Vazhinji vari kushamisika kana zvichiita kuvaka munguva yechando. Iwe unogona, uye maviri ezvidhinha uye nedzimba dzimba. Chinhu chikuru ndechekutevedzera matekinoroji ekuvaka pane kuderera tembiricha yatichaudza.
Mufananidzo: Andrei Shevchenko, Kambani Yekuvaka "Garant-Stroy"
Zvinoita here kuvaka panguva yekutonhora? Mafungiro evano nyanzvi anoderedzwa kusvika kune zvinotevera: Zvinogoneka, asi chete kana zvichinyatsotarisa mitemo yechando inogadzirisa tekinoroji. MuSweden neFinland, iyo inongofanana nematunhu mazhinji eRussia, "kusingafungidzirwi" kusingaenzaniswi "kwakasimba kwenguva refu kuve kwakajairika. Vakai huni (kusanganisira chimiro) madziro, zvinodarika uye zvigaro zvimisikidzo, pamwe nekukwira kwakawedzera facades zvine mwero chando hachipindire. Pakupisa kweMinus kwakaoma kushanda nekongiri, haina kunyatsoita kuti irambe yakachena zvidhinha uye kugarisa tile inochinja, hazvigoneke plaster uye kupedzisa masaga nebwe kana tile.
Kana zvikafungidzirwa kumisa basa kwenguva chando, saka nzvimbo yekuvaka inofanira kumanikidzwa: kuvhara uye yakaiswa denga renguva pfupi. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Maitiro ekudururira iyo hwaro mune chando
Anowedzera-frosty anowedzera anowedzerwa kune kongiri, pamwe nevapurasitiki kuti vawedzere kuyerera kwezvinhu uye zvinhu, zvichikurudzira seti yesimba. Mufananidzo: Plitonit.
Hwaro hweimba ndiyo nheyo, iyo inowanzogadzirwa kongiri. Pakupisa pazasi 5 ° C, iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga nzira dzakakosha kuConsrete. Mumwe wavo ndiko kushandiswa kwemhinduro yekupiswa. Mukugadzirira kwavo kugadzirira, mvura, jecha uye ibwe rakapwanyika rinopiswa. Mune ino kesi, tembiricha yekongiri haifanire kupfuura 40 ° C uye iva pazasi 20 ° C, zvimwe zvisizvo kufamba kwayo kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Basa remugadziri - kuita ruzha rwunodziya nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kunzvimbo yekuvaka. Mutengo wekongiri yakadaro kongiri inosvika makumi matatu muzana yakakwirira ichienzaniswa nezhizha. Kuve nechokwadi chekuchiva mamiriro ezvinhu kune seti yesimba, kongiri inodururwa mune yakasarudzika chigadziko uye ichipinda mufomu basa.
Kana uchikwenya Windows nemapuranga uye usaite pombi, usaite pasina polyurethane foam, hunhu hukuru hwezvichando-pfupa, kuburitsa uye density. Mufananidzo: "Systems-Pro"
Imwe sarudzo ndeyekushandisa kongiri inotonhora mune iyo frost-inodzivirira-yekudzivirira (inowedzera) yakaunzwa, inodzikisa mvura inotonhora uye inokurumidza simba re siment. Kazhinji kazhinji, zvinhu zvakavakirwa pane sodium nitrite, kabhoni dioxide, sodium chloride inoshandiswa sekuwedzera kwakadaro. Izvo zvakakosha kutarisa zvakanyatsoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekongiri uye chinoramba chinowedzera. Kana zvinhu zvisina kukwana, kongiri ichatanga kusimuka uye maitiro ekuumbwa kwetwe wekuva anorega.
Compact kongiri yemusanganiswa inovimbisa kugoverwa yunifomu yeAnderrosal inowedzera mulume yehuwandu hwemusanganiswa. Mufananidzo: Kusika.
Nguva yechando inguva chaiyo yekucheka chechi, iyo yakapa iyo huru inodzikira. Yekurova yekudyara seams inokodzera kushandisa tepi jute. Mufananidzo: "Lona Boka"
Iko kushandiswa kwechando-kuramba-kupesana nekuroverera kunobvumidza kushanda kwekushisa kwemhepo kusvika -25 Naizvozvo, kune akati wandei ekurambidzwa pakushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi. Nekudaro, kongiri ine maAntiorrosal anowedzera haagone kushandiswa mune zvisikwa zvisati zvaitika, pamwe nezvivakwa zvine musoro. Kana sodium chloride kana calcium chlorie zviito zviito zvemabatanidzwa, saka kongiri yakadaro isingakwanisi kudzikisira kana kusimbisa kana kuti zvidimbu zvekuchengetedza zvisina kuchengetedzwa pasina kudzivirira, uye kuzvishandisa kuvaka zvinhu zvechivako, pamusoro iyo isingatenderwi.
Musanganiswa wekongiri neAntiorrosal anowedzera kuyamwa pane fekitori (iyo avhareji mutengo pamwe chete neyekutakura mukati memakumi mana emari - kubva pa150 rubles. Per 1 m3), uye iwe unogona kuzviita iwe, kana, kana, izvo, ndizvo inodikanwa zvishoma kana kubvumidzwa kuiswa pasi kuzadza hwaro. Zvese zvinowedzera zvinotengeswa mumapakeji nemirairo, kutevedzera iyo inoshanda seiyi kiyi yekugadzira yakasimba monolitic. Mashandisiro Aungaita ne "Cold" kongiri? Misa inoiswa mune iyo fomu yekugadzira uye compact. Tembiricha yemusanganiswa mushure mekunge chisimbiso chinofanira kupfuura kupisa kwekunze kwemhinduro dzemvura dzekunze dzinosvika 5 ° C. Pamusoro pekongiri, haina kudzivirirwa nemabasa emafomu, yakafukidzwa kuti udzivise kunyorova. Congcrete inochengetwa pasi pekugara kusvikira passocable simba rasvika.
Zvishoma mafomuwork iri nyore kuunganidza, asi haidzivirire kongiri kubva kuchitonhora. Mufananidzo: IZBA DE LUXE
Naizvozvo, shandisa iyo nguva yechando musanganiswa, iyo inopiwa nemuvhareji pombi
Tevere, iyo reruzivo ribbon yakavharwa neyekukakavara pvc firimu kuti udzivise kudonha uye kudzikisira kurasikirwa kwekupisa kongiri
Pakushata tembiricha (kubva ku + 1 ° C kusvika -3 ° C), unogona kuzadza iyo base slab. Panguva imwecheteyo yakadururwa uye yakatsika jecha pilo
Gomo rechipiri-mwero wekusimbisa
Yakaiswa kongiri ine anti-frosty anowedzera
Zvakangodaro, hwaro hwenheyo munguva yechando ndiwo maitiro ekutambudza uye nguva ichidya. Mutengo wekukura ma trenches kana kudzikisira kuri kukura zvakanyanya, nekuti kunyange kune chinowedzera, denderedzwa revhu rinopomerwa rinogona kugadzira dambudziko rakakura. Kugovera trenches manually zvakanyanya kuoma: Pasi rinoda kudonhedza scrap. Hazvina basa kudzisa kudziya kwake mabheji, uye chishandiso chetende rinopisa kubva mufirimu richave rakadhura zvakanyanya.
Nzira dzakadai dzechando dzinobvumirana, dzakadai seyemagetsi kupisa kwemusanganiswa uye kuiswa kweiyo thermossa fomu yekunyora, inodhura uye isingazviremekedze mukuvaka kwakavanzika.
Semamwe mikana yekuita kongiri, zvinokwanisika kukurudzira uchishandisa nekukurumidza-chiyero pile-screw nheyo ine scaperer pendi. Ichokwadi, ichangoenderana neyakajeka (furemu, braused) zvivakwa zvine hupenyu hwekuverengerwa hwebasa risingapfuuri makore makumi matanhatu.
Vakai madziro ezvishandiso zvakadai sechiputi chivharo uye cerrzite-kongiri block, unogona. Chokwadi, zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvidimbu zvinokohwa uye zvidimbu zve masoncred zvakafukidzwa uye zvisina kugadzirwa pamusoro pezvinyorwa. Uye zvakare, kuumbwa kwemhinduro kwakakosha kwazvo. Kufarira kunofanirwa kupihwa kune yakasarudzika nguva yechando inonamatira uye yakasarudzika mashizha musanganiswa. Mufananidzo: "Hebl-Block"
Pane zvivakwa zvekongiri
Concrete uye Sononry Solution ndiyo inonyanya kutambudzika zvakanyanya mukuvakwa kwechando. Pakupisa kwakashata, mvura yaive mumhando yavo inotanga kusunungura. Mune ino kesi, iyo mvura inowedzera muvhoriyamu ne9%, uye kudzvinyirira kuri kukura muPore kunoparadza chimiro chemusanganiswa usina kuomeswa. Chando chine njodzi chaiyo nyowani kongiri. Mushure mekusvika 50% simba, pesvedzero yekudziya yakaderera haina kukosha. Zvakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti huwandu hwekongiri hwekongiri zvishoma nezvishoma, kunze kwemaitiro eiyo simende hydration - Exothermic, kuitira kuti musanganiswa unozeza pachako.
Ceramzite concrete block. Mufananidzo: "SEMENT PLUSS"
Zvimiro zvezvidhinha zvezvidhinha
Pane nzira mbiri huru dzezvidhina pane yakaderera tembiricha - "kutonhora" uye kushandiswa kwezvakakosha zvinowedzera. Iyo yakakosha yeiyo yekutanga iri seinotevera. Chimiro cheShement-Sandy Solement Kuve Nekudziya Kwakanaka panguva yebasa, munguva pfupi inosungira muzvisviniro uye zvinonyanya kuomesa muchirimo mushure mechiratidzo chemapipi, pamwe panguva yechando uye chitubu chemitambo. Saka kuti tembiricha yemhinduro yakanga isina nguva yekuwira pasi peiyo yakaverengerwa, masonry anotungamira akakurumidza kumhanya. Iyo mhinduro yakagadzirirwa inofanira kudyiwa kwemaminetsi makumi maviri nemashanu.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoenderana nepfungwa yekuti kuiswa kwenzira yekusununguka kuri nani kusatungamira. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti neyakakurumidza kutonhora kwemasonry mune seams, musanganiswa webhuruu uye jecha rakaumbwa nechando. Mhinduro yacho munguva pfupi iri kutevera inorasikirwa neplasitiki, seamsals inosara yakakwana, uye kana tywing, ivo vanopwanya mhepo yekutungamira, iyo inogona kutungamira kushungurudzika uye kusimbisa simba uye kusimbisa simba uye kugadzikana kwechimiro.
Iyo yakatemwa ceramic unit inogona kuiswa pane inoyevedza mhinduro pane tembiricha yemhepo isina kuderera pane -5 ° C. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Iyo nzira yechipiri inosanganisira iyo yekutanga kune mhinduro yeakakosha ekuwedzera, kukurudzira maitiro emakemikari eiyo simenti achiomesa. Kutenda kwavari, inguva yekuwana simba pakupisa kwakashata (kusvika -10 ° C). Asi zvinorambidzwa, sezvazvakaita se "kutonhora" kongiri, kunowanikwawo. Kunyanya, kushandiswa kwemhinduro nemaAntiorrosal anowedzera kunogona kutungamira mukuonekwa kweanopfuura kupfuura kumberi kweiyo masonry. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwemusanganiswa wakadai weimwe mhando yetambo zvimiro zvinofanirwa kurongwa neiyo sangano reprojekiti.
Denga remwaka
Iyo SHEFTER SHEMA Munguva yechando inogona kuvakwa kubva kune chero zvinhu. Asi zvimiro zvematanda zvinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya. Sezvo na -20 ... -25 ° bui yezvinonyorova zvakasikwa inova isina kusimba, kubatanidzwa kweiyo rafter kunomiririra mamwe matambudziko - muti unogona kupa grock. Naizvozvo, zviri nani kuita basa rekugadzira sistimu yehure kune kupisa kwakanyanya. Sedenga remba, iwe unogona kushandisa chero zvigadzirwa kunze kwebhurumu matombo.
Paunenge uchiisa denga remasement-jecha mataira, madhiri ezvinyorwa izvo zvinogoverwa zvakanyanyisa mundege ye skate, zvekuti panguva yekushanda hazvifambe zvigadzirwa panguva yekushanda. Mufananidzo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Kutarisa kunotanga kubva kuCornice Tile, iyo yakatarwa ne screws uye anti-confer mesmers
Side (Frontal) tile makoramu anoenderana nekumanikidza kusanganisa.
AFE PLAPANSI Aeroe Element, mushandi wedenga remhepo
Nguva yechando inokwira foam
Kune nguva yechando, zhizha uye mwaka-mwaka-sosi pamusika. Foam yechando inogona kuve inoratidzwa yekuwedzera, nekuti inobvumidzwa kushandisa pakupisa kubva ku -10 ° C (muhuwandu hwevanogadzira kubva -25 ° C) kusvika -30 ° C. Munguva yechando, kunyorova kwakaderera, uye kuumbwa kunoda kunyorova. Foam yechando inosiyana nezhizha izvo zvinoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kunyangwe neisina kukodzera kusununguka. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utarise ruzivo kune iyo iyo iyo tembiricha yemhanza inofanira kunge iri, nekuti mazhinji ezvinyorwa zvisati zvaitika zvinofanirwa kupiswa. Vamwe vagadziri vanovimbisa kuti yavo foam inogona kushandiswa pa -20 ° C, asi mhanza inofanira kudziyirwa. Mune ino kesi, iwe hauchave nenguva yekushandisa mhanza yese, sezvo ichakurumidza kutonhorera. Hatifanirwe kukanganwa kuti peni yechando ishe yesherufu muhupenyu muchidimbu pane zhizha.Kuvakwa kweimba yemapuranga munguva yechando
Chimiro chehurongwa hwakagadzirwa nedanda rakaoma vanotya mvura uye humbe dzakakwirira, kwete chando. Mufananidzo: "SEMENT PLUSS"
Dzora kuderera kweiyo nyowani nyowani inodiwa mwedzi wega wega mwedzi miviri, kusanganisira munguva yechando. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa kuti ugadzirise screw varidzi vega uye tarisa kuti haina kuoneka pamadziro emafungiro, haana kutungamirwa. Mufananidzo: Andrei Shevchenko, Kambani Yekuvaka "Garant-Stroy"
Imba yeiyo danda rakatenderedzwa rinogadzirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu efekitori (a), zvinokwanisika kuvaka bhokisi pachiitiko ichi muzhizha uye munguva yechando. Mufananidzo: Vadim Kovalev / Burda Media
Kana kuunganidza log yeiyo danda kana bara, inodikanwa kuti ive so isiri kunyorova kwechisimbiso chekudyara. Mufananidzo: "NB"
Bar, yakavhurwa muzhizha mune stack, ine zvishoma kunyorova uye haisunungurwe munguva yechando, iyo inokutendera kuti itore muhukuru uye sarudza mirefu uye ndiro panzvimbo yekuvaka. Mufananidzo: Dombrus
Kuvakwa kwemadziro emadziro kubva kumagurovhosi emwaka kana tembiricha yezvirambidzo haina. Mabasa haaitwe mumvura uye chando kudzivirira kunyoroveswa kweiyo yekupindira oxide compind uye insulation. Munguva yechando, izuva pfupi rumbidzo rinoda chishandiso panzvimbo yekuvaka yemwenje yemwenje. Kurema, kuenzaniswa nenguva yezhizha, mamiriro ekushanda anowedzera nguva yebasa, uye mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara dzimwe nguva anodzivirira zvinhu zvekuvaka munguva yakarongwa. Muzhinji, kuvaka nguva yechando kunonyanya kudhura kupfuura zhizha, asi kuderera kwemitengo yezvekutanga zvinhu zvinopa mutsauko uyu. Ehe, iwe unogona kupa mabasa akadaro chete nekambani ine ruzivo rwakakodzera runoshanda.
Konstantin maslov
Injiniya yeTechnical Supervision GK "IZBA DE LUX"
Chivako chivakwa kana imba kubva kuSIP mapanera zvichaiswa pane kurongwa kwemwedzi nemikana chete, uye kutenderera kukuru kwekutanga kunogona kurongwa munguva inotonhora. Photo: Subterstock / fotou.ru
Kuvakwa kweimba yechiSkeleton munguva yechando haina kukonzera matambudziko. Isu tinokurudzira kushandisa hwaro kubva kuClwing Piles neChikwata cheRussia, nechishandiso chakakura-chekisiko nyika hachifanirwe uye hapana chikonzero chekushandisa midziyo inorema. Kana madziro uye matenga emagoma eClassic Canadian, zvakakosha kuti utarise kuti insulation "sandwich kusatorwa kunze). Facaca kupedzisa nekumirira uye nemapani chero ipi neipi inobvumidzwa kupisa kwakadzika. Plaster chete, gadziriso yekupenda uye pendi dzakasarudzika.
Sergey Saten.
Injiniya yezuva-stroy