Izahlulo zangaphakathi ezisisigxina: Izixhobo zesixhobo, izindululo ezisebenzayo zofakelo.
Ifoto ngu-D.minkina
Ifoto v. vasilyeva, A. Babaeva
Ifoto v.neDova
Ifoto M.SSEpanov
Ukuba ukutshisa umnqweno wokwahlula indawo yendlu yakho, inqunyelwe ziindonga ezinkulu, kwimimandla emisebenzini eyahlukileyo okanye amagumbi abo akwanti, awunakwenza ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwezihluzo. I-Sportdegesed ukutshata, kubalulekile ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wendlela kwaye iza kwakhiwa ngayo izixhobo.
Ngelishwa, akukho ludonga lwendawo yokuhlala yakho lunokutshintshelwa kwaye lubekwe kuyo nayiphi na indawo, apho ufuna khona. Kungenxa yokuba isakhiwo sesongelelo soyilo oluvaliweyo, olusekwe kumgangatho wokuhamba kunye kunye namanqanaba aphezulu kunye nezinye izinto zesakhiwo. Iindonga ziphakanyisiwe kwinkqubo yokwakha kwaye zenze umsebenzi wenkxaso kwi-onriers. Ke akunakwenzeka ukuba uzikhuphe ngokwakho okanye ukwenza kubo ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekileyo yombutho, kwaye ungakhuselekanga. Izihluzo zenzelwe ngokukodwa kwilungu legumbi legumbi kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ngobushushu kunye nokufakwa kwesandi. Ezo zinto zinokubekwa kwindawo esele inikwe ikhaya elungiselelwe naphi na, kwaye ulungelelwaniso lwe-MVK, njengommiselo, alubangeli iingxaki.
Kwimigaqo, ulwahlulo kufuneka lubonelele ngokufakelwa kwesandi esithembekileyo, kuqine, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kulula ukuba nobunzima bezinto ezixhonyiweyo: Oko kukuthi, zisebenze njengenkxaso kwizinto ezithile ze-hansing: I-Shels, izixhobo zemibhobho, njl.njl. Ukongeza, banyanzelekile ukuba bahlangabezane nococeko kunye neemfuno zokhuselo lomlilo nezococeko. Umzekelo, yakhiwe kwizixhobo ezinobuntu kwindalo (ezifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala) kwaye zikwazi ukuxhathisa umlilo ovulekileyo. Imeko yokugqibela ibaluleke kakhulu kuba kwimeko yomlilo, isahlulelo esinganyangekiyo soMlilo siya kuba nakho 'ukubambelela idangatye, ngaphandle kokuvumela ukusasazeka kwindlu. Eli xesha alingaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-15, kufanele ukuba lanele nje ukubala umlilo.
Ukwakhiwa kwezihluphulo, esetyenziswa ikakhulu igesi yeselula kunye neebhloko zekhonkrithi, udongwe okanye iibhlokhi ze-Silticoate, iibhloko zeglasi, i-plasters kunye ne-plasters kunye nemakhishithi ye-plaster. Ngokwendlela yokwakha, enyanisweni, igqitywe ngohlobo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, izahlulelo zahlulahlulwe zangumanqanaba amahle (ukusuka kwiiphaneli), ukusuka kwiziqwengana ezincinci (i-SLAB kunye ne-BLOBS, ilitye okanye iglasi iibhloko) kunye nesakhelo. Ukongeza ukuba le meko iselfowuni, ezi zakhiwo zenza ukuba ikwazi ukutshintsha indawo yangaphakathi yendawo, zahlulahlulwe zangamanyathelo, zisekelekile kwiqela kwaye ziguqulwe. Isahlulelo sobuntu (esilungisiweyo) sisetyenziswa njengamagumbi asetyenziswayo ngaphakathi. Malunga nabo kwaye uya kuxutyushwa.
Njengoko zizinto ezincinci-zodonga ezingafakwanga, zihlala zisetyenziswa, njengommiselo, iibhloko zekhonkrithi yeselula okanye izitena. Izahlulelo ezivela kwiibhloko zeglasi zithandwa kakhulu, le yindlela entle eyayisemizini yeZakhiwo kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuhombise ngaphakathi.
Kodwa ungangxami ukuzisa ezo okanye ezinye izinto "kwindawo yokwakha", apho uqokelele khona ukubeka inxaxheba. Gcina engqondweni ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba umthwalo ongapheliyo kwindlu yakho: Umthwalo ovumelekileyo kwiSakhiwo seKriset, apho i-3 ye-300 kg / m2), kwi-M2 Ityala, i-6 kPA (600 kg / m2). I-AVEDA, ukongeza kwizikhuselo, ziya kubeka phantsi kumgangatho wokugqibela, zibekwe ifenitshala kwaye, izixhobo zekhaya. Ke xa uxoxa ngokutsha kwendlu, musa ukuba ngamavila wokubuza abaphuhlisi beprojekthi yakho, nokuba bachithe kubalwa imithwalo kwimithwalo ephangiweyo kwaye, kuthathelwa ingqalelo oku, izixhobo zokwakha zikhethiwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba ixesha elingapheliyo liqhekeza ezantsi kubamelwane, "uvuyo" lonxibelelwano ngokweemvakalelo luya kufuneka lube namava, hayi kubabhali bokucwangciswa.
I-Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi yeSelfowuni
I-Mesh Seringrete yindawo yendalo yonke. Ifunyanwa njengesiphumo sokuthatha i-cemagus yenhlamo ye-puff-yesongezelelo se-Puff. Ayisiyo ipetroli kwaye iphinda ithintele ukusasazeka komlilo. UKrymera, umda wokunganyangeki komlilo wodonga oluxhasayo olwenziwe ngeebhloko ezingama-75mm yimizuzu eli-150. Amabanjwa omoya kwiindawo ze-pores ikhonkrithi inika iibhloko zeempawu ezifanelekileyo zesermal. Ukongeza, iipores ezivaliweyo zinciphisa ukufunyanwa kwamanzi kwezinto, zenza ukuba ixhathise ukufuma.Isakhiwo sentloko sinika lula ikhonkrithi yeselula. Zigwebe ngokwakho: Ibhloko encinci encinci eyenziwe ngekhonkrithi (Gost 21520-89msm ye-D600 ye-D600 ye-DBE inobunzima obuyi-18 ye-kg kwaye iyakwazi ukufaka endaweni yeesayithi (kwaye zinjenge I-80 kg). Ukusuka apha kunyanzelekile ukuba unciphise ubunzima bemali, kuba endaweni yentente yezitena, elinye ilitye lanele. Sebenzisa iibhloko, unokukhawulezisa isantya sokulungisa okanye ukwakhiwa kweentsuku ezininzi. Kwaye ayisiyo nje kuphela, igesi-igesi-igesi, kwaye yome isitena esikhawulezayo.
Izahlulelo ezivela kwiibhloko zamabakala D400 kunye ne-D500 zinokufakelwa isandi esifanelekileyo: Uyilo lwe-100mm inesikhombisi sesandi (i-RW) ilingana ne-35-37 i-DB, ubukhulu be-DB, kunye nesahlulelo yenye I-25mm i-25mm kwaye kwi-55-57 dB.
Iibhloko ezivela kwikhonkrithi yeSeltoclave Ikhonkrithi zikuvumela ukuba wenze umhlaba ogudileyo. Ukuphakama kuthetha ukuba izinto ezibizayo zokugqitywa kokugqitywa kwezinto, ngokungafaniyo nezitena, ziyafuneka ngokulinganayo. Iibhloko ngokwazo zilula ngokwaneleyo ukuba zinqunywe, zisike kwaye zinxibile. Ukulula kokuqhubekeka kwekhonkrithi yeselula kuyakuvumela ukuba wenze uyilo lwalo naluphi na uhlobo loqwalaselo, kubandakanya iibhloko ezincinci kunye ne-curvilinear, kwaye usebenze kwimingxunya ye-wiring ye-wirity, iziseko, Imibhobho, njl.
Kwisixhobo sezahlulelo zangaphakathi, kukho iibhloko ezaneleyo zokulinganisa i-10 cm (yongeza ubukhulu bezinto zokugqiba, kwaye oku akungaphantsi kwe-1-2 cm). Ke akuyi kubakho ngxaki kunye nokufakelwa kweengcango zeengcango, kuba ububanzi besakhelo sesakhe bungadluli kwi-13 cm blocks (kwaye, kwiibhloko ezivela kwiibhloko ze-FOM (kwaye, zivela endleleni), kusengqiqweni ukwenza Ubunzima obuyi-80 ukuya kwi-120mm. Obu bungakanani bubonelela ngeempawu ezifanelekileyo zokunyangwa komlilo, imithwalo yokungafuneki kunye nokufakelwa kwesandi. Ayenzi ingqondo yokwahlulahlulahlula kwaye ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu obufunekayo ukuze kufakelwe ibhloko yebhlokhi emnyango kuya kufuneka kuthathwe kumhlaba onyukayo we-Plaster okanye ifowuni yeplantiband yeplastiki. I-ATO sele igqithisa izinto ezininzi kunye nokwanda koqikelelo.
Amandla olwakhiwo lwebhlokhi egqityiweyo kwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba bakhe indawo phantse nangaphantsi kobude. Xa ulele, ungasebenzisa umxube wesamente yesamente kunye ne-polymer ye-polmer ye-ceri Izikhuselo ngokwazo azikho kuphela, kodwa kunye nesitena kwisixhobo esikhutshiweyo kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe kwizakhiwo ngokufaka imingxunya yokuqiniswa kwentsimbi yentsimbi, Enye ibekwe kumthungo othe tyaba. Isiseko sesahlulelo sexesha elizayo silinganiswe sisisombululo sesanti. Emva koko umaleko omncinci wesisombululo ubambekile, apho, emisela inqanaba, umqolo wokuqala weebhlokhi zokwahlula-hlula zidibene.
Ukunyuka komgangatho kunokwenziwa ngoncedo lweeprofayili zensimbi (eza kuthi, zifakwe kwiidowels). Umphezulu wezinto zebhlokhi, udityaniswe, zidibene neglu. Oko kukuthi, umgca ngamnye olandelayo weepleyiti ufakwe kwileyibhile yangaphambi kwendawo eneentloni kunye ne-glue kunye nepleyiti yomqolo odlulileyo. Izahlulo ze-KSThenam zilungisiwe kwiglue (isisombululo) kunye nokuqiniswa (umvuzo ngamnye weebhloko). Ucango lugqunywe ziintonga ezimbini-ezintathu zentsimbi yokuqiniswa kwentsimbi (nge-6mm ye-6mm) apho iibhloko zinikwe "irejista".
Okokugqibela, enye iqwalaselo. Xa usebenza neebhloko zekhonkrithi ze-Foham, kuyafuneka ukuba uqwalasele i-nuence ebalulekileyo. Kuba banomphezulu ogudileyo, kodwa onamandla onothuli, ukubambelela kakhulu ekuhleni. Isiphumo esihle sinokufezekiswa, kodwa singazisoli kwi-primer: kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuyibeka, ubuncinci ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokufaka i-Plaster.
Imveliso ye-Foam Imveliso ye-Frok D500 kunye ne-D600 yobukhulu obahlukeneyo ivelisa ishishini amaninzi lwasekhaya, "i-LEPDLOVSKY yemveliso", "I-Madis", "Konk" (i-veratov), "vector" ( I-Moscow Oblast), "umzi-mveliso weSoftway yeNdlu ye-BROANANL" (PENZA), "I-Savik" (i-Savik "(i-Savik" (i-SANSCOW), njl. Iimveliso 500400100, i-600300100 neye-600300100 neye-600300100 neye-600300100 neye-600300100. Elona xesha lininzi lezinto ezinjalo, njengommiselo, aludluli kwi-14-23 kg, kwaye imilinganiselo yejometri injalo ukuba ilungele ukusebenza kunye nabo ukuze basebenze nabo ifayili.
Kumgangatho womnyango, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise iimveliso 2390250125mm. Abavelisi beebhloko zegesi - iibhloko zegesi (nge-600 kg / m3 kunye nobungakanani be-600300100mm) kukho amashumi aliqela. Phakathi kwawo kunokubizwa ngokuba ngu "Lybertsy Ukwakhiwa kweeBhloko" (iiBhloko zeLyberts) (iiBhloko ze-600300100mm), "I-Soulkor Sulkol Sullow" Ikhonkrithi yeSelfowuni kwitekhnoloji ye-head yenkampani yaseJamani. Amaphupha afanelekileyo avela kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi ye-Fom Meric, apho ubukhulu be-geometric ubukhulu be-I-CM, i-LEMPY yegesi, kwaye ukungqinelana yi-1mm, kuthetha ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubeke iglue.
Amaxabiso okwenza izinto ezivela kwikhonkrithi yeSelfowuni ngokomyinge kwi-Russia isusela kwi- $ 1 ukuya kwi-1.3 yeedola. Kubaluleke kakhulu xa uthenga intelekelelo kuhlobo lweemveliso. Umzekelo, izinto eziliweyo ze-D500 ne-D600 ziluhlobo lwekhonkco kwikhonkrithi yeselula (500 ne-600 kg / m3, ngokulandelelana). Kodwa inyani yile yokuba izityalo zethu zivelisa iimveliso ezinobushushu - kunye nezinto ezifanayo, kodwa zincinci ngoxinzelelo (350 kg / m3, uphawu lwe-D350). Ezi bhloko zekhonkrithi ze-Foam Primes azilungelanga ulwahlulo, kuba aziboneleli ngamandla aneleyo olwakhiwo, kwaye zenzelwe ukufunyanwa kwendawo ethe tyaba kunye nendawo ethe nkqo yezakhiwo.
Iipleyiti zepuzzle
Ukuba ixesha lokulungisa licinezelwe, kwaye awufuni ukujongana nenkunkuma yolwakhiwo kunye nodaka, ungasebenzisa olula, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, "obaluleke kakhulu," owomileyo "wePlatester Plates (PPP). Iplate nganye enjalo yenziwa nge-gypsum yokwakha kwaye i-tecanderlid efanayo, iqhagamshela kwaye imboniselwano enawo amacala akwi-Groove kunye ne-Roove.
Ukwahlulwa kodaka kunokuhlanganiswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye emva kokutywina i-SEAMS kunye ne-PREAMS, indawo egqityiweyo ayidingi ukuba ifake i-plarity yenqanaba le-Plaight (kwaye ke, phantse i-Eases ilinde de kufike udaka). Ke unokuqalisa ngokukhuselekileyo ukupeyinta, ukugqiba ngemoto yePolymer okanye i-thayile. Ngendlela, kuye kuvumelekile ukugaya isahlulelo kwangoko emva komisa ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlala, oko kukuthi, emva kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-30. Iipleyiti ze-gypsim ziyamelana nokubola kunye nezinambuzane, ukuguquguquka okuncinci kubushushu kunye nokufuma akubangelikele iingxaki kuzo. I-PGP kulula ukuyibona kunye nenkqubo, kwaye imibhobho yombane kunye nemibhobho ingeniswa kwizihlangu ezenziwa sisixhobo esilula sesandla. Imifanekiso, izibuko kunye nezinye izinto ezikhanyayo ezinobunzima obuyi-4 kg ziqhotyoshelwe kwisahlulelo esinganyangekiyo esinemigangatho ye-dowels, izinto ezinzima (iisherfers, njl.) -I-anchors. Nangona kunjalo, ngokoluvo lwabakhi abaninzi, i-puzle-iqula eliqhekezayo aliboneleli amandla aneleyo (xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo), ukuba, umzekelo, kufuneka zixhome izixhobo zokuhlaselwa.
Kwimarike yaseRussia, i-Plaster ifanekiselwa ziimveliso ze-firm yasekhaya "KNauff Gypsum", kwaye ezi-2 zeentlobo zazo zinikezelwa kwaye zichanyisiwe. Eyokuqala ilungele ukwahlula kuwo nawaphi na amagumbi aqhelekileyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60%) thridity. Iipleyiti zokunganyangeki-ezinganyangekiyo (kunokwenzeka ukuba zihlukane nezilwanyana ngombala, ayingwevu, kodwa luhlaza) zibizwa ngokuba zi-hydrophobed, kuba ezongezwayo ezifakwe kwi-gypsum. Ukusuka kwizinto ezinganyangekiyo ezinyangekayo unokwakha imigangatho kwigumbi lokuhlambela, indlu yangasese nasekhitshini. Kule meko, uvala iithayile ze-ceramic ye-psp ye-PSP okanye ilitye lendalo liyafuneka. Ungalibali malunga nokuphuma kwamanzi. Xa ufaka izahlulo kumagumbi anamaxabiso aphezulu omnatha, umphezulu we-Slab unamathise i-manastic ratic "i-knowe efungelweyo, kunye ne-teed the pepile, njenge" KNauf Farkendichband ".
Iindidi zekhonkrithi yeselula
Ikhonkrithi ye-Fom ikhonkrithi yikhonkrithi elula yeselula efunyenwe ngokuqalisa isisombululo esiqulathe isamente, isanti kunye namanzi, kunye ne-trong. Ukufuma ukusuka kwikhonkrithi ye-fom iphuma ngokwemvelo xa ikwiifom.
Ikhonkrithi yeselula iqulathe i-quartz isanti, isamente, i-lime kunye namanzi axutywe kwaye angene kwi-autoclave, apho i-autoclave iyenzeka khona. Iimveliso ezivela kwikhonkrithi yeselula ziveliswa kuphela kwiimeko zefektri kwaye ziya kuthengiswa ngohlobo lweebhloko ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa.
Ikhonkrithi ye-AEDED yenziwa ukusuka emanzini kunye nomxube wesanti, yenziwa i-interver yegesi.
I-issilicate ngumxube we-lime, isamente, isanti ye-quartz, amanzi kunye ne-gypsum, zihluthwe ngeesayina kwaye zikhubazekile kwi-autocrulleve okanye i-vaportoruple.
Amacandelo avela kwi-PGP awakho kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, kodwa kwi-tie egqityiweyo yomgangatho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-caatings yokugqibela. Ukutyhoboza i-glung glue xa usebenza neepleyiti eziqhelekileyo, i-fugenheler isetyenziswe, kwaye nge-hydrophofled- "fougened-" fougener-hydro ". Ukuze uyilo lungqongqo ngokwaneleyo, iipleyiti zibekwe "Rotar", kunye neLerove zombini inyuka. Njengoko i-groove ikhethekileyo, kuba ukubekwa kunxibelelwano lwepuzzle kusasazwa ngokulinganayo. Kwimeko apho, imeko yomqolo wokuqala kufuneka unqunyulwe umqulu.
Iibhokisi zesango ziqhotyoshelwe izikrelem ezinamachaphaza azodwa. Zilungiselele inyani yokuba ngenxa yokwahlulahlulahlulahlula iipleyiti 66750080mm, isakhelo esemgangathweni awuyifanelekanga kwi-12, kuya kuba yimfuneko yokukhangela i-cantimeter emximeni, eyi-8. Ke ngoko, uyilo kunye nomnyango lufanelekile ukwakha iipleyiti ezinobunzima be-100mm (20mm, emva koko kulula ukuba "ipekithe". I-Stove ezithe nkqo, zimi ecaleni komnyango, akufuneki zisondele kune-20 cm ukusuka kumda womphetho. Ngaphakathi kwinqanawa kunye neekona, iipleyiti zifakwe ngaphandle kokugquma i-ovaleng yamalungu emiqolo esezantsi. I-seams itywinwe nge-Itty "Knab Tougarar", kwaye ke ngoko, emva koko, emva koko, ukuphucula ukunamathela kumphezulu, sebenzisa i-riplob ye "Knauf Tifengrand".
Ngokwesiqhelo, ulwahlulo lwe-PGP luqhotyoshelwe ngokugqithisileyo, ngoncedo lwehlasi, nomsantsa phakathi kwesilizi kunye neebhedi eziphezulu zivaliwe nge-ifatty. Ukuphucula iipropathi zokufakwa kwesandi zokwahlula-hlula, oko kubizwa ngokuba lunxibelelwano lwe-elastic lungasetyenziswa. Kule meko, kunye ne-platty ye-pasket (i-3-5 mm ingu-3-5 mm) kwityhubhu, i-bimous yaziva okanye ixineneyo. I-gasket evaliweyo iphakamisa i-oscillations evakalayo edlula kwimibutho yokwakha.
Zombini iipleyiti eziqhelekileyo nezinganyangekiyo ziveliswa ngobukhulu obubini: i-667500 kunye ne-900300mm, ubukhulu - i-80 okanye i-80mm. Ukusuka kwiipleyiti ezibekwe kumqolo omnye, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlanganisene ukwahlula-hlula-dibana neemfuno zolawulo zokumiswa kwesandi (41 DB). Uyilo oluphindwe kabini lwe-Septum-ubukhulu obuvela kwi-180mm iyadingeka ukuba ufuna ukuphucula i-insumpation (ukuya kwiNqanaba le-60 db) okanye indawo yoloyilo olungenakwenzeka ukuba lubekwe kwimivimbo. Ukwahlulwa kwephiko kunokuqhutywa ngemibhobho kunye nobubanzi bendawo ukuya kwisiqingatha sobukhulu obucekeceke, oko kukuthi, akukho ngaphezulu kwe-40mm. Uyilo oluphindwe kabini luyakhiwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Icala elinye libekwe (umqolo omnye weepleyiti) kwaye lonke unxibelelwano luqhotyoshelwe kuyo, emva koko enye. I-ETPTE izaliswe zizixhobo zokuthambisa.
Kuyinyani, ukwahluka koyilo kabini kwesahlulelo (kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-inshurensi phakathi kwezitofu) kunokubabiza kakhulu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iindleko zeplate enye ye-66750080mm imalunga ne- $ 2. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwakha ulwahlulo lwangaphakathi olulula ngexesha lerekhodi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye utya ubuncinci bezinto ezigqityiweyo, kunzima ukukhetha enye indlela yepuzzzle.
Izitena
Le yeyona ndlela iphambili yeklasi. Izahlulo ze-Brick zibonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu kwaye iphazamise imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu kwizinto ezixhonywe kuzo (izixhobo zokugcina izilwanyana, iincwadi zeencwadi, iikhabhathi, ubukhulu becala, njl njl. Njengommiselo, ukwahlula-mbala okunjalo kubeka ubungqingqwa kwi-plipipich (oku malunga ne-140 mm) okanye kumda (ungaphambi kokuba isixhobo somgangatho sikhwaza, ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Insubled. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, isiseko esakhiweyo sikhutshiwe ngesisombululo sesanti. Emva koko, wabeka isisombululo kunye nenqanaba lezitena. Amandla amakhulu, ulwahlulo lucetyiswa ukuba luqinise. Yenza ukuba ibeke kude kube lixesha loyilo (yonke imiqolo-4-5 yezitena) yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-4-6mm okanye i-strid yegridi ye-Doldester. Amacandelo angabi ngaphezu kwe-150 cm ubude, abekwe ngaphandle kwesitena, faka umphetho, uqinisa yonke imiqolo emi-3-5 enocingo olune-3-6mm.Xa kwakha izahlulelo ezivela kwisitena, nxiba umphetho, ukukhokelwa kwemali nokuba luncedo lwezikhokelo okanye ngamanqanaba aliqela. Oku kuchazwa yinyani yokuba ukubekwa nje kwefomu eluhlaza akunakuzinza kakhulu. Ukuze uyilo alupheleli, luyonyuka iqhinga elinye ngaphandle kwe-1-1.5 m. Emva koko, usuku kufuneka lulindelwe kudalwe luyilo, kwaye kuphela emva koko lwaya kuyilo lonke kude kube sekupheleni.
Ukuba isahlulelo kwikota yesitena ibonakala ngathi akukho nzima, kwaye ayisamkelekanga ukwakha ulwakhiwo olukhoyo (kwi-Pelpipich) ngalo naso nasiphi na isizathu, ungaphinda ubuyele nge-wire yentsimbi ye-1.5 -2mm. Idluliselwe ukubeka i-Seams ukusuka ngaphantsi. Ukuthembeka okukhulu, kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke i-theams ethe tye bokuyisela i-40-60 cm.
Xa ulungiselela phantsi kokupeyinta okanye kwidlelo, ulwakhiwo lwezitena zephephadonga zihlala zikhutshiwe kumacala omabini kwaye iqalise ngokupheleleyo. Amagumbi angaphakathi anomswakama ophezulu, ukwahlula kunqweneleka ukuba bacwangciswe bonke ukuphakama (okanye ubuncinci ubuncinci be-180 cm ukusuka kumgangatho we-180 ukusuka kumgangatho we-moriure, njengeepeyinti ze-ceramic okanye iipilisi ze-ceramic. Igumbi elilukiweyo, ngendlela, isahlulelo sinokutshiswa kuphela kwelinye icala, kwelinye icala, sibeke ngqo i-tule ngqo eludongeni lwezitena, iya kuba yinkosi elungileyo.
Xa ucwangcisa ukwakhiwa kwesahlulo se-Brick, Lumka: izinto ezinjalo zinzima (1m2 1/250 kg) kwaye zenze umthwalo owongeziweyo kwi-onriers. Ukunciphisa ubunzima boyilo olunje, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufake isicelo se-gollow okanye isitena esinamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ibomvu kuphela elungele umsebenzi kwizakhiwo ezinomswakama ophezulu (kwigumbi lokuhlambela, igumbi lokuhlambela kunye nekhitshi) zinobuthathaka kakhulu. Kwanakwizindlu ezitsha ze-monolithic, kungcono ukufaka ulwahlulo lwe-Brick bubude obuncinci, umzekelo, kuphela kwigumbi lokuhlambela, igumbi lokuhlambela okanye iikholamu). Ukuba ubude besahlulelo sifunyenwe ngaphezulu kwe-5 m, kuyavakala ukuyeka isitena kwaye sifumane indawo yokutshintshwa ngohlobo lwegesi-ibhloko yekhonkrithi okanye iibhloko zekhonkrithi.
Ewe kunjalo, unokwakha isahlulelo esivela kwizitena ezibomvu okanye zeprofayile ezibomvu ezininzi. Kodwa ipropathi yesandi yesandi yezakhiwo ezinee-void zangaphakathi ziphantsi. Ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwengxolo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulale imingxunya yangaphakathi enezitena zentlabathi, kodwa ubunzima, ziya kukhula.
Xa ulungiselela i-Extuuling okanye ingxoxo kunye nomyili wokucwangciswa kwendlu, akufuneki silibale ukuba izahlulo ze-Brick sineqela leentsilelo. Phambili kumgca, umphezulu wazo kufuneka uhambelane kakuhle, kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kongezelelweyo kwezixhobo (iiplasters kunye neendlela zokubeka impahla) kunye nemfuno yenkqubo enkulu yetekhnoloji phakathi kweMisebenzi elandelayo. Ukongeza kubunzima obukhulu, izakhiwo ze-Brick zinelinye icala elibi, ixabiso eliphezulu elifanelekileyo. Kwaye, siqaphela, ayichaphazelanga kangako ixabiso lezinto, ukuba zingaphi iindleko zomsebenzi ophakamileyo (i-mandry kunye nodaka). Sebenza kwi-1M2 ibeka ulwahlulo kunye nobungqingqwa bomphetho kunye nokuqina kweendleko malunga ne- $ 10, kunye nekota yesitena malunga ne- $ 8.
Ukukhetha izixhobo zezinto, ngoku ngokungaqhelekanga ngokubanzi kwaye akukho kunqongophala kweemveliso ezilungileyo. Ukongeza kubavelisi basekhaya ("i-gollitn ceramic", "UKectocy Knauf", "I-NOVOFOVSKY SINIT yeZinto zeCeramic", "UKirti weZityalo zeCeramic", "njl. ), Iimarike zangaphandle zimelwe kwi-femms yentengiso, ezinje ngeTerca kunye ne-optiroc (eFinland). Isitena esihle sezitena ezigcweleyo (M-100, m-125, m-150) sinikezelwa ngexabiso le- $ 0.1-0.2 (1 PC.). I-Bute ye-Butritail M-75, M-125, M-150 inokuthengwa ngexabiso le- $ 0,5 ukuya kwi-0.5. Iindleko ezimhlophe zezitena ezimhlophe ukusuka kwi-0.1. I-APACS yokuthenga izixhobo ayiyongxaki, eyona nto iphambili eyaba emva kwabo ayizukukulibala i-Doosimeter. Inyani yile yokuba eyona nto iphambili kwisitena yimithombo yendalo yendalo yemvelaphi yemitha. Kwenzeka ukuba iimveliso ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseRussia "imithombo", kwaye yazisa izinto ezinjalo eflethini, kunjalo, azikufanelekanga. Ke ngaphambi kokuba uthenge i-batch yezitena, jonga inqanaba lemvelaphi yemitha yimfuneko.
Iibhloko zeglasi
Iibhloko zeglasi "zizitekisi" nge-cevity evaliweyo ye-hermeting eyenziwe ziipleyithi zeglasi ezimbini ezixhunyiwe phakathi kwabo, mhlawumbi zezona zixhobo zobuhle zokwahlulwa. Ukugxininisa kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi ze-foam kunye nezitena zikhangeleka zilungile. Isebenza- banamandla awoneleyo, ukuxhathisa komlilo, ubushushu kunye neempawu zokufakelwa kwesandi, ukuqina kwaye, kunjalo, amandla angapheliyo. Ukongeza, iibhloko zeglasi zizinto ezinganyangekiyo, zibunile ubushushu ubushushu obuvela -40 ukuya + 50c.
Iglasi nganye-isiphelo seglasi "ye-Brick" yenziwa ngeglasi ye-6-7mm. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beebhloko zeglasi - i-190190 80mm (kwivenkile Unokufumana iimveliso kwaye ubaluleke ngakumbi - i-240240 80 cm). Ubuninzi buhluka ukusuka kwi-2.2 ukuya kwi-4 kg. Kukwakhona kwakhona i-angular (okanye i-ntliziyo enesiqingatha) imilo yemo yoxande (ubukhulu bayo bowe-1909080 cm) ziyafumaneka. Umphezulu webhloko yeglasi yanamhlanje inokuthi igudile, ikhutshiwe, elubala, i-matte kunye nombala. Kule meko, iimveliso ezinendawo ezahlukeneyo zilahlekile ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kukho ngokugqibeleleyo ngokupheleleyo (ngeendonga zobuso ezinqwenelekayo), ukusasazeka okukhanyayo kunye nomlawuli olula (ezi ziphumo zihlala zineebhloko zeglasi). Ukongeza kwiimodeli eziqhelekileyo, abavelisi abaninzi abavelisileyo bavelisa unxantathu, i-angular (yokutsala ii-angles, iikholamu, njl njl) kwaye zijikeleze. Kwezi, kunjalo, ukwahlula akwakhiwe, kuba umsebenzi wabo uhombise.
Ngokwenza iibhloko zeglasi zeglasi, nayiphi na imizobo ekhulayo engaqulatha ingca okanye ezinye izinto ezibandakanya ukukrala umphezulu. Ezi zinokuba zezisombululo zesamente, kunye "nezikhonkwane ezingamanzi", nangaphezulu. Ukuba isisombululo singene kumgangatho weglasi ngexesha lokusebenza, zama ukuyihlamba kwangoko ngamanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo, ubunzima omileyo kuya kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo i-scraper yentsimbi, ekulula ukonakalisa ibhloko.
Ukuququzelela ukufakwa kwesahlulelo, i-modren grille isetyenziswa. Kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa i-gasks ekhethekileyo yeplastiki (i-0.25-0.5 ye-tep), enkosi apho unokufumana umgama ozimiseleyo phakathi kwezinto ezihleliweyo. Amalungu kunye nemithi kungcono ukuvala ithoni ye-cell ye-tile-ke isahlulelo iya kujonga ubuhle ngakumbi. Ukuze iibhloko zeglasi zihlala zivaliwe "zivaliwe" ngesamente, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungabeki ngaphezulu kwemiqolo emithathu yokuphakama kwimini. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuboleka okuhle kunye nesamente badinga ixesha elingakumbi kunokuba, umzekelo, izitena. Njengakwimeko ye-PGP, isahlulelo esivela kwiibhloko zeglasi ziya kufuneka sijonge umnyango we-80mm. Iziphumo ezivela kwisikhundla zinokuba yibhlokhi yendawo yendalo yonke ngebhokisi yokutsala. Xa ufaka uyilo olunjalo, kwanele ukubeka phambili imitya eminkqango kububanzi besahlulelo kunye nokudityaniswa.
Ngapha koko, ngoncedo lwee-cubes ezinamabala amaninzi "Iglasi yeglasi" Ungasombulula uyilo lwezindlu zakho kwelona qhosha lingalindelekanga nelisekuqaleni. Rhoqo, iibhloko zeglasi zicwangciswe kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ekhitshini nasezinyokweni zokuhlala, zahlula-hlula umntu omnye wendlu ukusuka kwenye. Isahlulo se-curvilinear sinokwakhiwa, ngelixa ubuncinci be-radius yi-5 m. Akukho mntu ukhathaza iibhloko zeglasi ezindongeni kunye nezihlulelo zezokuvusa ngaphakathi. Mhlawumbi ekuphela kwendawo yokubuyela kwezi zixhobo lixabiso eliphezulu. Iibhloko zeglasi ziphakathi kwe- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi-50 yeedola. Ngoku kwimakethi yaseRussia iboniswa ziimodeli ezibi kakhulu kwaye ezisemgangathweni zemveliso yasekhaya (i-1 PCS-ukusuka kwi- $ 0.8), umzekelo, kumhlaba "weglasi yenkanyezi". Umyinge ofanelekileyo wexabiso lexabiso kunye nomgangatho unokuqhayisa ngeemveliso zeVittlelok (i-Czech Republic), iGolain (i-Tetrais), i-vetroarred (i-vetroarred (i-Itali inokuba ngumsebenzi weenkosi: ukwakhiwa of izahlulelo ziyahluka ukusuka $ 14 ukuya ku $ 25 (1m2).
Isakhelo sesakhiwo
Kwizahlulo zeFom yoluhlobo, amaphepha e-plasterboard, i-fiberboard kunye ne-chipboard iyasetyenziswa. Elona candelo lixhaphakileyo le-Platestal Sheets (GLC) ukusuka kwiiNkampani "Knauf Gypsum" (iRussia) kunye ne-Gyproc (England).Isakhelo sezakhelo kunye ne-GLCs silula kwaye sikhawulezwe, ngaloo ndlela sinciphisa kakhulu ixesha lomsebenzi. Elinye i-GLC enokufakelwa kwe-GLC ilele kwinto yokuba inokuthi yenziwe ngeendonga ezaphukileyo okanye zezinto ezinqamlezileyo, kwaye zoyila zinciphise indawo efanelekileyo yegumbi.
Ukuphakama okuvumelekileyo kwi-plastal septum septum (i-12,5 mm ixhomekeke kubungakanani becandelo le-rock le-Rack esetyenziswayo kunye nomgama ophakathi kwabo kwiso sisombululo. Ukuphakama kwemveliso enjalo kunokufikelela kwi-5-6.5 m, kunye nobunzima be-1m2-25-49 kg. Xa kuthelekiswa: i-septum kwisakhelo somthi (imivalo yecandelo lama-6080mm) liyakwazi ukuphakama ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4.1 m (Mass 1M2- ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-50,5 kg). Kwangelo xesha, eyona nto iphambili (i-95mm inqabile) kwisakhelo esinye, esichetyiweyo ngephepha eli-12,5-mm kwicala ngalinye, libonakaliswa linqanaba le-Interner RW 32 iiyure eziyi-0.2. Uyilo olufanayo, kodwa sele lugutyungelwe ngamaphepha amabini amabini kwicala ngalinye, linika i-inshunserfalser kwi-45 DB kwaye inokumelana nelangatye elivulekileyo ngeyure evulekileyo yelixa elipheleleyo.
Ukuba uza kuxhonywa kwindawo eyomileyo naziphi na izinto ezinzima (umzekelo, iihenketho), zikhumbule ukuba umthwalo kuyinto enkulu kakhulu ingabi ngaphezu kwe-70 kg kubude bemitha nganye yemitha. Izinto ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo, ubunzima obungadluli kwi-15 kg (umzekelo, imifanekiso okanye iishelfu), zinqunyanyisiwe ngqo kwi-plasterboard trim usebenzisa i-dowels kunye nezikrelemnqa. Isahlulelo se-GLKL sivumela ukuba uthathe i-wiring efihliweyo. Kwiindonga ezigqityiweyo, i-Wallpapers zihlala zinamathela okanye zifake udaka lokuhombisa, kwaye ungashiya umphezulu kwaye ungagqibi.
Ixabiso le-1m2 yesahlulelo sePlasterkhedi yi- $ 20-50 (ngaphandle kofakelo) kwaye ixhomekeke kubumbeko lwayo, uyilo lwesakhelo, ubude kunye nezinye iiparamitha kunye nezinye iiparamitha. Umsebenzi wokufakelwa kuya kufuneka wongeze i-10 ukuya kwi-20% yexabiso lezinto. Funda ngakumbi malunga nesahlulelo sekhefu kwinqaku elithi "Roman nePlasterton" epapashwe kweli gumbi.
Ngaba ukuthula ngokupheleleyo?
Le yenye yemibuzo ephambili ebuzwa ngabo bayahlulahlula i-ofisini ye-nursery, kwigumbi lokulala, kwigumbi lokuphumla, izalamane zikaKinomla zihleli phambi kwescreen sethiye yethiyetha yasekhaya. Akunakulindeleka ukuba ucinge ngobomi obuhle nozolileyo ukuba ukuphela kosuku oluxakekileyo lokuzama ukulala, uya kunyanzeleka ukuba umamele incoko kwigumbi elilandelayo, ukuqhuma kwezinto ezinjalo. Ewe, kwaye ividiyo yasekhaya enesandi esijikelezileyo ingaqhelekanga ukuba ibandakanye okungenani amandla aphakathi. Ukukhuselwa kwengxolo kuyafuneka. Kodwa ngaba zivela phi izinto ezinokuthi zakhiwe zizinto azimiselweyo ukuze zincedile koku?
Ukuveliswa kwengxolo yezakhiwo ezifihlakeleyo (ii-parlaps, iindonga kunye nezihluzo) kukuthintela ukupheliswa kwesandi kunye nokwenza buthathaka uxinzelelo lwesandi (okanye amandla avakalayo) lwengxolo yengxolo. Kwangelo xesha, ingxolo yomoya (yenzeka emoyeni kwaye, ngenxa yamaza esandi emoyeni, isasazeka kwizakhiwo) kunye nedrum (ivela kwizakhiwo ezivela kuzo kwaye, zingena ngaphakathi, ikhutshwe egumbini ngendlela yezandi zesandi zesandi).
Amanqanaba okwakha Yazisa umxholo wesakhono sokukhula esivakalayo (i-Index ye-inshurensi yesandi - i-RW), elinganiswa kwi-cibels. Eli xabiso alixhomekeki kwindawo yegumbi, okanye ukusuka ekufumaneni okukhalileyo kuyo kwaye isebenza kuphela kwesakhiwo esifakiweyo. I-MHSNSn 2.04-97 "Amanqanaba engceni evumelekileyo, ophumeleleyo kunye neemfuno zokuhlala ezikhoyo kwiNdawo yokuHlala kunye neNdawo yoLuntu), i-52 DB- Izakhiwo), i-50 ye-DB- yecandelo lezindlu kwi (izindlu ezindala).
Njengoko ulwazi lokucamngca, imizekelo enokubangelwa. I-Brick isahlulelo esivela kwizitena ezibomvu ezibomvu, siye safakwa kumacala omabini, sinezilinganiselo ezibini zesalathiso sendlela yezandi: udonga kwi-Pellipheich (ubukhulu be-150mm) - 47 DB; Udonga kwi-1 ye-Brick (ubukhulu nge-280mm ye-280mm) - 54 DB; Udonga kwizitena ezi-2 (ubukhulu be-Plaster 530mm) - 60 db.
Ukutsalwa kwengxolo yengxolo yesahlulelo esiqinileyo se-vvl tick i-12mm kwi-50mm nganye ye-50mm (indawo yefreyimu igcwaliswa) ye-airbap ephakathi kwe-10mm ye malunga ne-53 DB. Kule meko, ubukhulu becala bube yi-160mm.
Ukuba uza kufaka iqonga lemidlalo yasekhaya egumbini, i-Brick Septa okanye iibhloko zekhonkrithi zikhethwa kuneempawu ezizoyisayo, zidlula ngesandi esisezantsi kwaye sisezantsi se-rinema?). Ngoku, iindonga zeplastacks zikhuselwe kakuhle kwingxolo yasekhaya (umzekelo, amazwi abantu, okuphakamileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-avareji ye-avareji).
Ngelixa eyona ndlela iphambili kukuncwina kwegumbi - ukwanda kobunzima bendawo. Ukuba uyilo olusemgangathweni kunye neprofayili ye-50mm kunye namaphepha amabini e-GLC anobungqiwa-mali malunga ne-100mm, isahlulelo sezahlulelo ezahlukeneyo yi-160mm. Kule meko, inqanaba lokufakelwa isandi liya kuthelekiswa nesalathiso esifanayo malunga nobunzima obuninzi be-Bood Teck kwisitena esinye (280mm). Kwaye ukuba umnqweno wakho wokufumana i-inshuler ephezulu yesakhono inkulu, kuya kufuneka ubeke ilahleko yendawo eluncedo. Kwangoko ekuqaleni kolwakhiwo, izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo zezandi kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo ziya zisetyenziswa. Kodwa esi sihloko sibanzi kangangokuba kubalulekile ukuyijonga kwinqaku elahlukileyo.
Izixhobo zeFom
| Isixhobo | Imilinganiselo ye-MM. | Ukuchasana komlilo, ch | Ubunzima 1m2, kg | Isalathiso se-insulser yesandi, i-DB | Ixabiso, $ | Ixabiso le-1M2 lisebenza, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Bod-Tick-ubude | I-120250655. | 2.5 (nge-septum ubukhulu be-120mm) | Malunga ne-260 (kwi-1/2 isitena) | 45. | I-1 ukuya kwi-15 / i-PCS. | 9-25 |
| I-gesicicate blocks | I-600250150. | 1.5-3 (nge-septum ubukhulu be-120mm) | I-7-8 | 37-40 | I-25 / M3. | 6-8 |
| Iibhloko zekhonkrithi | I-600300100 (200) | 2.5-4 (ngobukhulu bokwahlula-hlula 140mm) | I-210. | 37-40 | I-46 / M3. | 6-8 |
| Iibhloko zeglasi | Ngo-19019080. | Hayi ngaphantsi kwe-1. | I-70 (ngesininzi sebhloko enye ye-2,5 kg) | 40-45 | 2-10 / PC. | 20-25 |
| Slagoblocks | I-39018890. | Malunga ne-1. | Malunga ne-180. | 43-46 | I-0.4-0.8 / IPC. | 6-8 |
| Isahlulo sePlasterboard | - | I-0.75-1.9 | 25-50 | 43-55 | I-15-22 / M2. | 6-12. |
| Iipleyiti zepuzzle | I-66750080 (100) | 2. | Malunga ne-90. | 41 (kwiplati i-80mm); I-45 (yeepleyiti i-100mm) | I-10-11 / M2. | 2-3. |
IIREKHODI ZOKUFAKWA KWESITHUTHA SEPUSTM UMGANGATHOLA 42.70 m (ubukhulu kwi-1/2 Brick)
| Isixhobo | inombolo | Ixabiso kwiyunithi nganye, $ | Ixabiso lilonke lezinto ezibonakalayo, $ | Ixabiso lilonke lomsebenzi, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isitena sefletikhali | Ii-PC ezingama-650. | I-0.20 / PC. | I-130. | I-141. |
| Armare | I-16 m / p M. | I-0.50 / pog. M. | Sibhozo | Ibandakanyiwe kwixabiso |
| Isisombululo | I-0.5m3 | 20m3 | 10 | Masonch |
| Udaka | I-500 kg | I-0.10 / kg | Amashumi amahlanu | I-113. |
| I-poty | I-90 kg | I-0.50 / kg | 45. | I-84. |
| Izinto zokusika (ukukhetha): | ||||
| ipeyinti | I-11 kg | I-7 / kg | 77. | I-5 / m2. |
| Iipaneli | I-21,6m2. | I-20 / M2. | 432. | I-15 / m2. |
| iphepha lodonga | 4.5 Rulona | I-10 / roll | I-120. | Ukusuka kwi-4 / m2 |