Amashanyarazi mu murimo w'abantu - Ibikoresho byo Kwiringa, RCD, kubara, ibishushanyo no kwishyiriraho.
Urugero rwo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi mu nzu: Uruhu rwubatswe ni "kwihisha inyuma ya ecran", ariko kuyabona ntabwo ari bike.
Kubera ko guhanga amashanyarazi yubuhanga bikomeza imbere nintambwe ndwi. Uyu munsi ntabwo twibwira ko ubuzima butagira amashanyarazi. Aviteda, usibye guhumurizwa nibiti, bitwara no gutera ubwoba. Akaga, mbere ya byose, bifitanye isano no gutsinda abantu muri iki gihe, mu bya kabiri - hamwe n'umuriro uva mu mikorere mibi y'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi no kunanirwa kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho byo mu rugo bihenze. Ariko ibi byose birashobora kwirindwa niba bidashoboka kandi kwita ku ngamba zo kurinda.
Ntutekereze ko amashanyarazi gusa ashoboye kubona impagarara. Buri wese muri twe ashobora kubona amashanyarazi, kandi kubwibyo ntabwo ari ngombwa kuzamuka mukaga kamera cyangwa guhindura insinga. Gukubita byoroshye biroroshye kubona, gukora ku bikoresho bisanzwe byo murugo, firigo, imashini imesa ,.d. Niba ubwitonzi bwinsinga itwara ikigezweho yacitse, umubiri wamashanyarazi urashobora gusimburwa. Ntibisanzwe, mugihe cyo gukoraho iki gikoresho, rwose bizatsinda iki gikoresho. Bisobanura ko ku nyungu z'umutekano w'amashanyarazi (iz'amazu yabo), mbere ya byose, yita ku butaka.
Icya kabiri, uhereye ku buke bw'urusobe nk'ibisubizo by'ibikoresho byinshi by'amashanyarazi n'umuzunguruko bikabije) Abamena umupira w'amaguru barakijijwe, abayoboke bacyo bari abaja benshi.
Hanyuma, ikibazo cyingenzi nukuntu wakwirinda gukomeretsa bikomeye, uramutse ukora ku muyobozi uhangayitse, kandi Imana ikinga mucyumba gitose. Ikak irinde umuriro, ni ingaruka zo kumeneka. Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo guhagarika (RCO) biza kubitabazi, bikamenya ibinyobwa bitoroshye kandi bihagarika amashanyarazi mu nzu yose cyangwa insinga zitwara ubungubu.
Kurutonde hejuru yigikoresho, metero iteganijwe (itaragurika, isosiyete yingufu ntizatanga voltage) yashyizwe mumwanya wamashanyarazi yashyizweho uyu munsi mubyumba byose (cyangwa akazu. Igiciro cyo "kuzuza" gufunga nk'iki gihe ntarengwa cy'imiturire n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi no kwita ku buzima bwabo n'ubuzima bwabo birashobora kuba amadorari yabo. Kuzigama umutekano akenshi birahenze cyane, kugirango muri iri suzuma twiyemeje kukumenyesha amafaranga hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye byamashanyarazi.
Ubutaka
Nkuko tumaze kuvuga, ishingiro ryumutekano w'amashanyarazi ni ukwigera. Idosiye ya videwo kuri buri gikoresho cyagenewe 220v, cyaba itara cyangwa TV, igomba kwegera akanama katatu: icyiciro, zeru no kurinda. Iki gisubizo cyamaze kumenyera kandi gikomeye gisimbuza gahunda yo guhuza insinga ebyiri. Icyiciro cyumuyobora (L), cyangwa mu cyiciro gikoreshwa, ni umuyobozi wakazi uyobowe no kugaburira umuguzi. Byanze bikunze kuzuza umuyobozi wa zeru, mubundi buryo, zeru (n), cyangwa "kutabogama". Umuyobozi ushinzwe kurinda zeru, cyangwa "gukingira reasamsmyly" (re), byemeza urusobe rumwe. Kuri we, nk'ubutegetsi, insinga mu bwigumba cy'umuhondo-icyatsi cyamamaye.Niba urugo rwawe rwubatswe nyuma ya 1998-1999, birashoboka cyane, umuyobozi mukuru wa zero, cyangwa, nkuko "umwihariko" avuga, afite zeru ikingira. Mu mwanya, insinga z'insinga ziva mu gace kagenewe kugabura inzu yawe: Ku mucyo - ku mucyo - 2 mu muyobozi, icyiciro na zeru (l + n); Itsinda kuri socket 3 ryumuyobozi (l + n + pe); Itsinda kuri electroflit- 3 ryumuyobozi (l + n + pe). Ni ukuvuga, insinga 3 zigomba kuba hejuru, hamwe na zeru no kurinda (n na pe) muri ko nta na hamwe zishobora guhuzwa na clip isanzwe ku nkinzo.
Niba utuye munzu yinyubako yambere, imyaka mirongo irindwi - mirongo inani, zeru zo kurinda hejuru ntishobora. Uruhande rukomeye, hasi ingabo, nkitegeko, uhagaze. Kubwibyo, byumvikana gutumira amashanyarazi muri Dhaz yaho. Azi neza niba ikibanza cyizewe kiri mu nkingi, kandi nibiba ngombwa, gishobora guterura agenga zeru kurinda zeru kuri imwe mu masoko, urugero, guhuza imashini imesa.
Rero, munzira yumujyi hamwe no kwangwa kurinda byinshi cyangwa bike. Avot ba nyirabuyo murugo rwabo bafite icyo bamena imitwe.
Nk'uburyo, gutanga amazu nkabo bikorwa binyuze mu mbaraga z'umurongo w'amashanyarazi, kandi ingabo mu nzu ntabwo ihagaze (kandi ibi bigomba gukorwa!). Byongeye kandi, koresha zeru ziza nkorera n-ukorana nabo nkumuyobora urinda permunity bitemewe rwose. Iyo umurongo wo mu kirere wacitse (urugero, igiti cyaguye) umuyobozi (n) gishobora kuba munsi ya voltage. Noneho agaciro ka voltage kazagaragara kumuyobora urinzwe pe (aho nimugoroba amashanyarazi yose ahujwe nibitekerezo), kandi uhereye kubikingira bizahinduka byica! Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane cyane gushika mu kazu. Ni iki gikenewe kuri ibi?
Mbere ya byose, urashobora gukoresha isi kamere gushobora kuba:
Shyira imiyoboro y'amazi hamwe nizindi miyoboro yicyuma, usibye imiyoboro y'amazi yaka, gaze yaka kandi iturika kandi ivanze, imyanda no gushyushya hagati;
imiyoboro ihembe y'amariba;
Ibyuma kandi byashimangiye inzego zifatika byinyubako ninzego zihuye nisi.
Niba amahirwe nkaya ari, nibyiza gukora nabi. Gukuraho bifite ibikoresho gusa hakoreshejwe gusudira, gusa igice gikenewe cyigice cyambukiranya gitangwa. Gukubita uruganda rukoreshwa mugukoresha ibyuma byambukiranya byibuze 48mm2 hamwe nubunini byibuze 4m cyangwa ibyuma bifite ubunini bwa smor ntabwo ari munsi ya 2.5mm. Umurongo cyangwa inguni cyangwa inguni byashyizweho kaburimbo aho contour yubutaka iva kumurongo wibyuma ukoresheje igice cyambukiranya byibuze 24mm2 nubwinshi bwa byibuze 3mm. Ubundi buryo: Umuyoboro usudikurwa kumurongo (imfuruka), umuyobozi wumuringa wometseho (kuva 2.5m2), uzaba umuyobora urinda.
Niba inzu yimbaho, kandi nta miyoboro, cyangwa amariba, ugomba gukora isi. Iki nigikorwa kigoye cyane. Byongeye kandi, bizakenera gutera ubutaka bunini, bizakenerwa gukomeza kubara hamwe no gupima amashanyarazi yubutaka mu mwanya. Iyi mirimo yose ni nziza kugena inzobere zujuje ibisabwa.
Imitunganyirize yubutaka ikingira nintambwe yambere gusa mugutanga umutekano wumuntu nudututsi. Intambwe ikurikira mumuryango urinda kurinda irashobora kuba abahungu b'umuzunguruko, cyangwa, nkuko bakunze kwita, Automata.
Byikora
Gutangira, tubona ko socket, guhinduranya, gufatanya, kubara hamwe nibikoresho byamashanyarazi byimikoreshereze yo murugo bikorwa muburyo butandukanye bwibigo bitandukanye. Twahamagaye bamwe muri bo: ABB, Aeg, Kopp, Bushing-jaeger electro, Siemens (Ubudage), umukono "," Uzo "(Uburusiya) Idr.
| Uruganda | Kode y'abacuruzi | Umubare w'inkingi | Urutonde rwaho, kandi | Kz, ka | igiciro, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABB. | S231RC16. | Inkingi imwe | cumi na gatandatu | 4.5 | 129. |
| Igitero. | 6019. | Ibidukikije 2 Abayobora (L + n) | cumi na gatandatu | 6. | 302.6 |
| 604805 LR | Inkingi imwe | cumi na gatandatu | 6. | 110. | |
| Schneider Amashanyarazi | SE 24403 HIGT 9 | Inkingi imwe | cumi na gatandatu | 6. | 199. |
| Siemens. | 5sq21700KA10. | Inkingi imwe | cumi na gatandatu | 4.5 | 125.3. |
| "Interectrocomplekt" | Hindura | Inkingi imwe | cumi na gatandatu | 4.5 | 45.5. |
| Aeg | Hindura | Inkingi imwe | cumi na gatandatu | 6. | 129. |
| Busch-jaeger electro | Hager ms140. | Inkingi imwe | 40. | 6. | 107. |
| Iseni | RCD. | Inkingi imwe | cumi na gatandatu | 6. | 130. |
Abamena umuzungutsi (Automata) - Igikoresho kizwi cyane cyo kurinda kandi kimenyerewe. Yagenewe kurinda urunigi kuva mukarere kagufi no kurenza urugero. Basimbuye inkoni idasanzwe ya cork yo kurengera amashanyarazi - imyaka 20-30 ishize. Uyu munsi, Auto mutahe ifite uburyo budasanzwe, bukora mu buryo butaziguye gufungura umuzenguruko w'amashanyarazi.
Benshi mu bahungu ba none bo mu rugo rufite urugo rwerekanwa ku isoko ry'Uburusiya bahujwe. Bafite electromagnetic kandi ikirere kandi ntigishobora kubarinda kurenza urugero rwa Network barenga, kandi kuva mumirongo ngufi (kz). Kurekura amatora ni electromagnet ishoboye kurinda urunigi kuva kumuzunguruko mugufi mugihe uriyongereyeho umwanya muto, inshuro 5-10 (Icyiciro C) kirenze ibipimo bidasanzwe. Imashini igomba kuzimya urunigi kugirango agere kumasegonda 0.01. Ubushyuhe bwo kurekurwa - Isahani ya BimetIc, ihindura imiterere iyo ashyushye. Iki kibazo kiburira ibirenze urugero, biherekejwe no gushyushya abayobora umushinga wabo ushobora kwirengagiza. Imashini ifite uburyo bukabije hamwe numutwaro urenze agaciro ka 13% ugomba kuzimya urunigi isaha imwe.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'akaga k'amashanyarazi ariho n'ingaruka zo gutsindwa kwabo ku muntu?
Akaga ko guhura namashanyarazi biterwa nibintu bibiri:
Igihe cyo gutembera mu mubiri w'umuntu;
Ingabo zigezweho.
Ibi bintu ntabwo bifitanye isano nundi, amashanyarazi azaba mukuru cyangwa munsi, bitewe n'agaciro ka buri kimwe muri byo.
Gusuzuma impamyabumenyi y'akaga, imirongo yimpinduka yibipimo bibiri agaciro k'imbaraga nigihe cyo kwerekana bigenwa. Ibishushanyo byerekanwe ku ishusho.
Abanya SPORT ZABANTU Abantu Biterwa ningaruka za physiologiya ziterwa namashanyarazi:
AC1 mubisanzwe nta reaction;
AC2- nta ngaruka ziteye akaga;
AC3-reversiser injyana yumutima igenda yiyongera hamwe nigihe cyo kongera ubu kandi buryo bworoshye;
Ihohoterwa rya Ac4- ku mitima, nko guhagarika umutima, gusiga ubuhumekero, gutwika bikabije.
Agaciro k'abatezimbere bitemba mu mubiri w'umuntu kagereranijwe ku buryo bukurikiranye: hamwe no gukoraho mu buryo butaziguye mu bice by'umuntu ku ya 220v, ikigezweho kigena kurwanya umubiri w'umuntu, kingana na Ohms 1000 (hamwe na verisiyo itameze neza kumuhanda winzira / ikirenge). Noneho ikigezweho kiboneka kimwe na 220 ma. Uyu ni amashanyarazi akomeye, asaba koherezwa mu bitarurwa.
Ukurikije igisubizo kiranga, abavunja umuriro bagabanijwemo amatsinda: b, C na D. kurinda imiyoboro mu rwego rw'amazu no ku rwego rw'abaturage, mu byiciro C, Ibyiciro C, kubera ko ari isi yose kandi igenewe imigegi ngufi; Nibihe 5-10 inshuro ex yanditseho indangagaciro zubu. Imashini ziki cyiciro nazo zirashobora kandi gukoreshwa mumirongo igaburira moteri yamashanyarazi, imurundi. Akenshi mubuzima bwa buri munsi, ibyiciro byunvikana cyane bya B ibyiciro birakoreshwa. Bakururwa mumigenzo, inshuro 3-5 kurenza agaciro kanini, kandi ikoreshwa muri electronics.
Ibikoresho by'ibyiciro byombi bikozwe na Par Agaciro ka 6, 10, 13, 16, 20, 32, 40, 40, 50 na 63A. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko agaciro k'ibitabo by'imashini byatoranijwe hashingiwe ku mutwaro wemewe wo kuho uba. Ni ukuvuga, kwandikirana ibiranga imashini nibice byingufu zimbaraga zakoreshejwe, bishyirwa mu mushinga wamashanyarazi yinzu cyangwa inzu.
Hano hari imwe, ebyiri- eshatu. Uwa mbere yashyize mu gufungura icyiciro (insinga munsi ya voltage), kandi akenshi bikoreshwa cyane munzu n'amazu. Gake bakunze gukoresha inkingi ebyiri-ebyiri, ntabwo zifite icyiciro gusa, ahubwo nanone zero. Atrech-, imashini za pole zine zagenewe umurongo wicyiciro cya 380v, aho insinga eshatu zitose mumigozi imwe, umugozi umwe wa zeru numwe ukingira.
Ikosa ryinshi - Gukoresha imashini hamwe na trigger irenze urugero. Mubyukuri, ntabwo ari amakosa, ahubwo ni amakosa. Kurugero, munzu ishaje ifite insinga yijimye, itota irinda imashini muri 10a, kandi nyir'inyubako ibona isakoti igezweho ifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi ya 2.2 kandi ikubiyemo. Bigenda bite? Imashini ikora. Nyirubwite, ntakindi atekereza, asimbuye imashini kubandi, hamwe nubuyobozi burebure - kuri 16a, hanyuma kuri 25a (ni iki ukuboko gufata). Nyuma yibyo, "bakuremo" imashini ntizizaba. Ariko umuyoboro utabanje guhindurwa kugirango imigezi nkiyi izatangira gukorana no kurenza urugero. Abayobora bazahoraho. Niba ufite amahirwe, kumena umuzunguruko bizakora mugihe, nkibisubizo byo gushonga insinga, hazabaho umuzunguruko mugufi. Nubwo ubuzima bwerekana ko mubihe nkibi byabanjirije intera yumuriro.
Icyitegererezo kigezweho cya Automata cyometse ku bitwa Din gari ya mon, ni iyi bisi 35mm yo izamuka, rihuye nibipimo mpuzamahanga bimenyerewe. Imashini nkuru nkiyi zizasohoka rwose (kandi zimaze kwimurwa) ibikoresho byubunini bwa kera byashyizwe bakoresheje imigozi.
Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, Automata, mbere ya byose, kurinda iminyururu y'amashanyarazi kurenza urugero. Imigezi iriho izoba ibarwa - kuva 6 kugeza 100a. Kumva umuntu kubayobora munsi ya 220v hamwe no kwinjiza imigezi nkiyi ntibishobora kubaho. Niba imyigaragambyo yumubiri wumuntu yeguriwe gufatwa ingana na 1000 Ohms (iyo ikigezweho cyatemba ikigezweho / ikirenge), noneho ubu bwanyuze mumubiri biboneka kuri 220 ma. Ku muntu, uyu ni amashanyarazi akomeye, imashini ntabwo ibona ko aya gaciro nkumuzunguruko mugufi kandi umuzenguruko ntazimya. Kubwibyo, kurinda umuntu kwangirika kubwimpanuka kumashanyarazi, igikoresho gikenewe - nigikoresho cyo guhagarika ikirinda.
Gutandukanya ibihano hamwe n'imashini zisumbatanya
Bishyirwa mu bikorwa ryakozwe mu bikorwa byinshi byatangiye muri mirongo itandatu na mirongo irindwi mu binyejana bishize ku isi, cyane cyane mu bihugu by'Uburayi byo mu Burayi, mu Buyapani ndetse na Amerika. Kugeza ubu, ifunganye mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi byose bizwi, bidakora gusa ko umuntu atungura amashanyarazi, ariko akanashobora guhunga umuriro n'umuriro kubera ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi no mu mashanyarazi. Muburyo bwinshi, kubera aya masosiyete yubwishingizi mugusuzuma ibyago bigena amafaranga yubwishingizi bigomba byanze bikunze kuzirikana ibikoresho byo guhagarika na tekiniki.| Uruganda | Icyitegererezo | Umubare w'inkingi | Urutonde rwaho, kandi | Bitandukanye, MA | Ubwoko | igiciro, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABB. | DS 941 C25. | 1p + n. | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1798.5 |
| Igitero. | 7886. | 1p + n. | cumi na gatandatu | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1407. |
| SE 19665 HILL 9 | 1p + n. | cumi na gatandatu | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1936. | |
| Sshneider amashanyarazi. | Se 11474 "inzu" | 1p + n. | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1427. |
| Siemens. | 5Su13531kv16. | 1p + n. | cumi na gatandatu | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1075. |
| 5Su13531kv40. | 1p + n. | 40. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1075. | |
| Iseni | MsV | 1p + n. | cumi na gatandatu | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1669. |
| Busch-jaeger electro | Hager ad007a | 1p + n. | cumi na gatandatu | mirongo itatu | Ac | 829. |
| Uruganda | Icyitegererezo | Umubare w'inkingi | Urutonde rwaho, kandi | Bitandukanye, MA | Ubwoko | igiciro, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABB. | F 362. | Inkingi ebyiri | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1198.5 |
| F 372. | Inkingi ebyiri | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ariko | 1866.7 | |
| Igitero. | LR 602 136. | Inkingi ebyiri | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 876. |
| 8909. | Inkingi ebyiri | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 990. | |
| Schneider. | Se 11450. | Inkingi ebyiri | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 906. |
| Siemens. | 5sm13140. | Inkingi ebyiri | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 938. |
| Iseni | RCD. | Inkingi ebyiri | 25. | mirongo itatu | Ac | 1243. |
Inyongera ziboneka kumurongo, ubaze kuri voltage ebyiri zerekanwe (agaciro gakomeye voltage, aho imikorere yikikoresho yemeza) - 220 na 380v, hamwe nimigenzo yizina muri 6; cumi na gatandatu; 25; 40; 63; 80; 100; 125A, igikoresho gishobora gusimbuka igihe kirekire. Biragaragara, guhitamo igikoresho kuri parameter yambere biterwa nuburyo voltage murusobe rwawe, mugihe ikigezweho kigenwa nimbaraga ibikoresho byurugomo bimara. Ikigereranyo cyo kubara ibiyobyabwenge byatanzwe mu ngingo "urugo".
Igishushanyo mbonera gitandukanye nicyo cyingenzi kubaguzi ibikoresho byo guhagarika ibikoresho byo gufunga. Ibitekerezo byo kureba turimo tuvuga ku mbaraga za interineti, itera guhagarika Udo mu bihe byagenwe (0.006; 0.03; 0,1; 0,1; 0,5a). Ni ukuvuga, iyo iki gihe cyanduye kiboneka, urunigi ruzahita ruhagarika. Kubyumba bitose, kabino yisuku, ubwiherero no kwiyuhagira, - niba umurongo wihariye ugaragara kuri bo, birasabwa gukoresha RCD hamwe na trigger 10. Kongera imanza, ndetse no kumuhanda, byemererwa gukoresha RCD hamwe nububiko bwa 30 ma. Ukwayo, kongera urwego rwo kurinda umuriro winjiye munzu cyangwa inzu kugiti cye, abahanga basaba gushiraho RCD hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa na 300 ma.
Kwizerwa nubwiza bwa Uzo bigenwa numuzunguruko mugufi - 3000, 4500, 6000, 10,000, 10.000 (iyi parameter rimwe na rimwe yitwa "kurwanya imigezi ngufi yumuzunguruko"). Isumbabyose agaciro kagenwe, niko byizewe ibikoresho byo guhagarika igihe kirekire bizaba.
Ihame ryo gukora wa Uzo.
Niba kumeneka bibaye, ikiriho muburyo bwibanze bubaho (kuva aho rot zigezweho ku murongo wa n kandi l ntabwo zingana kandi imirima yabo ntabwo ihwanye). Agaciro k'iki kigereranyo gasuzumwa nu Rwanda Itandukaniro R2. Iyo urwego runaka, relay itera urunigi.
Igikoresho gitandukanye (Uzo) gihora kigereranya kurumbuka unyuze mumitsindire yicyiciro (kuri electrospode), hamwe nukuntu bitemba binyuze muri "kutabogama" (bivuye mu mashanyarazi). Mugihe iyo itandukaniro ryiyi nzira igeze agaciro kangiza ubuzima, igikoresho kizimya voltage yo gutanga. Ibi bivuze ko niba umuntu aje mu nsinga yambaye ubusa cyangwa ikariso yamashanyarazi kandi abinyujije kuri "isi" itemba ikiriho, itandukaniro ryimigenzo (ngo) rizagaragara. Igikoresho gihita gitera kandi kizimya urunigi rwa voltage. Kandi igihe cyo gukora cya Uzo ni gito cyane kuburyo ikigezweho kitazabona umwanya wo kwangiza ubuzima.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho bitandukanye: ac na A. Itandukaniro riri hagati yabo riri mubyiyumvo byibi bikoresho muburyo butaziguye imyuga igaragara ihinduka mubikoresho byo murugo. Ubwoko bwa Udo bufite izina ryihariye kumazu ya Sinisoid murukiramende. Ntabwo byoroshye gusa (Sinusoidel) ivunitse, mugihe imashini imesa hamwe na redulator yihuta, amasoko yoroheje, agoretse kuri Sinisort, agororotse hamwe ninkomoko yuburyo. Ibisabwa bya Uzo Ubwoko bwa AC butakaza cyane sticutivite, bivuze ko ubushobozi bwo kurinda neza umuntu kwibasirwa nubu. Hano, andika ibikoresho bitwara impinduka zombi hamwe nangiza imigezi (imigezi yamenetse hamwe nibice bihoraho). Urozo ahenze kuruta ubwoko bwa Uzo, bitarenze 20-50%, ariko kumatsinda ya socketi, hamwe nitsinda ryamashusho, kandi amatsinda yo kumurika, ni byiza kubishyira mubikorwa.
Ibikoresho byo guhagarika ibintu birinda ubwoko bwombi (ac na a) bibaho haba muri variant s (guhitamo) cyangwa muburyo busanzwe. Gushyira mu bikorwa s (andika A cyangwa AC) bisobanura gukurura igihe gutinda. Byakoreshejwe mugihe ukeneye gutanga umwanya winyongera kubisubizo byibanze byibindi bikoresho byo kurinda cyangwa Automata.
Urashobora kugenzura imikorere yikibanza gishya cyangwa kirekire uhagaze kuri buto ya "Ikizamini", kiri mumwanya wimbere wibikoresho byinshi (usibye lever). Iyo ukanze kuri iyi buto, hashyizweho ibitandukanye bitandukanye. Niba Uzo ari neza, igomba kuzimya. Ibizamini nkibi birasabwa buri kwezi. Nyuma yimyambarire no gukemura ibibazo birateganijwe, igikoresho cyongeye kuzanwa muburyo bukoreshwa ryibyo lever.
Ibikoresho birinda birashobora gushyirwaho mubutegetsi busanzwe bwo gukwirakwiza munzu, igikoresho kimwe hamwe nigipimo cya 30 ma kubantu bose. Ihitamo rihendutse, ariko ntiyemerera kumenya aho byatembaga, kandi, usibye, igihe RCD yaterewe, inzu yose isigaye nta mucyo. Icyemezo gitera imbere cyane, aho byumvikana guharanira, ni ugushiraho ibikoresho byinshi birinda kumurongo wa buri muntu. INZIMA UKORA URUBANZA RUGARAGAZA mumashami yigenga akorera amatsinda atandukanye yabaguzi. Kurugero, birashoboka ko guhuza: amashami kugiti cye kuri socket, kumasoko, kumatsinda yitsinda ryingufu (imashini imesa, amashyiga yamashanyarazi) no kwiyuhagira.
Buri tsinda rigomba gukurikiranwa numuzunguruko wacyo na Uzo. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, buri tsinda rigomba gushyirwa mu gaciro rigenga (riva mu kugabura ingabo) y'insinga y'icyiciro (1 kugeza kuri 170V cyangwa 3 kugeza 30v), kutabogama n no ku mpamvu n no ku mpamvu n no ku buryo butabogamiye kuri pe. Kubaho kw'insinga zitandukanye, nkuko tumaze kuvuga, byongera urwego rwumutekano.
Hamwe nibi birambuye, birashoboka kumenya neza muburyo butandukanye cyangwa gutondekanya, ihame rigomba kuba rishobora kumenya neza igikoresho cyateje igipimo, kandi kikazimya gusa. Nominal (Nominal itandukanya ibitandukanye) buri nyuma yinjiza amashanyarazi murugo rwo kurengera yatoranijwe muri stage hepfo (cyangwa niyo ntishobora na rimwe kuba byinshi! Muyandi magambo, niba uzo, yagenewe kumeneka kuri 30 ma, yashyizwe mu nzu, hanyuma uzo, igikoni cyangwa imashini yo gukaraba, igomba kubarwa kuri 10 cyangwa 6 ma. Iyo iyi miterere isohoye mubihe bikomeye, igikoresho cyo kurinda kizakorwa, cyegereye urubuga. Kurugero, mugihe imikorere mibi mumatako yamashanyarazi azakora RCD mumirongo y'amashanyarazi. Indi mirongo yose, harimo kumurika, izaguma muburyo bwo gukora. Kurinda mbere yikintu, byijejwe gukora mbere, uzo yashyizwe mubikoresho byintangiriro-camashaft, gukorana igihe runaka cyo gutinda (hafi 0.1-0.5), ni ukuvuga RCD mubicwe.
Mugihe urindaga imigezi ya Leakage, RCD ifite umwihariko muto kandi ntakintu na kimwe gishobora gusimbuza ibimenaga. Kurinda Kurenza Kurenza cyangwa Umuzunguruko mugufi numuzunguruko uhuriweho n'umuzunguruko, ugomba gushyirwaho kugirango urinde umuzenguruko wamashanyarazi nigikoresho cyo mu gisukuye ubwacyo. Kurugero, Uzo hamwe nukuntu 25a bigomba gukingirwa nimashini, idafite imyaka 25a.
Kugirango utagomba kugura Automatal zitandukanye na Uzo, abakora baremye kandi barekura ibikoresho bihujwe bigufi kandi bitandukanije-imashini zinyuranye. Ubu ni ubwoko bwa Hybrid ya Kumena umuzunguruko na Uzo mugihe kimwe. Urugero rwibikoresho nkibi birashobora kuba urukurikirane rwinshi rwa Schneider, RCD kuva Kopp, DS 941 kuva Abb, hamwe nibikoresho bya lege. Kandi aba nyuma bafite imifuka ya plastike yoroshye yoroshye yo kwerekana urunigi rwarinzwe. Kubaho kwa Automatial kumasoko byoroheje cyane mubuzima bwabaguzi ubu badatekereza kubipimo byamashanyarazi bya Uzo na muzunguruka.
Isutamo isukuye ifungura umuzenguruko w'amashanyarazi mugihe ihuye nayo imwe mubintu bitatu byamashanyarazi:
Umuzunguruko mugufi (Coriil hamwe na Core yabigiramo);
kurenza urugero (amasahani ya bimetallic yateje);
Ibitekerezo bitandukanye (muriki gihe, gusohora magnetoelectric bifite agaciro).
2. Guhuza ibintu byabakozi ba Zeru
3. Guhuza ibintu byabashinzwe kubarinda zeru
4. Uzo kuri Leakage Igezweho 30 MA
5. Ihinduka ryikora
6. RCD kuri leakage ubungubu 10 ma
7. Metero y'amashanyarazi
8. Imirongo yiminyururu yitsinda
Kurinda inkuba kandi biteye isoni. Kudavangura
Urwego rwinshi rurashoboka cyane kuri voltage yizina, voltage gusimbuka iyo umurabyo ubaye (ushobora kugera kuri 15 kv). KINYARWANDA KANDI, Nkigisubizo, Kunanirwa kwibira, Ibikoresho nibikoresho, umuriro urashobora kugaragara kumuyoboro mu manza zikurikira:Ingaruka zitaziguye zo gusohora kw'ikirere kinini, ku ngingo z'inkuba zitaziguye, hari ikipe ikomeye mu kuyobora ibintu.
Gukubita bitaziguye mugihe kimwe. Irashobora gutera byinshi kure kuva kuri metero magana abiri kugeza kuri kilometero nyinshi ziva mu murabyo. Gukwirakwiza impingasi, imiyoboro, imbaraga zo kurenga hejuru zigwa mu nyubako zigaragaza ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi.
Gukubita inkuba hasi. Kubaga byimazeyo ku muyobora uhagaze birashobora gukwirakwira.
Ubwinjiriro bwibikorwa byamashanyarazi (muri lift yinyubako, ni dosiye) birashoboka ko byagaragaye murusobe rwibiruka byikirere bigezweho.
Ubwinshi hagati ya grid yububasha kandi isi irashobora guhagarika burundu amashanyarazi. Inshuro nyinshi zabaye hagati yumuyobozi wicyiciro hamwe na "kutabogama" indishyi zamashanyarazi (ibikoresho bya videwo byamajwi na mudasobwa). Muri uru rubanza, urubanza rwatemye guhagarika guhagarika iyo voltage irenze murusobe. Ibikoresho byemerera guhagarara nkibi byitwa Inshuro (cyangwa birenze urugero). Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo gusohora ni uguhatira impibororamuco yimico, kubwibyo, mubikoresho byibikoresho, birashoboka guhuza umuyobozi uhagaze hamwe nigice cyambukiranya kuva 10mm2 cyangwa irenga. Inshuro zishyizwe ahagaragara inyuma yo kumena umuzunguruko kandi ni itegeko rihujwe na terminal "yisi" yinama y'amashanyarazi.
Ubushishozi bwose rwose bufite imiterere yimiterere. Nyuma ya triggers imwe cyangwa ebyiri (imyigaragambyo yimvura), igikoresho kiva abb na schneider kigomba gusimburwa, kizerekana ibimenyetso byerekana itegeko ryayobowe. Kwigira kuri aba Arkres, ibikoresho bya Legrand bigizwe na shingiro na module. Ibi nibyinshi cyane kuri pole-inkingi enye kumuyoboro wagenewe 380v (kurinda ibyiciro bitatu no guhura), kubera ko bishoboka gusimbuza imwe gusa muri module.
Mu bikoresho by'abatunganya ibidukikije, impera z'ikirango cya OPN-12 / 0.4 y'isosiyete "Astro-Uzo" irazwi. Kubarwa kuri 10 ka no gufata voltage kugeza 1200v, bemerera kugabanya ubwiyongere bwagaciro kumutekano aho nta gusenyuka ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Impanuro zingirakamaro
Ntukize umuyobozi. Umugozi watoranijwe neza (wire) kuva kuri umuringa ntuzabuza ibintu byose bitunguranye, imyaka 50 urashobora gusinzira neza.
Ntabwo bitemewe rwose kugirango uhuze umuringa na aluminiyumu, koresha amacakubiri.
Ntushobora gukiza ibikoresho byo kurinda. Imashini nziza, imashini yumuzunguruko cyangwa itandukaniro ntishobora kugura.
Irinde guhuza abakoresha benshi muri screw (urugero, muri metero).
Mugihe ukoresheje umuyoboro wicyiciro cya gatatu kubikoresho byo gutanga imbaraga, umuntu ku giti cye akora agomba kuba yarahagaze kuri buri cyiciro.
Ntibishoboka kwemerera ibiruhuko mumihanda yubutaka. Ihuza ryose rigomba gukorwa gusa gusa, ritangije umurongo wingenzi.
Amagambo make yerekeye metero yamashanyarazi
Nk'ubutegetsi, abakora amahanga batanga ibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho kuri Din Gariyamoshi igomba gushyirwa mu moderi yacyo - Ammeters, Abavoka. Ariko, mbere yo kugura metero yamashanyarazi yahuye nawe, birakenewe kwinjira mu itangazo ryaho utanga amashanyarazi - "Igurishwa ry'ingufu" ryemewe ku kwishyiriraho mu nzu yawe cyangwa mu nzu. Ibiciro bya buri gihe metero yamashanyarazi yinjira muri iyo shyirahamwe ryumuryango, irabigenzura, ifata inshingano zo gusana no kubungabunga, noneho byanze bikunze metero yamashanyarazi, nyuma yo kurangiza neza birasabwa gukoreshwa cyane.Amashanyarazi yo mu rugo "INCOTECT" (Moscow), Lamz (St. Petersburg), uruganda rwa Mytishchi Uruganda rwa Mytishchi rugereranwa cyane ku isoko. Baraboneka ku giciro kandi bashikwa mu kigo muburyo gakondo - ku buryo. Ariko uyumunsi module yashizwe kuri gari ya mom isanzwe yanze abandi bose. Byaba byiza ufite metero yamashanyarazi hamwe nibishoboka byo kwishyiriraho enter, urugero, icyitegererezo cyemewe cya Dan 2902 Delta, kivuga kuri Abb mu gihingwa cya Moscou ". Ndashaka kumenya ko muri metero yamashanyarazi yuburusiya ngaho hashyizwe kuri gari ya moco. Ibi, reka tuvuge icyiciro kimwe cya CE 6807 b-1 na phase eshatu IC 6807 b-2 stavropol igihingwa "Eneromera".
| Uruganda | Icyitegererezo | Ibisobanuro | igiciro, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| AVV. | Bl 531 D. | Ibara "aluminium" hamwe nikadiri yo gushushanya | 8601. |
| Stj bl 514 d | Ibara "Anthracite Metallic" | 1950. | |
| Bl 532 D. | Umurongo w'ubuhanzi | 8754. | |
| Bl 533 D. | Ibara "burgundy metallic" hamwe n'ikadiri yo gushushanya | 2158. | |
| Schneider. | SE 10331. | Opaque, ku nzu y'abaminisitiri bashyizwe " | 207.6 |
| SE 10305. | Mu mucyo, ku gifu cyashyizwe mu rugo " | 207.6 |
| Uruganda | Icyitegererezo | Ibisobanuro | igiciro, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| AVV. | Dan 2502. | Bibiri-bingana, icyiciro cya 2, 220/400 v (65 a) | 12943. |
| Dan 2902. | Telefone Nyiricyubahiro, icyiciro cya 2, 220/400 v (65 a) | 10200. | |
| Lamz | Rero-505 | Icyiciro kimwe, igiciro kimwe, icyiciro cya 2, 10-40 a | 645. |
| Co-ee6706 | Icyiciro kimwe kimwe, icyiciro cya 2, 10-40 a, mucyo | 645. | |
| "Ingamba" | CE 68 07 B. | Kuri dil gari ya mon, icyiciro kimwe, igiciro kimwe, 5-50 a | 1260. |
| CE 6803V. | Kuri din gari ya motu, icyiciro cya gatatu, Idrityoric, 10-100 a | 2628. | |
| Uruganda rwa Mytishchinsky | CE 6807 B-1 | Icyiciro kimwe, igiciro kimwe, icyiciro cya 2, 50 a | 975. |
| CE 6807 B. | Icyiciro kimwe, bibiri-igihe, icyiciro cya 2, 50 a | 1178. | |
| Ca4-i678. | Icyiciro cya gatatu, Idic imwe, 50-100 A. | 2309. |
Ikwirakwizwa
Noneho, amaherezo, twaje mugihe gahunda yo kurengera ingufu za Grid yimbaraga zurugo rwawe rwaratowe, umubare wabo urinda waguzwe, umubare wabo nicyitegererezo. Noneho ibikoresho bigize gahunda wubatswe, ugomba kwishyiriraho ahantu (kwihisha). Kuri iyi sosiyete Schneider, Siemens, ABV nabandi bamwe batanga pulasitiel pulasitiel pullles Umutekano kandi ukwiranye imbere yinzu cyangwa murugo. Kurugero, abb itanga urubanza rwa plastike rwicyitegererezo 13204 ku isoko ry'Uburusiya, yagenewe ahantu hihariye hatangwamo kwishyiriraho imitwe ya metero y'amashanyarazi muri iki gitabo cya metero cy'amashanyarazi. Inzu yingabo zose zikorwa kuva plastike yonononga, idakora amashanyarazi. Igishushanyo cyimikino nicyo cyo gukuraho rwose uburyo bwo kubona ibice byubu.
Ibice bifatika bikoreshwa mukuroroherwa no gushiraho ibikoresho mu nkinzo:
Amashanyarazi yashizwemo ibikoresho byose;
Amapine ya Terminal - yoroshye yo gufatira abayobora;
Ikimamara - kubera ubworoherane bwo guhinduranya ibikoresho byinshi byashizwemo;
Amacomeka kuruhande - ingofero ikingira zikora kugirango utanga uruhushya rwo hanze;
Ibibari bikarinda-gushushanya bikubiyemo neza insinga zishyiraho imbere y'urubanza rw'abaminisitiri.
Imanza z'ingabo zirashobora gutangwa mu mikorere yashizwemo kandi zashyizwemo. Hashingiwe ku nzu yashizwe ku rukuta kandi ikoreshwa, nk'ubutegetsi, bwo gufungura insinga. Ingabo zubatswe zashyizwe mu rukuta niche kandi mubisanzwe zikoreshwa mubyihishe. KCcupus irashobora gufata umuryango wigituba cyangwa matte hamwe na morkise. Imiryango itandukanye yo gushushanya kugirango abafunde ntibazasiga umuntu wese utitayeho.
Mugihe uhisemo imitsima y'amashanyarazi igomba kwitabwaho kubakora basabwe, kugirango barebe ibintu byiza kubikoresho by'amashanyarazi, kugirango bareke 30% yubusa imbere. Byongeye kandi, mugihe kizaza, iyi mibuzi idatuwe ituma bishoboka gushyiraho ibikoresho byinyongera (iyo bigezweho insga).
| Uruganda | Icyitegererezo | Umubare wa module | Ibisobanuro | igiciro, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sshneide. | Se 10322 "inzu" | 24. | HONDED, nta miryango | 390. |
| Se 13942 mini pragma | 24. | Yashyize Inama y'Abaminisitiri, umuryango ubereye | 800.6 | |
| Se 13912 mini pragma | 24. | Guhatanira Inama y'Abaminisitiri, umuryango wa Opaque | 865.6 | |
| Siemens. | 8GV11031. | 36. | Yubatswe, kubusa bwihishe | 1590. |
| 8GV13011. | 12 | HONDED, kugirango ufungure insinga | 596.7 | |
| 8GV13031. | 36. | HONDED, kugirango ufungure insinga | 1536.8 | |
| AVV. | 12044. | 24. | Yubatswe, hamwe n'umuryango wa horizontal | 927. |
| 12742. | 2-4 | Urukuta rwashyizwe ku rukuta hamwe n'inzuzi zivanze, mukungugu, kubishyirwaho hanze | 384.7 | |
| 13204. | 12 | Abaminisitiri ba Hishid, umuryango ubereye, ahantu Meter Co-505 | 1363. | |
| "Inkomblekt" | Shrn-12z. | 12 | Icyuma gishinzwe kwicwa | 397.5 |
Ninde ushobora kuvugana?
Vuba aha, habaye ibigo byinshi byishora mu kwishyiriraho ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi no gukora ibintu byose byo mu mirimo y'amashanyarazi. Mugihe winjiye mumasezerano nkiyi, ugomba kwitondera uruhushya rwemewe na EngongoDzor.
Guhuza ibikoresho byo murugo birumvikana kuvugana na Serivisi ishinzwe umugurisha.
ADLA Vakets yuyobora Zeru mugihe ihujwe, kurugero, imashini nshya imesa, ntushobora gutumira ivugurura ryumuryango, urashobora gutumira ihagarariye imitwe ya serivisi (DEZ, ibiziga
Ubuyobozi bw'amabwiriza burashimira isosiyete ishinzwe ubucuruzi n'ibiro byashizweho mu Burusiya kugira ngo bufashe mu gutegura ibintu.