Mansard Windows: Ubwoko nibishushanyo, ingano nibiciro. Ibyifuzo bimwe byo guhitamo no gushiraho.
Gushyira hamwe na Mansera ya Mansera na Cornisa birashobora kunoza cyane gusubiramo
Gukoresha umushahara udasanzwe bigufasha gushiraho Windows yatuze hejuru yinzu ifite impengamiro
PVC-Umwirondoro wa Mansard Idirishya ryibyumba hamwe nubushuhe
Urakoze gukoresha "ubuhanga
Ubwiherero "umushahara widirishya rya Manserard bihuye nigisenge
Mugihe ushyiraho Windows ya Mansard ku gisenge cy'umuringa, umushahara w'umuringa no kurinda imisozi mibi.
Umushahara ntabwo ari ikintu cyubaka gifasha kuzimya idirishya hejuru yinzu, ni na sisitemu nziza yo kuvoma
Ibikoresho by'idirishya ryatiti bigenzurwa rya kure kubikoresho byorohereza cyane ibikorwa byayo
Gushyira Lock idasanzwe birinda kwizerwa mu idirishya ridashaka gufungura nabana
Idirishya rishya hamwe na sisitemu yo gufungura hamwe (roto frank)
Idirishya ryajyanywe kuba amaso yinzu abantu babamo bashiraho itumanaho hamwe n'akarere kegeranye. Ariko hariho amadirishya adasanzwe - abareba ikirere. Ahari gahunda yabo ni ugufasha abantu gushiraho isano nizuba, ukwezi, inyenyeri, ndetse no ku Mana. Izina ryiyi idirishya ni ritic.
Igitekerezo cyo guhindura icyumba cyatitira gutura kimaze kwikunda kugiti cye (kandi ntabwo ari abategura umuntu ku giti cye - ndetse, ako kanya, ako kanya kwiyongera kwubuzima buke! Kugaragara ku isoko ryacu rya Mansard mu rwego rwo gutunganizwa hamwe nuburyo bwo kubaka ingufu bwatumye bishoboka kumenya iki gitekerezo kandi uhindura ibibanza byaka kandi bishyushye, bishyushye, bishyushye, bishyushye, bishyushye, bishyushye, bishyushye, bishyushye, bifite aho batuye, bishyushye, bishyushye, bishyushye. Mubisanzwe mumyaka itari mike, igiti cyabaye ikiranga cyingenzi cyubwinshi bwinzu zigihugu. Ibishimisha, cyane cyane niba utekereje ko idirishya ryateganijwe ryanyuze mucyumba urumuri rwinshi kuruta angana n'ahantu ho guhagarikwa.
Nigute ushobora gutekereza?
Byasa nkaho byoroshye aho amadirishya yategetse inzu yose, gahunda na gite. Oya! Windows ya Mansard idasanzwe, irasohoka gusa muri uru rwego. Gutanga byuzuye birimo ikadiri hamwe na flap ifungura hamwe nuwitwa umushahara (ikintu cyo kwishyiriraho). Muri ibi bice byombi neza kandi idirishya rirashyizwe. Nta wakoraho Windows ya Mansard. Velux (Danemark), Ondux), Roto Frank (Ubudage), Forlande (Polonye) na "Okko". Byongeye kandi, ibikomoka ku bahinzi b'Abarusiya bitandukanijwe n'umwimerere, bidasanzwe ibisubizo bya tekiniki bityo bikadukwiriye kwitabwaho cyane. Nibyo, ntabwo bimaze guhatana gukomeye hamwe nibigo byamahanga mubijyanye no kugurisha imvugo, bigaragara ko bigira ingaruka kubura ubunararibonye muri iki gice cyisoko.Igishushanyo cy'idirishya ryatiti
Hamwe noroshye, idirishya rya ManArd riragoye cyane kuva muburyo bwa tekiniki, ibicuruzwa (wenda ni ubu buryo butera abashobora gutanga "kwibasirwa-" bityo ibibi byisoko ryacu ntibiboneka). Abandi ntibashobora. Iherereye mu gisenge, ndetse no munsi y'inyenzi nto, idirishya ryati, idirishya rirakomeye hamwe nibintu byo hanze kuruta guhagarikwa. Ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumuyaga gusa, imirasire yizuba (ultraviolet), ubushyuhe nubukonje-ku buso bwayo rimwe na rimwe biruka gusa amazi, arya kuri urubura na barafu. Kandi muri ibi bihe, ikadiri yidirishya rigomba gukomeza ibiranga ibyatsi bihagije, gukomera, gukomera nukuri mubunini munsi yuburyo bwo gufungura byinshi mugihe cyose cyo gukora.
Ikadiri. Mu mateka rero byabaye ko hakoreshwa ikirango hamwe nibidukikije, kandi uhereye kubitekerezo bya aesthetic. Ariko ntabwo ari igiti gusa, ahubwo ni ibiti bimenetse bivuye mu pine y'Amajyaruguru - afite ubucucike bumwe, kubera ko impeta z'umwaka ari hafi cyane. Gusa ibyo bikoresho birashobora kwemeza igihe ntarengwa cyibishushanyo mbonera - ikadiri kandi sash ntizaterwa ubushyuhe nubushuhe. Ibicuruzwa byarangiye byanze bikunze byanze bikunze byanze bikunze munsi yigitutu cya antiseptike kandi gikongejwe hamwe nibice bibiri byo gukingira.
Ku rugero no kubungabunga ubushyuhe hagati y'ikadiri na sash, kashe yashizwemo. Imyitwarire ya kashe irashobora kuba 1 (muriki gihe, Roto ikoresha "kashe" eshatu "), 2 ndetse na 3. Biragaragara ko ibintu byinshi, ibyiza.
Ariko ntabwo abakora bose bakora amakadiri gusa mubiti. Kurugero, FAKRO COMITED YATANZE GUKURIKIRA GUKURIKIRA MU BURYO BWA PHINGIRA MU BURYO, giherereye muri Tace ya Ventilator. Muri rusange, hamwe nibiti, bitanga mansard Windows kuva PVC, ikoresha PVC ya PVC nyinshi za Rehau. Ku isoko ryisi ninzibutso rwa mbere. Windows ya plastike yagenewe ibyumba ifite ubushuhe bukabije kandi igura amadorari 5-15 ibirenze moderi isa nayo ikozwe mu giti. (Ukoresheje inzira, Velux yakemuye ikibazo cyo kwishyiriraho Windows yikuramo mubibanza bitose, atanga icyitegererezo cya Ggu, aho guhimba amazi ya Poluurethane byakoreshwaga kumurongo na sash.) Hariho ubundi buryo. Rero, sosiyete onnduline yashyize ahagaragara idirishya ryati hejuru yinzu "ondulin euro" kuva muri polyurethane irangi. Ibicuruzwa bigenewe ibyumba bidahinduka. "Agricegaz" yagiye kurushaho, kunshuro ya mbere mu myitozo y'isi, itanga idirishya rya Mansard, ikadiri hamwe na sash "Umwirondoro wa Aluminum, ugizwe na Flaces nyinshi zijyanye na plastike Shyiramo. Kandi birasa, iyi ntabwo igerageza ryanyuma gusimbuza igiti muburyo bwidirishya rya siporo.
Ikadiri yo kurengera. Kugirango habeho kuramba cyane igishushanyo, ibice byimbaho byintara birinzwe nicyuma. Bakozwe muri aluminium, hejuru yayo ikubiye mumiterere y'uruganda hamwe na polymer thermortessisms ipaji nziza hamwe no kutarwanya urumuri rwinshi. Ibigo byose bikunda gutanga amadirishya ya "isi yose" ibara ryijimye. Igicucu cya buri wubakira ni uwawe, ariko muri rusange ibicuruzwa birasa cyane. Ibara ryatoranijwe ntabwo kubwamahirwe, ni byiza guhuzwa nigisenge. Kugirango utumire, urashobora gukora umurongo wicyo gicucu, wifuza. Ikirusiya gikemukije "Okko" ikoresha amasahani mubintu bya polymeric. Bavuga ko babikora, bakarinda ikadiri rwose kuruta aluminiyumu, bafungura amahirwe menshi yo gushushanya idirishya - hamwe n'ibicuruzwa byijimye, byera.
Ibirahure no gukuba kabiri. Ikirere cy'Uburusiya, nkuko bizwi, kure ya tropique. Kandi Windows ya attic igomba kwihanganira ibihe byose bikabije byigihe cyitumba, kuzigama ubushyuhe mubibanza. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, ibicuruzwa ntibikoreshwa, ahubwo bikaba bibiri, hamwe nibyumba bibiri-, cyangwa ibyumba bibiri-bibiri-byanditseho. Mubisanzwe formula yikirahure - 4-16-4 (aho 4mmm ni umubyimba wikirahure imbere nicyahuri, imyaka 16MM hagati yabo). Kugirango wongere ubushyuhe bwo kwimura ubushyuhe, Windows ebyiri-yatsinzwe ihora ifite ibikoresho-byo kuzigama ingufu zashyizweho nkimbere. Roto, Onduline, Fakro na Velux bakoresha ikirahure hamwe na-ikirahure (hasi-e), bikaba bifite intangarugero yo hejuru yubushyuhe bukoreshwa cyane mumadirishya asanzwe (hamwe na a gukomera "icyuma"). Abakora bose ni bateganijwe hagati ya gaze ya Windows inert, ibyo byongera cyane imiterere yingabo yimiterere yimiterere. Coeefficient yo kurwanya ihererekanyabubasha ryikirahure nkibisobanuro byasuzumwe mubyerekanwe mu ntera ya 0.64- yo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa 0.55 kugeza 0.7 M2C / W. , ihuye nurwego rwibisabwa ninyandiko zigenga zikora kumunsi wubu.
Igitekerezo cyo guhambira amazu munsi yinzu ni bihendutse kubanyeshuri, abahanzi, abahanzi n'abandi baturage b'abakene, basabwe mu kinyejana cya XVII. Ububiko bwa Francois Juncois. Izina rero "Mansera" ryavutse. Nibyo, ubanza yari icyumba cyijimye kandi cyuzuye afite urunigi ruto kandi rwihenze inkuta. Na none kandi, igiti cy'udukoko cyibukwa muri Danimarike mu gihe cy'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose kubera kubura amazu yatewe no kubura impungenge zikomeye z'impunzi. Kugira ngo attike ya atike, injeniyeri Danemar Cannes, Cannes Cannes yasabye guca idirishya ryihariye ryateganijwe mu nkombe y'inzu, yateje imbere igisenge cya mbere maze ahimba izina rye - velux (kuva mu mutima na luventilation na luxt -Lux). Idirishya rikivuka, nubwo ryagize ubuhanga bwa tekinike igezweho, bihuye nabyo mu nyubako, ntabwo byasabye impinduka zikomeye ku gisenge kandi gitanga urumuri rusanzwe n'umwuka mwiza. Kandi iteka ihimbaza Umuremyi wacyo.
Ibigo byongera ubushyuhe bufite imitungo ya Windows muburyo butandukanye. Rero, velux muri uyu mwaka washyikirije urukiko rwabaguzi igisekuru gishya cya Mansard, kwiyongera kuzigama ingufu zagerwaho binyuze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikubye kabiri ryakozwe mu ikoranabuhanga rya "rishyushye". Inzozi zemewe ziva mumadirishya gakondo-yatsinzwe, ntabwo zirimo umuyoboro utandukana, ahubwo ni Ikadiri yo gutandukana (nubushyuhe, nkuko bizwi, inshuro 12 munsi ya aluminiyumu). Byongeye kandi, iyi crade irakomeye, ntabwo igabanyamo ibice. Ibisubizo by'ibibazo bivamo kwimura ubushyuhe bwidirishya ryose Rose kugera kuri 0.7 M2C / W-Glacey ipakiye (igeragezwa kuri -55c). Kuva muri uyu mwaka, Okko na yo yatangiye gukoresha imashini nshya yikirahure yakozwe nikoranabuhanga rya TPS. Muri rusange, ibyuma muri rusange biriyemo, ahubwo bikoresha amatrivite polymer polymer hamwe nubuso bwubuhanga buke bugizwe nigice cyikirahure kandi kigabanya amahirwe yo guhuza ubushuhe ku nkombe yidirishya ( Ro kabiri-barker 0.64m2c / w).
Muri Windows inshuro ebyiri zashyizwe mubikorwa byibanze (ubukungu bwinshi), ibigo byose bikoresha ikirahure gisanzwe. Ibicuruzwa bihenze cyane cyane ababikora bakoresha ikirahure cyera, hafi inshuro 4 zikomeye. Kandi itumvikana: Idirishya riteganijwe kwihanganira imitwaro imwe nkigisenge. Mubyongeyeho, ikirahure kirababaje gifite umutekano: mugihe kimeneka, kitatanye mubice bito bitatemye.
Kugirango wongere umutekano kandi utezimbere "ihuza" ryidirishya, birasabwa gukoresha gatatu nkikirahure cyo hanze. Kurugero, kurugero, hashyizweho ibirahure bibiri bya milimeter, hagati ya firime irwanya umucyo "yanditswe". Ndetse yamenetse, idirishya nk'iryo ku nkomoko ntabwo rivunika, ariko ridasigara mu gufungura, rifite film. Byongeye kandi wongere umusaruro urwanya ubujura wigishushanyo "Anti-vandel" ibirahuri bigizwe nibirahuri bibiri byimisozi bitandukanijwe na firime ya ShockProof. FAKRO NINUMUMO MUNSI-AMAFARANGA YASOHOTSE HAMWE NA TRIPLEX (23) muri TERMO YESMO Windows. Velux na Roto itanga Windows ebyiri-yanditseho eshatu hamwe na triplex gusa.
Umushahara. Kugirango ushireho ikadiri hejuru yinzu, igishushanyo kidasanzwe gikoreshwa, gigenewe guhuza amadirishya ya giti hamwe nibikoresho byo gusakara, abitwa umushahara. Afite uruhare runini mu kagereza mu idirishya, kubera ko ari gahunda y'amazi. Niyo mpamvu ibisabwa byibanze kugirango bact bact nibyiza cyane kubwoko bwakoreshejwe ibikoresho. Igikorwa cyakemutse ukoresheje imyirondoro yikigereranyo kidasanzwe, kashe iherereye mugice cyo hejuru no kumpande zo mu idirishya, hanyuma uyobore Apron hepfo (yerekana amazi kumushahara hejuru yinzu). Umushahara ukozwe mubintu bimwe nkuko urumuri ruri kumurongo, kuva aluminium. Ku gisenge, umushahara ni uko utagaragara, kubera ko impande zose zihishe igice no gusakara.
Kugirango umushahara mwiza uko bishoboka kose hejuru yinzu, abakora bose batanga ubwoko butandukanye bwubwoko bwabo, kandi buri sosiyete yemeje uburyo bwo gutondekanya. Muburyo burambuye bwo kugabana, amahitamo 2 gusa kumishahara arashobora gutangwa: kubikoresho byo gusakara byoroshye (nka tin, umuringa, ibishushanyo mbonera, ibishushanyo mbonera, nibindi byinshi Birakwiye gushiraho ibikoresho hamwe nuburebure ubwo aribwo bwose. VNI uburyo burambuye bwo guhitamo umushahara birashobora kugaragara nkibi:
- Kumpapuro zoroshye (ubunini bwumuhengeri - 0);
- Kuri bitumen yoroheje nibikoresho bifite uburebure bwumuraba kugera kuri 8mm;
- Ku burebure bugera kuri 16mm;
- Kuburebure bugera kuri 30mm;
- Kuburebure burenze 30mm.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko onnduline itanga umushahara rusange wa Windows, ushobora gushyirwaho hejuru yinzu haba ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bivuye mu gitsina.
Ukurikije amacakubiri muburyo, mugiciro urutonde rwibiciro, umushahara ugenerwa umurongo wihariye, ni ukuvuga ko bagurisha nkaho batandukanye na Windows ubwabo. Ibi bivuze ko umuguzi yabanje ahitamo idirishya ryatingiye, ubwoko bwo gufungura nubunini, hanyuma umushahara uhwanye nibikoresho byo gusakara, nyuma yibyo "ibikoresho". Menya ko umushahara wibikoresho byo gusakara bihenze kuruta igorofa. Kandi hejuru yumuhengeri wibikoresho byo gusakara, igiciro cyo hejuru, cyabazwe (reba kumeza).
Na none, ntabwo abakora bose batanze umushahara wa aluminium. Okoko akemuye idirishya ryayo kumushahara mubintu bya polymer bifite hejuru kurenza alumini, irwanya ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, umushahara "Okko" Emerera gushingira idirishya ryo guhuza agasanduku k'idirishya ukoresheje ishoramari ryinshi ryamafaranga (urugero, sisitemu idasanzwe yo gushyushya kuva ku idirishya byibuze $ 160). Umushahara ubwawo (Ubwoko PL) yagenewe gushyirwaho ibikoresho byo gusakara, kandi kugirango "ihuza" umushahara umwe ujya hejuru yinzuki "okko" gusaba kugura ibintu bidasanzwe (andika R).
N'ubwoko bumwe bw'imishahara, budashobora kuvugwa gusa, ni umushahara w'inzu hejuru y'inguni. Windows yose yagenewe kwishyiriraho hejuru yinzu ifite inzengu byibuze 15 (ndetse no kuri moderi zimwe, ntabwo ari munsi ya 20), zifitanye isano cyane na 20) itangwa ryamatafari. Kugirango ushyire hejuru yinzu hamwe no kubogama muto, batanga umushahara wihariye, bakemerera kongera inguni yindege yindege na 10-12 (muri roto-15) kandi, jya mubisabwa urutonde rwinguni. Ufakro nubwoko bwa laa, ku mutungo - ubwoko Eaz na EAW, Roto-Ubwoko "+15". Birakwiye ko umushahara nka 3 uhenze kuruta uko bisanzwe. Imikoreshereze yacyo ifite ishingiro kubisenge ifite inguni yimfumvtion kuva 15-20 kugeza 35, kubera ko bituma bishoboka kunoza uburyo bwo gusuzuma. Ku mfungo, imyaka irenga 35, gukoresha iyo mishahara ntibikwiye, kubera ko bigaragara ko bitakiriho no kumurika icyumba kigwa.
FAKRO, bitewe nibibazo nibikenewe, bituma bishoboka guhitamo imwe mu nzego eshatu z'uburebure bwo kwishyiriraho amadirishya yacyo mu ndege y'inzu: Ibipimo, na 3 byimbitse kuruta amahame. Abahanga mu by'ibanze bavuga ko idirishya ryimbitse ku idirishya (-6 cm) ryemerera kunoza ubushyuhe hagati yacyo nigisenge, kimwe no kunoza isura yimiterere, ifite akamaro cyane cyane mugihe cyo gukoresha igorofa Amavuta yo gusakara. Nukuri, mugihe rwose biragoye gusubiza, ubuzima bwuruhanga ni buto cyane.
Hanze y'umuringa. Biragaragara ko umushahara wa aluminium hejuru yinzu, yuzuye umuringa, utatanga amashanyarazi ya electrolytic mugihe ibikoresho bihuye nibirungo bya electrochemike "bizarya" umushahara. Kubwibyo, ku gisenge cy'umuringa, abakora benshi batanze n'imishahara ku muringa. Batwaye amadorari 65 arenga. Byongeye kandi, ibigo byose bitanga imishahara y'umuringa bigurishwa na Windows hamwe n'umuringa w'umuringa. Batwaye impuzandengo ya $ 50 ihenze cyane. Umushahara uturutse mubikoresho bya polymeric muriyi myumvire ni rusange - birashobora gushyirwaho nta kibazo no ku gisenge cy'umuringa.
Uburyo bwo gufungura no kwerekana icyitegererezo
"Idirishya rya kera rya Manserard. UmANAZAD Windows Usibye uw'ibisanzwe, uburyo bwo gufungura ni igitambaro kizunguruka ku nkombe zidasanzwe, zishyizwe ku mashyaka yayo, hafi hagati mu burebure. Ikibanza nkibi hamwe nibishushanyo mbonera bituma Sash ifunguye kugirango uhore mumwanya wamazi yimvura agwa kumurongo hanze yindege hamwe nigisenge; gufungura Sash, tugabanya inguni yiyi miterere no hepfo yanyuma sash ahita ajya mumahanga).Igishushanyo mbonera cya station kigufasha kuzenguruka mubyukuri kuzunguruka 180 (Fakro), 160 (velux) cyangwa 135 (roti) no gukosora muri uyu mwanya (kuva Velux, Osuline, Osuline, Osuline, Osuline, Onnduline akoresheje valve yubatswe, Nibishobora no gufunga kuzunguruka mumwanya wa Ajit gato, kubuza amahirwe yo gufungura hanze). Kuki "guhinduka"? Nuburyo bushobora gukaraba kuruhande? Ntukave mu gisenge!
Ariko iyi mirimo yo guhagarika umutima ntabwo ananiwe. Ababikora hafi ya bose, bakwemerera gukosora idirishya mumwanya uwo ariwo wose wa Aitioner (urugero, Fakro ifite ingingo nkizo 7) cyangwa no gukuramo sash, nta gusebanya igishushanyo mbonera.
Ngomba kuvuga, igikoresho cya "Classic" monsard mu bigo byose gikora ku isoko ry'uyu munsi birasa, ariko buri wese ukora afite ibintu byacyo. Kandi ibi bintu bigaragarira muri byose, guhera kubishushanyo mbonera. Kurugero, kugirango ukureho sash, ibisubizo bitandukanye bya tekiniki biratangwa. Ahari ibintu byoroshye ni igisubizo cya Velux- kumatsa habaho intwari hari buto idasanzwe, ukanda kuri nde (kurugero, hamwe nikaramu) uhagarika ibice byikadiri. Ufakro igomba kuzunguruka umurongo 2 wo gufunga. Urot kugirango ukureho gufunga 2 no gukuraho inkoni idasanzwe. Uhereye kubindi bintu bikwiye kubona ko velux na roto bifite ibikoresho byonyine. Uroto itanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura umuvandimwe wa sash kumasanduku nyuma yo gushiraho idirishya. Kandi ugomba kumenya ibibi byose mbere, kuko ni wowe ugomba guhitamo abakora hamwe nibisubizo bya tekiniki byo guhitamo.
Roto na velux ntibagomba kuva mumavuta kuri hinge. Ibigega byo kureba serivisi Igishushanyo mbonera cya Velux gisa nkicyoroshye - ntakintu gikeneye kugoreka gukuramo sash. Uruhande rukomeye, igishushanyo mbonera cya FAKRO na roto bisa nkaho ari byiza kuruta umwana atazakuraho sash. Aeli Kubera amakosa yo kwishyiriraho cyangwa kuva mubushuhe. Kubaka ni itabi rito, idirishya rya roto rizaba "rikwiranye" ridasenyuka. Kandi urutonde rwibintu bitandukanijwe muburyo bwa Windows ntabwo bugarukira na gato.
Koresha gahunda. Gahunda yintoki ifungura idirishya ni ingingo yamakimbirane adasanzwe hagati yabakora. Amahitamo abiri: hepfo ya sash (fakro, onduline, roto) no hejuru (velux). Kandi buri wese muri bo afite ibyiza n'ibibi.
Ikiganza kiri hejuru (idirishya rirenze).
Ibyiza:
- Igufasha gushiraho idirishya uburebure bujyanye nubushakashatsi bwemewe, kurugero, kumuntu wicaye ku ntebe (ni ukuvuga kuri cm 90-100 kuva hasi).
- Ikiganza kiri kurwego rwa 1.85-22. Hamwe niyi procelation, urabigeraho byoroshye, kurambura ukuboko.
- Umwana ntashobora kugera ku ntoki no gufungura idirishya.
Ibidukikije:
- Niba idirishya ryatiti ari hejuru cyane hasi, ntuzahora ugera ku ntoki. Rero, ugomba gukoresha amafaranga yinyongera.
- Ururimi mumadirishya afunguye manserard ya manserard arashobora kuba yunamye gusa.
Igikoresho kiri hepfo (idirishya ni hejuru).
Ibyiza:
- Igihome cyoroshye umuntu ndetse no gukura gato.
- Ahantu hirengeye h'idirishya igufasha kongera umunwa wicyumba cyicyumba.
Ibidukikije:
- Niba hari indabyo kuri widirishya munsi yidirishya ryati, mugihe ufunguye idirishya, wahoraga uhagarika kubareka.
Ariko ingingo ntabwo iri muri plus yanditseho hamwe nibidukikije. Gahunda itandukanye yintoki ikubiyemo itandukaniro mubisabwa kugirango ushyire Windows muburebure. Ibikurikira, twavuze.
Velux (Tegereza hejuru):
"Ingano yubunini no gushyira idirishya bigomba kuba bigaragara kandi biranga anthropometric kandi anthropometric nibiranga idirishya ridakwiye kuba munsi yicyago, hamwe nubwicanyi bwerekana Umuntu afite umurenge wa Ferris byibuze 15 hamwe na idirishya rifunguye. "
Roto (gukemura hepfo):
Ati: "Kugirango tumenye neza idirishya ryishusho hamwe namazi yo hagati haba kumuvuduko mwinshi kandi wihuta, turasaba gushyiramo umurongo wo kuzunguruka idirishya ryimitwe. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe gusuzuma uburebure bwa cm 180. Hamwe niyi nyubako, ndetse n'abantu benshi barashobora gukoresha idirishya badahuje. Inyungu yinyongera yuburyoha bwidirishya ryatiti ni uko hariho urumuri rwinshi mucyumba, kandi idirishya ryo hepfo riboneka hejuru, ribuza ibishoboka byo kugwa muri byo. Icyitegererezo cya Windows hamwe na axis yo hejuru yo gufungura birashobora gushirwa munsi yicyitegererezo hamwe no gufungura. "
Muri rusange, ibibazo aho ikiganza kizaba kiri kandi uburebure buzabaho gufungura idirishya, mugihe duhitamo Windows yidiko ni ngombwa. Kandi ugomba kubasubiza mubushishozi bwawe.
Ibikoresho. Kuri Windows ya Attic, ibikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa, bitandukanye cyane nibikoresho bya Windows isanzwe. Igishushanyo cyacyo kuri buri sosiyete nicyo, uwabikoze azi ko azi - uburyo kandi atamamaza cyane. Hamwe nikibazo cyoroshye, ikaramu nigihome cyayobowe nacyo, ikosora ikadiri ingingo imwe, kimwe nubwicanyi bwubatswe kandi, birumvikana, guhagarika umutima. Vni ibintu byiza cyane ni sisitemu yo gufunga. Rero, Roto itanga Windows ya Mansard hamwe ningingo ebyiri, eshatu na ane zifunga.
Gutwara no guhumeka. Idirishya rya Mansera ifunguye ritanga guhumeka kurushaho kuruta ibisanzwe, umugezi wumuyaga ushyushye uva mucyumba hejuru yumurongo ufunguye. Byongeye kandi, ibirunga ntirishobora guhura kandi ntibikubangamire. Ubundi buryo bwo gukora ibicuruzwa byashyizwe mumwanya wakiriwe hamwe nigitoki (benshi mubakora bahinduye byinshi) cyangwa urugwiro rwubatswe. Fakro, roto na velux batekereje kandi uburyo bwo gutegura inzira yo guhumeka ifite idirishya rifunze: Muri byinshi mu buryo bufunze, igikoresho cya gihuha gitangwa na valve ya labyrint iherereye hejuru yikadiri. Itanga ikirere cyo guhana kuva 25 (Fakro) kugeza kuri 39M3 / H (velux), cyumvikana neza hamwe nibisabwa nibyangombwa.
Ahantu hagaragara umwanda udasanzwe wasabwe murugero rushya rwa idirishya rya V8 "Okko". Ntabwo "yashyizwemo" kuruhande, ariko yashyizwe kumurongo hejuru. Ventilator ubwayo ikozwe muri plastiki kandi ifite amashanyarazi adakoresha sensor yikora (iterambere rishya rya sosiyete y'Abafaransa Aereco). Iyi sensor irakingura cyangwa ifunga umuyobozi uyobora bitewe nurwego rwubushuhe mucyumba (hejuru yubushuhe, niko icyuho gifunguye) bityo icyuho gifunguye) bityo ikinyuranyo kirakinguye) kugeza kuri 35m3 / h.
Rero, twasuzumye ibishushanyo bya Windows "Classic" binyuze muri axis yo hagati) aho "Onduline termo" igomba kwitirirwa (onduline), gzl na ggl na ggl), roto / ecoxline 339 na roto / alpine 439 (roto), sto na v8 (okko). Ariko guhitamo Windows mumasosiyete menshi "bya kera" biri kure yo kugarukira.
Ubwoko nibishushanyo bya mansard Windows yabakora ibintu bitandukanye
| Ubwoko bw'ikigo / Idirishya | Gushiraho inguni | Ikirahure cy'imbere | Intera iri hagati yubwoko bwa gazi | Ikirahure cyo hanze | Umubare wa Lacquer | Ro kabiri-grezed, m2c / w | Ro Windows, M2C / W. | Umubare wibice bya kashe | Umubare w'icura | Guhumeka valve / umubare wo gukosora. Koresha imyanya ya Ventilation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAKRO / Termo Sinart (FTS) | 15-89 | 4 mm i-ikirahure | 14mm- argon | 4 mm ikirahure | imwe | 0,66 | 0.55 | imwe | imwe | Oya / 7. |
| Fakro / Termo wongeyeho (FTP) | 15-89 | 4 mm i-ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4 mm ikirahure | 2. | 0,66 | 0,61 | 2. | imwe | Parike / 7. |
| Fakro / Termo lux (FTL) | 15-89 | Triplex 23mm hamwe na I-ikirahure | 16mmm Crypton | 4 mm ikirahure | 2. | 0,66 | 0, 65. | 2. | imwe | Parike / 7. |
| Roto / Ecoline 33 / Alpine 43 | 15-90. | 4 mm i-ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4 mm flot ikirahure / 4-mm | 2. | 0.77 | 0,61 | 2. | 1/3 | Ibibanza 2/2; 1 slot / 2 |
| Roto / alpine 73 inkwi / plastike | 20-65 | 4 mm i-ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4-mm | 2 / plastiki yera | 0.9 | 0.67 | 2. | 3. | No / 2. |
| Roto / alpine 84 inkwi / plastiki | 20-65 | 4 mm i-ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4-mm | 2 / plastiki yera | 0.9 | 0.67 | 3. | Bane | Oya / 2. |
| Velux / GZL. | 15-90. | 4 mm i-ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4 mm ikirahure | imwe | * | 0,7 | 2. | imwe | Vent 24m3 / h / icyaricyo cyose |
| Velux / ggl | 15-90. | Umupfumu 4 mm i-ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4 mm ikirahure | 2. | * | 0,7 | 3. | imwe | Vent Valve igera kuri 39M3 / H / icyaricyo cyose |
| Velux / GPL | 20-55 | Umupfumu 4 mm i-ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4 mm ikirahure | 2. | * | 0,7 | 3. | imwe | Vent Valve igera kuri 39M3 / H / icyaricyo cyose |
| Onduline / termo. | 20-90. | 4 mm ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4 mm ikirahure | 2. | * | 0.63. | imwe | imwe | Oya / 2. |
| Okko / sto | 20-90. | 4 mm ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4 mm ikirahure | 2. | 0.64. | * | imwe | 2. | Oya / 2. |
| Okko / v8 | 20-90. | 4 mm ikirahure | 16mmm argon | 4 mm ikirahure | 2. | 0.64. | * | imwe | 2. | Automatic. Vent Gushiraho-muri 3-30M3 / H / 2 |
| * - Uwabikoze ntabwo yerekana |
Idirishya hamwe na sisitemu yo gufungura. Urebye hanze binyuze muri "Classic" manArd, mubyukuri, utarohewe - "icyuho" hagati yikadiri na sash biragufi. Kurandura iyi myambake, abakora bakoze moderi hamwe na sisitemu yo gufungura. Windows nkiyi yafunguwe kumashoka abiri: kwerekana imirongo ya kera yuburebure no hejuru (itanga incamake myiza n "ingaruka za balcony"). Kuri "gushira" na "guhagarika" uburyo bwo gutangiza kumurongo wo hejuru muburyo, nkuko bisanzwe, hatangwa ninyongera na fakro hejuru ya sash, velux hepfo (roto yakemuye iki kibazo ntakibazo nta an ikiganza cy'inyongera). Iyo bifunze, sash irakingura nkuko bisanzwe - Muri axis yo hagati, mugihe idirishya rifunguye rifungura umurongo wo hejuru, uzamuka hamwe nigice cyo gukingira bisigaye kuri kadamu. Kimode ikora muri ubu buryo harimo FK (Fakro), GPL (VPLUX), roto / alpine 847 inkwi / plastike (roto). Hano hari byoroshye kandi, by, idirishya rihendutse idirishya rifungura gusa hejuru ya axis - roto / alpine 735 inkwi / plastike (roto).
Icyitegererezo hamwe no gufungura no gufungura umurongo wo hejuru murihame birashobora gukoreshwa nkigihe cyihutirwa hejuru yinzu. Ariko nibyiza kuriya ntego yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa byihariye - Windows kugirango yinjire byihutirwa hejuru yinzu (rimwe na rimwe yitwa kwiba, ntabwo ari ukuri, atari ukuri rwose) na Windows-Stact.
Ibipimo nigiciro cya Windows numushahara byababi batandukanye
| Firm / Model | Igiciro cya Windows numushahara, $, bitewe nubunini (ubugari), cm | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5578. | 5598. | 6698. | 66118. | 7898. | 78118. | 78140. | 78160. | 94118. | 94140. | 94160. | 114118. | 114140. | 13498. | 134140. | |
| Idirishya hamwe no gufungura gusa ("Classic" yo mu idirishya ryatiti) | |||||||||||||||
| FAKRO / Termo Sinart (FTS) | 160. | 165. | 185. | 192. | 186. | 200. | 220. | 243. | 225. | 244. | H. | 245. | 267. | 250. | H. |
| Fakro / Termo wongeyeho (FTP) | 205. | 220. | 225. | 240. | 230. | 255. | 275. | 300. | 285. | 305. | H. | 305. | 330. | 315. | H. |
| Fakro / Termo lux (FTL) | 255. | 275. | 290. | 300. | 300. | 325. | 355. | 390. | 370. | 400. | H. | 400. | 430. | 400. | H. |
| Roto / Ecoline 339 | 158. | 165. | H. | 191. | 183. | 197. | 217. | 240. | 227. | 244. | 261. | 242. | 264. | 252. | 298. |
| Roto / Alpine 439 | 188. | 193. | H. | 201. | 195. | 209. | 230. | H. | 244. | 256. | H. | 257. | 280. | 274. | H. |
| Velux / GZL. | 179. | H. | H. | 199. | 199. | 209. | 229. | 265. | H. | 285. | H. | 275. | 285. | H. | H. |
| Velux / ggl | 289. | H. | H. | 315. | 315. | 355. | 369. | 435. | H. | 425. | H. | 415. | 458. | H. | H. |
| Velux / ggu. | 359. | H. | H. | 375. | 375. | 399. | 432. | H. | H. | 536. | H. | 494. | 546. | H. | H. |
| Onduline / termo 6401030 | 170. | ||||||||||||||
| Okko / sto, harimo ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho | 6098- $ 145. | 115. | 169. | 189. | 208. | H. | H. | H. | 209. | 229. | H. | H. | |||
| Okko / v8, harimo ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho | 6098- $ 189. | 198. | 214. | 234. | 256. | H. | H. | H. | 257. | 273. | H. | H. | |||
| Idirishya hamwe na sisitemu yo gufungura hamwe | |||||||||||||||
| FAKRO / FKP (termo wongeyeho) | H. | H. | H. | H. | 320. | 348. | 375. | H. | 390. | 415. | H. | 415. | H. | H. | H. |
| FAKRO / FKL (termo lux) | H. | H. | H. | H. | 409. | 435. | 483. | H. | 502. | 527. | H. | 527. | H. | H. | H. |
| Roto / alpine 735k plastiki | 306. | 329. | H. | 342. | 335 * | 384 * | 398 * | X. | 406. | 424. | H. | 446. | 497. | H. | H. |
| Roto / alpine 735h igiti | 297. | 319. | H. | 332. | 325 * | 373 * | 386 * | H. | 394. | 412. | H. | 433. | 483. | H. | H. |
| Roto / alpine 847k / n plastike / igiti | 409. | 426. | H. | 486. | 479 * | 540 * | 591 * | H. | 596. | 640. | H. | 667. | 711. | H. | H. |
| Velux / GPL | H. | H. | H. | H. | H. | 539. | 581. | 675. | H. | 644. | H. | 644. | 685. | H. | H. |
| Umushahara | |||||||||||||||
| Fakro / ESV kubikoresho byo gusakara | 43. | 40. | 47. | 46. | 47. | mirongo itanu | 52. | 55. | 54. | 56. | H. | 57. | 59. | 55. | H. |
| FAKRO / EZV "KINDE" KUBIKORWA BIKURIKIRA | 54. | 56. | 61. | 61. | 62. | 70. | 78. | 75. | 78. | 78. | H. | 78. | 82. | 82. | H. |
| Fakro / ehv kubikoresho byinshi | 54. | 56. | 61. | 61. | 62. | 64. | 72. | 73. | 75. | 75. | H. | 77. | 81. | 82. | H. |
| Roto / Ecoline S kugirango amarimba asenge hamwe nuburebure bwa wave 0-8mm | 34. | 38. | H. | 43. | 42. | 45. | 47. | mirongo itanu | mirongo itanu | mirongo itanu | 54. | 52. | 54. | 47. | 58. |
| Roto / Ecoline Z yo Gukarangirira Ibisenge hamwe nuburebure bwa Wave 8-90mm | 54. | 57. | H. | 62. | 61. | 63. | 71. | 72. | 67. | 72. | 80. | 76. | 80. | 82. | 91. |
| Roto / alpine s, z | 62. | 65. | H. | 68. | 68. | 69. | 70. | H. | 72. | 74. | H. | 80. | 82. | X. | H. |
| Velux / EDH kubisaruwe bihurira | 64. | H. | H. | 71. | 73. | 75. | 83. | 90. | H. | 87. | H. | 89. | 93. | H. | H. |
| Velux / eds kubisakara hejuru | 47. | H. | H. | mirongo itanu | 51. | 55. | 57. | 60. | H. | 61. | H. | 62. | 64. | H. | H. |
| Onduline / termo 6401030 rusange | 62. | ||||||||||||||
| Okko / pl kubikoresho byo gusakara | 6098- $ 44. | 47. | 49. | 52. | 54. | H. | H. | H. | 55. | 56. | H. | H. | |||
| Okko / r-ishyirwaho kugirango ushire pl oclade kumwirondoro. Igisenge | 6098- $ 15. | cumi na batanu | cumi na batanu | cumi na batanu | cumi na batanu | H. | H. | H. | cumi n'icyenda | cumi n'icyenda | H. | H. | |||
| * - Ubugari bwa cm 74; X - Ubunini ntabwo bukorwa |
Ibyifuzo bimwe byo guhitamo no gushiraho mansard Windows
- Agace ka Mansard Windows kagomba kuba byibuze 1/10 cyo hasi yicyumba (snip 2.08.01-89). Ibisabwa byose kuri Windows ya Mansard byerekanwe mu masaha 30734-2000.
- Kurema ikwirakwizwa ryikirere rikwiye, ahantu h'imbere mu idirishya rigomba kuba riri ku buryo ahagarara hasi ari perpendericular mu ndege y'igorofa, hamwe n'indege yo hejuru ya Ceka. Umuyoboro wo gushyushya urasabwa gushyirwaho munsi yidirishya ryati (rizirinda guhuza imyuka y'amazi ku kirahure). Ntabwo bisabwa gushyira ibikoresho byose munsi yidirishya ryati (velux hamwe na nyuma ntibyemera kandi byemera ko mugihe ukoresheje isaha yo gufungura munsi yidirishya, urashobora kwinjizamo ibikoresho).
- Windows Inganda zifasha kurema intera imwe kuva kurukuta kugirango ikibuga cyo mu kirere gisigaye (abakora bamwe basabwa ko habaho idirishya ritoroshye, ariko bafite umwobo uhamye), utanga amahirwe yo guhinduranya kwuzuye.
- Idirishya rito (urugero, cm 78) zirashobora gushirwa hejuru yinzu ifite inguni nini. Hamwe nuburuhukiro muto, Windows yo hejuru irakwiriye - ntoya yimfuti yo kwifuza igisenge, niko hagomba kubaho cyane hagomba kubaho idirishya rya stic. Kubahiriza iri hame bigufasha gukomeza agace keza ko gufungura urumuri kurwego ruhoraho.
- Windows cyane ya attic yashyizwe mu gufungura hagati ya rafters. Kandi ubugari bwumuyaga mubisanzwe bwatoranijwe ukurikije intambwe yabo. Abakora bamwe (usibye velux) basaba ko bagena amadirishya atari gusa, ariko nanone byasabwe kugura sisitemu idasanzwe yo gufunga (hamwe na FAKRO Idirishya, uburyo bwo guhindagurika), biroroshye cyane Kwishyiriraho no kugabanya uburemere bwakazi, kandi kandi ntibemerera ko bidashoboka "guhambira" ubugari bwamadirishya yidirishya kumutwe wimyenda.
- Hamwe na horizontal "guhuza" kwa Windows muri sisitemu ihuriweho, uburebure bwabo bugomba kuba bumwe, ariko ubugari burashobora gutandukana. Iyo "bishimishije" bihagaritse, ubugari bwamadirishya, kubinyuranye nabyo, bigomba kuba bimwe, kandi bitandukana - bitandukanye.
- Niba ukeneye kwinjizamo amadirishya arenga atatu muri sisitemu yashyizwe ahagaragara, ugomba guhitamo ubunini bwabo kugirango hakiri intera ikwiye hagati yintara yometseho ahantu hatuje mubwubatsi.
Idirishya ryibisenge byihutirwa. Ihame, iyi niyo witike imwe yishusho yashyizwe kumushahara umwe. Ariko sisitemu yo gufungura iratandukanye: ubwayo kuri we-Model Fe, ifite ibikoresho bifite abafite, amakanuka yacyo kigufasha kuzamura sash hamwe na fakro (94140 cm, $ 64123; 114140 cm- $ 755-807, ukurikije iyicwa Plus cyangwa Lux) cyangwa kuva kuri EKER Models Fw kuva kuri FW (6618; $ 246- 300, bitewe nicwa rya Plus cyangwa Lux, wongeyeho Umushahara- $ 61), Roto Da 2 uhereye kuri cm ya roto (5485, igiciro - $ 224). Sash yidirishya hamwe no gufungura kuruhande birashobora kwiyongera haba ibumoso n'iburyo. Mu bihe byanduye, ibicuruzwa nkibi bifite ibikoresho bya gaze, bikaba, byorohereza gufungura sash, no ku rundi ruhande, birinda inkoni idasanzwe. Ibiranga ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi isura nziza igufasha gukoresha iyi moderi munzu yo gutura.
Idirishya. Bagenewe igisenge kidasanzwe zisohoka kandi zishyizwe mubyumba bitagerwaho. Bafite umushahara wubatswe hamwe numupfundikizo ushobora gufungurwa kandi ushyirwa muriyi myanya ukoresheje ikiganza cyangwa kugabanywa saa 180. Ibyo bintu bitangwa nibigo bine. Ufakro igifuniko gikozwe muri polycarbonate-moderi ws (5475 cm- $ 150; 8686 cm- $ 230). U7UX nicyitegererezo cya GVT hamwe numushahara wubatswe (5483 cm- $ 219). Mufirma Onduline-yamaze kuvuga idirishya rya polyurethane "ondulin euro" (5264 cm- $ 150), mu kirere kidafite ikirahuri gikiza ingufu hamwe na 0.4 M2C / W). Uroto-Model Lucarno 210 (4555- $ 125; 4573- $ 120).
Guhuzwa, Windows ya Cornice na Windows-UPS. Ibiranga ibiryo bya kanseri bigizwe na Windows ya Mansard bigarukira mubunini bwakarere kanini muribo ntizirenga 1,6m2. Kubwibyo, idirishya rimwe na rimwe ntigishobora guhaza icyifuzo cyo kumurika umwanya. Ongera kumuzinga muburyo butandukanye.
imwe. Kugura no gushiraho Windows imwe. Ariko, ubu buryo bufite ibibi bibiri bikomeye:
- Hagati ya Windows hari intera yingenzi itemerera kugera kubumwe bwimiterere yidirishya;
- Igishushanyo mbonera kiragoye, biragoye gushira no gusakara ibikoresho hagati ya Windows.
2. Gura umushahara udasanzwe "uhuriweho" numubare uhuye na Windows urayishyiraho (mubisanzwe intera iri hagati ya Windows ni cm 10). Umushahara wa Bottish, Windows ya Mansard irashobora guhuzwa mumatsinda: itambitse, ihagaritse kandi ihujwe. Umushahara nkuyu utange roto, velux na fakro muburyo bukabije bwo guhitamo. Igiciro cyumushahara uhuriweho kibarwa nkigiciro cyumubare usabwa wongeyeho 15-20%.
Kugirango ukomeze kwagura urwego rwo guhuza Windows, isosiyete roto, naho inyuma ntabwo hashize igihe kinini na fakro itanga idirishya ryumuriro. Igenewe kwishyiriraho muri couple hamwe nidirishya risanzwe, ariko ntiragashyirwa mu ndege y'inzu, ariko mu ndege. Mu bibiri, igice kimwe gishobora gukorwa, kandi icya kabiri ni igipfamatwi, kigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyikiguzi cyose. Umushahara udasanzwe ukoreshwa mugushiraho "byombi".
Inyongera enseramd izafasha amadirishya mato n'irukirano cyangwa ibice. Indima yo mukamayoka no gushushanya - inyungu zidashidikanywaho zikibazo. Nibyo, igiciro cya Windows nkicyo kirashimishije cyane.
Kuzamura ikoreshwa rya Windows bizafasha izindi mikoro zitangwa nabakora bose. Ibitabo birimo ibice bitandukanye bifasha (inkoni n'umugozi) no kugenzurwa kure byo gufungura Windows ($ 200-1000, bitewe na "ibibazo byizuba), kimwe na 1 $2), ubushyuhe- Kwirengagiza ($ 60-65 kuri 1m2) na $ 70 kuri 1M2), impumyi ($ 40-50 kuri 1M2). Ntabwo ari bibi kongera inzitiramubu (kuva PVC cyangwa fiberglass) iyobora kugirango bashyirwe nimbere ($ 100-130 kuri 1m2).
Hariho kandi ibikoresho byinshi byuzuza umutekano wibikorwa numutekano bya Windows kuva Hacking: Encsormer, Imvura, Umuyaga ucunga ushinzwe gutunganya hagati), gufunga (birinzwe na an Gufungura udashaka amadirishya y'abana - hafi $ 20) hamwe n'imiti ya 250 -400 kuri 1m2, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa disiki).
Abanditsi bashimira sosiyete roto frank, Fakro, velux, onnduline, onnduline na Okko kugirango bafashe mugutegura ibikoresho.
