Zvese zvezvikamu zvemukati: Zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka, zvinonzwika zvipenga

Isu tinotaura nezve magadzirirwo ezvemberi zvidimbu, zvigadzirwa, pane zvemutemo zvekuvaka uye kuraira maitiro ekudzivirira zvikanganiso kana kuisa.

Zvinowanzofanira kuvaka chikamu chemukati mukugadziriswa kweimwe imba, nekuti dzimwe nguva "madziro asina-chisingaravha chete, iwe unokwanisa kuvandudza ergonomtics yefurati.

Zvemukati zvidimbu uye zvohuma zvavo

Nerudzi rwekuvaka

• Masonry
• Mapuranga
• Kutsvedza
• Nehomwe yekutsvedza musuwo

Nezvinhu

• Zvidhinha
• Kongiri
• Kubva phazzle gypsum mahwendefa
• Potted ceramic
• Plasterboard

Zvepamutemo zvikamu zvekuvandudza

Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kukanganisa

Nerudzi rwekuvaka

Masonry

Matanho emasonry anoiswa kubva pakuvaka mabhuru uye zvidhinha. Kusarudza izvo zvinyorwa zvinofunga zvakatenderwa mutoro pane yakabatana pasi pasi. Zvekudarika kubva precast concrete slabs, iyo inoshandiswa mumisha yakawanda yemadhorobha, mitoro inobvumirwa ndeye 400-800 kgf / m².

Panyaya yekushandiswa kweisina chinhu, yakakumbirwa uye mamwe mabhuru ekuvharika ekuvhara, misa haisvike muganho. Asi mukana wekushandisa zvidhinha masonry anofanirwa kujekesa mumuviri wekuongorora. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti madziro ezvidhinha anowanikwa zvakawandisa - anenge 550 kg pamamita kwenguva yakareba kana uchiisa mu polkirpich. Pamwe chete neTie wepasi, vanogona kuve nemitoro isingagamuchiriki pane inodarika.

Simba

Iyo huru mamiriro ekuvimbika ndiko kusimbiswa kwakakodzera.

Mutsara wega wega wechipiri we foam concrete block inosimbiswa nematanda ane diamita ye8 mm. Ivo vakaradzikwa mumatanho, uye vakatsauka bhuroka kusunga mahwendefa emahara, ari mu 100-120 cm kuwedzera.

Iyo masonry ye yakazara-chiyero puzzle plaster inosimbiswa nemahwendefa nemakona, kubva muhombodo - makona uye kusimbiswa kwetsinye.

Iwe haugone kudzoreredza magadzirirwo emakororo akavezwa, asi vavaki vanowanzo kuvandudzwa nendombo dzayo dzakasarudzika. Iyo dhizaini ichabatanidzwa kune iyo yepedyo madziro uye iyo ndiro yeiyo yepamusoro yepamusoro. Kune izvi, kusimbisa mapini, mahwendefa kana masokisi akagadzirwa nesimbi kudenga kweanenge 2 mm. Nhanho inokwira kumadziro haifanire kupfuura mazana mashanu emamm, kune inodarika - 1,200 mm.

Tekinoroji yekuvakwa yekupararira kubva kune gasi-silirate zvidhinha zvinoshandiswa kusvika kune diki diki. Zvekucheka zvidhinha, shandisa sosi yakasarudzika uye danda rakagadziridzwa. Mufananidzo: ytong.

Masonry anoitwa akaiswa pasi pejira rakatetepa glue. Mufananidzo: ytong.

Kusimbisa iyo nemahwendefa. Mufananidzo: ytong.

Nekuda kweizvi, mapoka anoenderana zvakanyanya. Mufananidzo: ytong.

Mhinduro yacho ichiratidzira kubva kumasamipi inobviswa pakarepo kumasero kuti aderedze kutyisa. Mufananidzo: ytong.

Vanosvetuka pamusoro pechiratidzo chinoitwa vachishandisa tray zvinhu. Mufananidzo: ytong.

Soundproofing

Chinhu chakakosha chevarwi madziro matsva ndiwo kugona kwehupamhi. Minimum Air No ruzha Internation Index RW - 43 DB. Ndiko kuti, nekuda kwavo hakufanirwe kutaura zvakadzikama. Iyo RW indekisi inoiswa pamativi maviri emadziro emadziro muPollipich ndeye 47 DB, foam block ukobvu hwa200 mm - 44 db. Asi mukuita, anowanzova anoedza kuita mutete. Mune ino kesi, ichabatsira sheathing yeyakaomeswa pane pekugara, pakati pemakanda ayo kune ruzha anobata matso anopa kuwedzera kusimbisa kusvika pagumi db.

Kuparadzanisa kwechimiro chechiedza chakapera neCocking Brick "Alaten zvidhinha" (Zvikomo Zvikomo) Beige Shade, Mberi M-Akave Akaumbwa Zvinhu Zvinotarisirwa Zvakabudirira neCrickwork

Basa Rakanyanya Kuvaka Parutivi muPolkirpich

Puzzle inovhara partition

Kuvimbika kweAngular makomputa muzvikamu zvekuvhara zvinowanikwa nekupfekedza seams,

Muchimiro - nekuvandudza chimiro chesimbi

Iyo dhizaini inogona kuendeswa kukamuri yekuumbwa ruzha kubva kune inodururwa. Zvekuti izvi hazviitike, pasi pechisimba kana pamubhedha seams akaradzika zvakanaka-layer vibrational zvinyorwa. Iyo nzvimbo pakati pepamusoro padyo nezvidhinha kana zvidhinha uye chipikiri chekumusoro chinopfuura chinofanira kuzadzwa nePolyurethane foam. Uye zvakare, mhando yeMasonry - Cavity uye kunyange microcracks muzvikwama nenzvimbo dzekubatana dzinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya neine ruzha rwemhepo ruzha.

Pakupedzisira, kuzadzisa yakanaka yekunzwa insulation, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza nemazvo uye kuisa musuwo:

• Chimiro kana Frauga negirazi rezororo rezororo remuzasi rinowedzera paramende iyi ne 5-7 DB;
• Iko kujekesa pasi peiyo 20 mm Webhu kukosha kwakanangana 8 DB;
• SHIFT Door isina kudivi uye kumusoro kwebrash yezvisimbiso - zvinopfuura 10 db.

Masonry Mitemo

Iyo Masonry inofanira kuvimba zvakananga pane slab yakawedzera. Inofanira kuvakwa kune mudziyo wepasi rakacheneswa, uye mune ramangwana, munzvimbo yekugadziriswa kwekutsanangurwa kweiyo chikamu, isa madonhwe emasikati. Seyo kesi yakanyanyisa, yekuisa kubva kumacheke mishonga ine rutsigiro rwechinyatso kuomeserwa cement-jecha kana ivhu-kongiri-concrete tie. Asi chete kana pasina denderedzwa remubvumiro inobata mats kana polymer membranes.

Kugadzirira kwehwaro

Iyo masonce partition inogadzira iyo yakakosha mutoro pane inodarika - inogona kusarambidza kumanikidzwa uye kuiswa. Kuti izvi hazviitike, pamusoro peiyo slab ichipfuura nemutsara wekuvaka, monolithic yakasimbiswa kongiri yekuvhara iri kutora kukwirira kweanosvika zana mm. Masonry anotanga kana zvawana zvinokwana makumi manomwe muzana esimba - 2 vhiki mushure mekuzadza kongiri.

Cocol

Iyo chigadziko chinoita basa remubhokisi rabuda ribhi: inokwidziridza chitofu uye inoshandura mutoro kunzvimbo dzinotsigirwa nemarara emurwere kana makoramu. Pasina chinhu ichi, zvinokwanisika kuita chete kana iyo yakawandisa ine hombe yemuchadenga yekuchengetedza - ipapo masonry anotungamira mumubhedha seam. Nyanzvi inopa zano kuiswa pasi pechigadziko kana mutsara wekutanga wekusimbisa camped tepi, iyo inopa kune shringerge deformations uye kuvhara nzira yemheremhere yemheremhere.

Paunenge wakarara kubva pamakona ezvematongerwo emaruva, iyo yakajeka yakajeka yeeamsontal seams ndeye 12 mm, iyo mment seams haina kuzadza nemhinduro

Ukuru hwekupfeka kweeams dzinofanira kunge dzinosvika gumi nemaviri mm

Migwagwa iri pasi pemagetsi emagetsi iri nani kuita nechishandiso chakakosha

Masonry Solution

Zvinokurudzirwa kutenga iyo yakapera kushamisika yakakurudzirwa nemugadziri wemabhandi akasarudzwa kana mahwendefa. Kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa wakadaro kunosanganisira kusimbisa masadiseni uye mapurasitiki. Nekuda kweizvi, zviri nyore kutungamira masonry, iwo mapoka anowanikwa kunyange, uye seams yakasimba, ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pane iyo simba uye kugona kwemaitiro.

Kusimbiswa

Chero kupatsanurwa kwakatemwa kumadziro makuru uye calling neinisimbisisirwo mapini, zvichienderana nebvudzi uye kusimba kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Puzzle Gypsum mahwendefa anosimbisa makona akakwana. Madziro kubva kune yakanunurwa cramic kana cerremiti-concrete block inosimbiswa nemidziyo yemitambo.

Iyo gap pakati pezasi pamusoro peiyo inodarika uye kumusoro haifanire kupfuura makumi mana mm. Iyi gap inowanzozadzwa nePolyurethane foam, asi zviri nani kushandisa simende glue.

Emmers

Iko kuvhurika kunodiwa kugadzira saizi saizi kuitira kuti urege kuomesa kwemasuo. Iyo yepamusoro inosvetuka inogona kuitwa kubva kusingadzorere tsvimbo, makona kana masosi akasimbiswa. Nekukora kweisingasviki 100 mm, munhu anokanda ekuvhurika nekuisimbisa tsvimbo, mitsetse kana makona anodikanwa.

Locking Pini inoda kuwedzera kweiyo gobvu re seam

Zviri nani kushandisa ndiro

Kubva kuNyure-Proof PGP iwe unogona kuwedzera chete mutsara wekutanga

Tevere kushandisa mahwendefa akajairwa

Mapuranga

Nechimiro chehunyanzvi, iwe unogona kuvaka zvimiro zvemukati zve chero fomu. Sechimiro, chita chesimbi chinonyanya kushandiswa, uye se sheat - plasterboard. Mukati morusvingo wakadai isa chipinganidzo chekumanikidza kubva kumakushe emaminerari. Zvemasango akarembera kana magirazi ari muzvikamu zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvemari.

Niche inogadzirwa neiyo tekinoroji imwe chete, asi saizi yavo shoma inoganhurirwa kune mukana wekuzvidza kuzvipira kwekuzvinyudza pane kuisirwa. Zvigadziko zvemasherufu zvakajeka kana niches zvinosimbiswa neiyo gwara remucherechedzo, uchiita jumper kubva mariri. Kuvandudza simba uye indekisi yeiyo yemhepo ruzha kuzviparadzanisa, chimiro chakaitwa kaviri.

Paunenge uchivaka zvivakwa zvemukati, zvakakodzera kusarudzika kune izvo zvishandiso izvo zvisingade kuwirirana: Plaster phazzle plates kana plasterboard. Kutarisa zviso nekugadziriswa pasi pekupedzisira kupedzisa, kunyanya pasi penyora, inowedzera mutengo wekugadzirisa uye zvinoreva maitiro akasviba ekuvaka.

Speeproofing furemu chikamu

Shandisa zvinhu zvakakosha-zvinongedzo zvekutora kuti uzadze kusununguka. Izvi zvichaona kuti mhepo ruzha insingaperi index mune huwandu hwe44-46 db.

Paunenge uchiisa acoustic plasterboard budiriro, chimiro chemabhawa akasimba kana eglue anoshandiswa. Kutanga pasi, madziro uye ceiling simbisa kutambudza, kurova pakati pemabhawa uye nzvimbo dzeshuwa dze tepi kubva kuCork Agglomerate. Mufananidzo: Xella

Iyo ma racks inokwiridzwa nedzidziso pakati pemabhawa ekutambisa, gadziriso screws. Mufananidzo: Xella

Chimiro chinowedzerwa pamwe nekukwira kusvetuka. Mufananidzo: Xella

Majoini eganda uye chimiro, pamwe sewomhuwa mashizha ane mumwe nemumwe, ari chisimbiso neanosunungura acoustic sealant. Mufananidzo: Xella

Kuti uwane mwero wakakwira wekusimbisa kwemisimbisiro kunobvumira kuyerera kudivi rega nezvikamu zviviri nezvematunhu maviri echiomesa, pakati peiyo iyo technical cork pepa rakavezwa. Zviratidzo zvepamusoro zvine chikamu pane chikamu chevakapetwa kaviri, asi kusviba kwayo kwakashata ndeye 135 mm.

Sarudzo dzekugadzirwa kwetemberi yetemberi nekuzadza neruzha runotora mahwendefa

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Kutsvedza

Kutsvedza kwekutenderera kwetemberi ndiko nyore kuisirwa sarudzo. Zvekuisirwa kwavo, isu hatidi recorvelpemment uye basa rekuvaka, kuisirwa kuri kukurumidza. Kune zvisina kunaka: Ivo havabatsire kuvandudza kurira kwekunzwa, musimba rakaderera kune dzimwe sarudzo.

Mhando dzekutsvedza dzinotsvedza zvikamu:

• nejira njanji pasi uye denga;
• Pasina chikumbaridzo - uchimhanya chete kune iyo denga chete;
• kupeta - gonhi-haronica;
• Inosimbisa kutsvedza - ivo vanofanirwa kuzvibvisa ivo pachavo uye voenda kudivi.

Zvinyorwa zvinowanzoitika kwavari zvinova girazi nehuni. Girazi hazviratidzi hazviratire nzvimbo, asi inoda kuchenesa nguva dzose, isina kukodzera kugadzirisa. Woods kazhinji kazhinji inoshandisa mukushongedza zvinangwa, kuitira nzvimbo yekuona yekuvonekwa.

Nehomwe yekutsvedza musuwo

Kana iwe uchida kugadzira mauto akaomeswa, shandisa zvibhadharo zvakagadzirwa-zvakagadzirwa nemikova inotsvedza sechigadziko. Iko ukobvu kwegadziriro yekugadzirisa iyo iyo plasterboard haina kupfuura 125 mm. Kuparadzanisa nechimiro kubva kune yakajairwa p-yakavezwa profiles inodhura mari 1.5-2 zvakachipa, asi hazvigone kuitwa mutete 170 mm mm.

Madziro eHollope akasarudzika akashata, saka kana iyo yekurara yekuvandudzwa, zviri nani kushandisa zvimiro zvinosanganisira kusimuka kwesonce nekobvu kwemakumi masere emm uye yakanyorwa fumhu.

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Nezvinhu

Zvidhinha

Mukana wekuitisa zvidhinha zvichafanira kujekesa mumuviri wekuongorora. Sarudzo dzezvidhinha dzinowanikwa zvakanyanya - dzinenge 550 kg pamamita kwenguva yakareba kana uchiisa mu polkirpich. Pamwe chete neTie wepasi, vanogona kuve nemitoro isingagamuchiriki pane inodarika.

Mune dzimba dzine monolitiki simbi-kongiri parwendo, zvidhinha zvidiki zvinogona kuvakwa.

Pamusoro pemitoro yakakosha pakubatana pasi, kuisa madziro ezvidhinha kunosanganiswa nemitengo yakakomba yenguva, inoda hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi.

Kana iwe uchida kugadzira yemukati mune yekunhuwira maitiro, wobva watevedzera pasi pezvidhina niche inogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa block kana dhizaini ine zvidhina pasi pezvidhina. Zvinhu zveNylarlar egwe rekunze hunobvumira kuzadzisa kufungidzira kwakakwana kwezvigadzirwa zvezvidhinha kana dombo rechisikigo.

Kongiri

Nekuvaka, foam block ndeye foam inovhara nehuremu hwe600-800 kg / m³, 80-100 mm gobvu. Kukakavara kudiki hakuna kukwana maererano nezwi rekunzwa uye kuramba kuti unyaradze mitoro. Nekudaro, madziro ezviputi zvevhudzi zvinoda kuvhara. Nechikonzero ichi, zvichange zvakaoma kugadzira kadiki kadiki niche, sezvo ichazofanira kucheka zvidhinha kuti zviite size, kuisa pamusoro.

Coramzit concrete inoparadzaniswa maburi emanyoro anodzivirira uye akasarudzika, asi usasiyana mukugadzikana kwe geometric saizi. Nyanzvi chete dzinoita masonry akadaro, uye mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu pano anofanira kuenzanisa pamusoro nepamo matema emari.

Paunenge uchiisa kubva kumabhurukuro marara, mhinduro iri nani kushandisa iyo yakakosha spatula

Sprompting nekutora kutaura kwekuwedzera

Zvidhinha zvisungo nemumwe uye neanopfuura simbi mahwendefa uye makona

Kufarira Kukatyamadza - Akavandudzwa Matanda

Kubva phazzle gypsum mahwendefa

Plasolite phazzle mahwendefa akakura pane foam zvidhinha, asi iwe unogona kugadzira kushongedza niches pamwe navo. Nekuda kweiyo conjunction yemuzinga gomba, dhizaini inosiyaniswa nekugadzikana. Kusimbiswa kwavasina kudikanwa, chete kusimbisa kumadziro uye kukwidziridzwa kwemakona ane mapuranga emakona eakarukwa simbi. Minus zvinyorwa ndezvekuti zvakaoma kuderera. Naizvozvo, kana vachiwirirana muhukuru, zvinodikanwa kubvisa grooves uye makatsi, uye wozosimbisa masonry nekuisimbisa tsvimbo kana mahwendefa. Asi madziro ezvipenga zvinovhara pfumo, ndiko kuti, kufema. Uyezve, iyo gypsum ine mvura uye inoita semutongi wehutongi hwekunyorovesa mumakamuri ane humidity.

Puzzle Gypsum mahwendefa anorema zvakanyanya kudarika kongororo inodarika kingi, saka yakakodzera chete dzimba, iyo inodarika iyo yakagadzirirwa mutoro wakaparadzirwa anopfuura 800 kg / m2.

Mumwezve dhizaini yakakwirira elasticity. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chidhira chisikwa chinoonekwa - chikamu chakaderera chinonzwika insulation level pa 100-200 hz frequency.

Zvidimbu nehomwe yemusuwo wekutsvedza anowanzoitwa kubva kuomesall. Inogona kunge iri yefekitori chirango kubva kune zvakakosha zvikamu profiles. Dhizaini inopa kugona kugadzirisa iyo canvas mukukwirira.

Potted ceramic

Zvega zveCeramic Mabhokisi ari 2-,5 times akareruka pane zvidhinha uye panguva imwe chete bata zvisimbiso zvakanaka. Kana iwe ukashandisa makemikari zvimisikidzwa, ipapo pamadziro ane gobvu re130 mm, unogona kukwira kunyange paddle.

Chimiro chikuru chemabhuru anokwira masonry, makomba uye makomba padivi pemativi anopera kupatsanurana, uye iyo rabbed pamusoro inopa yakavimbika kubata neyekuchengeterwa plaster.

Zvinokuvadza zvezvakanyorwa zvidhinha zvinosanganisira yakakwira mvura yekunyora. Izvo zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nerubatsiro rwe hydrophobic Primer uye cent plaster.

Magadzirirwo anobva kune cramic akavhara vanhu vakura zviri nyore, asi kurasikirwa neshoko rekunzwa.

Plasterboard

Plasterboard dhizaini haina kurongedza kudarika, haidi nguva yekuparadza nguva uye inokutendera kuti ubatanidze waya uye mapaipi pasina chero matambudziko.

Gungano rezvakajairwa neGocition kubva kuGoc iri kutanga kubva mukuiswa kweNotungamira profiles; ivo, pamwe nemakona anonyanya kuwiriraniswa nemidziyo ye laser. Mufananidzo: Saint-Gobain

Gyprock Ultra Ultra profiles ine yakagadziridzwa pamusoro pamazhinji emakore haifanirwe kuunza nekuzvisimbisa. Mufananidzo: Saint-Gobain

Chimiro chakaunganidzwa chakarovererwa kune rumwe rutivi, uye ndobva ndatanga kutaurirana. Mufananidzo: Saint-Gobain

Iwo maCamdes yeSHP anogona kubvisa iyo yakakosha pini. Mufananidzo: Saint-Gobain

Kuisirwa kweGLC kuchaita kuti screwdriver neRibbon Feed of screws. Mufananidzo: Saint-Gobain

Mumakore achangopfuura, pakasangana zvitunha zvezvivakwa zvePlasterd, pachinzvimbo chekuzvishandura, chishuwarenzi chakasarudzika chakafanana neyakafanana nemabhandi, gadzira gomba nemipendero yemadziro maviri ekuonana. Kugadziriswa kwetsvimbo kwasvitswa kuisirwa, kunze kweizvozvo, hapana zvikepe zvinoratidzira zvezvikamu zvechirume, uye shizha renhare renhema rakanyatsojeka. Nekudaro, pavanenge vachisvika matanda, zvakaoma kugadzirisa zvikanganiso, kunze kweizvozvo, hazvina kusimba, saka zvakakosha kuti uteedzere nhanho inodiwa yeiyo screws - 250 mm.

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Regedhi remagariro memo

Reference inofanira kunge yakamborongwa nemitumbi yekuongorora kwedzimba. Kana kuverenga kwepurojekiti kunoratidza kuwedzera kwemutoro kune inodarika, ipapo mvumo ichave yakaoma, sekufunga kwehunyanzvi kwemugadziri weimba kuchadikanwa.

1. Kugadziriswazve kunokanganisa madziro ekubereka kana kuburitsa zvisingaitwe zvidimbu zvinogona kutangwa chete mushure mekugamuchira mvumo kubva kune vapenyu eratpection organs.
2. Kana kunyorwazve, hazvigoneke kuwedzera mutoro pane inodarika pamusoro pekutangira pane chirongwa (kuverenga kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, nekuita deformations).
3. Tarisa hanya kutsiva kwekutsiviwa pane zvakaoma zvakanyanya.
4. Haazopamhi kudzoreredzwa kunogara imba yako yekugezera ichave pamusoro pekicheni kana imba yekugara pasi apa. Uyu mutemo unoshandira zvakare kuvandudza dzimba muzvivakwa zvitsva zvitsva, uko madziro matsva enzvimbo dzakanyoroveswa dzinosimudzwa nehurongwa hwepasi.

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Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kukanganisa Kana Kuisa

Iko kukanganisa kwakajairika mumushini wezvemberi zvidimbu ndezvemidziyo yavo isina kunaka. Muridzi wefurati anogona kukoshesa kusarudzika kwekamuri (semuenzaniso, imba yekupfeka haisi yekunzwisisa zvishuwo zveMutengi, mukuru akaverenga zvisiri izvo hurongwa, vashandi - havawone kuti "kwete iyo label" . Madziro anofanirwa kusasanganiswa uye kuvaka anew, nguva yakarasika uye mitengo kuwedzera. Naizvozvo, muridzi wefurati pamwe chete neyekugadzira (dhizaini) inodiwa zvakanyanya, ine hukane nehurongwa uye tepi chiyero, uyai kune chinhu kudzora kuiswa kwemitsara yekutanga.

Zvinhu zvekushandisa

Zvinhu	Zvidhina zvidiki-zvidiki	Zvidhina zvakarukwa	Akaronga ceramic block	Block gasi concrete	Vimba Hollow ceramzitobetone	PGP Hydrophobized
Zvishoma zvinogoneka chikamu chakakora, mm	65 (zvidhinha pamucheto)	120.	80.	makumi mashanu	90.	80.
Kukona kwakakwana kweiyo interroom partition, mm	120 (mu polkirpich)	120.	120.	100	120.	100
Masonry Solution	Simende-sand giredhi haina kuderera pane m200	Simende-sand giredhi haina kuderera pane m200	Kubva kumishini yemasimendi yapera, yakadai sePoroherm	Kubva paiyo yakasvibirira yakasvibirira (KNUF LM2, BLOTTR gadziriro, nezvimwewo)	Simende-sand giredhi haina kuderera pane m200	Gadzirira Gypsum (Knauf-Perfix, "montage montage", "Ivesyl-plast", nezvimwewo)
Density, kg / m3	1600-1900	1000-1400.	750-900	400-600	950-1000	1100-1250
Kubata kwemvura,%	6-14.	6-14.	14-18.	makumi mashanu	10	6-8