Uninzi luzibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwakha ebusika. Uyakwazi, kwaye zombini izitena kunye nezindlu zeplani. Eyona nto iphambili kukuhambelana netekhnoloji yokwakha kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi esiya kuxelela.
Ifoto: UAndrei Shevchenko, Inkampani yokwakha "Igarant-Stroy"
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba wakhe ngexesha lokubandayo? Izimvo zeengcali zincitshiswa koku kuncitshiswa oku kulandelayo: kunokwenzeka, kodwa kuphela ukuba ijonga ngokungqongqo imithetho ekhethekileyo yasebusika yokuqhuba iinkqubo zetekhnoloji. ESweden naseFinland, ofana nefilimotic ngokwemimandla emininzi yaseRussia, "ukwakhiwa" okusezantsi "okusezantsi" kube yinto eqhelekileyo. Yakha i-Woodn (kubandakanya iindonga zesakhelo), i-overlaps kunye nezakhiwo ze-raft, kunye ne-qued fied quides eziphakathi azonwabisi. Kumgangatho wobushushu obunzima kunzima ukusebenza ngekhonkrithi, ayinqweneleki kakhulu ukugcina amandla ebusika kwaye inyuse i-tiles eguquguqukayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba igqibe i-quiades okanye i-tile.
Ukuba kugqitywe isigqibo sokumisa umsebenzi ebusika, emva koko indawo yokwakha kufuneka isetyenziswe kakuhle: ukuvalwa kunye nokuntywila uphahla lwexeshana. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Ungayigalela njani isiseko kwiqabaka
I-anti-rosty yongezwa kwikhonkrithi, kunye neeplastiki zokonyusa ukuhamba kwezinto kunye nezinto, ukukhawulezisa i-story. Ifoto: iplitonit.
Isiseko seNdlu sisiseko, esihlala senziwa ngekhonkrithi. Kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kwe-5 ° C, kuya kufuneka ujonge iindlela ezikhethekileyo kwikhonkrithi. Omnye wabo kukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo esishushu. Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela kwayo, amanzi, isanti kunye nelitye elakrazulayo liyatshiswa. Kule meko, ubushushu bekhonkrithi akufuneki budlule kwi-40 ° C kwaye bungaphantsi kwe-20 ° C, kungenjalo ukushukuma kwayo kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Umsebenzi womenzi-ukwenza umahluko obufudumeleyo ngokukhawuleza okwindawo yokwakha. Ixabiso lekhonkrithi elinje ngama-30% aphezulu athelekiswa nehlobo. Ukuqinisekisa imeko efanelekileyo yeseti yamandla, ikhonkrithi ithululwe kwisiseko esibekiweyo kwaye sifaka umsebenzi.
Xa unyusa iifestile kunye neengcango kwaye ubeka imibhobho, musa ukwenza ngaphandle kwePolytorthane Fom, ezona mpawu ziphambili zeflowe, iziphumo kunye nobunzima. Ifoto: "Iinkqubo-Pro"
Olunye ukhetho kukusebenzisa ikhonkrithi ebandayo apho i-rost-yongezwa) izizwe zaziswa, zinciphise i-frezching yamanzi kunye nokukhawulezisa amandla enzelwe. Uninzi lwazo, izinto ezisekwe kwi-sodium nitite, ikharbon diokside, i-sodium chloride isetyenziswa njengezongezelelo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ngokungqongqo kobunzima bekhonkrithi kunye ne-rost-artive engavisiyo. Ukuba izinto akwanelanga, ikhonkrithi iya kuqala ukukhululeka kwaye inkqubo yokwenziwa kwelitye eliya kuyeka.
Umxube wekhonkrithi wekhonkrithi aqinisekisa ukusasazwa okungafaniyo kweesayindi zesongezo zangaphambi komthamo womxube. Ifoto: Sika.
Ubusika lixesha elifanelekileyo lokusika icawe, enike eyona nto iphambili. Ukutyhoboza i-Deams Loams ilungele ukusebenzisa i-jape ye-jute. Ifoto: "Lona qela"
Ukusetyenziswa kweezongezo ezinganyangekiyo zivumela ukuba zisebenze kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya ukuya -25 ° C, nangona kunjalo, iipropathi zobugcisa zekhonkrithi ebandayo eguqulweyo imbi kakhulu kune-overtoppart yayo yendabuko. Ke ngoko, kukho izithintelo ezininzi ekusebenziseni ezi zinto. Ke, ikhonkrithi enezongezo ze-Antistossal ayinakusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezigxilwe kwangaphambili, kunye nezakhiwo zixhomekeke kwimithwalo enamandla. Ukuba i-sodium chloride okanye i-calcium chloride isebenza njengeongezelelo, ke loo nto ikhonkrithi ayinakuba neyona mibutho idityaniswe nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi, ezinombuso ongazenzisiyo, kwaye zisebenzisa ukwakha izinto zesakhiwo, kumphezulu yezinto ezingavumelekanga.
Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi enezongezo ze-Anti ifunwa kancinci okanye imvume yokuzaliswa kwesiseko. Zonke izongezelelo zithengiswa kwiiphakheji ezinemiyalelo, ukuthotyelwa kwayo kwiqhosha lokudala ubume be-monolithic eqinileyo. Ungasebenza njani ngekhonkrithi "ebandayo"? Ubunzima bubekwe kwindawo yokusebenza kunye ne-compact. Iqondo lobushushu lomxube emva kokuba itywina mali ligqithe ubushushu beqondo lokubonisa lezinto ezikhutshelweyo ze-antioustorreatic onqili kwi-5 ° C. Umphezulu wekhonkrithi, ongakhuselwanga nguFowuni, ugutyungelwe ukuphepha ukuthintela umswakama. Ikhonkrithi igcinwa phantsi kwendawo yokuhlala kude kufikelwe amandla anokufikelelwa.
Umsebenzi omncinci kulula ukuhlanganisa, kodwa akakukhuseli ikhonkrithi kubanda. Ifoto: IZBA De Luxe
Ke ngoko, sebenzisa umxube wasebusika, obonelelwa ngempompo yomxube
Okulandelayo, i-ribkon yesiseko ivaliwe ngefilimu ye-PVC ye-PVC yokuthintela ukuwa kwaye inciphise ilahleko yelahleko yobushushu
Kwiqondo lobude bomda (ukusuka kwi-+3 ° C ukuya kwi-3 ° C), unokuzalisa isiseko se-slab. Kwangelo xesha linye elaphalazwa kwaye lithambise umqamelo wentlabathi
I-Mount yesakhelo senqanaba lesibini
Ikhutshiwe ikhonkrithi nge-anti-frosty yongezwa
Nangona kunjalo, isiseko seSiseko ebusika yinkqubo yengxaki kunye nexesha lokutya. Ixabiso lokhula imingxunya okanye i-pitting ikhula kakhulu, kuba nakwindawo yokudala, umaleko omdaka owenziweyo unokwenza ingxaki enkulu. Hambisa imingxunya ngokutsha: Umhlaba uya kudinga ukulahla i-scrap. Ayinamsebenzi ukufudumeza imililo, kwaye ifowuni yentente eshushu kwifilimu iya kubiza kakhulu.
Iindlela ezinjalo zobusika eziguquguqukayo, ezinjengokufudumeza kombane zomxube kunye nokufakelwa kwefom yethenti, zibiza kakhulu kwaye azizithethi ngokwazo kulwakhiwo olusezantsi lokunyuka.
Enye enye into kwikhonkrithi, kunokwenzeka ukuba icebise ukusebenzisa i-pile-screw screen wikelela kunye ne-scaperer peet. Kuyinyani, iyakulunga kuphela ukukhanya (isakhelo, iibhlorho) izakhiwo ezinobomi benkonzo ebaliweyo engaphezulu kwe-60 yeminyaka.
Yakha iindonga ezifana nebhloko ye-foam kunye nebhloko yekhonkrithi ye-ceramzite, unako. Kuyinyani, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhlokhi ezivuniweyo kunye neziqwengana ze-mandry zigutyungelwe kwaye azikwenziwanga kumphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukongeza, ukwakhiwa kwesisombululo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinto zokhetho kufuneka zinikwe kwi-heathers ekhethekileyo kunye nemixube yesamente eguqulweyo. Ifoto: "I-Helel-Block"
Kwipropathi yekhonkrithi
Isisombululo sekhonkrithi kunye ne-Masonry zezona zinto zisengozini zokwakha ubusika. Kwiqondo lokushisa elingalunganga, amanzi aqulathe ukwenziwa kwabo kuqala ukukhululeka. Kule meko, amanzi anyukayo kwivolumu nge-9%, kwaye uxinzelelo olukhula kwi-pore lutshabalalisa ubume bomxube ongengowo. I-Frost yikhonkrithi entsha efanelekileyo. Emva kokufikelela kuma-50% amandla, ifuthe lobushushu obuphantsi alibalulekanga kangako. Kukufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubunzima bekhonkrithi bukhawulezisa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaphandle kwenkqubo yesamente i-qument-i-ExOthermic, ukuze umxube uzinikele.
Ibhloko ye-ceramnzite ikhonkrithi. Ifoto: "I-CETATAT kunye"
Iimpawu ze-Brick Masonry
Zimbini iindlela eziphambili ze-Brick kwiqondo lodaka eliphantsi- "ukhululekile" kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezongezelelekileyo. Eyona nto iphambili yowokuqala yile ilandelayo. Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo esinesanti esineqondo lobushushu ngexesha lomsebenzi, kungekudala likhululeka kwi-SEAMS kunye ne-HORDEY ubukhulu becala kwiNtwasahlobo emva kweShafu, kunye nasebusika. Ukuze iqondo lobushushu lesisombululo alinalo ixesha lokuwa ngaphantsi kwendawo ebaliweyo, i-masry ekhokelela kwisantya esikhawulezileyo. Isisombululo esilungiselelwe kufuneka sichithwe kangangemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30.
Uninzi lweengcali zivumelana noluvo lokuba ukubekwa kwendlela yokukhwaza kungcono ukungakhokeli. Inyani yile yokuba ngokungxama okukhawulezayo okhawulezayo kwi-Seams, umxube we-Binder kunye neSanti eButyhilekileyo ngumkhenkce ngumkhenkce. Isisombululo kungekudala silahlekelwa yiplastiki, i-seams ethe tyaba ayikabikho ngokwaneleyo, kwaye xa ithe tyaba, ikhulisa i-stiment ye-sundry egqwesileyo kwaye yenze isoyikiso kumandla kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo.
Iyunithi ekhethiweyo ye-ceramic inokubekwa kwisisombululo esishushu kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya alikho ngaphezulu -5 ° C. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Indlela yesibini ibandakanya ukuqalisa isisombululo sezongezo ezikhethekileyo, ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yemichiza yesamente. Ndiyabulela kubo, inexesha lokufumana amandla kwiqondo lobushushu elibi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 ° C). Kodwa izithintelo, njengakwimeko yekhonkrithi "ebandayo", ziyafumaneka. Ngokukodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo kunye noogxa bee-Aniosasal kunokukhokelela kwimbonakalo yobunzima kwicala elingaphambili le-Masonry. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa komxube onjalo ngohlobo oluthile lwamatye kufuneka aququzelwe nombutho weprojekthi.
Uphahla lobusika
Inkqubo yeRafter ngexesha lasebusika lingakhiwa kuyo nayiphi na into. Kodwa izakhiwo eziprikhi zifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Ukusukela ngo -20 ... -25 ° japing ye-suidity yendalo iba buthathaka, ukunamathiselwa kwe-rafter kubonisa ubunzima obuthile - umthi unokunika iqhekeza. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukwenza umsebenzi wokwenza inkqubo yeRAFRT kwiqondo lobushushu ephezulu. Njengophahla, ungasebenzisa naziphi na izinto ngaphandle kwethayile.
Xa ufaka uphahla lwethayile-yesanti, izitavu ezibonakalayo zisasazwe ngokulinganayo kwindiza yesiketi, ukuze ngexesha lokusebenza azihambi kwiimveliso ngexesha lokusebenza. Ifoto: I-Tatyana Karaklova / I-Burda Media
Ukuqasha kuqala kwi-Cornice Tile, eqiniswe ngesikroba kunye ne-anti-themers mesmers
Icala (i-Fintul) Iikholamu ze-tile zikwaxhomekeke kunyanzeliso olunyanzelekileyo.
I-AFE PRCY AEROE AEFT, UMQOQOSHO WOKUGQIBELA
Ukunyuka kobusika
Kukho ubusika, ihlobo kunye ne-foam yonyaka kwintengiso. I-foam yasebusika inokubangelwa kukungaphezulu, kuba kuyavuma ukusebenzisa amaqondo obushushu avela--10 ° C (kwinani labavelisi abavela ku-25 ° C) ukuya kwi-2010 ° C. Ebusika, umswakama uphantsi, kwaye ukwakhiwa kweemfuno zokufuma. I-foam yasebusika yahlukile ehlotyeni, into esebenza kwiimeko ezintsonkothileyo, nkqu ne-suidid eyoneleyo. Kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kulwazi malunga nokuba yeyiphi iqondo lobushushu lebhaluni, kuba uninzi lweengoma ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kufuneka zifuduselwe. Abanye abavelisi bayasiqinisekisa ukuba i-foam yabo inokusetyenziswa ngo--20 ° C, kodwa ibhalloon kufuneka ifudumele. Kule meko, awuyi kuba nexesha lokuchitha ibhaluni yonke, njengoko iya kuphila ngokukhawuleza. Asimele silibale ukuba ipeni yasebusika lubomi beshelufu emfutshane kunehlobo.Ukwakhiwa kwendlu yomthi ebusika
Iinkcukacha zezakhelo ezenziwe ngeenkuni ezomileyo ziyoyika imvula kunye nokufuma okuphezulu, hayi iqabaka. Ifoto: "I-CETATAT kunye"
Lawula i-shrinkage yelog entsha kufuneka qho kwiinyanga ezi-2-3, kubandakanya ubusika. Kwangelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukuhlengahlengisa ababuyo-brow kwaye ujonge ukuba ayibonakali ezindongeni zefutus, ayizange ikhokelele kwi-rafrid. Ifoto: UAndrei Shevchenko, Inkampani yokwakha "Igarant-Stroy"
Indlu yelogo ejikelezwe yenziwa kwiimeko zefektri (a), kunokwenzeka ukuba yakhile ibhokisi kwilitha ngehlobo nasebusika. Ifoto: VADIM Kovalev / I-Budadiadia Media
Xa uhlanganisa ilog yelog okanye i-bar, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayilo manzi otywina. Ifoto: "NB" nb "
Ibar, evulwe ehlotyeni kwi-stack, inomswakama omncinci kwaye ayikukhulunga ebusika, ekuvumela ukuba usike ngobukhulu kwaye ukhethe ii-grooves kunye nezitya kwindawo yokwakha. Ifoto: I-Dombrus
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zodonga ezivela kwigloves ze-gloves okanye izithintelo zeqondo lobushushu azinawo. Imisebenzi ayiqhutywa kwimvula kunye nekhephu ukunqanda ukumanzi kwendawo yokungenelela kunye nokufakelwa. Ebusika, uSuku oluMfutshane loKhangelo lufuna isixhobo kwindawo yokwakha yezibane zokwakha. Inzima, xa kuthelekiswa nexesha lehlobo, iimeko zokusebenza ziyandisa ixesha lomsebenzi, kwaye imeko yendlela enzima ngamanye amaxesha ithintela izixhobo zokwakha ngexesha elimiselweyo. Ngokubanzi, ukwakhiwa kobusika kubiza kakhulu kunehlobo, kodwa ukwehla kwamaxabiso ezinto ezisisiseko kuyayihlawula ngokuyinxenye kulo mahluko. Ewe kunjalo, unokwabela imisebenzi enjalo kuphela yinkampani enemigangatho efanelekileyo.
Konstantin maslov
Injineli yeNdawo yokubekwa esweni kubuchwephesha "IZBA De Lu"
Isakhiwo sekhefu okanye indlu evela kwiiphaneli ze-SIP iya kwakhiwa kwiyelenqe ngeenyanga ezi-2-3 kuphela, kwaye eyona mjikelezo iphambili inokucwangciswa ngexesha lokubandayo. Ifoto: Shutterstock / ifoto
Ukwakhiwa kwendlu ye-skeleton ebusika akubangeli bunzima. Sicebisa ukuba sisebenzise isiseko kwi-piles screw kwiqela laseRussia, kunye nesixhobo esinokufunwa amandla amakhulu kwaye akukho sidingo sokusebenzisa izixhobo ezinzima. Xa iindonga kunye nophahla zifakwe kwitekhnoloji yaseCanada yaseKhanada, kufuneka ukuba zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba yonke i-sandwich ", kunye nomhlaba osisiseko, ikhephu elimanzi, imvula enkulu, imvula yemvula, imvula enkulu, imvula ye-ices ayithanga). Ukugqitywa kwe-intanethi nge-lining kwaye ngayo nayiphi na iipaneli kuvunyelwe kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi. I-Plaster kuphela, imisebenzi yokupeyinta kunye nokupeyinta ayifakwanga.
I-Sergey Way.
Injineli ye-STROY