Izipho eOL.

Amandla omoya atyalwa kwindlu yelizwe: Iintlobo ngeemodeli, imigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenza, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ongaphazanyiswanga, abavelisi.

Cinezela Cinezela /

Iindaba zaseMpuma.

Kwimeko yokungalali kwexesha elide, endaweni yamandla omoya, i-generator kwi-petroli okanye ipetroli isebenza kwii-cottages

I-bowwall ijikeleza ishafti yemveliso yombane evelisa umbane

Oku kujongeka ngathi yi-ternator yale mihla ye-Qholileyo

Umvelisi womoya ufakelwe kwindawo ethe nkqo kwaye ulungisiwe (amanqanaba okuphanga bona ubone ngezantsi)

Ukufakwa kwe-Pemerator yomoya "i-sapsan-1". Kwindawo ekhethwe kukufakelwa kwe-verator yomoya, ithunyelwa ngokungqinelana neskimu sokufakelwa kweekholamu ezintlanu zekhonkrithi. Iziko lokuqinisa isiseko se-MAST (A), emacaleni - iikholamu ezine zeMarks ezibolayo (B)

Inkxaso yesithandathu ihlala iyimfuneko - yokukhupha i-winch, apho umvelisi womoya onyukayo aphakanyiselwa kwindawo yokusebenza (ethe tye). I-camomona iqalwa kuphela xa ikhonkrithi yenziwe kuyo iikholamu, zizuze amandla. Ekuqaleni, isiseko se-SAST (C) silungisiwe, icandelo lokuqala (d) lifakwe kuyo, ikhutshelwe kwaye iqhotyoshelwe kude kube iqokelelwe (e)

I-verteta ye-vertem ye-verpried itsaliwe yi-Windbapathi. Indibano yale ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu yomvelisi womoya iqhutywa entsimini, inkqubo iqulathe imisebenzi emininzi enoxanduva kwaye ihlala i-1-2-- (e, g)

I-Kmactte kunye ne-Science Science zidityaniswe ngamanqaku ahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngentambo yentsimbi. Baxhasa i-upost yomjelo womoya kwindawo ethe nkqo (s)

I-Supe Sport iqhutywa yi-winch eqhotyoshelwe kweli tyala hayi kwinkxaso yesithandathu, kodwa kwisakhelo semoto ye-courgo (s)

Kule meko, "umncedisi" osetyenziswayo, ehambisa amandla aphakamayo avela kwi-winch ukuya kwi-angle ephambili (k)

Uyilwe kakuhle kwaye yakhiwe ngokwakha iFama yeFama Dostands inomthombo wamandla weNkanyamba

Oku kujongeka ngathi ngumvelisi womoya wanamhlanje onee-ondows ezinamandla

Inqaku elahlukileyo lale modeli: I-moyadywell ibangelwa kukuvela komoya ngenxa yobukho bolwakhiwo lwesikhokelo esikhethekileyo somsila

Izixhobo ezizodwa zokuGcina iiManzi zolulekileyo ezixhasa uMvelisi woMoya

Amandla omoya atyalela iNdlu yeLizwe ayibonisanga nje kuphela komnqweno wokuzimela, kodwa akanamdla kwendlela abantwana bakhe baphefumla ngayo. Kodwa kwiimeko zonke, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo zinesizathu sembono yezoqoqosho? Masizame ukufumanisa.

Umoya, uyagorha?

Iminyaka / iiNdawo zeMpuma

Ukuphakama kwe-wimilmill yanamhlanje-umoya we-Willmill, indalo ayizange iqokelele yonke imimoya esentsimini, njengoko yenzayo kwirhasi yendalo, ioyile kunye namalahle, injengeentsika. Amandla omoya anamandla okwenyani (abahlali bomhlaba banokubakho malunga ne-53000 kWh, enamaxesha ama-4 ngaphezulu kweplanethi yamandla e-PREEN) yeplanethi ekhoyo yeplanethi ekhoyo. Isantya esifanayo kunye nolwalathiso lomoya rhoqo kwilize kwi-folklore kunye noncwadi lwe-classical, lifuzisela ukunyanzelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uvavanye ukuba ngaba izibonelelo zokusebenzisa olo qhotyoshelo ziya kunokwenzeka. Ukwenza oku, kubalulekile ukuba sifunde amandla omoya omhlaba, ngakumbi uphawu oluphambili lwesantya sonyaka sonyaka (umndilili ophakathi kunye nexabiso eliphakathi le-velocis yomoya elibonisiweyo apha enyakeni). Oku kunokwenziwa embindini we-hydrometeorology kunye nokubeka iliso kwindalo esingqongileyo okanye nakwindawo yokufota ekufuphi (ukuba inenkonzo yayo yengqondo).

Iminyaka / iiNdawo zeMpuma

Eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokufaka i-generator yomoya yindawo ecocekileyo yendawo ecocekileyo okanye i-steppe kwi-velocity ephantsi yomoya (ngaphakathi kwe-3 ukuya kwi-3 ukuya kwezi-3M / s) ekhutshiwe kusetyenziswa amandla omoya, inyuka iye kumthengi kwipeni. Umzekelo, kwingingqi ye-MOSCOW, apho isantya sonyaka sonyaka simalunga ne-4m / s (3.7-4.2 m / s), i-10 kwh / inyanga ye-1Kh / yanele ukulawula amandla amaninzi- Ukugcina izibane, umabonwakude, ifriji kunye nokujikeleza impompo, jonga itafile.). Kunyaka, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo kuya kuba yi-1440 i-billack, kunye nobomi benkonzo, oko kukuthi, malunga neminyaka engama-20 (izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka zisebenze kakhulu), -00 isidlo. Ixabiso lofakelo lofakelo lomoya kwi-pumetality yofakelo lomoya kwimo eqinisekisa ukuba ubonelelo lwamandla oluqinisekisiweyo lwe-cottage, siya kuthatha i-7000 yeedola ($ 3000-10000). Kwangelo xesha, iindleko ze-1 kWh ziya kulingana malunga ne-0.24, okanye ngenqanaba phakathi kuJanuwari 2006. - malunga ne-6.93 ruble. I-1 kWh. Isalathiso: Umbane othengwe ngabantu babucala, kwingingqi yeMoscow ixabisa i-ruble eyi-1,60 ruble. Kwi-1 kWh, kwaye xa uqhagamshela umthengisi wenkampani wabucala, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3.5 ruble. I-1 kWh.

I-Archirects i.yansne, k.avostins

Ifoto M.SSEpanov ukusuka apha ngasentla, kulula ukugqiba: Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya kwingingqi yeMoscow kungumntu onombane ethunyelweyo endlwini, kwaye iindleko zamandla afunyenwe ngolunye imithombo yezenzekelayo, Njengomvelisi wedizili, udlula i-ruble e-7. Kwiikhotile esele ziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi, zibeka umoya ovuthuzayo wokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo ezingenamsebenzi, ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kwamandla. I-Aesli Willli Willy kwi-Cottage ayikanikezeli, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuyivumela? Apha kuyanengqondo ukucinga kwaye yonke into ibaliwe, inikwe iindleko zokudibanisa kwinethiwekhi (ezaziindawo ezahlukeneyo zengingqi ye-MOSCOW ziya kubiza khona

Ukusebenzisa amandla omoya "Egcwele", iMast ye-Windmill kufuneka ibe yi-3-4m ngaphezulu kwayo yonke imiqobo kwi-2000-12 ye-1GW, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuqhagamshela ubuncinci, kunye nesigxina Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane (malunga ne-10% ngonyaka). Mhlawumbi iya kuba yinzuzo enkulu yokuyeka ukuhanjiswa okuphambili kwaye ikhetha iyunithi yamandla e-moya- ngokungathi kukufumaniso okungafunekiyo kombane wenethiwekhi.

Imimandla ye-Wheel yelizwe apho isantya sonyaka esiphezulu sesantya esiphezulu siphezulu kunendawo ye-MOSCOW, ukusetyenziswa kwecandelo lamandla omoya kunokuba luncedo kunokuthenga umbane. Umzekelo, kwiindawo apho isantya somoya siyi-8m / s, kuya kuba senzeka kwisixhobo sekhilowa malunga ne-580KW / inyanga, kwaye umbane uya kwenza kumthengi kwi-1.43 ruble. I-1 kWh. Uninzi luhlala luhamba kancinci kunokuthenga umbane "ecaleni" - kwintengiso, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kumaxabiso kaRhulumente. Umzekelo, eKamchatka, iindleko zombane ezivela kwii-ruble ezi-2. I-1 kWh. Kusilungele, ukuba injini zomoya encumisayo emideni Northern Ocean, Finnish Bay, i-Black and lweCaspian Seas, kwakunye eKamchatka, Sakhalin kunye Chukotka, ku Yakutia. Ezinye iindawo ezininzi ziyathembisa, apho imimoya eqinileyo ihamba (enesantya esiphezulu sonyaka ukuya kwi-10m / s) kunye nolwakhiwo lwenkqubo yokubonelela ngamandla kubandakanya nenkqubo ezimeleyo.

Ngomoya isantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2,5 m / s, akufanelekanga ukusebenzisa amandla omoya utyala njengomthombo wamandla. Kuya kubakho, amandla omoya akasayi kuba sanele na ukuze alwele ukuqhwaba umoya.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunyanzeliswa kwezixhobo zombane zendlu

Umthengi	Amandla aMandla, W	Ixesha lomsebenzi ngosuku, h	Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kWh.
ngosuku	ngenyanga
Ifriji	I-150.	7.	1,1	31.5
Umabonwakude	I-100	6.	0,6	Shumi elinesibhozo
Ukukhanyisa amandla okonga	I-120.	Ntlanu	0,6	Shumi elinesibhozo
Ikhompyuter	I-100	6.	0,6	Shumi elinesibhozo
Impompo yejikelezo	60.	24.	I-1,44.	43,2
Impompo engenabala	1200.	I-0.5.	0,6	Shumi elinesibhozo
Isitovu sombane esiphindwe kabini	2000.	2.	ezine	I-120.
Ifriza	200.	7.	I-1,4.	42.
Iyonke:	I-3930.	-	10.3	308.7

Isiseko senkqubo

I-Inverter ene-25 kw. Isixhobo sinokufakwa zombini ezi nkqo kwaye ngokuthe nkqo ngokuchasene nabavelisi bemizamo yomoya egxile kwiimodeli ze-axial ezithe tyaba ezinokuthi zikwazi ukuguqula amandla ombane. Amandla emisebenzi ethe tyaba-ye-axial yomoya esetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla e-Cotnomomous kwishumi elinanye kwi-kilowatt ukuya kwi-10-15kw. Kukho intengiso kunye neemodeli ezinamandla ezininzi kwiimfundiso eziliqela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqeshwa kwabo kukuvelisa umbane ukondla inethiwekhi yokuhambisa amandla ukwenzela ukusindisa ipetroli kunye nobutyebi bezityalo zamandla omzimba. Ngokwahlukileyo kumazwe asentshona, olo ncedo kulo gqirha lwamandla elizwe awukamkelekile.

Umvelisi womoya ubekwe kumgama we-30-40m ukusuka kwizakhiwo zokuhlala ukuze ukukhanya kwephanyazo lomoya lomoya aluzihluphi abahlali beNdlu. Ukuphakama, kwaye ke, iindleko ze-mast kuxhomekeke kubukho bemiqobo (imithi, izakhiwo nezinye izinto) kufutshane ne. Ngoncedo olusebenzayo loKufano, kucetywa ukwakha imanzi emde-nqanaba ukuze i-ambs yomoya - yenze ubuncinci i-3-4m ngaphezulu kwe-200m. I-TASHY ngokwayo kufuneka ilungiswe kwisiseko kunye nezongezo ezongezelelekileyo ezivela kwintambo yentsimbi ye-GARENT (ukulungiselela le njongo, i-5-6 iqiniswe ikhowudi yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi ene-5mm). Umbane weyunithi kwi-generator yokufaka inikezelwa ngokwe-wire yoshicilelo lwezindlu ezimbini enendawo yecandelo ukuya kwi-6-8mm2, ibekwe kwindawo etywiniweyo.

I-turbine yomoya okanye ngaphezulu?

I-Getty / I-FotoBank yombane oveliswe nguMvelisi isetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ekukhuseleni umgangatho wombane wezixhobo (i-incandescent kwaye ifudumeza. Ezinye izixhobo, ezinjengeekhompyuter kunye nabamkeli berediyo, banokuvela ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yeevalves zexabiso ngequbuliso kunye nefreyimu ye-voltage. Qhagamshela i-Windmill ngokuthe ngqo kumthwalo uvumelekile, ukuba unxibelelwano lombane lwezakhiwo, izixhobo zombane zexesha le-Undocious okanye imimoya ebuthathaka inokubakho ngaphandle kwekhuselo kunye nentuthuzelo yabantu.

Ukuphazamiseka ngokubonelela ngamandla kwingozi yexesha likaxakeka. Ukufumana amandla okuqinisekiswa kwendlu yelizwe ngexesha le-Undover okanye imimoya ebuthathaka, kuyimfuneko ukuba ixhobise inkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamandla okungaphazanyiswa. Iya kuvumela ukugcina amandla ekhutshwe ngexesha lomoya onamandla, ikamva kunye nokubonelela ngendlu yamandla kwimeko yokungahambi kakuhle. Izixhobo zokubonelela ngamandla ezingaqhelekanga zilungile ngqo kwi-cottage - kwigumbi elincinci elishushu elinomswakalo omoya, ubuninzi abangama-70% kunye notshintsho lwexesha eli-70 kunye notshintshiselwano lwe-70. Eli gumbi libekwe kufutshane ne-upophu yomoya.

Intsomi ekwanje ivumela ukuba ugcine umbane kwikamva lenkqubo yokubonelela ngamandla engaphazanyiswa, kuyo yonke, iseti yeebhetri. Ukuba i-1KW Plenerator ye-1KW isetyenziswa kufakelo lwamandla omoya, i-acid-i-Acid-Khokelela okanye i-Alkaline Chapries (190ah nganye) iya kufuneka. Ukuba ufakelo lusetyenziswa ngokwamanqanaba malunga ne-5KW, inani leebhetri kufuneka lifezekiswe14. Ukutshaya iibhetri, itshaja kuya kufuneka ilungiselele i-voltage engenayo kunye nokukhuselwa kweebhetri ekusayini. I-Cottage Cottage kufuneka ixhaswe ngeverter ekhethekileyo. Iguqula isigxina i-Butters kwindawo "ekumgangatho ophezulu" 'ukutshintsha i-220v / 50h, i-50hz, ilungele izixhobo zombane zesondlo. Amandla anqabileyo e-Interters asetyenziswe kwii-cottages kuhlala i-0.5-5kw, owona makhulu aphezulu. Iingcingo, iimpompo, i-Motors zombane ngexesha lokuqalisa ngokufutshane ngokutya amandla, amaxesha ama-2-5 aphezulu kunelowo atyunjelwe. Amandla okuqala kwezixhobo ezinjalo ngaxeshanye ukuqalisela akufuneki kugqitywe amandla aphezulu e-Inverter.

I-5,5kW igesi igesi ngoyilo lwengxolo ephantsi ngokusekwe kwi-Honda enye into enqwenelekayo ukuba ibandakanye kwindawo yesondlo engaqhelekanga yenzuzo, ipetroli okanye i-petiloon isebenza nge-geeline okanye i-petroli yombane. Ngaphandle kwesixhobo esinjalo, akuyimfuneko ukuba isantya sonyaka sesantya sonyaka esikwingingqi asidluli kwi-4-6m / s (umzekelo, kwidolophu). Ibandakanyiwe kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngamandla e-Cottage, i-generator iya kusebenza njengomthombo wamandla ogcino ngexesha lokuhamba kweenwele. Ewe, ukuba iintsuku ezimbalwa zilandelana, umoya uvuthuza, amandla omoya angakwazi ukunika i-voltage engaphakathi. Ngeli xesha, umbane uya kutyiwa kwimo yesiqhelo; Kungekudala, iSikhululo sebhetri siya kupheliswa kwaye ukuhambisa amandla kuya kuyeka. Kule meko, umvelisi uya kufuneka abekho ngesandla (ukuba awuboneleli nge-autornun) ukubandakanya iiyure ezimbalwa ngosuku ukuphinda ubuyise iibhetri. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo enokuthenjwa nengaphezulu yoqoqosho yokunikezelwa kwamandla kwi-cottage kuya kwenziwa.

Khetha

Zininzi iimodeli ngendlela yekopi enamava. Njengomthetho, iitayile zomoya ezinjalo zibonelela nge-bureaus yoyilo oluncinci ngeefektri zobunjineli. Inxalenye eqikelelweyo kunye neprojekthi yezi zinto zihambelana nayo yonke imiphetho yezenzululwazi nezobuchwephesha. Ukunqongophala kwenye, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu: Abaphuhlisi abanomdla kwimveliso encinci, ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukuba uthenge ufakelo, ngaphandle kokufakwa kwamandla kwilali yezindlu ezingama-50-100. Ewe, kwaye ujonge indlela ecetywayo yezibonelelo zobungcali "yamehlo" ayilulanga. Ke ngoko, utyalomali kwiiprojekthi ezinjalo luyingozi kakhulu.

Isixhobo seebhetri (a). I-inverter eguqula i-voltage yebhetri engaqhelekanga ye-220v / 50hz yesondlo sesondlo sekhaya (b) Olunye uhlobo lwemoto ethengisiweyo kwintengiso yezityalo zomoya, ezaziveliswa ngamandla eSoviet. Amashishini avelise izixhobo ezinjalo, ngenxa yezimali kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zikarhulumente, umzekelo, ukuxhasa abantu abancinci baseNyakatho, kwaye, kunjalo, abazange basinda kwinguqu kuqoqosho lweentengiso. Ukuveliswa okucetyiswayo kuye, iitokhwe ezindala ziyathengiswa. Enkosi ngokupakisha okuhle kunye nokulondolozwa, ezi turbines zomoya zibhabha ngokukhuselekileyo kude kube namhlanje kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa injongo yazo. Kuphela kukuzivalela kwabo kungaphantsi kombuzo.

Akukho xesha leefemu ezithile ezisebenza rhoqo okanye zecandelo elincinci lezityalo zamandla zomoya. Ukufuna ukuthobela abo bavelisi, nangona kunjalo, ngomgangatho wezixhobo zabo kunye nomsebenzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba baziqhelanise nomgangatho. Ukwenza oku, kungcono ukunxibelelana ne-quests ye-cottages ebonelelwe yidatha efakiweyo zizixhobo. Phakathi kwabavelisi baseRussia kwizityalo zamandla zomoya kunokubizwa, umzekelo, inkampani "umoya wamandla e-SAPEAn", "i-lektrosfer yomoya", "GNKB" radaguga " ". Phakathi kweendlela zangaphandle zikaJ.bornay (Spain), iRuteland, uMarlec (e-United Kingdom), iBorgen (e-United King, e-USA) kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Abahleli bebulela inkampani "umoya wamandla we-sapsan" ukuze ufumane uncedo kwinqaku kunye nezixhobo ezinikezelweyo.