Iyo yeJapan medieval yemukati inokanganisa kurira kwemazuva ano. Chii chinoita kuti maitiro aya ave akakodzera?
Iko kusanganiswa kweRattan uye bamboo kunotisvitsa kune zvakasikwa uye kugumisa nyota ye "kuchena kwechimwe chete." Mapuranga akapetwa akagadzirwa neanotsvedza - imwe mhando yekupeta chikamu. Ivo vanosanganisa nheyo yeshiri, asi kusiyana nayo iyo yakagadziriswa, sezviri kugovera
Mupfekeri neincoining anoratidza imwe yenyaya yeiyo nzvimbo yeJapan Art
Iko kusanganiswa kwechidzitiro uye hangita neiyo concise decor muJapan inoberekera mifananidzo yezvidzidzo zvetsiva. Nekudaro, fashoni pane chimiro cheJapan yakakonzera mifananidzo mitsva kuhupenyu, dzimwe nguva chaizvo avant-garde
Yakasimba geometrism mafomu uye mitsara inosuma kusarudzo yechiJapan yemukati yeIntel-
Hurukuro, dzisingadzikisiki munguva dzazvino, dzichichengeta tsika dzechiJapan uye epurasitiki tsika. Mota yemotokari yakakwanisa kusungira kuita imwe chete yakapetwa mufananidzo nzvimbo, vhoriyamu uye nhetembo dzechimiro
Simba retsika yeJapan inonzwa mune yakakura kudzikama ndege yechipfuva
Mifananidzo yeJapan yemukati ine mitsara yakajeka yakajeka. Kugadziriswa zvakanyatsorongeka, ugaro uhwu hunosanganisa madimikira emabvazuva uye kumadokero. Kimono pamadziro anoshanda decorative midziyo
Mufananidzo weiyo yemukati yakasarudzika pasi peJapan yakagadzirwa nekuda kwetiyeti akati wandei tafura, accessories, pasi
Iyi izana 100% kuEuropean Kamuri kune iyo yekutsvaira kweJapan inotsvedza, yakagadzirwa kubva kuhuranda zvine zvinhu zvinotambanudzwa zvakavatambanudzwa pamusoro pavo. Pahafu-mraba mat
"Chishuwo chekuzvisarudzira zvinhu zvakaunganidzwaKune basa rekusaziva. Zviri nani kana vakapararira.
Izvi zvinokonzeresa pfungwa yekusagadzikana kwehupenyu.
Kunyangwe mukuvakwa kweiyo imperial Palace
Imwe nzvimbo yakasiiwa yakanangana isina kufadzwa ... "
Kenko-Hoshi. "Zvinyorwa Kubva kuDombo"
Nhasi zvichave nezve tsika yekuzvidza kweJapan kwatiri. Tsika, zvinoshamisa kusanganisa mazana emakore-ekare tsika uye neyakafambira mberi maindasitiri eindasitiri. Kunyangwe munhu akakurumidza kuzivana neJapan Medieval emukati anoshamisa ane ruzha rwazvino ruzha. Yakavanzika uye kumberi nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa muXV-XVI-XVI-XVI-dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva dzinobva kumapeji emukati mehurumende.
Chii chinoita kuti idzo yechiJapanese yechiJapan yakanakira nhasi? Nyika dzakatangwa dzechiedza chekare uye neyakajeka, zvakawandisa, vagari venhaka yetsika yekare, zvakaoma kushamisa huwandu hwezvishongo zvekuvaka. Dzivisa kusavapo kwekushongedza kwekushongedza, kunatsiridzwa kwakakosha, zvinogoneka. Pfungwa iyi ingangodaro yekuti Japan, nekuda kwechitsuwa charo kuzviparadzaniswa, kunozivisa bazi rinokosha rekusimudzira kwevanhu. Kwete mutauro chete, asi zvido zvekunyepedzera, ruzha, ruvara rwepamhepo rwechiJapan zvakanyanya zvakasiyana neEuropean. Zvimwe chete izvozvo zvinogona kuve zvakachengeteka kune iyo yekugadzira-spatial dzidziso yeimba yeJapan, haina zvizere "kwete" zvisikwa zvedu.
Biography maitiro
Kune veEuropean vakararama pamberi peiyo Xvieiiv. Iyo inozvikwanira, maitiro echiJapan seinobva pane zvemukati mifananidzo yakamutsa nguva pfupi yadarika. Iro zita rekuti "Symbolt Symbol", hongu, mamiriro. Pakupera kwe xv kutanga kweiyo xviv. Yekutanga Kuuya kuJapan uye, chinhu chikuru chakadzoka makosi emumba (ATo aive mamishinari echiPutukezi) akaunzwa kubva kunyika isingazivikanwe, ngatiti, "vanokuvenura". Izvi zvaiwanzove neiyo silika kimono, fan, zvombo, nepec sthuettes, makamuri uye shiri. Hachisi chokwadi here, rondedzero haina kuchinja zvakawandisa kwemakore mazana mashanu apfuura? Ehe, hapana tsika tsika inogona kuve chero kutaura. MaJapan, nenzira, zvakare ane hukama nevatorwa vakaita zvinopfuura nokungwarira, uye havana kutsvagira kuchinjanisa kwetsika, nhume nevatengesi havana kutumwa. Saka danho rekutanga mune ino nyaya ndeyedu.Kukwira kunotevera kufarira nyika yezuva rinobuda (Japan zvine musoro kutaurwa zvine musoro kuti mugumo weXXvv, nguva yekutanga tsika uye kutsvaga kwetsika nyowani yekufuridzirwa. Zvinangwa zveJapan zvinogona kunyatso kushanya, inowanikwa mumifananidzo ye modigliani, van gogh, picasso. Pamwe, panguva ino, zvinhu zvepamoyo zveJapan zvakapinda kwenguva yekutanga muhupenyu hweEuropean, kazhinji muchimiro chezvifananidzo pane shirs. Kunyora kweJapan nevamwe kwakabudirira kubudirira, mabhuku eJapan anoshandurwa. Pamberi pekutevedzera zvakananga uye kutevedzera, chokwadi, kwaive kuchiri kure. Nekudaro, ivo vane madzibaba ekutanga ezvivakwa zvemazano uye dhizaini yeFL. RYT, lekorbysik, makintosh vaiziva nheyo huru yesangano remukati mechiJapan uye yavo yekushandiswa. Isu tichaita reservation kamwechete izvo zvakanyanya isu tinofarira nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa cheJapan neEuropean yemukati.
Zvinoshamisa kuti kare kwekutanga kweiyo Xviiv., Panguva yeiyo heiday yekugadzira kweJapan, nheyo huru dzekuvaka uye dhizaini yeimba yakagadzira. Kubudirira kwehupfumi hwenyika hupfumi kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuvaka dzimba dzakavakirwa, samurai dzimba dzekugara uye kunyange mizhinji-storey castle. Pakupedzisira, iyo centralised imperial simba rakazopikiswa mukuvaka: B1606. Herodezi castle yakavakirwa, uye mune 1626-inozivikanwa Nida castle muKyoto. Ehezve, iyo yekuvaka yeJapan yakazivikanwa nenguva uye Renaissance, uye makumi emakore. Nekudaro, isu tinoteerera zano reiyo nhetembo huru yevaGealava Japan Matsuo Bass: "Usaburitsa tsoka dzevakuru, asi tsvaga zvavaitsvaga."
Nzvimbo sechirango
Nzvimbo inowirirana, yakagadzikana uye isingawanzo kufadza yaive imwe yezvikamu zveiyo yaitsvaga yekare. " Musiyano wakashata wezvetsika wechiJapan wechiJapan kubva kuEuropean, huzivi hwayo hunokosha ndiko kusagadzikana kukuru, kusiyana. Mukati memukati weimba yechiJapan inokwanisa uye nekukurumidza kushandura. Iyo yakakosha yezambirano yeasina kusingaperi uye mota (Fuek Ryuuku) Mukubatana kwezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvinokatyamadza neyechinguva mhomha. Iyo Swiniere chiratidzo cheiyi pfungwa inova musanganiswa weiyo yakatarwa chimiro chechivako uye nekuparadzanisa kwekutsvedza, izvo zvinobvumidza pakarepo kushandura mahofisi epamhepo emakamuri epamoyo. Asi kuchinja kwacho hakuperi pachako. Kunaka kwemhinduro dzepamhepo dzeiyo medieval wechiJapan Stritect iri mukurongeka kwavo kwakasimba. Mhepo mhepo yakavhenganiswa netambo dzakaomarara inofungidzirwa nekunyatsofungwa uye kupora zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kweiyo chivakwa.
Iyo inozivikanwa imwe musiyano wakakura pakati peimba yeJapan kubva kuEuropean - kusavapo kweiyo yakadudzwa centine centre mukati. Izvo zvinobvumira muoni kuti azvifungidze iye, sezvaanofungidzira iye pakati pezvinhu zvakasikwa, ari mumamiriro ekunze. Ichi chimiro chekuvakwa kwekuchengetedza nzvimbo chinokosheswa nevashandi vemazuvano uye nekuzvidavirira.
Kune mamwe maitiro ekuvaka, akakodzera nhasi. Chikoro chikuru uye chetsika chivakwa kwaigara paine muti, kubva ipapo nekukurumidza, pasina mbambo imwe, dhizaini risingaperi rakagadzirwa. Kudarika kwanga kusiri pamadziro, asi pachifuranga. Yakadaro iri nyore uye inonzwisisika tilctonic system yakasungirirwa chimiro cheSecism Rishance. Kuwedzera, zvisingaite zvekuvaka zvekuvakisa kune veEuropean mapepa. Ziva kuti ugaro hunobva huni uye pepa dzaive panguva imwe chete nyore uye dzakareruka uye dzakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya chando chando uye kugeza. Kuvaka kwakadaro kunovhura mikana yekuregererwa, nekuti kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvekusangana nazvo imba zvichienderana neyimwe module. Pfungwa yekuvaka zvivakwa kubva kune huni uye pepa haina kuwana mafomu muEurope, uye kunyanya muRussia, asi yakazove nyore kwazvo munzvimbo yemukati yedzimba dzemazuva ano.
Kubva panguva yekare, madziro eimba yechiJapan imari dzakasarudzika dzakasviba. Yakamutswa pasi pedenga, iwindi diki, semutongi akawedzera kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Makwikwi maviri anotonga, nekuti madziro ekunze akafukidzwa nepepa (sedzi) zvine mwero skip mwenje kubva mumugwagwa. Kuongorora kwezuva reJapan rakajeka rinopenya, rinodzivirira kunzwisisa uye kuongorora iyo yese runako rwemamiriro ezvinhu. Kweanopfuura nguva, madziro ekunze akavharwa neyemapuranga yekudzidzira matanda- Amado. Uyezve, muti uri mukati nokunze wakaramba uripo: bitch, marara, fibrouts, filus chimiro chakagadzira maitiro echisikigo ekushongedza maitiro. Mateti eTatami akaremerwa uye iyo huru, uye yekugara, uye nzvimbo dzehupfumi. Kuve nehukuru hwe1.80.9M, ivo vakashanda semukati memukati me module. Iyo nzvimbo yeimba yeJapan inogara zvichienderana nemirairo yechisikirwo, ichiramba ichipfuurira nyika yakapoteredzwa uye dzimwe nguva kusanganisa naye. Naizvozvo, kazhinji kazhinji pamadziro zvinoratidzwa miti, shiri, zvidiki zvemvura, zvichitendera kududzira imba sechinhu chidiki chechisikigo. Madziro ekunze ari kuchinjika, fekitori yatove makomo chaiwo, miti uye, zvechokwadi, kusingaperi fuji kuve chikamu chekamuri. Kana iwe uchifunga nezve mavambo egirazi madziro uye mikova yemazuva ano inotsvedza mumhando dzese, ipapo kutaurirana kwavo kwekukurukurirana neJapan furuum kuri pachena. Fusum ndeyekutsvaira kwemukati kupatsanurana, iyo iri pombi yemapuranga, yakasungirirwa pamativi ese nepepa desense. Kuzvikudza kwakadaro kunotumirwa kune yakakosha grooves iripo pasi uye matanda okudenga. Pfungwa yekutsvedza madziro yakatsvedza mune chaiyo yekuchengetedza yeJapan yenzvimbo uye yaive yakanyanya kukodzera munzvimbo dzakasarudzika dzeEurope dzimba dzeEuropean.
Imwezve yakakodzera kwatiri chinhu cheJapan yemukati chikamu chidzitiro chinogona kushandura pachako uye kukanganisa nzvimbo yakakomberedza pachayo. Iyo lubrication yeimba shiri ndeye yakawanda mbozhanhare kupfuura chikamu. Iyo nyoro nyoro, ichitonga mumba, ine zvakaringana pamwe nekupenda pendi uye sirm. Girita rinovapa zvishoma zvekupisa, vachiratidza mwenje wechisikigo. Ruvara gamut yekugara kweJapan kunogadzirwa pakuverenga kwemwenje pasina mimvuri uye zvinokwanisika zuva, izvo zvinokwanisika nekuda kwemadziro eTranslucent nedenga remba.
Shiri ine yakati wandei sash (panogona kunge paine maviri, matatu kana anopfuura). Imwe neimwe sash is bamboo kana yemapuranga chimiro, akasungirirwa pamativi ese nesirika, mapepa kana vaviri. Masaga anorongwa nekona kune mumwe nemumwe. MaGiants akave ne shipms isati yasvika gumi nemaviri uye fomu yakawedzerwa yasvika 8m. Vakapenda mascara avo, vachishongedza motifscape motifs, calligraphy, nhetembo zvinyorwa kumashure kweiyo nzira neshiri nemaruva. Izvi zvinhu zvekushongedza zvinhu zvaive rudzi rwekupenda uye mifananidzo yemifananidzo. Shirma Proportions inogara ichisanganiswa nehuwandu hweimba, uye pendi dzayo dzekushongedza munzvimbo dzisina chinhu dzave kushanda kwazvo. Muzhinji, iyo skrini iri mulimiri isingaperi - ine maChinese, asi gare gare kunyorwa kwemukati maJapan. Kana iyo fusum ichitsvedza ichitsvedza muEuropean kunzwisisa ndeye rusvingo rwemamiriro ekunze, ipapo iyo skrini yacho ishoma madziro. Basa ravo mukuparadzaniswa kwemukati rakapatsanurwa. Iyo nzvimbo inoramba iri imwe, uye shirima kwenguva pfupi inoparadzanisa imwe kana chimwe chikamu chezvakangoitika zvacho chaicho (yezororo, kugamuchira, basa, kurara).
Sezvacherechedzwa, kusiyana neEuropean, iyo yeJapan yemukati yakagadzirwa seyakanyanya kusagadzikana. Ndokunge, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, zvimwe zvinhu zvinoratidzika mukamuri, nepo vamwe vakacheneswa. MaJapan aesthetics anouraya: "Zvese hazvina basa zvakashata." Zviri pachena kuti maJapan kunyimwa nyika akajaira zvinhu zvishoma. Imwe chete isina vase, kana imwe shiri, kana mupumburu ine calligraphilly yakanyorwa imwe-yega hieroglyph. Kana tafura yakaunzwa mukamuri, ipapo chimwe chinhu chinobudiswa. Yeuka kuti zvitsuwa zveJapan zvakagara zvichikanganiswa nekatano echisikigo: kudengenyeka, tsunami, typhoon. Saka nei uchiwana zvakawanda zvinhu?
Yakavakwa-mune yakagadzikana zvinhu
Saka, maJapan vaipindirana, kusiyana neEuropean, vakanyimwa nhamba yakakura yezvinhu zvemamiriro ezvinhu. Basa remidziyo yakaitwa niches uye pasi pevhu mazinga. Munzvimbo yepamoyo isina chinhu uye yemahara, chero lacoconic dhizaini kana yakavakwa-mulement (semuenzaniso, niche) inoonekwa pachena. Zviyero zvezvinhu zvidiki. Iyo kamuri yese inoonekwa kubva kune iyo inoonekwa padenga iri mu 70cm kubva pasi. Izvi zvinoderedza kukwirira kwakazara kweimba.Isu tine chikwereti cheJapan uye chimwewo kuwanikwa, saka zvakabatanidzwa muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva hwatisingafunge nezvezvakatangira. Tiri kutaura nezve kupisa pasi. Rentally gare gare Guest pekugara Nizi vaongorori vaongorora vaongorori vakawana chinoshamisa chimney chakaiswa pasi.
Mumukati meJapan zvemukati, isu tine mafashoni nhasi, pfungwa ye zoning yakanzwika uye inotaurwa pamatanho ese-anokanganisa kune zvekufananidzira. Asi inonyanya kukosha kune yeJapan uye nhasi zoning ndeyemagariro. Pfungwa iyi inosanganisira nzvimbo yakajeka nzvimbo mumba kune mumwe nemumwe wemhuri, pane nzvimbo dzinokudzwa, kushamiswa kushoma, kune muridzi, evakadzi, ivo vakadzi. Nzvimbo inonyanya kukurumbira iri padyo neyakagadzirwa-mukuumbwa kwenystem nhatu, Tsuke-zvivi naTigaydan. Iyi ndiyo chikamu chiri kure kwazvo chenzvimbo iyo ine yakakwirira pasi pasi chikamu.
Niche laconism yake inosimbisa runako rwemadziro ndege, denga kana pasi. Anogona kupa chimiro chakasiyana. MaJapan Nighes anogona kuitwa mune fomu yeiyo yakapfava yakatwasuka kana yakatwasuka rectangles. Kazhinji pane kuumbwa kunoshamisa kwematare uye yakatwasuka niches.
Mukuumbwa kwechinyakare kweimba yeJapan pakanga paine matatu marudzi makuru emhando. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakakosha zvezvinhu zvinogona kunzi yakakosha nices nehwindo uye newindo silli yakashanda yekuverenga nekunyora (tsuke-syn). Nyora Niches (Toconom) yakaiswa vanoputa, mashama nemaruva kana mipumburu yependi uye calligraphy. Kwakatangira uye kuvapo kwezvinhu izvi zvemukati zvinodzokera kumufananidzo weatari muTembere yechiBuddha. Chimwe chechitatu chakavakwa-chekare chakavakirwa chivakwa ichi chiri kuwanikwa masherufu emabhuku (Tigaydan). Izvi zvinhu zvitatu zvichiri kuwanikwa mune zvese zvekugara zvinogara uye zvakapihwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvinoreva chiratidzo. Nekudaro, nanhasi, iyo mipumburu yemipumburu kana svutugadzike inochengetedza itsvene, kukosha kwaro.
Musangano. Ngatitambei nenzvimbo
Nhasi isu, tichikanganwa nezve ruvara, chiedza uye kushongedza, tichaita nenzvimbo. Basa racho harisi nyore, nekuti nzvimbo haivapo pachako.
Kutanga, ngatiedzei kuita izvo zvimedu zvemitambo zvinonzi slurry. Kufamba nechikepe kwakakura-kakawanda kwekamuri yakagadzirwa nepepa kana foam. Inofanira kunge chena, chete kuti ichangoita kuti usazonzwa kushambidzika kwechinhu, kwete chimiro chemadziro kana pasi, asi madziro aya achizadza, kana izvo zvinonzi neyechikamu. Sezvo nzvimbo isingabvumirwe haipo, tora kuti tiratidzwe chero nzvimbo ipi neipi inofarira uye inobata zviyero zvakakodzera. Mushure mekuita zano pachiyero, tinochinjisa chirongwa ichi kune kadhibhodi kuti mita imwe inoenderana ne3-5 cm. Kutenderedza perimeter yakavaka madziro epepa. Wobva wabvisa rimwe remadziro uye ... kutarisirwa, mutambo wacho wakatanga! Izvo zvakazoitika imba yechidhinda, mukati iyo isu tichaona nzvimbo yematanho achangobva kugadzirwa, achirwara, achiwedzera uye anoderera uye anoderera kweshoko repasi. Isu tinoitawo zvinhu izvi kubva papepa uye, kufamba mukati meiyo mamiriro, isu tiri kutsvaga nzvimbo yakakwana kwavari vari vaviri mumamiriro ezvinhu uye akatevera chaiyo yekuita. Isu tinoedza kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzepadenga: padhuze, rakakosha, bhizinesi. Basa redu ndere kuwana nzvimbo yemood yako, mararamiro ako, nzvimbo yekushanda uye nzvimbo yekuzorora.
Asi panguva imwe chete, chinhu chikuru ndechekuchengetedza imwe nzvimbo yakakura yeimba. Kuigovera pamatunhu zvichave nhare mbozha uye pasi mazino anodonha. Iyi nheyo dze zoning dzakaringana zvakakwana nevanogara. Pasi mazinga anogona kushandiswa nekuparadzanisa nzvimbo yerefawa kubva kunzvimbo yekugara, iyo kicheni nharaunda kubva kuimba yekutandarira kana imba yekurara. Zvakawanda zvehupfumi kubva pane maonero ekushanda uye zvishandiso - zvinoshandiswa kune yechinyakare zoning zoning skrini. Ivo vakagadzikana uye mumba yekurara, uye mumba yekutandarira. Iwe unongozvichinja, nguva nenguva ichidzoreredza zvemukati. Winterrier, achishandisa mufananidzo weiyo yekugara kweJapan, inofanira kusimbiswa nekugadzira pepa nehuni. Zvese zvematanda zvinhu zvinosiya zvine mutsa. Kunze kunoitwa nekuda kweshiri. Inogona kunge iri silika, pepa, wicker, dzimwe nguva dzinodzingwa nehuni dzakavezwa.
Russian-Designer Phratebook
Tsuke-Chivi - Mune muJapan mukati meiyo niche nepahwindo uye newindo sill, inotaridza basa redhare rekuverenga uye rekunyora.
Toko kana Toconoma - Niche, mune maruva, vanoputa, mipumburu yakaiswa.
Tigaydana - Niche yemabhuku.
Tatami - Mats yakagadzirwa neGussa huswa uye kuva nedare remupunga uswa. Kubva kune akati wandei tatami, mubhedha unogadzirwa kuti ndeipi yemhando yekotoni futoni yakaiswa pamusoro. Nekudaro, iyo fuin ndeimwe yematongerwo ekare echisikigo ekare.
Tanza - kabati.
Gomba - kupeta sofa ine nyoro futoni.
Fusuma - kutsvedza mukati kupatsanura. Iyo yakagadzirwa dense, kazhinji bepa mupunga kana kadhibhodi pane huni. Yakafukidzwa nependi.
BBU - shiri.
Jezie - Walldoor Wall yeimba yakagadzirwa neyakajeka pepa pasina pendi kana mapatani.
San Surury ("Makomo Mvura") - Rudzi rwakapararira rwemamiriro ekunze. Kazhinji kutaura kunoshandiswa kungosarudza mamiriro ekunze.