Gukomeza ibitekerezo kumazu yimiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Bizaba hafi yimbere yo guturamo yatanzwe mumasezerano yo gutanga imibereho.
Imbere yawe, komeza ibitekerezo kumazu yimiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Ibitabo byuyu munsi bifitanye isano nigice cya III (ingingo ya 49-91) yiyi Mategeko ya federasiyo, nini kandi ikomeye. Yitwa "imbere yo gutura, yatanzwe mu masezerano yo gukodesha."
Amategeko mashya yo guturamo ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya (LCD), yatangiye gukurikizwa kuva mu 1Mart 2005, yamaze kwitangira ingingo ebyiri zasohotse mubyumba byacu. Ibuka ibyaganiriweho.
Ibikoresho byambere (ingingo "bizabaho muburyo bushya") twaganiriye kumyanya nyamukuru, ni ukuvuga, byateguwe neza ibikubiye mu gice kandi igice igice. Abenegihugu b'Uburusiya bafite ubwisanzure bwo guhitamo ibibanza byo gutura ahantu hose mu gihugu, n'ubuyobozi bwa Leta n'inzego z'ibanze bigomba kugira uruhare mu gukoresha uburenganzira bwabo bwo gukoresha amazu. Abaturage bose barangana, bityo rero kurenga ku mategeko yo gukoresha mu miturire umwe muri bo ku byangiza abandi, babangamira ibibazo binini, kugeza mu rubanza no kwirukana ihohoterwa. Ibibanza byo gutura birashobora guhindurwa muri iki gihe bidasubirwaho naho ubundi munsi yo kubahiriza imihango myinshi hamwe nubuziranenge bwubaka. Uburyo bwo gutanga uruhushya rwo kuvugurura no (cyangwa) gucuha imiturire byoroshe: inyandiko zirasabwa kugwiza imyaka itandatu, kandi akenshi inenge. (Ukoresheje inzira, 280Aprel 2005, nyuma y'amezi hafi ya miliyoni ebyiri nyuma yo kujya mu mbaraga za LCD nshya, hashyizweho icyemezo cy'ukwezi kwa LCD nshya. Kwemeza urupapuro rusaba rwo kuvugurura no (cyangwa) gucungura Ibibanza byo guturamo n'uburyo bw'inyandiko byemeza icyemezo cyo guhuza ibikurungura no (cyangwa) gucungura ibibanza byo gutura. "Rero," indangamuntu "y'inzego z'ibanze mu turere dutandukanye. Kuva ubu, Uburyo bwo gutanga uruhushya rwo kuvugurura / gucumura ni kimwe kuri bose, harimo n'abaturage ba Moscou na St. Petersburg.)
Nyir'ubwite, ugereranije n'umukoresha, afite gahunda y'ubukungu bunyuranye n'amazu, ariko kandi uruziga rw'inshingano ze ni umucukuzi. Abahanga bagira inama abaturage kwikorera inzu kubuntu niba bataragera.
Mu gitabo cya kabiri (ingingo "Baho muri New-2") yakomeje kuvuga ku burenganzira bwo gutunga no kuburenganzira bwo gucumbika, ni ikihe gice str. Dukurikije ingingo (Art.) 31 ya code, mugihe habaye ubutane abashakanye, uburenganzira bwo gukoresha aho atuye uwahoze ari umugabo cyangwa umugore wa nyirayo ntabwo yakijijwe. Ariko gusezerana no "kwandika", ni ukuvuga gukuraho inyandiko yo kwiyandikisha yuwahoze mwashakanye cyangwa uwo mwashakanye, nyir'inzu / inzu ntabwo yishingikirije. Ibi bisaba icyemezo gikwiye cyurukiko.
Ingingo y'abati: "Ibibanza byo gutura birashobora gufatwa na nyirubwite kubera kwikuramo igihugu gishinzwe guturamo ntabwo byemewe ukundi. ya nyirubwite. " Ni ukuvuga, ubu leta cyangwa abayobozi b'inzego bazahuzwa na ba nyir'amagorofa abikorera ku giti cyabo hamwe na ba nyir'ibikoresho byacunguwe, kandi ntibatanga imwe cyangwa indi nzu gusa. LCD nshya yemeje ko ba nyir'ikibanza mu nyubako y'amagorofa ari iburyo bw'inzu rusange y'ibintu, atari ibice by'amazu kandi bigamije kubamo amazu, kandi bigamije kubamo amazu muri iyi nzu, atari ibice by'amazu kandi bigamije kubamo amazu muri iyi nzu, atari ibice by'amazu kandi bigamije kubamo amazu muri iyi nzu, atari ibice by'amazu kandi bigamije kubamo amazu muri iyi nzu, atari ibice by'amazu kandi bigamije kubamo amazu, inyamanswa, Corridors, Corridors, Atics, abaseli ni.d. Umubare wa nyir'ikibanza ubereye umutungo rusange mumitungo rusange mu nyubako yinzu ninganiye ahantu hose h'imigorofa ye. Icyifuzo hamwe nimigabane yacyo bashinzwe ibibanza bitwara umutwaro wibiciro byo gufata neza umutungo no gutora mu nama rusange ya ba nyirayo, arirwo rugingo rwubutegetsi.
Ninde uha amazu?
LCD rwose kuri iki kibazo: abaturage bakennye (ingingo ya 49). Ikora, "bitangwa n'itegeko rya Leta cyangwa amategeko y'ibyiciro by'ingufu z'amafaranga y'abaturage", niba byemewe n'amategeko nkuko bikenewe mu nzu. Itangwa hakurikijwe amasezerano yo gutanga imibereho, kandi ntizashobora kumutegurira vuba bishoboka.Ntawandi bantu bafatwa nkabantu bafite bike gusa. LCD ishyiraho ibipimo bigoye cyane: "Abakene ... ni abaturage niba bamenyekanye nk'ubuyobozi bw'ibanze mu buryo buteganijwe n'amategeko y'ishyirahamwe ry'Uburusiya, bitaweho amafaranga yinjiza kuri buri muryango umunyamuryango, hamwe n'agaciro k'abanyamuryango n'abagize umuryango n'imisoro ". Nkibi. Niba wowe, hamwe numugore wawe / umugabo wawe, winjize amafaranga ibihumbi bike gusa, ariko icyarimwe ufite imodoka ninzu mumudugudu, rwose ntuzamenyekana nabakene kandi ntuzaba mumurongo wamazu. Twabibutsa ko muri buri karere hazabaho gahunda yayo yinjiza hakurikijwe urwego rwimishahara rwateye imbere.
Kuri "Abandi", hamwe n'abakene, bafite uburenganzira bwo ku buntu amazu y'imibereho harimo abantu bamugaye, abitabiriye intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, abahoze mu baturage bo mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ibitabo by'Uburusiya birashobora gutandukana ). Uburyo bushoboka bwo gutanga amazu, byasobanuwe muburyo burambuye muri LCD, bishya kandi byizewe kubatuye igihugu cyacu, harimo neza. Noneho ntakintu cyubusa kizongera kubaho, kandi ni ngombwa, amaherezo, kugirango wumve. Abenshi bagomba kubona amafaranga mu mufuka no kugura amazu (kandi leta izabafasha amategeko, amabwiriza ndetse rimwe na rimwe hamwe ninkunga nyayo). Amen bake, mubyukuri, mubyukuri bazahabwa amazu, ariko kubwibi bikenewe kwiyandikisha no kurengera imyaka myinshi.
Ibipimo byabanyeshuri
Muri LCD nshya (ingingo ya 50), igipimo cyo gutanga no kubara ibisanzwe by'akarere k'imbere yo gutura. Iya mbere muribo nubunini ntarengwa bwibibanza byose byimbere bitangwa mumasezerano yo gutanga akazi (muri Moscow-18m2 kumuntu). Iyi shusho yashyizweho nimiyoborere yaho kandi biterwa nurwego rwimiturire mukarere nibindi bintu. Iya kabiri, ibaruramari ni "ingano ntarengwa y'akarere k'ibibanza byo guturamo, bishingiye ku rwego rw'umutekano w'abaturage ... kugira ngo uzirikane nk'ibintu byo gutura." Muyandi magambo, ukurikije uburyo yashyize kumurongo kumiturire. Ingano yibi bipimo, ntabwo irenze ingano yigipimo, cyashyizweho nubuyobozi bwibanze (i Moscou - 10m2 kumuntu kubwuzu bwihariye na 15m2 kuri hoteri yubushobozi hamwe na hoteri-ubwoko).
Igishimishije, muri verisiyo yambere ya LC, yatsinze gusoma bwa mbere muri leta ya Duma, ubunini bwa "byibuze", byibuze 15m2 kumuntu. Avi edition ya nyuma yumubare wa codex kubwimpamvu runaka yazimiye. Iteper byose bikemura abayobozi baho mubushishozi bwabo ...
Ninde ukeneye amazu?
Iki kibazo cyaganiriweho mubuhanzi. 51 LCD. Dukeneye Amazu (Mu masezerano y'imibereho), abo baturage ndetse n'abagize imiryango yabo bamenyekana, badafite amazu na bose (urugero, abantu bakiriye ubwenegihugu bwa Federasiyo y'Uburusiya) ifite amacumbi hamwe n'ahantu hose Ibipimo ngenderwaho bidake kumuntu uba munzu ya dysftement, icyumba cyangwa inzu ituye mu gice rusange, niba umwe mu bagize umuryango arwaye cyane kuburyo bidashoboka kuri we. (Urutonde rwindwara zikubiye mu teka rya guverinoma ya Federasiyo y'Uburusiya No 817 yo ku ya 21 Ukuboza 2004)Ubuhanzi. 52-56 asobanura mu buryo burambuye uburyo bwo kwemeza abaturage kugira ngo babaze nk'uko bikeneye amazu, impamvu zo kwanga mu kwiyandikisha n'imanza zo kuvana igihe cyo kubara. Muri bo harashimishije cyane. 53, aho ibi bikurikira byavuzwe. Niba umuntu utarigeze agizwe no kwizirika mu mazu, (!) Gukora nkana (urugero, yahinduye inzu nini, yahungiye mu mugore w'umugore we, yinjije bene wabo .P.) Kandi muriyo, yageze ku ntego ye, kuva ku nyandiko yakuweho kandi irashobora kongera gushyirwa kumurongo utarenze umunsi wa Komisiyo y'iki gikorwa.
Nigute icumbi ritanga?
Amacumbi ahabwa abenegihugu bugizwe no kwiyandikisha, "hashingiwe ku byihutirwa hashingiwe ku kwizirikana" (Art. 57). Avna tellules, yashenywe amazu kandi ntabwo yakorerwaga gusana cyangwa kwiyubaka, imfubyi, abana bagenda nta kurera abana, ndetse bimaze kuvugwa haruguru abenegihugu barwaye cyane. Turimo kuvuga kubyerekeye gutanga amazu.
Icyemezo cyo gutanga ibibanza byo gutura mu masezerano yo gutanga imibereho yemejwe n'umuryango w'inzego z'ibanze ni ishingiro ryo kurangiza amasezerano yo gutanga akazi. (Mbere, impamvu nk'iyi yari umwanda, ubu iki gitekerezo cyarazimiye na gato.) Ibibanza bigomba guhabwa abaturage aho batuye, hagomba gutura gutura, ahantu hose hateganijwe igipimo kimwe.
Mu ngingo zisobanura inzira yo gutanga amazu ari ingenzi cyane ku ngingo ya 59- ku byumba byo kubohorwa mu nzu y'abaturage. Irasobanura gahunda yo kwerekana ibisabwa mucyumba cyo kubohoza (ibyumba) n'ababaturage ba komini. Aka gace gatangwa cyane cyane kubasanzwe bamenyekana cyangwa bakamenyekana ko ari abakene kandi bakeneye amazu. Niba nta bantu nkabo muriyi nkuru, icyumba cyo kubohorwa, kirashobora kugurishwa kubapangayi, bitangwa hamwe nigice cyumuryango kitari urugero. Cyangwa mugihe, mugihe icyumba cyasohoye, ntanumwe mubaturage bashyizwe ku rutonde, butangwa mu masezerano yo guhimbaza abantu kubandi bantu bataba muri yo. Muyandi magambo, iyi ngingo (hamwe nizindi ngingo za LCD) zituma bishoboka kugura ibyumba mumazuko ntabwo ari abantu bakennye cyane kandi bifasha kugabanya umubare wa komini mugihugu cyacu.
Ku byiza n'ibibi byo gutanga imibereho
Umwanzuro w'amasezerano ntabwo utanga uburenganzira, n'abakoresha, bitandukanye na ba nyirugomo, ntugatanga umusoro ku bijyanye no kubungabunga no gusana umutungo usanzwe mu nyubako y'inyubako, aho habaye utuye ibibanza. Ariko kurundi ruhande, abakoresha ntibashobora guta amazu bigaruriwe: ntibashobora kugurisha, guhamagara, gutanga cyangwa gutanga. Ntidukwiye kwibagirwa ko mugihe habaye urupfu rwimishingiro ye yonyine cyangwa icyumba kinyura muri leta.
Kimwe mu bihe by'ingenzi byamasezerano yo gutanga imibereho ni uko bidashoboka gufatwa kuri iyi nyubako yo gutura no kugarura mu rukiko no kugarura imyenda ku masezerano y'inguzanyo, amasezerano y'inguzanyo n'izindi nshingano.
Rero, mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, Leta (mu muntu w'ubutegetsi bw'ibanze) yiyemeje gukoresha umutwaro w'amasezerano akoreshwa mu masezerano ashingiye ku itegeko nshinga rya federasiyo y'Uburusiya na The Amazu y'imiturire ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya. "
Moderator-Umukoresha
Nk'uko amakuru yemewe, ubu umubare wa nyiri amazu muri Moscou ufitanye isano numubare wamazu yinzu yagereranijwe na 70h30. Hashobora kubaho ishusho itandukanye yuturere twijimye, ariko uko byagenda kose, ntabwo abaturage bose barashaka kandi bagomba kuba ba nyirubwigo. Igice cya 8 LCD cyitwa "Gutanga imibereho yimbere yo gutura" (Ingingo ya 60-91) Irasobanura ibisobanuro byose byumubano hagati yabapangabusitu (abakoresha) na leta (guhana).Nk'uko byumvikane rero bwo gutanga akazi, uruhande rumwe rw'inzu yo guturamo leta cyangwa ikigega cy'imiturire cyangwa umuntu wabimwemereye (kwihisha) "Umukoresha) wa ibibanza byo guturamo no gukoresha kubera kuba muri yo. " Aya masezerano nta kamenyerewe (ingingo ya 60), bitandukanye namasezerano yubucuruzi, ahora mugihe runaka. Iyo ngingo imwe ivuga irindi hame ry'ingenzi ryemeza uburenganzira bw'abaturage mu mazu: Nubwo hantu hatera urugingo rufite umuntu uburenganzira bwo kwakira amazu mu masezerano y'imibereho atazahagarikwa. (Gutanga amasezerano bisanzwe byemewe nicyemezo cya guverinoma yuburusiya No 1.5 ya 21.05.2005)
Ninde uteye amawubateri, uko tubyibushye cyane mubuzima bwumukoresha? Uyu ni umwe mu nzego nyobozi, imijyi cyangwa umusirikare (mu murwa mukuru w'ishami ry'imiturire n'ikigega cy'ibidukikije by'umujyi wa Moscow). Birashimishije kubona amasezerano yo guha akazi abaturage batuye, imitiba izwi cyane yashoje, abaturage bashya babikesheje.
Uburenganzira n'inshingano Moderator
Umukononga arategekwa (!) Guha umukoresha aho atuye, ntawundi ufite uburenganzira bwo kuvuga; kugira uruhare mu kubungabunga no gusana umutungo usanzwe mu nyubako y'amagorofa, aho iyi nzu cyangwa icyumba iherereye; Kora ubushyuhe bw'imiturire; Tanga ibikorwa kandi usohoze izindi nshingano hakurikijwe amategeko yimiturire n'amasezerano yakazi. Mu kugaruka, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze bafite uburenganzira (!) Gusaba umuntu gukora amafaranga yo gukora igihe ku miturire n'ibikorwa (ingingo ya 65).
Niba leta idasohoje inshingano zayo (urugero, ntabwo ikora ikanzu cyangwa, vuga, ntabwo ihindura imiyoboro yangiritse mu nzu), ufite uburenganzira bwo gusaba kugabanya amafaranga y'amazu, gusubizwa amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kurandura Izi makosa cyangwa indishyi z'ibyangiritse byavutse bitewe no kudasohozwa cyangwa imikorere idakwiye yo kwihisha inshingano zabo (ingingo ya 66). Nkibi. Reka twizere ko tubikesha iyi ngingo, serivisi zacu z'icyubahiro hamwe n'imiryango yacu ishobora gutekereza cyane ko igihe cyo gusana ubwinjiriro, amacumbi mu nyubako no kumenagura mu nzu y'abakoresha.
Isosiyete ishinzwe amasezerano mbonezamubano ni imwe mu nzego z'ubuyobozi (mu murwa mukuru wa Politiki y'imiturire hamwe n'ikigega cy'imiturire cy'umujyi wa Moscou). Hano niho ukeneye gukoresha umukoresha kugirango uburenganzira bwo gutanga amazu muri uthore cyangwa gucengeza munzu ya nyirakuru cyangwa mwishywa wawe.
Uburenganzira bw'umukoresha
Hakurikijwe LCD (Ingingo 67), umukoresha afite uburenganzira bwo "gufata inyubako guturamo abantu n'ibindi", guca iyo mu zishaje, kwemerera Icyatumye arara mu bahinzi gito, ngo acungure cyangwa gusimbura imiturire, "gusaba a Kurenga ku gihe, uruhare rukwiye mu bikubiyemo mu mutungo rusange mu nyubako y'amagorofa, ndetse no gutanga ibikorwa. "Kwiyongera. "Kwiyandikisha" abana bawe, ababyeyi n'abashakanye, wowe nkuko umukoresha agomba kwemeranya gusa no kwandika kubandi bagize umuryango wawe, harimo adahari by'agateganyo (ingingo ya 70). Achetoba ahora asenya abandi baturage (utari umugabo wawe / umugore wawe, umuhungu wawe, se / nyina) "nkamwe mubana" hamwe no kubyemera uburenganzira bwabakiriye. Aon, nayo ifite uburenganzira bwo guhagarika ishyirwaho rya bene wabo ba hafi, niba nkigisubizo aho ihuriweho zituruka zizaba munsi yibaruramari. Kubyabaye kubana, abana babo bato, uruhushya rwa Nich rusanzwe rusabwa. Gutura mu nzu / inzu, umuryango w'abakoresha ufite uburenganzira n'inshingano bingana na We (ingingo.69). Icyarimwe hindura amasezerano yo gutanga akazi: Umwe mu bagize umuryango mushya agomba kwishyura amazu n'ibikorwa.
Gutanga imyitozo. Ukunda umukoresha hamwe nukwemera ikibuno (!) Kandi kubana nawe mubagize umuryango wawe bafite uburenganzira bwo kwimurira mu gice cyo guturamo, kandi mugihe cyo kugenda by'agateganyo, amazu yose. Ibi birashoboka, byatanzwe ko agace kose k'umuntu mu nzu itandukanye ntibizabibazwa, no mu gipimo gito cyo gutanga (ingingo ya 76). Ingano y'amafaranga yo gutanga, igihe ntarengwa cyo kumenyekanisha nibindi bimerere ugomba no kwishyiriraho kandi ukamenya neza ko werekane mumasezerano.
Abapangayi b'igihe gito barashobora kwakirwa munzu yabo atarenze amezi atandatu yikurikiranya (Ingingo ya 80). Kugira ngo ukore ibi, ugomba kandi kubyemera kubagize umuryango wawe, mbere bamenyesheje abayobozi baho. Bafite uburenganzira bwo guhagarika amacumbi, niba, na none, nta miti izongera kubaho ahantu hose kumuntu.
Guhana. Niba uri umukoresha, hanyuma ubyemereye kubashakisha (!) Kandi abagize umuryango babana nawe barashobora guhana amazu yo gutanga imibereho, nabo batangwa mumasezerano yo gutanga imibereho, ni ukuvuga, ntushobora guhinduka ubungubu ). Abagize umuryango wawe bafite uburenganzira bwo kugusaba kungurana ibitekerezo kubandi, biherereye mumazu atandukanye cyangwa abuzu hamwe nabandi bakoresha (ingingo ya 72). Niba wowe hamwe nabagize umuryango babana nawe badashobora kumvikana mumahoro ku kungurana ibitekerezo, hari n'umwe muri mwe ufite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikongoroka mu rukiko. Guhana amazu bitangwa mu masezerano yo gutanga akazi, aho abana babana, badashoboye cyangwa bashoboye cyangwa bahagije, "bemerewe n'abayoboke ba mbere baregwaga mu nzego z'uburinganire." (Twibutse ko ubu byemewe gukora ubwo bwami ubwo aribwo bwose.) Ibibanza bitabira guhana bishobora kuba biri muri imwe no mu midugudu itandukanye mu karere ka federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Guhana amazu bitangwa mu masezerano yo guhimbaza imibereho ntabwo yemerewe niba, urugero, uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ibibanza biravuguruzanya mu rukiko cyangwa ngo dufate umwanda mu rukiko cyangwa gufata icyemezo cyo gusenya inzu (urutonde rwuzuye rwo gutangwa mu ngingo ya 73).
Gusimburwa. Umukoresha w'ibanze, agace kwose karenze igipimo cyo gutanga, hamwe n'Uburenganzira bw'abagize umuryango bishobora kuvugana n'umusozi w'imiturire yo gutanga amazu mato mu kugaruka (ingingo ya 81). Biratangaje bisa n'ingingo. Ariko ubushobozi bwo kwimukira ahantu hacu hakenewe, abadakora kwishyura metero kare (muri rusange akenshi iyo habaye imanza mugihe pansiyo idakora ibaho munzu nini). Amaze kubona itangazo, Hodger ategetswe gutaha amezi atatu gutanga indi nzu kumukoresha mubufatanye na we.
Umukoresha arashobora kandi kuba afite ubundi burenganzira, usibye ibyo byasobanuwe haruguru, byatanzwe kuri LCD nandi mategeko ya federasiyo nandi masezerano yimiterere.
Inshingano z'umukoresha
Uburenganzira bwumukoresha bwahariwe ibintu byinshi bya code, imirimo yashyizwe ku rutonde gusa ingingo ya 67. Rero, umukoresha agomba:
1) Koresha amazu kubyo yagenewe no mumipaka yashyizweho na LCD;
2) Kumenyesha umutekano w'amazu;
3) Komeza imiterere ikwiye yo gutura;
4) gukora gusana ibibanza;
5) gukora amafaranga yinzu nibikorwa;
6) "Menyesha umuyobozi mu masezerano yashyizweho n'amasezerano y'impinduka mu mpamvu n'amasezerano aha uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amasezerano yo gukodesha mu mibereho."
Ifite kandi indi mirimo iteganijwe na LCD, ayandi mategeko ya federasiyo n'amasezerano afatika.
"Kwirukanwa ... uhereye ku nyubako zo gutura zitangwa mu masezerano y'imibereho, mu iteka ry'ubucamanza:
1) Hamwe no gutanga izindi nyubako zabungabunzwe neza mumasezerano yo gutanga imibereho;
2) hamwe no gutanga ibindi bibanza byo gutura ...;
3) Utiriwe utanga ibindi bibanza byo gutura. "
(Kuva mu buhanzi. 84 LCD)
Kurangiza, guhagarika no kwirukana
Ati: "Amasezerano yo gutanga imibereho yahagaritswe kubera kubura (kurimbuka) mu buturo, n'urupfu rw'umukozi uhoraho" (ingingo ya 83). Igorofa riva muri leta, kandi rirakomeje kujugunya.
Amasezerano yo gutanga akazi arashobora guhagarikwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose yumvikanyweho ababuranyi cyangwa gusaba umukoresha (hamwe nurubanza rwanditse rwabagize umuryango we). Niba umukode n'umuryango we bahisemo guhindura aho batuye, amasezerano afatwa nk'itariki yo kugenda.
Ibinyuranye nibyo, Moderator irahagarika amasezerano ntabwo yiswe (!). Irashobora gusa gusaba guhagarika nyuma:
"Hafi y'umukoresha w'amafaranga y'inzu yo guturamo kandi (cyangwa) ibikorwa birenga amezi atandatu";
"Kurimbuka cyangwa kwangiza ibibanza byo guturamo n'umukoresha cyangwa abandi baturage, kubikorwa asubiza" (bisobanura ububasha cyangwa abapangayi b'igihe gito);
"Kurenga ku burenganzira n'inyungu zemewe n'abaturanyi, bituma bidashoboka kwakira mu cyumba kimwe" (hano tuvuga ibyerekeye amazu rusange);
Ati: "Gukoresha ibibanza ntabwo bigamije" (reka tuvuge, munsi y'ibiro).
Turabisubiramo, imanza zose zo kwirukanwa zisuzumwa mu rukiko. Ntamuntu uzahatira umuntu kugenda nta cyemezo gikwiye.
Urukiko rushobora gufata icyemezo cyo kurenga ku muturage hamwe n'ibindi bigo byabungabunzwe neza, hamwe n'ibindi bibanza byo guturamo. Ntabwo bivugwa ahantu hose ku buryo busanzwe ari ahantu hose Byongeye kandi, kwirukanwa ntabwo buri gihe bihana, kuko ibitera impinduka aho batuye bishobora kuba bitandukanye. Abaturage birukanwe ku itangwa ry'imiturire y'amavuta (ingingo ya 85), niba inzu iherereye ari iyo gusenywa, ibibanza byo guturana byahinduwe mu gutura cyangwa byarakwiriye kubaho. Indi nyampinga mu nzu yo kurenga cyangwa kwiyubaka, nk'ibisubizo "aho utuye bidashobora gukizwa cyangwa agace kacyo kazagabana" cyane ko kubaho bizamenyekana "ku buryo butunguranye," biziyongera , bikaviramo agace kose icyumba gifata kuri buri wese mu bagize umuryango kirenga cyane igipimo cy'ingingo. "
Hamwe no gusenya kw'inzu, guhindura icyumba mu buturo butaturuka no kumenya ntibyoroshye kuguma kure cyangwa munsi. Ikindi cyumba gihabwa umukoresha, ukugati ubumwe we n'umuryango we bizahora bitura. Iyo inyubako yo guturamo "ihaguruka" kugirango ikene cyangwa kwiyubaka, guhitamo (ingingo ya 88) birashoboka. Niba akazi kadashobora gukorwa tutanze umukoresha, umuhamagaro aramuha kandi abagize umuryango we mu masezerano yo guha akazi ikigega kiyobowe n'ikigega kiyobowe, aho bazashobora gusubira mu rugo (gutanga amasezerano mbonezamubano muri uru rubanza ntibihagarikwa). Abasaba umukoresha Moderator bafite uburenganzira bwo kumuha ikindi cyumba cyo gutura burundu no guhagarika amasezerano yabanjirije. Umukoresha n'abagize umuryango we bazashobora gusubira mu mwanya wabanjirije, niba agace k'icyumba biturutse ku gusohora cyangwa kwiyubaka byaragabanutse, ariko nticyabaye ibipimo ngenderwaho. Ini mu rundi rubanza!
"Abandi" (ni ukuvuga, ntabwo, atari ukuvuga abakoresha cyane mu rukiko n'abagize imiryango yabo, "mu gihe cy'amezi arenga atandatu," nta mpamvu zirenga itandatu nta mpamvu zifatika. "Ingingo ya 90). Inyandiko yiyi ngingo iratera ubwoba rwose. Kimwe muri kode ntivuga uko kubara enemets - kumurongo cyangwa binyuze muri imwe. Ibyiringiro byonyine ni ukugerageza kwerekana mu rukiko ko impamvu zituma abatishyuye ariyubashye, cyangwa "bagashyira igitutu ku mpuhwe" Abacamanza kugira ngo bagaruke ku kwishyura amadeni.
Ku muhanda (udafite uburyo bwo gutanga imiturire), gusa abantu bakodesha bakirukanwa ku burenganzira n'inyungu z'abaturanyi kandi basenya amazu bashinzwe gutanga akazi (Ingingo ya 91). Bifatwa nk'uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi bushobora no kohereza Vagabond, "niba hagaragaye hamwe n'abana bakubahwa uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi, bemewe n'urukiko bidashoboka."
Usibye gusoma ingingo zose za LCD kubyerekeye umushahara mbonezamubano, urashobora kuza gusa umwanzuro umwe: kuba umukoresha ni bibi (ibi birashingiye cyane ku nzego z'ibanze birashobora). Nibyiza kwikorera wenyine imiturire, urashobora. Ariko kuba nyirayo - umunezero ntabwo bihendutse, kuko kuri iki cyiciro nta bisobanuro, bizakenera kwishyura ibikorwa, amazu nubutaka munsi yinzu yinzu, mugihe abikorera ku giti cyabo birangiye.
Ikibazo gikurikira cyikinyamakuru, tuzakomeza gutanga ibisobanuro kubiteganijwe muri LCD nshya. Bizaba hafi yimiturire no kubaka amakoperative no kubaka amakoperative, imiturire hamwe nubufatanye bushinzwe imicungire n'imicungire yinyubako.
Abanditsi bashimira umunyamategeko Lyubov Danilov na mugenzi we Daria Kononenko kugirango bafashe mugutegura ibikoresho.