Kuongororwa kwemusika wesimba-kuchengetedza Luminescent Lamps: Dhizaini dzechimiro, kukudzwa kwemidziyo, mitsva mitsva, nheyo dzekushanda.
Dhizaina M. Mamulat
Mufananidzo P. Lebedev
Kuitira kuti simba rekuchengetedza simba kuti rive nyore kushandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, dzinowanzopihwa neyakajairwa yakadzika nzvimbo yepasi.
Iyo kifact ye compact fluorescent marambi (cll) yakagadzirirwa neyekuvakira-mu port-kugadzirisa muchina (pra):
Mwenje yeyakajairika (yechinyakare) dhizaini;
B-Models yakagadzirirwa neGF radiation jenareta
Marambi ane spectrum of 2700 akakodzera kuti vandoregererwa
Mamwe marambi akagadzirirwa zvakananga kuti aunganidzwe fluorescent marambi.
Fluorescent Lamp Flasks inogona kuve yakagadzirirwa negirazi regirazi
Nekuda kwehupenyu hwakareba hwebasa, CLL yakaiswa munzvimbo idzodzo dzinowanikwa
N. Siruten
Mufananidzo V. Nefredova
Lamm pamusoro peBar kumira sechigadzirwa chekugadzira
Havazi vese vatengi senge luminesent "machubhu". Naizvozvo, kune zvimwe uye mamwe marudzi ane mapoinzi ezvakajairwa pear chimiro.
Kumwe kuvimbisa kutungamira kwekushandiswa kwemarangi eFluorescent-kunze
Yenzvimbo yenyika, marambi emagadzirirwo akakosha akakodzera, anokwanisa kushanda mune yakasarudzika tembiricha. Izvi, semuenzaniso, maLagam marambi anotangwa
at -25s
kusvika 26w. Iko kushandiswa kwemarambi akafanana ane kururamiswa mune zvehupfumi, nekuti vanopedza
5 times shoma yemagetsi pane yakajairika incandescent bulbs
Kwenguva yakareba zvaitendwa kuti mwenje yeLuminescent inongokodzera mahofisi. Kubatsira kwavo kukuru ndiko kupenya uye nekubudirira kweMerkli tichienzanisa nezviripo zvinovaka zvinovaka. Zvizvarwa zvemazuva ano zvemarambi akadaro zvinosiyaniswa nehunhu hwakawanda hwepamusoro hunoenzaniswa nezvavo zvakatemerwa.
Compact fluorescent marambi anogona kuiswa mumarambi emhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvigadzirwa - kubva kune iyo classic
Kusvikira iyo Ultra-yazvino gore rega rega, magetsi ari kuwedzera kudhura, kunwa kwaro kuri kukura zvakare panguva imwe chete. Zvinoonekwa, kubhadhara kwemwedzi nemwedzi kunowedzera zviri kukurumidza. Nhasi, semuenzaniso, mutengo we1 kWh ndi 1.84 rubles. Kune Muscovites vaigara mudzimba dzine gasi. Kana tikapedza mazana emazana kilowatt-maawa anogara, semhedzisiro, zvinogona kutora huwandu hwakatenderera. Maitiro Ekudzikisa Magetsi Kushandisa pasina nyaradzo yekukanganisa? Imwe yenzira dziri nyore ndiko kushandiswa kwesimba-kuchengetedza mapopoma emwenje. Chishuvo chavo chakasarudzika chakakwira chiedza chinodzoka, ndiko kuti, hukuru hwechiedza flux (yakayerwa muLumenakh), yakawanikwa ne 1w simba rinopedzwa nemwenje. Kana iri incandescent mwenje uyu nhamba iri kusvika 10-15 malita pa 1w, for halogen - kusvika pamakumi matatu, angangoita simba, anenge 50-60LM pa 1w. Nekudaro, izvo zvinodikanwa kuvhenekwa zvinogona kuwanikwa nekutsiva, semuenzaniso, 100-watt incandescent bulbs pamwe chete ne20-watt fluorescent marambi. Kuverenga kuri nyore kunoratidza: Yakadai 20-Watt mwenje muupenyu hwese hwebasa (6-8 zviuru h) ichaponesa anenge 450-600 pulleel magetsi. Iyo yekupinda yakaenzana (neiyo iripo metropolitan tariffs) ndeye anenge 900-1000 rubles. Kunyangwe uchitora mutengo wakakwira weFluorescent marambi (mhando nehuwandu hwe20-26 matani ari kutengeswa nemutengo we150-200rub.) Kubatsirwa kwavo kunonzwisisika.
Mumwezve pamwe nezvimwe zvakafanana zvishandiso zvidiki (zvichienzaniswa nemwenje incandiescent uye kunyanya halogen) kupisa chizvarwa chezera. Luorescent mwenje inopisa kwazvo panguva yekushanda. Izvi zvinovatendera kuti vashandise ivo mu "dambudziko" mwenje (semuenzaniso, yakagadzirirwa nemazwi kubva pane zvakaderera-inonyungudika zvinhu).
Muchiedza cheTekinoroji yepamusoro
Iyo Mechanism yemwenje yeFluorescent yakadaro. Iyo girazi flask inozadzwa nemusanganiswa weinert magasi uye mercury vapariki, uye nzvimbo yayo yemukati yakafukidzwa neinokosha phosphor. Pasi pechiitiko cheiyo yakakwira voltage mune iyo flask kubva pamusoro pechikamu, leadrons yakakwira yaputswa. Takatarisana nemaatomu ematambudziko, ivo vanopa chikamu chesimba ravo kune maelekitoni zvakabatanidzwa muatomu, uye vanovashandura kuita mamiriro anofara. Izvo hazvina kugadzikana: Nguva pfupi yenguva- uye emagetsi akafara anodzokera kune denderedzwa aro, kune yakagadzikana orbit, uye yakawandisa simba inosunungurwa seyeltraviolet radiation. Luminoin Kuunganidza Inoshandura Ultraviolet kune Chiedza chinooneka.
Enzanisa fluorescent marambi: nezuro nanhasi
Mhando dzeCLM inosiyana kupenya, kushandiswa kwemagetsi uye huwandu hwehumwe hunhu. Pakati peiyo zviratidzo kuti titeerere kusvika pakusarudza mwenje inogona kucherechedzwa zvinotevera zvakanyanya kukosha.
Kuvakwa kwechigadziko. Kujeka, semwenje incandecent, inosunungurwa nemhando dzinoverengeka dzezvisungo. Ivo vanogona kuve neyeyeye pakati peE27 Basement, minion e14, e40 base, inoshandiswa mu "mwenje ye" maindasitiri, kana mapini emidziyo yemhando dzakasiyana siyana. Iyo base yemidziyo yedzimba inoshandiswa neE27 base.
Kupisa kwemavara. Chiedza chakaburitswa nemwenje yacho inogona kunge iine imwe spectrum. Izvo zvinotsanangurwa seyekubuda spectrum yemuviri mutema wakazara wakapisa kune imwe tembiricha, uye inoratidzwa muKelvin (k). Mwenje yakajairika ine mabvumirano e700k (kunge ruvara rwunodziya rweyero yemumvuri), 4200k (masikati), 6500k (inotonhora chena "nekutarisirwa kwebhuruu"). Marambi ane maviri emavara ekupisa akasiyana mune chinangwa chayo chinangwa. Kana iyo "yero" spectrum 2700k inoonekwa se "inotonhorera" uye yakakodzera imba yekurara kana imba yekutandarira, ipapo ma 6500 mp300k anopa kutonhora kusiyanisa mwenje, iyo isina kugadzikana. Asi ivo vakakodzera kushanda mumasangano.
Simba rekubudirira. Mwenje yese yeFluescentcent ndeyechokwadi zvakanyanya hupfumi incandescent mwenje.
Kazhinji pane clls neflsk yakagadzirwa muchimiro che matatu arcs, zvakadaro, ivo vanogona kusiyana zvakanyanya pakati pavo nedanho rekushandisa magetsi. Semamwe madhiza, kuiswa kweEurope kwesimba kunoshanda kune cll, maererano nezvakakonzerwa nemarambi ese akapatsanurwa kuita makirasi manomwe, kubva kuG (iyo kirasi inofanira kutsanangurwa papepa). Iyo Simba Rakanyanya Kunzwisisa - A. Kana mwenje wacho unopihwa kirasi iyi, izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinokutendera kuti uchengetedze kusvika pa80% yemagetsi uye semhedzisiro inoderedza bhiri yemagetsi kanenge kagetsi kale.
Kubva pane zviri nyore kuoma
Chii chimwe chaunofanira kubvunza kana uchisarudza mwenje? Izvo zvinodiwa, semuenzaniso, kujekesa hupenyu hwebasa. UKLE IS IS 6-8 Zviuru H (Standard). Dzimwe nguva mugadziri kuderedza mari, anogadzirisa dhizaini nekuda kwezvinhu zvinoona kuvimbika kwerambi. Zvinogona kunge kushaikwa kwezvikamu zvinodzivirira chishandiso kubva ku voltage madonhwe, kana kukurumidza "kukwegura" phosphor yemhando isina kunaka. Nekudaro, hupenyu hwebasa remushini hwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Nhasi, vanozviremekedza vanofarira kusachengeta pachiputiro nekuda kweshoko rakatsetseka, - mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinouya kune zviuru gumi nembiri. "SEUPFANANIDZO" "COSMOS") uye Kunyangwe zviuru gumi zvemazana matatu el Constra r80 23w, Osram; Genura, General Electric; Stick 12y, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana neIngenium Technology, Megaman).
Imwe mhinduro yakakwana ndiyo amalgam tekinoroji inoshandiswa mune tsvimbo 12y modhi. Mwenje yakadaro inononoka zvishoma (mumuenzaniso uyu 100%, rwizi rwechiedza rwunowanikwa anenge maminitsi matatu), asi haina kufumurwa kupisa kwakakwirira uye kwakaderera. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana uchishandisa mwenje mumarambi akavharwa, pamwe nekuiswa mumakamuri asina kuvharwa, sezvo zvatanga pakupisa kwe - 25C.
Yakakosha kwazvo paramende - zviyero zvekurumwa. Kusarudza muenzaniso, semuenzaniso, kune chandelier, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise kuti kuvapo kwenhau yechiitiko che27 hakusi kuvimbisa kuti kwakakodzera mwenje. Saka, mwenje urefu hwe 85ws (model 45 E27742, "Cosmos") is 335mm, uye upamhi huri 78mm; Saizi dzakafanana dzine marambi esimba rakafanana revamwe vagadziri.
Tekinoroji yakawandisa yakaunzwa zvakare Philips. Pakati pavo pane mwenje-unoponesa-simba nemhedzisiro yakapetwa kaviri "2 mu1". Iyo ine yakavakirwa-inotungamirwa uye inogona kushanda mumhando mbiri: Muchiedza chehusiku (mwenje mwenje uine simba re 1w) uye mune zvakajairwa (kupenya seyakajaira thaill neine simba re9W). Muenzaniso "2 mu1" rakagadzirirwa kushanda munzvimbo dzakadaro, uko kushaya simba kwakakosha kwenguva yakareba: semuenzaniso, mumba yekurara, mumba yekutandarira kana muchikamu chekoratidziro.
Calcuted zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakapihwa naOsram - Model Dulux El Nzvimbo. Iyi tekinoroji yakaitwa, iyo inoita kuti ive yakakwanisika kutendeukira uye kudzima mwenje muupenyu hwese hwebasa, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekutamba nekukurumidza kumisikidza mwenje wechiedza mushure mekuchinja. Izvi zvinhu zvinokubvumira kuti ushandise Dulux el facility mwenje marambi apo mwenje unosanganisira kazhinji uye kwenguva pfupi, mugezhambadziro kana nzvimbo yekugezera (CLM tsika (CLM tsika) haina kugadzirwa mamiriro akafanana ekushanda).
Ib Kuvhiya ...
Pasinei nekugona kwekunze kwekunze nemwenje incandescent, clls ine huwandu hwezvinhu zvinodiwa kuti zviitwe mukushanda kwavo. Saka, semuenzaniso, mwenje unokurudzirwa nekushisa kwekushisa. Luorescent marambi haana kutakura zvisina kunaka kupisa pamusoro makumi matanhatu, uye pane chando chakamira chose kushanda. Naizvozvo, kana zvichidikanwa, iwo mwenje wezvivakwa zvisina kugadziriswa kana nzvimbo dzenyika dzinofanira kushandiswa nemhando dzinokosha dze cell dzekunze kuisirwa kunze. Serial Lamp Series ari mumakambani emakambani emagetsi, Osram uye kubva kune vamwe vagadziri. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti ruzhinji rwezvemhando dzeimba yemarambi emaruva asina kuitirwa kuti ishandiswe mune chando kana tembiricha iri pazasi -10с.
Yu. Sennikov
Dhizaina T. Zhuk.
Mufananidzo weS. uye E. morguv
Dambudziko reLuminescent Lamps kushandiswa kwavo kana rakaderera kana, pane zvinopesana, kupisa kwakanyanya. Mwenje yacho ichiramba ichishanda semamiriro emwenje, asi ivo vane kuderera kwemwenje muvheneke. Iyo yakajairwa huwandu hwekupisa kwe tembiricha, semubvumirano, -5 ... + 50C. Fluorescent marambi haagoni kushandiswa pamwe chete neDimmers (mhando dzinobvumidza iwe kuronga magetsi kune mwenje). Kunyanya kunyatsoziva, kwemarambi ekuvhiringidza anoda madhiri ehunyanzvi hwakakosha. Havasi vese vagadziri vezvigadzirwa zvewiring vanogadzirwa, chete gira (Germany) uye Legrant (France). Kazhinji ivo vakagadzirirwa marara emhando yepamusoro nevakabatanidzwa kodzero dzemagetsi uye dzakasiyana mumutengo wakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kana iwe ukashandisa dimmer kuti uchinje kusimba kwechiedza chechiedza, ramba uchifunga kuti kana uchitsiva macomercent mumarambi anokurumidza kujekesa chiedza nechiedza.
Uku kubatana kunonyanya kukoshesa kambani yekambani Osram- Dulux El Dim. Uku ndiko cll, iyo redunhu remagetsi reizvi izvo zvakakodzera kushanda kwemwenje nemwenje unowanzoitwa. Chishandiso chitsva chinoita kuti zvikwanisike kugadzirisa kukura kweiyo flation flux muhuwandu hwe15-100% nenzira yakafanana neyakajairika incandecent mwenje.
Nzira inonakidza yekugadzirisa dambudziko rekugadzirisa kupenya kweCLL inopa Megaman. Iyo Dors Dimming Series dzaishandiswa Technology Kuderedza kana Kuwedzera Kupenya Uchishandisa Chinyorwa Chemagetsi-Chishandiso. Kuti uite kupenya kupenya chirongwa, iwe unofanirwa kugonesa uye kudzima chiedza che 1 s. Manpulating switch, iwe unogona kushandura kuwanda kwemwenje (5, 33, 66, 100%).
Plus dze "kupisa kutanga"
Kune marambi ekuchengetedza simba ane pre-kudziya (mwenje unenge wainenge 1 masekondi mushure mekuchinja) uye nekutanga kutonhora (zvinosanganisirwa pakarepo). Mari yekutanga inodhura zvakanyanya, asi ine nhamba isina muganho yekudzosa, yechipiri "usafarire" zvekuti yakavhurwa uye vadzime kazhinji. Semuenzaniso, general yemagetsi kambani inosimbisa hupenyu hwebasa hwekisimusi yayo pachiyero chechitanhatu pazuva. Iyo ipfupi-yekuvhura yemushini yenguva isingasviki 20min inokonzeresa kupfeka kwakasimba uye zvakanyanya kuderedza iyo nguva yekuvhiya kwayo. Mavhiri, apo mwenje unofanira kuvhura uye kazhinji kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa marambi nekupedza-kudziya. Kunze, ivo havana kusiyana nemhando dzakatangira kutanga, saka mhando yegadziriro yavo inofanirwa kujekeswa nemutengesi.
Nekuramba kwenguva refu, marara ese eFluorescent anodonha mwenje anodzoka. Iyo yakajairwa inoonekwa seinodzikira mune ichi chiratidzo ne20% pakupera kwehupenyu hwakafungidzirwa hwebasa, asi pane yakaderera-mhando phosphor, iyo nhanho yechiedza inogona kuve makumi mashanu muzana. Maiwe, kusavhurika hakugone kusiyanisa yakakwirira-mhando phosphor kubva kune isina kunaka mhando. Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchida kupenya kwemwenje usiri kuderera zvakanyanya sezvo zviwanikwa zvinogadzirwa, zvinokwanisika kuraira zvigadzirwa zvevanyatso vanozivikanwa uye vanogadzira vagadziri.
Pakupedzisira, ini ndoda kutaura mazwi mashoma nezvechengeteko uye ecology. Mercury vaviri vari kushandiswa mumarambi ekunakidzwa. Mari yavo yakadzorwa zvakanyatsogadziriswa nezvakakodzera zviyero zvinoshanda kune vagadziri muEurope, Asia neUnited States. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe iwe ukatadza netsaona mwenje wakadaro pamba, hazvigone kufungwa nezvikonzero zvekuvhunduka, zvakanaka kune iyo kamuri. Pfupiso yeiyo yepamusoro yekuchengetedza marambi ane flask yakaiswa neyakakosha silicone sheath - semuenzaniso, iyo candle Series (Megaman). Kana bulb yakadaro yechiedza ichiwa uye splits, zvidimbu uye mercury vaviri vaviri havazoperi mumhepo.
Sezvo paine mercury mumarambi emvura, haagoni kukandwa pamwe chete neyakajairwa imba yemarara. Chipatara, makomputa edu haasati achiratidza chikonzero chekuziva. Semuenzaniso, muEurope neUnited States kune marara matangi akanyatsogadzirwa kwete kungoita mwenje wechiLuminescent, asiwo emabhatiri, terevhizheni kinescopic uye zvimwe zvakafanana zvishandiso zvakafanana. WomsKwe ine mafemu akakwana akabatanidzwa mukurasa marara ane ngozi, asi ivo vanoshanda pamwe nemasangano, kunyangwe chibvumirano chebasa navo chinogona kugumisa chero munhu. Ehezve, muridzi wechiedza chimwe chete chiedza haazotombobvumirana, asi kune muridzi mukuru wevaridzi veimba, basa rakafanana haritomboremi nemari. Sezvavanotaura, trifle, asi zvakanaka. Skido- zvine hunyanzvi kubva pane zvakasikwa maonero ekuona.