Ukusukela ngo-Matshi ngo-2016, inkqubo yokufumana kwakhona amatyala okusetyenziswa kwezinto yenziwe lula. Ngoku imibutho yolawulo kunye nee-hoas zinokufumana iodolo yomthetho oya kubavumela ukuba babuyise amatyala abathengisi bakamasipala kuluhlu lwama-500 amawaka.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Phantse malunga ne-100 yeebhiliyoni zamatyala kwiinkonzo zeBhodi eqokelelwe ngo-2016, ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba izibalo, kodwa ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ayinakwenzeka ukuyidlulisela kubanini bamagumbi.
Ityala elilungileyo lifanelwe ngenye
Ngokuhambelana neemfuno zeKhowudi yeZindlu yeRoma yaseRussia, abanini kunye namagumbi kufuneka aqulethe indawo yokuhlala kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo kwaye bahlawula rhoqo iinkonzo zokusebenzisa. Xa ubalwa oorhulumente basekhaya kufuneka basebenzise uluhlu lwamaxabiso asekwe kwizenzo ezifanelekileyo zomthetho. Ukubala kuvelisa inkampani yolawulo, ikwathumela kumnini ngamnye (okanye umqeshi) werisithi yendlu. Elokugqibela kufuneka libonise uhlobo lwentlawulo, isixa seenkonzo ezibonelelweyo, irhafu, ubungakanani beeprimiyamu zeinshurensi, kunye nenani lentlawulo.Ukuhlawula amacebo, ixesha elithile lisekiwe, ngokuchasene naloo tyala lihlawuliswa ngepeni. Ukufumana isixa esifanelekileyo, umbolekisi unokufaka isicelo kwinkundla, ngesigqibo sokuba ityala liza kuqokelela i-califfs okanye iarhente yokuqokelela. Nangona kunjalo, kwiibhedi zebhayili, inani lamatyala ombhakisi ngamnye lincinci, kwaye sibhekise kubaqokeleli lolawulo kuphela ukuba ikhontrakthi yolawulo kuphela ukuba ikhontrakthi igqitywe nge-Deverature, okuthile ekwenzeni umntu onetyala. Ngakumbi, into enjalo ayibandakanyi kwimvumelwano, kwaye ngenxa yoko banetyala abanakuhlawula ixesha elide kakhulu, ukuqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa. Ke ngoko, ukusukela ngo-2016, iinguqu zenziwa kumthetho: Inkqubo yokuqokelelwa lula amatyala kunye nezohlwayo zenkqubela phambili zaziswa.
I-odolo yeJajiticia
Inketho enjalo ilula kwaye ilungele umbolekisi-inkampani yolawulo, eyaneleyo yokufaka kwinkundla kwindawo yokuhlala enesiteyitimenti malunga nokukhutshwa komyalelo wenkundla. Inkqubo ayisiyo-nova, inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kubo bonke abanamatyala, kodwa i-Federal umthetho we-02.03.2016 Nomb. Uku-odola njenge-algorithm ephambili yokufumana amatyala ngerente kwiinkundla zolawulo ngokubanzi (hayi kwi-Alaphotion).
Isigqibo somyalelo wenkundla ukuba sibuyise ityala kwirente senziwe ngaphandle kwenkqubo kunye nomceli mngeni wamaqela ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwintlanganiso. Isigqibo sazisiwe nge-Deloulter kunye noMbutho woLawulo, emva koko amaqela aneentsuku ezili-10 zokubhena. Ukuba isikhalazo asifikeleli, umyalelo uphantsi kobulawa kwangoko
I-odolo yomthetho-isigqibo esenziwe nguMgwebi sodwa kwisiteyitimenti sokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo okanye malunga nokubuyiswa kwepropathi eshukumayo, ukuba impahla yepropathi engasusuliyo ayigqithi kuma-500 ama-ruble. Isicelo sokukhutshwa kwenkqubo yezomthetho kwisakhiwo kunye nomxholo yeyokwesimo esiqhelekileyo sebango. Inxalenye yokwazisa iqala ngemiyalelo kamantyi, iphinde iphinde iphinde (iKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho okanye i-HOA) kunye nalowo unetyala. Ukuba ummangalelwa ubhaliswe okwethutyana kwindlu, iindleko zokusebenzisa izinto oza kuzibiza ngazo, kufuneka uchaze indawo yobhaliso ngokusisigxina (ukuba iyaziwa ngokubanzi). Inxalenye echazayo kufuneka ibandakanye umhla ongumnikazi wetyala lezindlu (ukuqinisekisa isicelo kufuneka ibe sisicatshulwa esivela kwi-USRP kwi-ESPEST).
Ukuba akukho siqinisekiso sobunini, iikopi zesenzo sokwamkelwa kunye (okanye) siya kufunwa. Eyona nxalenye iphambili ibonisa iinkcukacha zeprothokholi zeNdibano ekusekweni kobukhulu bentlawulo yomxholo wepropathi eqhelekileyo, kunye neentlawulo kwezinye iimfuno zendlu (la maxwebhu ayadingeka ukufumanisa inani lamatyala). Inxalenye yokusebenza yesicelo yimfuneko yokukhupha i-odolo yomyalelo, inani kunye nexesha lokuqokelelwa kwetyala kunye nezohlwayo (isohlwayo). Isicelo kufuneka siqhotyoshelwe kuzo zonke iikopi zamaxwebhu aqinisekisa ubukho betyala: ubalo lwetyala kunye nezohlwayo zexesha elihambelanayo; Iiprotokholi zeNtlanganiso, ngexesha lemali yokuhlawula iimfuno eziqhelekileyo; isivumelwano kunye nolungiselelo lokubonelelwa kweenkonzo yinkampani yolawulo (ukuba ikhona) kwaye (okanye) isivumelwano ne-HOA kulawulo lwasekhaya; iirisithi ezinobungqina bezixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinye ze-akhawunti zexesha elichaziweyo; I-odolo yentlawulo yokuhlawula umsebenzi waseburhulumenteni (kwinani le-50% yenani ekufuneka ihlawulwe xa kungenisa amabango afanayo kwibango).
Izohlwa aziyi kuhlawula kuphela abo "balibale" malunga nerente, kodwa neenkampani zolawulo. Bangahlawuliswa abaqeshi ngemali yemali echonge ngokungekho semthethweni (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% yentlawulo ebalwe ngendlela engeyiyo iya kuthathela ingqalelo kwiintlawulo zexesha elizayo) kunye neenkonzo eziphantsi (ukuya kwi-30% yeendleko)
Ungangenisa ingxelo ngeMgwebi yeHlabathi yi-imeyile okanye inxenye, negqwetha. Ukukhetha kukamantyi kumiselwa yindawo yenkundla, eyabelwe kwintsimi yendlu yetyala. Emva kokungenisa isicelo, inkundla kangangeentsuku ezintathu ithatha isigqibo malunga nokuhamba komyalelo (okanye kwiintsuku ezintlanu ilungiselela ukwala okhuthazayo ukukhutshwa). Amaqela awabizelwa enkundleni, iintlanganiso azizange zenzeke. Ikopi yesigqibo ithunyelwa kubathathi-nxaxheba kwityala akusemva kosuku olulandelayo emva komhla wokwamkelwa, isicatshulwa sithunyelwa kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeNkundla yeNkundla.
I-odolo yeJaji ivela kwiintsuku ezilishumi emva kokuba umtyali afumane kwaye kulo mzuzu ulingana noxwebhu olulawulayo. Emva koko iodolo iphantsi kokudluliselwa kweebhedi. Emva kokufumana iodolo, ungangenisa inkcaso ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezilishumi. Umnini wendlu ucela umngeni komsebenzi wakhe ufanele ubonakalise kwinkcaso endingavumelani nomyalelo. Kule meko, imeko iyadluliselwa kwinkundla okanye (ukuba kukho izizathu ezaneleyo, umzekelo, ukuba umntu onetyala uzisa ukufumana iinkonzo zokuhlawula iinkonzo) I-odolo yenkundla inokucinywa.
Nangona kunjalo, i-odolo yeJaji ayisiyiyo kuphela indlela yokufumana amatyala. Ukuba isicelo saliwe okanye iodolo icinyiwe, umbutho wolawulo unelungelo lokufaka kwiNkundla kunye neBango lesiqhelo.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Inkundla iya
Njengeengcali zikholelwa, ulingo olude luba ngomnye wemiqobo ekuvuseleleni okusebenzayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zamatyala. Yiloo nto ke imenyiwe ukuba isebenze lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwinkqubo elula, iimeko zinokuqwalaselwa: Ukuqwalaselwa kobunini kunye nokubuyiswa kwemali okanye ukucima ipropathi, ukuba ixabiso lebango alidluli i-ruble yamawaka ali-100; Ngokwengxelo esekwe kumaxwebhu angeniswe ngummangali esungulwa, kodwa engazalisekanga yimbophelelo yemali yemali kunye (okanye) eqinisekisa amatyala aphantsi kwemvumelwano. Kwangelo xesha, akufuneki: kuvela kulawulo lobudlelwane obusemthethweni (xa elinye leqela linguRhulumente kumntu osemagunyeni); zinxulunyaniswa ne-gostyny; chaphazela amalungelo abantwana; Ubuxoki phantsi kweempawu zemveliso eyodwa (xa injongo ingasombulula impikiswano ngasekunene). Ukongeza, ijaji inokubuyela kwinkqubo ngokubanzi xa iyimfuneko ukufumana imeko eyongezelelweyo okanye iphonononge imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo, yonyula ubungqina, kwaye nokuba kungenxa yesigqibo seNkundla, kwaye sinomdla abanye banokuphulwa.
Ngokwenani leengcali, i-algorithm yokuqokelelwa kwamatyala lityala iya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa abaqhubi beselfowuni. Ngapha koko, imilinganiselo yomthetho ichazwa kuphela kwiinkomo kuphela zefowuni yeSixeko, kodwa ziya kuba nakho ukuziguqula "abanetyala elipheleleyo" yiyo yonke le nto kwisigqibo senkundla
Inkundla yenza inkcazo malunga nokwamkelwa kwenqanaba lemveliso. Olu xwebhu luqalisa ukuba eli tyala liya kuqwalaselwa ngendlela eyenziwe lula, eli gama lisetelwe ukungenisa ubungqina kunye nezichaso kwiimfuno. Ubuncinci iintsuku ezili-15 ukusuka kumhla wokumiselwa. Inkundla inokunika amaqela ukusombulula impikiswano ebonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uxolelwaniso. Ukuba ubungqina kunye namanye amaxwebhu angenisa iNkundla ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo malunga nexesha, kodwa emva kwexesha elimiselweyo, bamkelwe kuphela phantsi kwemeko apho igama liphoswe ngenxa yezizathu ezivakalayo. Ityala lithathwa ngaphandle komnxeba kumaqela. Inkundla ihlola iingcaciso ezichazwe kumaxwebhu, inkcaso kunye neengxoxo kwaye ithathe isigqibo malunga nobungqina obungenisiweyo.
Ngo-2016, ukukhula kweerhafu zokusebenzisa i-SITS kucwangciswa nge-4%, ephantsi kakhulu kunokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba imithetho emitsha yokubuyiselwa kwetyala kunye nezohlwayo aziyi kunceda kuphela imibutho ebonelela ngemibutho ebonelela ngezazela, kuba baya kuba negalelo ekunciphiseni ngesazela kwirente
Bala?
Ngaphambili, izohlwayo zazihlawuliswa kusuku lokuqala lokulibaziseka kwixabiso le-1/300 yokufihla kwe-bhanki esembindini ye-Russian Federation yemihla ngemihla. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2016, inkqubo ye-PAMI itshintshile. Ngoku intshatsheli yokutya i-kick ihlawuliswa ukusuka komhla wama-31 kusuku lokulibaziseka kwintlawulo kwinani le-1/300 lokubheja, kwaye ukusuka kumhla we-91, isohlwayo siya kukhula ukuya kwi-1/30. Iqondo lokufihla le-Central Bank ukusuka ngoJanuwari 1, 2016 yi-11%. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bendlu ye-60 m² eMoscow malunga ne-6 lamawaka ruble. Ngokusekwe kule datha, sifumana ifomula: Isixa sentlawulo = Ityala elithi: Iintsuku zokulibaziseka (ngeentsuku) × Phawula irente, apho imali yetyala irente, iphindaphindwe ngenani leenyanga zokulibaziseka.
Ifoto: I-Legion-Media
Ngokwemigaqo yeminyaka yobudala, ukuba unetyala eli-1 ngenyanga, emva koko kufuneka ihlawule (ukongeza kwirente kwiinyanga ezi-2) isohlwayo esingama-68.2. (6000 × × 31 × 0.11 / 300). Ngokwemigaqo emitsha, inyanga yokuqala amatyala akaqokelelwa. Ukusuka kwixabiso lesibini lamatyala kuya kuhlala kunjalo njengangaphambili - 68.2 i-ruble. Ukusuka kwinyanga yesithathu, isixa esiya kuqala ukunyusa phantse amaxesha ayi-2,5: ama-6000 × 3 × 91 × × × × x 0.11 / 1386 rub. Ababhali bezinto ezintsha ziqinisekile ukuba ingqumbo yakhe ihlawulwa lithuba lokusebenzisa iintsuku ezingama-30 zokuqala njengeentlawulo zentlawulo. Le yokugqibela ifanelekile ngakumbi kwabo baya kuhambo olude baseshishini, abafumananga irisithi ngexesha okanye benengxaki yokulibaziseka komvuzo.
Nangona kunjalo, abahlawula ngokupheleleyo umthetho abanikezelwanga. Amatyala omnini wezakhiwo kunye neepensile ezihlaziyiweyo ezazisekuqaleni ziya kuhlawula inkampani yolawulo, kuba kuya kufuneka ahlawule ingxelo. Ke isixa-mali setyala siya kuphathwa "Umxholo wepropathi jikelele yesakhiwo esifanelekileyo somhlaba" oqokelelwe phantsi kwenqaku, oko kukuthi, imali encinci kwaye incinci iya kwabelwa umxholo wesakhiwo. Abameli bemibutho yolawulo ayiqinisekanga ukuba le nkqubo intsha yokuqokelelwa kwetyala iya kuvumela ukuba ibambelele kubanamatyala.
Abalawuli baqinisekile ukuba kuphela kwamanyathelo anokunceda ukujongana nabangaziphathi: Ukufakwa kwesohlwayo kuxwebhu lwentlawulo ngokubanzi, ukudityaniswa komthetho wokudluliselwa kwetyala kwi-LCD enikezwe kumnini omtsha xa kuthengiswa amagumbi, kunye nokwenza lula ukwenza lula inkqubo, kuvumele ukunciphisa umda wokubonelelwa kubanamatyala. Ngubani ilungelo lokulawula inkampani okanye abakwimithetho-mthetho, baya kuqondakala ukuphela konyaka, xa iziphumo zokuqala zeeseshoni zenkundla ekubuyiseleni amatyala kaMasipala aya kuvela.
| Isihlwele Intlawulo | Ubungakanani besohlwayo, i-ruby. | |
|---|---|---|
| Ngaphambili imigaqo | Intsha imigaqo | |
| Inyanga enye | 68.2. | 0 |
| Iinyanga ezi-2 | 264. | 68.2. |
| Iinyanga ezi-3 | I-594. | 1386. |
| Iinyanga ezi-6 | 2376. | I-5483. |
| Iinyanga ezili-12 | I-9636. | 22 236.9 |
Irente engalunganga
Iimpazamo zeMishini zihlala zihambelana nenyaniso yokuba iKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho ihlawuliswa ngerente kubahlali abadla umhlala-phantsi (umzekelo, kwisidima esibhalisiweyo esibhalisiweyo kwindlu, okanye kubanini bangaphambili xa betshintsha umnini wezindlu). Kodwa ukuba, xa ufunda impumelelo ekuhlawuleni iinkonzo zenkonzo, yathi i-chonge i-bible ikwinyani (masitsho, intlawulo iyamangalisa), kufuneka ukuba yenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
- Yenza isicelo kwinkampani yolawulo ngesicelo sokuchaza inkqubo yezinto ezisebenzayo, kunye nenkcazo yamaxabiso afanelekileyo kunye nemigaqo. Inkampani yolawulo kufuneka iphendule ngeentsuku ezintathu, kodwa inelungelo lokucela ukwandiswa kwale kota.
- Ukuba impendulo kwinkampani yolawulo ayizange ilandele, kuyimfuneko ukufaka isicelo solawulo kunye nemibutho egadileyo - ukubonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, i-rospotrebbutterbnor (ikhusela wonke umntu ngaphandle kwabathengi beenkonzo).
- Kwangelo xesha, unokuthumela isicelo kwi-ofisi yomtshutshisi, eyenzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo abemi kuzo zonke iimeko ngaphandle kokukhetha. Isicelo kufuneka sibhaliswe kwaye siphononongwe ngaphakathi kwiintsuku ezingama-30.
- Kwimeko apho irente ingaze iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iqhagamshelane nenkundla. Ukuzoba ibango, kuya kufuneka usebenzise uncedo kwigqwetha leprofayile. Ngesigqibo esifanelekileyo senkundla, inkampani yolawulo inyanzelekile ukuba iphinde yenzeke ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, kungenjalo iibhedi ezinokubandakanyeka ekusombululeni ingxaki.
