I-Gredhouses Green Harhous kunye neTigdietha yasebusika: isatifikethi sembali, amanqaku oyile, iinkqubo zamanzi kunye nokufudumeza, izixhobo.
Kwii-greenhous eluhlaza, ishushu, njengoMthetho, ayisebenzi
Phambi kokuhambisa amandla okubuyela umva, i-Isleiler yale mihla iphantse ingenayo
Imibhobho yensimo yentsimbi isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza zokuhambisa umtshitha ophethe ubushushu
Ngomoya wokufudumeza kwiigadi zasebusika, oonobangela bamanzi basetyenziswa ukuya kuma-700mm. Babekwa kwi-glazi, ijikeleze umda weGreenhouse
"Ukukhetha" Ubushushu kwinkqubo yokufudumeza yeGreenhouse
Ukufudumeza ngokungathangaseli i-heater nkosi Bv460e kwidizili
I-heater ephathekayo yombane ("ubushushu")
I-fan Colals ifakwe kwi-Gredhous kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza amanzi asekwe kwimibhobho okanye iikhoyinti kunye nezixhobo zokufudumeza komhlaba
Ifoto O.Venina
I-orenji eshushu somhlaba wombane
Kwi-heater ye-shondo yokufudumeza, iimveliso zefutha zepetroli ziyasuswa esitratweni ngokusebenzisa i-chimney
Kuwo wonke unyaka wonke, awukahlukanilanga ngehlobo, kwanele ukwakha i-Greenhouse hors eshushu ecaleni kwendlu yelizwe, apho iintyatyambo zesundu nezimangalisayo zikhula khona.
Ukusuka kwimbali yombuzo
I-orenji e-orenji, orenji, orenji, orenji, iorenji, yayingeyongozi. Umndilili wookumkani baseFransi, ngokukodwa ngexesha lookumkani baseFransi, babesetyenziselwa ukuqhelisela izityalo ezahlukeneyo, ngokuyintloko zihlonitshwe ngu-citrus sinks. Iglasi yokuqala yeglasi yakhiwe kwigadi yeBelteren (Holland) kwi-1599g.vangsi kwinkulungwane eyahlukeneyo: kwi-Onefodian kwi-Chelsea eChelsea 1685 Okokuqala ngqa, ukufudumeza komhlaba kusetyenziswe umhlaba.
Ukwakhiwa kwee Herezes ezishushu nazo kunembali ende. Ukufudunyelelwa ngamagumbi okubopha kwamaplanga "aqala ukuvela ekupheleni kweXesha leXvii kwimbambane yegadi ye-MOSCOW kreylin. Kwangelo xesha kwiKhosithangelsk, kufutshane ne-Moscow Estate yePrince M.a. Herkassky, zazimbini izityalo ezigcina phesheya ze-verkias (Peander, i-Oleander). Ekuqaleni i-xviiviv. UPeter Ndabeka iGreenhouse kwigadi yasehlotyeni kunye negadi yeComerburg.
Emva kwexesha, iigadi eziluhlaza, ikakhulu ikakhulu zokukhula kweziqhamo ezikhulayo ebusika (i-pineapples, i-IDR ye-IDR), yiba yinto engenakuphikwa kwe-USERS kunye nebhotile yebhotwe. Rhoqo badibanisa imisebenzi "ye-Nurseres phantsi kweglasi", igalari kunye nabadanisi, zihonjiswe ngemizobo kunye, umzekelo, kwi-Manor ye-Moscow kufutshane neMoscow. Ingqokelela yezityalo ezinobunkunkqele kwiigadi zeGreenhouse kwiigadi ze-P.A. Demidov eMoscow (isiqingatha sesibini se-XviiIV) kunye ne-A.K.
Emva ko-Oktobha 1917. ERussia, i-gredhous eshushu emakhayeni, kunye nokuba kungenzeka ukuba nepropathi, ngokuthe ngcembe yanyamalala. Kungamashumi ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo, xa abantu baqala ukufumana i-cotties yehlobo, kwabakho inzala kwitekhnoloji yomhlaba ovaliweyo, kodwa kuphela kwezona ndawo ziluhlaza zilula zokukhulisa imifuno zokuqala. Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezinobunkunkqele ze-gredinis kunye negadi ebusika kufutshane nezindlu zelizwe kuzalwa ngokutsha namhlanje.
Inkqubo yobusika yeGadini yeSigaba seGadini:
2- iplastiki yeplasitiki yeplasitiki yenkqubo yokufubela umzimba kunye nokufudumeza umhlaba;
IKhabhinethi eli-3-
Ukuvuselelwa kweZithethe!
Kwincwadi ekhethekileyo kwi-Gredihouse uqoqosho, ukukhululwa kwee-greenhous ezinamava, apho iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi ligcinwa khona ebusika: malunga ne-1-8c. Nangona kunjalo, intsingiselo yegama elithi "grediniuse" kubomi bemihla ngemihla libanzi: Eli ligumbi lokukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwezityalo ezingathwali kwiimeko zemozulu zale ndawo. Ke ngoko, iorenji idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yinye (kubandakanya itropiki) imiqolo-green enobushushu ebusika kude kube ngu-25-30c. Uhlobo lohlobo olukhethekileyo, apho izityalo zidlala indima exhasayo, edaleni, enyanisweni, indawo yokuhlala okanye iholide ebusika, ibizwa ngokuba yigadi yasebusika. Iijekethi zinokuba ziindawo zokuhlala zendawo yezityalo zamanzi kunye nezityalo ezingaselunxwemeni ezinamanzi amatsha kunye nolwandle.
I-Gressgies yanamhlanje iqhelene nesakhelo (senziwe, umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-Aluminium efudumeleyo ") ngokuhambahamba. Ukucofa ezinye iindlela kwiglasi yephepha elinye ufaka i-windows egudileyo, ipolycularbonate okanye iglasi yeselula ye-payry. Kuba ubukhulu buchaphazela iphophetha zezityalo, kungcono ukuba wonke umphezulu weGreenhouse ubonakala (oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ukukhanya kwemini njengoko kunokwenzeka). Ngamanye amaxesha kukho kuphela uphahla olukhanyayo. Uthando, kuyafuneka ukubonelela ngenkqubo yokukhanya. Uninzi lwazo, "iigadi ezikhanyayo" ziqhotyoshelwe endlwini, ukuze ningene kuwo ngokomnyango okanye kwindinyana evulekileyo, ukusuka kwigumbi elikufuphi, okanye zibekwe kumgama othile. Iinkqubo zobunjineli zeveki nganye (eyona nkqubo ibalulekileyo yokufudumeza phakathi kwabo) kwiiorenji amaqondo obushushu afunekayo axhaswa, ukufuma kwalo.D.
Yiba ne-Greenhouse yakho eshushu, nokuba ayikukhulu kakhulu, idla ngokuba nakuphi na kwabo bazala izityalo neentyatyambo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ungaphula umyezo wonyaka wokuntyatyambo, kwaye usebenze kuwo uya kuzisa ulonwabo lokwenene. I-Greyimu efudumeleyo ngamanye amaxesha iba ngumthombo wemifuno kunye neziqhamo zetafile yayo.
I-microclimozulu yegadi yasebusika inefuthe eliyingenelo kwimpilo-ntle yomntu, kwimeko yolusu lwayo (ngokulinganayo kwe-50-60%). Unelungelo lokusebenzisa i-Greenhouse (njengoko yayingumntu osisiko kwiRhafu yangaphambi kweRussia) njengeholo yokufumana iindwendwe ezifumaneka ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esiphambili. Ebusika, entwasahlobo nasekwindla kukho itafile eyongezelelweyo yomthendeleko kwaye incoko kunye nabahlobo.
Ubushushu "I-Cottage-Greenhouse":
I-2-umhlaba;
I-3-Convertete Channel;
4Keramitite;
I-shermal incitshisiweyo;
Imipu emi-6
Ukutyiselwa
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Greenhouse eshushu ngumsebenzi onzima, isisombululo esiya kufuna izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zomzimba kunye nomphunga. Elona xesha linoxanduva kunye nexesha eliyinqanaba lokukhetha inkqubo yokufudumeza.
Ukuvavanya ukuba ungakanani kangakanani umxholo weGreenhouse (iindleko zawo ishushu), kuyimfuneko ukuba ubalo olulula. Ukwenza oku, chonga indawo yokuphuma kunye nobushushu obufunekayo kumxholo wesityalo. Umzekelo, ukuvuza kwi-tropiki kunye nemifuno engaqhelekanga idinga ubushushu unyaka wonke. Uninzi lwazo lukhululekile kwi-18-21. Kukwayimfuneko ukufumanisa ikhadi lobushushu elincinci kwingingqi apho igadi yeGadi ifumaneka (kwi-Parts Is -2c). Ukunyanzelwa kobushushu bokudluliselwa kobushushu kwento ebekwe kuyo i-Greenhouse kulula ukuyicacisa kwincwadi yereferensi. Kwiglasi ephindwe kabini, inokuba yi-2.98 KCOL / (M2 ye-pastem).
Ifomula yedimu ye-Fufring yi: Indawo ye-glazi iphindaphindwe ngumahluko wamanzi kunye nokuphumelela kwe-thermal. Ilinganiswe kwiikhilocali ngeyure (KCAL / H).
Cinga ngomzekelo xa i-gozation i-140m2 (i-glazing yendawo eluhlaza ene-66m), umahluko weqondo lobushushu 498. Bala: I-140m24911.98 KCAL / (M2CC) = 20443kkal / h (ejikelezwe). Ukusukela kwiimeko ezininzi amandla esixhobo sokufudumeza sinikezelwa kwii-watts nase Kilowatts, ixabiso elifunyenweyo liguqulelwe kwii-watts: 1w = 0.86kkal / h. Ke, 204430.86 = 17581w (malunga ne-17.6 kw). I-Anesyelylays, thatha ingqalelo ukuphulukana nobushushu ngomoya osuswayo, ngomhlaba wayo.p. Ewe kunjalo, ukufudumeza akuyi kusebenza ngamandla onke amathandathu anesithandathu anesixhenxe, kodwa izixhobo kufuneka zibalwe ngala mandla ukuze izityalo aziyilandeli enye yeentsuku zokuhamba.
Ngokwenyani, izixhobo zokufudumeza zokufudumeza kwe-Greenhouse zihlala zibandakanya inkqubo yokufudumeza umoya, kunye nomhlaba kunye neentyatyambo ezineentyatyambo (ukuba zinikezelwe kwi-Gredyause). Uninzi lwazo zonke, amanzi kunye nokufakwa komoya ezishushu zilungele oku.
Umzobo we-Schematic wenkqubo yokufudumeza kwendawo eluhlaza:
I-1- consitor yokufudumeza komhlaba;
Ivalve yokudibanisa;
Izixhobo zokufudumeza;
I-4- shushu ye-generator igumbi;
I-5- Pika ubushushu;
Ukuzalwa kwendlu phakathi kwendlu nendlu eluhlaza;
Impompo;
Itanki eli-8- ukwanda;
I-9- ezizenzekelayo zeyunithi
Amanzi, amanzi
Inkqubo yokufudumeza kwamanzi yeGreenhoises isetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Inika olona luhlu lwe-ntlobo, oluthandwa kakhulu zizityalo.
Inkqubo yediphozithi isetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokufudumeza (kuxhomekeka kubushushu be-Coulant), imibhobho yeplastiki okanye intsimbi egudileyo yokukhusela i-anti-scodion (umzekelo, nge-polymer caides). Babekwa kwindawo ephezulu yendawo eluhlaza-phantsi kokuthuka, amathokazi kunye neengxoxo; Kummandla ophakathi, iindonga ezingasenzi, kwiiracks zangaphakathi, imingxunya yemiza yezakhelo okanye amabhanti asezantsi eefama naphakathi kwemigca yezityalo; Kwindawo esezantsi, emhlabeni phakathi kwemigca yezityalo, ecaleni kweendonga zangaphandle kubunzulu obuyi-0.05-0.1 m kunye nobunzulu bamanqaku ayilo phezulu kwimibhobho yokufudumeza. Ubuncinci i-40% yobushushu ngokupheleleyo, kubandakanya amandla omhlaba, isetyenziswa ukuya kwi-1m ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba. Ukuvalwa kokuvala nokulungisa izinto ezisebenzayo kubonelela ngokwahlukileyo (ukuvalwa) kunye noku-odola ukuhanjiswa kobushushu bezixhobo zokufudumeza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwiigadi eziphakamileyo, apho izityalo zikhule kwiintengiso, endaweni yemibhobho zisebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zesixhobo sokufudumeza, njengabavuni. Babekwa kwindawo esezantsi yeGreenhouse, kwizibiyeli ngokulungisa isiseko ukuze balandele "ubushushu" obungathengini "ecaleni kwendawo yegumbi.
Umhlaba kwiiorenji uhlala ushushu kakhulu usebenzisa imibhobho yensimbi yensimbi. Inyathelo elibeka imibhobho limiselwa ngokubalo, kodwa ixabiso layo liyi-20-30 cm. Imibhobho yenziwa kwi-suble ye-suble idyokhwe (isanti okanye i-slag) ngobungqingqwa obungama-30 cm, emva koko ipolisiwe ngu-40-50cm igalelwe.
I-Colallant yenkqubo yokufudumeza yeegadi ezigadiweyo inokuphakanyiswa zisebenzisa i-israiler yanamhlanje esebenza kwi-piesel ipetroli, ipropane, umbane okanye iinkuni eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo okanye iinkungu eziqinileyo. Ekugqibeleni, eli tyala kuya kufuneka sakhe isitoreji ipetroli kwaye lichithe ixesha lokugcina i-Boiler eqinileyo. Ukonyusa amandla abathwali "kwi-Greenhouse" i-Boiler iyonwabisa ngakumbi ukusebenzisa igesi yendalo. Ukuba ukufudumeza kweGreenhouse kungabonelelwa kwinqanaba loyilo lweNdlu, i-Cottare ye-Hottage kuya kufuneka itshintshe intsha, inamandla. Qhagamshela inkqubo yokufudumeza ye-gredhous (imibhobho okanye oovimba kunye nezixhobo zomhlaba wokufudumeza) kwi-themour yesakhiwo ngobushushu besixhobo. Ikuvumela ukuba uhlukanise ikhaya lakho kunye neGreenhouse Heaurs contours omnye komnye kwaye wenze lula ukulawula.
Iqondo lobushushu lesipholo kumasebe ezixhobo zokufudumeza linokuba malunga ne-60-80s, nakwisebe lokufudumeza komhlaba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40c (ukuze lingaphezulu kwenkqubo yeengcambu). Iprosesa ye-SURD phakathi kwe-Greenhouse kunye ne-Hottage (i-cottareTthane ye-ponturethane fipesplaistic) ifakwe kumjelo wekhonkrithi wamanzi ozaliswe ngudongwe, abekwe kubunzulu bamalunga ne-1.5 m. Ukujikeleza kwe-pronty (propylene Glycol) kwinkqubo yokufudumeza, i-Pumps isetyenziswa, kwaye ihlawule ulwando lwe-thermal - itanki yokwandiswa. Ubude bendawo yokufudumeza akufuneki bube ngaphezulu kwe-10-15m, kungenjalo ilahleko yobushushu iya kuba inkulu kakhulu.
Yenza inkqubo yokufudumeza kwamanzi kwiigadi ezigadiweyo zinokuvela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Amaxabiso e-boilers yegesi ngamandla e-15 ukuya kwi-90 kw zii- $ 550-6800. Ezona ziboya zibiza kakhulu kwaye zikumgangatho ophezulu zivelisa iViessmann, i-budsus, i-vaillant (iJamani), i-Resietrich (iFrance). Amaxabiso aphakathi kunye namaxabiso aphakathi athengisa i-roca (i-Spain), iPortherm (iProksi (i-ACV (iBelgium) IIDR. I-burner kwi-boiler (ukuba ayinikezelwanga kwikhithi) iya kubiza enye i- $ 400-1500.
I-Pums ejikelezayo ixabisa i-60-700 yeedola, ibonelela ngokuhamba kwe-3-75m3 / h ukubonelela ngemarike yemarike yaseRussia, iVilo (i-vab). Iitanki eziphezulu ezisemgangathweni ezifunekayo ukuze zibuyekeze ukwandiswa kwe-thermal yendawo epholileyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo yokufudumeza kuvelisa imbonakalo (iJamani). Ukuvalwa kwemithetho ebonakalayo kupapashwe nguDanfoss (iDenmark), Henz (i-Austz (i-Austra), iinkampani zase-Itali, zase-Itali. Iindleko zekhithi zimisiwe, ngokusekwe kubalo lwe- $ 4 yendawo efudumeleyo ye-1m2 yendawo eluhlaza.
Kuyimfuneko ukuba unakekele i-automation esombulula ingxaki yokulawula ubushushu kwigumbi lokulawula ubushushu (ukuphakama kwegumbi), ukubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kokujikeleza kweempompo, kuya kulungelelanisa ukusebenza kwe-moya. Ukuveliswa kweenzekelayo kubandakanyeka kuzo zombini ii-boilers kunye neenkampani kude nemveliso yababoleni. Iinkqubo ezinamaqondo obushushu obushushu i-algorithm iya kuxabisa i- $ 75-170. Ubunzima obuphakathi buvela kwi-300 ukuya kwi-1000. kwaye "i-fake-up" i-fakes efihliweyo kunye nokubakho kolawulo olukude kunokwenza kwaye nge- $ 3500000.
Ubushushu buzisiwe kwi-greenhous kwaye zisasazwa ngemibhobho. Amaxabiso eemveliso zensimbi yensimbi ye-Russian axhonywe yi- $ 5 ye-1POG. M. Imibhobho ene-75mm. Imibhobho ye-polymer-polymer evela kwi-henki (i-belgium), iMetzerplast (i-Isramic), i-Unicor (i-Unicor (iJamani) iya kuxabisa i-16mm ye-16mm. Ixabiso labavumisi bemveliso yasekhaya abaxhotywe nge-Steel Burgan nge-hiel yentsimbi imalunga ne- $ 30-50 ye-1 km yesixhobo. Bazivelisa, umzekelo, uKzto, "iSantechipprom", "Ismm" (iRussia). Ungalibali malunga ne-pholont. I-Propylene engonetyhefu ye-propylene ixabisa ulwelo olunokubakho malunga ne- $ 1-2 kwilitha enye; Kwangelo xesha, kuya kuthatha iilitha ezingama-200 kwinkqubo yokufudumeza ngeerejista zokugcina impahla eluhlaza eneminyaka engama-30m2.
Idibeneyo "yomoya" we-moya "yokufudumeza kwendawo eluhlaza:
I-2- fan coil;
I-3- courtour yokufudumeza kwamanzi emhlabeni
Ukuphefumla okufudumeleyo
Kwindawo eluhlaza inokusetyenziswa ngokufudumeza umoya. Ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo namanzi (equka izixhobo zokufudumeza kwe-pipe exhunyiwe kwimveliso yobushushu kunye nenkqubo yokufudumela komhlaba). Ukufudumeza okunjalo kukuxhobisa iigadi ezigadiweyo kwiindawo ezineqondo lobushushu lwangaphandle lomhla obandayo -20c nalapha ngezantsi. Ukusebenza komoya kwinkqubo yokufudumeza kuthatha ilingana ne-35-40% ye-SURD ye-SUMT ebusika. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo ezinemozulu ethambileyo, ukufudumeza komoya kweGreenhouse kunokusetyenziswa njengeyona nto iphambili okanye kwi-tendem ngenkqubo yokufudumeza emhlabeni.
Ubumnandi benkqubo yokufudumeza bomoya kufuneka ibandakanye ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-Interia ephantsi: kwimizuzu engama-35-40 inkqubo yomoya inokuphakamisa ubushushu kwigumbi lokugcina i-15 ukuya kwi-20s. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqiniseke ngempumelelo i-Greenhouse nkqu ne-frugs evulekileyo. Umoya ofudumeleyo ofudumeleyo udala intshukumo eyimfuneko kunye nokufakelwa kwe-furmor yendawo eluhlaza. Iyimfuneko kwizixhobo zokufudumeza zomoya zihlala zibiza kakhulu kuneenkqubo ezizezinye.
Ukufudumeza komoya kweGreenhouse (xa umoya ushushu kwindawo enye, emva koko isasazwa ngokulinganayo egumbini ngoncedo lwe-ducts osebenza kwi-heater esebenza ngerhasi okanye ipetroli. Iqhagamshela kumbhobho wegesi ophambili okanye isitya ngepetroli; Ukususa iimveliso zokudibanisa ngaphandle kweGreenhouse usebenzisa i-chimney. Ukugalela ngokwayo ukugcwalisa umoya weGreenhouse kwaye uyifudumeze kubushushu bama-40s, i-heater ye-heater emva koko ijikeleze i-punvature esuka kwi-Greenhouse, kumgama othile ovela kwiindonga , kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-2.5m. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuvuthelwa kwe-gesing, iqondo lobushushu elifanayo, kunye nokuhamba ngokugqibeleleyo kwezinto ze-Air, iindawo ezingena moya zifakwe kwimingxunya yokutya kwiindawo zomoya.
Ukufudumeza komoya kufakelwa ngaphandle kwe-ducts zomoya. Kule, baya kudinga i-heat ye-sheers ye-Shicies-fan efakwe ngokungathanga ngqo kwirhasi yegesi okanye i-calolorifer yamanzi. Ezo zixhobo zibonelela ngokufudumeza ngokukuko kweli greenhouse, kubandakanya nee-framugs ezivulekileyo rhoqo.
Ukongeza kwinkqubo yokufudumeza umoya, ungaxhobisa inkqubo yokufuduka komhlaba ngokusekwe kwintambo enye okanye ezimbini. Amandla akhawulezayo olandelayo akufuneki adlule i-15w / m, ukuze angagqithiseli inkqubo yeengcambu zezityalo. Iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu lomhlaba liyi-15-25 ° C kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye malunga ne-30s- ngeembiti ze-peat kunye neebhedi ezinesithole.
Ukuba intambo ibekwe ngqo emhlabeni, kunqweneleka ukusebenzisa i-subser ye-hey evela kwinto engafungi umswakama (umzekelo, i-polythyylene). Ukusuka phezulu, ukuthambisa ubushushu kuvaliwe ngefilimu yePolithylene edlala indima yokufumana amanzi. Umaleko wentlabathi upakishe ubungqingqwa obuyi-10 cm, ngaphakathi kwentambo yokufudumeza (ukuphakama kwesanti ngaphezulu kwentambo akukho ngaphantsi kwe-5 cm). I-stack yokubeka intambo- malunga ne-15 cm. Phezu kwengxowa yesanti yokusasaza i-chain grid ukukhusela intambo kumonakalo kwifosholo okanye esinye isixhobo segadi. Emva koko galela umhlaba ochumileyo ngobukhulu obuyi-20-25 cm.
Xa ufaka intambo kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, ukubakho komonakalo wayo kwinkqubo yokulungiswa komhlaba ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kuncitshisiwe. Ukudluliselwa kobushushu obunezinto ezikhoyo ngenxa yokuxinana okukhulu kunye ne-homogeneity ye-stred xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaba.
Kwisitishi sokufudumeza, kufuneka uthenge iheeter yeheeter efanelekileyo ukuze usetyenziswe kwiiGreenhous, umzekelo, kwiiNkampani "ubushushu" (i-rubland), i-SEATERM (i-USA). Imodyuli ye-suble ye-subter ye-subter kwi-avareji $ 1500-3200. Ubume bomoya we-duct (ingozi) - $ 20-25 ngenqanaba le-1m2 yendawo. I-Cols egqwesileyo ineempawu ezinomququzeleli wamanzi zenza iJaga (iBelgium); Izixhobo ezilungileyo zinikezelwa ngu-VTS Sumita (ePoland), "Wee uz" (risiriya). Ixabiso le "fan coil" inkqubo yokufudumeza yi-opereji ye- $ 130-500 nge-1 kw yamandla e-thermal. Amacandelo okufudumeza kwisiseko seegesi ezingatshatanga kunye neyekheyini eziveliswa ziinkampani ezininzi, kubandakanya i-ceilhit (i-Spain), i-kima (i-kima (i-kima (i-Deving), i-Everto (i-right), i-terma "kunye ne-terma" kunye "ne-Eltech Electronics". Ixabiso lenkqubo yokufudumeza kwentambo ye-rackey yomhlaba yi- $ 10-25 nge-1m2 ye-orenji ye-orenji okanye igadi yasebusika.