabwo bikwiye gukoresha imigezi yumuyaga nkisoko yingufu. Bizashimangira, imbaraga z'umuyaga zizabura no guharanira umuyaga.

Kugereranya imbaraga zikoreshwa kubikoresho byamashanyarazi byinzu yigihugu

Umuguzi	Imbaraga zapimwe, w	Igihe cyakazi kumunsi, h	Kunywa amashanyarazi, KWH.
kumunsi	ukwezi
Firigo	150.	7.	1,1	31.5
Televiziyo	100	6.	0,6	cumi n'umunani
Kumura amatara azigama amatara	120.	bitanu	0,6	cumi n'umunani
Mudasobwa	100	6.	0,6	cumi n'umunani
Pump	60.	24.	1,44.	43,2
Pompe nini	1200.	0.5.	0,6	cumi n'umunani
Amagare abiri	2000.	2.	Bane	120.
Firigo	200.	7.	1,4.	42.
Byose:	3930.	-	10.3	308.7

Sisitemu shingiro

Inverter n'imbaraga za 2 2.5. Igikoresho gishobora gushyirwaho haba mu buryo butambitse kandi uhagaritse kubakora imbaraga zumuyaga bibanda kumiterere ya horizontal ya horizontal ya horizontal ishobora guhindura neza imbaraga zumuyaga mumashanyarazi. Imbaraga za Horizontal-Axial Ingufu za Horizontal ikoreshejwe mubwiciro bwigenga bwingufu zituruka kuri cumi na kimwe cya cumi cya kilowatt kugeza 10-15KW. Hano haragurishwa kandi moderi zikomeye kuri megawatt nyinshi. Ariko, gahunda yabo ni ugukora amashanyarazi kugirango agaburire umuyoboro wamashanyarazi kugirango uzigame lisansi hamwe numutungo wibimera byimisozi. Bitandukanye n'ibihugu by'iburengerazuba, ubufasha nk'ubwo ku bukungu bw'ingufu mu gihugu ntikirakira.

Umuyaga uherereye kure ya 30-40m kuva mu nyubako zo guturamo kugirango umucyo uhungabanya umuvuduko wumuyaga uzunguruka ntubangamira abatuye iyo nzu. Uburebure, rero, ikiguzi cyumukumari giterwa no kuba hari inzitizi (ibiti, inyubako nibindi bintu) hafi yabyo. Kubikorwa byiza cyane byo kwishyiriraho, byasabwe kubaka mast yuburebure nkubwo kuburyo butera umuyaga-bikora byibuze 3-4m iri hejuru yinzitizi ziri munsi ya 200m. Umwijima ubwawo ugomba gukosorwa ku rufatiro rworoshye ku rujijo kiva mu mugozi w'icyuma (kubwiyi ntego, 5-6 gushimangirwa inkingi za beto hamwe na diameter ya 5m). Amashanyarazi yigice kuva ahagaragara generator yatanzwe hakurikijwe insinga ebyiri z'umuringa hamwe n'akarere kagira uruhare mu 6-8m2, washyizwe mu muyoboro wo munsi y'ubutaka.

Turbine yumuyaga cyangwa arenga?

Getty / Fotobank amashanyarazi yakozwe na generator akoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye kugaburira atumva ubwiza bw'ibikoresho (incagencecent na kibuhiro), ndetse no ku murambo. Ibindi bikoresho, nka mudasobwa nakiramira radio, birashobora kuba imburagihe nkibisubizo byintwari zitunguranye zagaciro na voltage. Huza umuyaga mu buryo butaziguye umutwaro uremewe, niba amashanyarazi yinyubako zubukungu, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byacyo mugihe cyo kwibasira umutekano no guhumurizwa nabantu.

Guhagarika hamwe no gutanga ingufu mu mpanuka zigezweho. Ku buryo bwo gutanga ingufu mu nzu y'igihugu mu gihe cyo kwinginga cyangwa umuyaga ufite intege nke, birakenewe kugirango gahunda yo gutanga amashanyarazi adasanzwe. Bizemerera kubika ingufu zaciwe mugihe cyumuyaga ukaze, kazoza no gutanga inzu yingufu mubibazo byintare ndende. Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bidafite ishingiro nibyiza biherereye mu kazu - mu rusaku ruto rwakingiwe icyumba kidasanzwe gifite ubushuhe bukabije, uburebure bwa 70% ndetse nibura kungurana ikirere gatatu. Iki cyumba gishyirwa hafi yumuyaga.

Uruganda ruhurira rugufasha kubika amashanyarazi ejo hazaza h'imikorere idahwitse, mbere ya byose, urutonde rwa bateri. Niba 1kw ingufu zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa mububasha bwimbaraga, aside ine cyangwa iyambere cyangwa alkaline itangira bateri (190ah buriwese) azasabwa. Niba kwishyiriraho byakoreshejwe hamwe nubushobozi bwa 5kw, umubare wa bateri igomba kugerwaho14. Kwishyuza bateri, amashanyarazi azakenera gukosora voltage yinjira no kurinda bateri zo kwishyurwa. Akazu ka cottage kagomba kwongererwa binyuze mubikoresho bidasanzwe. Ihindura ikibanza gihoraho na bateri muri "ubuziranenge-buhebuje" ubundi buryo bwa 220v / 50hz, bikwiranye nibikoresho byo murugo. Imbaraga zashyizwe ahagaragara zabagenzi zikoreshwa mu kazu ni 0.5-5KW, ntarengwa ni inshuro 2. Ibisabwa, pompe, amashanyarazi mugihe cyo gutangiza ububasha, inshuro 2-5 hejuru yizina. Imbaraga zo gutangiza ibikoresho mugihe kimwe cyo gutangiza ntagomba kurenza imbaraga ntarengwa za inverter.

5,5KW Bengeneerator mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'isaku ishingiye kuri Honda Moteri Ikindi gikoresho cyifuzwa gushira mu kazu k'imirire idahwitse ni mazutu cyangwa imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Hatariho igikoresho nk'iki, ntabwo ari ngombwa niba impuzandengo y'umuyaga ngarukamwaka mu karere itarenga 4-6m / s (urugero, mu nkengero). Muri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya Cottage, isene izakora nkisoko yubuyobozi mugihe cyimisatsi miremire. Mubyukuri, niba iminsi mike ikurikiranye, umuyaga uhuha cyane, uruganda rwimbaraga z'umuyaga ntirushobora gutanga voltage yatanzwe. Hagati aho, amashanyarazi azarimburwa muburyo busanzwe; Bitinde bitebuke, sitasiyo ya bateri izashyirwaho isuku kandi itanga amashanyarazi azahagarara. Muri iki gihe, generator izakenera kuba intoki (niba udatanga autorun) gushyiramo amasaha make kumunsi kugirango wishyure bateri. Rero, gahunda yizewe kandi yubukungu yububasha budahagarikwa ryumukono uzaremwa.

Hitamo

Hano haribintu byinshi muburyo bwa kopi yinararibonye. Nk'itegeko, turbine yumuyaga itanga bureaus igishushanyo mbonera hamwe ninganda zishaje. Ikigereranyo kandi cyumushinga igice cyiterambere gihuye na busanzwe na siyansi na tekiniki. Kubura umwe, ariko bifite akamaro cyane: Abashinzwe iterambere ntibashishikajwe n'umusaruro muto, bityo ntibishoboka kugura ibyo bishyiraho, usibye gutanga inguzanyo ku mazu 50-100. Nibyo, hanyuma urebe tekinike ishaka inyungu zumwuga "kumaso" ntabwo yoroshye. Kubwibyo, ishoramari muri iyo mishinga ni rishobora guteza akaga cyane.

Igikoresho cyo kwishyuza bateries (a). Inverter ihindura voltage ihoraho mumigambi imwe ya mugitondo 220v / 50hz kumashanyarazi yo murugo (b) ubundi bwoko bwimodoka igurishwa ku isoko ryingufu zumuyaga. Ibigo byakoze ibikoresho nk'ibyo byabayeho mu gutera inkunga binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye za leta za leta, kandi ntiwumve, ntiyigeze barokoka kwimurwa mu bukungu bw'isoko. Umusaruro wasabwe wahagaritswe, ibibatsi bishaje biragurishwa. Ndashimira gupakira neza no kubungabunga, aba turbine b'umuyaga bagurutse amahoro kugeza na nubu kandi barashobora gukoreshwa neza intego zabo. Gusa ubungano bwabo busigaye kubibazo.

Nta mwanya wibigo bimwe na bimwe bikora buri gihe gukora umusaruro umwe cyangwa nto-yumurenge wibimera. Kugira ngo ushake byumvikana kubakora nkaya, ariko, bafite ireme ryibikoresho byabo nakazi kabo, ni byiza kumenyera ubwiza. Kugirango ukore ibi, nibyiza kuvugana ningabo yakandari zitangwa nabakozi bashyizweho nibikoresho. Mubikorwa by'Uburusiya by'ibimera by'ingufu z'umuyaga birashobora guhamagarwa, nk'urugero "umuyaga w'ingufu", "Vanduga". "GMOTROSTNA" RIPAGUGA " ". Mu mahanga J.hngsnan (Espagne), Rutland, Marlec (Ubwongereza), Beney, Umuyaga wo mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, byagaragaye (usa) n'abandi benshi.

Abanditsi barashimira isosiyete "umuyaga wingufu wa Sapsan" kugirango bafashe mugutegura ingingo nibikoresho byamafoto byatanzwe.