Ingcono uphahla kwindlu yabucala: Ushwankathelo lwee-plus kunye nemizuzu yezinto

Sicebisa ukuba siye senzela uphahla ukuze lihle, alizange lihambe kwaye lisebenze ixesha elide.

Konke malunga nokukhetha uphahla

Ikhuthazi

Ukukhetho olwahlukileyo

• Isilayidi
• Proflist
• I-tile yentsimbi
• I-tuminous tile
• I-Onulin

Ungalukhetha njani uphahla oluphambili

Ukulungiswa, kwaye ukwakhiwa okungakumbi, kucebisa inkcitho ebalulekileyo. Umnini walondolozo ufuna ukubanciphisa, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni oku akuyi kuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo. Siza kujongana nendlela yokugubungela uphahla lwendlu engenakuthembeka nangokufanelekileyo. Kodwa kuqala ufumanise ukuba yintoni impahla efanelekileyo yophahla.

Ukusuka kwinto yokupheka xa ukhetha

• Amandla okumelana nemithwalo ebalulekileyo ngohlobo lwekhephu okanye amanzi.
• Ukuchasana ne-themospheric phenomena.
• Ubunzima obuncinci ukuze ungalayishi ulwakhiwo.
• Kulula ukuhlanganisa, isixa esincinci senkunkuma ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Ubomi obude benkonzo.
• Inkonzo elula, ukungasebenzi.

Kunqweneleka ukuba ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo aliphezulu kakhulu. Ewe, ukuba ukungqengqeleka kunembono ebonakalayo ehlala ihleli yonke inkonzo. Uphahla aluyi kuthuthuzela kuphela, kodwa lwaluhombisa isakhiwo.

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Yintoni engcono: Uphengululo lwezixhobo zophahla lophahla

Uluhlu lokuphahla lubanzi lubanzi. Bahlulahlulwe baba ngamaqela amabini amakhulu: bhetyebhetye kwaye lunzima. Eyokuqala yenziwa nge-bitumen, ifibberglass, seluplose. Izinto ezingafunekiyo okwesibini zesamente, isimo sengqondo, isinyithi, njl njl. Omabini la maqela ayakonwabela imfuno. Qwalasela ngcono ukugubungela uphahla lwendlu.

I-Wave Stome

I-Veteran phakathi kwezixhobo zophahla ezidiid sele zifumaneka ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinambini. Isebenzisa isamente e-portland kumxube wee-Asbestos kunye namanzi. Ubunzima obubanjiweyo bubunjiweyo bubunjiwe. Ngaphambili, babengayipeyinti, bahlala bempunga. Iimodeli zanamhlanje zipeyintiwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba ipeyinti iziswa kwinqanaba le-idoli, imveliso ayiyi kuphelelwa.

iimpembelelo

• Amandla. Iphepha lokutsalela ngokulula lijonge ngokulula ubunzima bomntu omdala.
• Ubomi benkonzo malunga neminyaka engama-25.
• Iimpawu ezilungileyo zokufudumala kunye nokuphola.
• Ukulondolozwa. Ukuba iyafuneka, ungathatha indawo yento echithiweyo.
• Ayisebenzi, phantsi kwempembelelo yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu angakhuphi nezinto eziyityhefu.
• Ixabiso lamashiti liphantsi.

Imizuzu

Okokuqala, bubukho be-Asbestos. Ngokweziphumo zakutshanje, wajika waba yi-carcinogen. Ke ngoko, iiprlosoltito-cetes zivele ziya zithengiswa. Bakhuselekile. Enye i-thabatha i-asbestostostorta ihhlisayo hygroscopity. Ufumana umswakama, okhokelela ekuqhubeni kancinci, intshabalalo.

Iipleyiti zinokutsha, kodwa emlilweni baphuka ngokusekwa kweentlantsi. Oku kunokubangela umlilo kufutshane nezindlu. Ufakelo luthintelwe limakhishithi ebalulekileyo, nganye inobunzima obungama-20 kg. Ngesiseko esingachanekanga, isilayidi sinokuqhekeka, kuyinto eqhelekileyo.

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Iphepha lenziweyo

Ifumaneka kwiipleyiti ezibandayo ezibandayo zensimbi edityaniswe ngecala lokukhusela. Le yokugqibela yahlukile. Lo ngumaleko we-zinc okanye i-polymers ekhethekileyo. Iimveliso ze-Galvanited Peap, umaleko wazo okhuselayo uphakame ngokukhawuleza. I-polymers ikhuselwe ngcono ngentsimbi ukusuka kwi-corrosion. Ukhuseleko olunjalo lumbala ohlukileyo.

iimpembelelo

• Ubunzima obuthathaka, ukuxinana koyilo akuyi kuba njalo.
• Amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nomongatho woomatshini.
• I-ecology, intsimbi ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo.
• Ufakelo olulula, olunokwenziwa ngokuzimeleyo.

Imizuzu

Kuya kufuneka uyazi malunga neepropathi zayo eziphantsi. Imvula, kwaye nangakumbi ngesichotho, intywila eluphahleni, iya kuviwe ngokucacileyo kwikona nganye yendlu. Kuyinyani, le ngxaki isonjululwe ngokulungiselela i-inshulensi eyongezelelweyo. Iimpawu zokufakwa kwe-irmal azonelanga. Ukufakwa kokufakelwa kwezintlu-kutyala kunye nokufakwa kwamanzi kuya kufuneka, kungenjalo ukwenziwa kwenkqubo ye-quimbate kunokwenzeka.

Uphahla lwefom entsonkothileyo, ubungcali abufanekiswanga kuba kufuneka kuthathe nomda omkhulu. Kule meko, kuya kubakho inkunkuma eninzi ekunciphiseni. Omnye umthwalo kukuphathwa gadalala. Ke ngoko, xa ibeka iplate, iZiko elikhethekileyo kuphela elimiselweyo. Yonke imingxunya yokuqhekeza iqhubekile ngepeyinti. Ngaphandle koko, ukugxila kwe-corosion kuya kuvela ngokukhawuleza kwezi ndawo.

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I-tile yentsimbi

Ukuxeliswa kwethayile ye-ceram yemveli. Imveliso ebunjiweyo idityaniswe ngamaleko okhuselayo we-zinc kunye ne-polymers. Ubume be-shingle buhluka kwi-trapezoidal ukuya kwi-semicirsur, ipeyintiwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho oqeqeshiweyo, kuyingenelo ngembonakalo enomdla kunye nobubanzi obuncinci. I-Latter iqhuba ufakelo.

iimpembelelo

• Ubunzima obuncinci malunga ne-6 kg nganye yesikwere. m. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubeke amashiti kwikhreyithi, uzisebenzise kwizindlu ezinesiseko esilula.
• Amandla ophahla oluqokelelweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuthembeka kwethayile yensimbi, inani elincinci lemithungo.
• Ukuqina. Inika umndilili weminyaka engama-50. I-tile yentsimbi isetyenziswa phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko zemozulu, ezinamaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye aphezulu.
• Ufakelo olulula olukhawulezileyo. Ibanjwe nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Ubukho beziqhotyoshelweyo, ezinye izinto zenza kube lula. Kuyenzeka ukuba ixhobise eluphahleni ngomgangatho ophezulu ngoncedo lwabo.
• Ukuchasana nokuchasa.

Imizuzu

I-tile yentsimbi inempawu eziphantsi. Ingxolo eyongezelelweyo kunye nokufakwa kobushushu kuyafuneka. Ukulungisa kwesona soncedo kulibaziseke kwikhephu eluphahleni, ke ngoko i-angle yokucetyiswa ibonwa. Ayinakuba ngaphantsi kwe-14 °.

Chukumisa iithayile zensimbi yophahla oluntsonkothileyo alunamsebenzi. Umzobo uyadingeka, ngenxa yoku, inkunkuma ngexesha lokungcola kunokuba sisiqingatha sesithathu sexabiso elifunekayo. I-Polymer Polymer yePolymer isengozini yomonakalo woomatshini. Nokuba i-scratch encinci iya kuba "nesango" lokucoca. Ngesi sizathu, xa ilele, ijika ikwenze ngenyameko, bapeyinta yonke imingxunya nangamacandelo, basebenzise kuphela ubalo olukhethekileyo kuphela.

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I-tuminous tile

Abameli beqela lezinto eziguqukayo eluphahleni, uhlobo lwe-pie ye-pie ". Iveliswa kwisiseko se-fiberglass, efakwe i-bitumed eguqulweyo. I-Recoursetion Conting isetyenziswa ukusuka phezulu. Le yi-multiad crium crumb. Ayikhuseli kuphela, kodwa ikwahombisa imveliso. I-fiberglass esezantsi ivaliwe yi-Polymer-bimount ye-bistraunt rostrant frost.

Owona makheyili asezantsi yifilimu, kuthintela ukunamathela kwamalungu. Isuswe kwinkqubo yokulala.

iimpembelelo

• Iimpawu ezintle zengxolo kunye neempawu zokufakwa kwe-thermal. Ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo alufuneki.
• Amandla kunye ne-elasticity ukuba i-fiberglass ayiphulukani nakubushushu obuphantsi. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubeke isiseko kwisiseko sefom enzima.
• Ubunzima bokukhanya, malunga ne-5 kg ​​nganye yesikwere. m. Oku kube lula ukufakela, akunikeli umthwalo obalulekileyo kwizakhiwo ezixhasayo.
• Ubomi obude benkonzo. Kubavelisi abahlukeneyo, iyahluka ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50.
• Ukukhetha okukhulu kweefom, imibala.
• Ufakelo olulula. Unokugubungela uphahla lweepleyiti eziguquguqukayo ngaphandle koncedo lweengcali.

Imizuzu

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuyibeka kwikhreyithi eqinileyo yezinto ezinganyangekiyo. Iyonyusa ixabiso lemitha yesikwere. Ngesi sizathu, iindleko zophahla ukusuka kwi-thayile yentsimbi kunye ne-bitumen ziphantse ziyafana, ngaphandle komahluko obalulekileyo.

Kukho imida kwi-angle yotyekelo. Ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-12 °, akunakwenzeka ukuba ugubungele izinto eziguqukayo. Kwizakhiwo ezihamba nge-bias ukusuka kwi-12 ° ukuya kwi-18 °, kunqweneleka ukucwangcisa amanzi ongezelelweyo kwi-swagi. Ukusuka kwi-minus encinci kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela uburharha beepleyiti, oko kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba kuya kufuneka bacocwe rhoqo. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akakhonzi i-bitumen, kodwa ayilondoloze. Ke ngoko, akunakwenzeka ukuba ujikeleze i-tile kwimozulu eshushu.

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I-Onulin

Ukwenzela ukuvelisa, iselfowuni yalo isetyenzisiwe. I-ribers ishushu, icinezelwe, ibanike uhlobo lwamashiti eWay. Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, ifakwe i-bitumen. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji enjalo, iipleyiti zifumana ukumelana kwamanzi, nto leyo ingaphezulu kakhulu kphantse yonke i-analogues.

iimpembelelo

• Ubunzima obuncinci. Iphepha linamaxesha amane kunokuba lifana nendawo ye-SLATE. Oku kuququzelele ukuthutha, ufakelo. Ukomeleza uyilo lweTruss okanye isiseko akufuneki.
• Ukuchasana ne-themospheric phenomena. I-AIDD, iAlkalis, iimveliso zeoyile zeoluleki ze-Onulin aziyingozi. Ke ngoko, iigesi zemizi-mveliso, imvula ye-acid ayiyi kumqhubela.
• Ubuhlobo obucocekileyo kunye nobuhlobo bokusingqongileyo. Ukudibana akuxabisi ukuvela kwetyhefu. Ungcoliseko kuwo alilibaziseki.
• Iimpawu ezifanelekileyo zokugcwala. Indlu iya kuthi cwaka kwimvula enkulu.
• Ixabiso eliphantsi, elivumela ukungabizi ukuba lixhobise uphahla.
• Ukunciphisa amandla. Iipleyiti zigoba, kulula ukusika ngesiketi esiqhelekileyo. Zilungiselele kwizikhonkwane ezizodwa ezivalwe kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo yamaza.

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Ngaphandle kwezi zibonelelo ezininzi, i-Ondulin ayisoloko ikhethelwa izindlu zabucala. Kuninzi okudla ngokusetyenziselwa izindlu zelizwe okanye izakhiwo zekhaya. Isizathu silele kwingxelo engentle. Zivela emva kokubeleka okungafanelekanga. Umzekelo, iphepha ngalinye kufuneka linikezele ubuncinci zizikhonkwane ezingama-20, ngaphandle koko amandla aya kubandezeleka. I-curve yekhreyithi iyayichaphazela, akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwe-60 cm. Ukungathobeli itekhnoloji kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kweepropathi zokusebenza.

Ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, i-Onulin iya kuhlala iminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Ukujonga ixabiso layo, kulungile.

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Imizuzu

I-chasmus engachazwanga inokuthathwa njenge-quation kunye nokuphela. Akunakwenzeka ukuba kwinqanaba lezinto ezingalunganga. Ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa kwabavelisi, uzinzo lwebhayoloji lwe-ontilin liphantse lefana nesilayidi. Iindawo ezimanzi ezimanzi kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala zinokuba "kukudubula".

Ngokuqinisekileyo uphendule, engcono kwaye iphantsi ukuya kugubungela uphahla lwendlu. Ukufumana isigqibo esifanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo imozulu, iimeko zomsebenzi, indawo yesakhiwo, enje. Zininzi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo, apho unokuhlala ukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo.

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