Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi enye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zemililo iyindlela engalungile yemishini kagesi yasendlini. Iqiniso lokuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthathwe ukunciphisa amathuba omlilo kuzoxoxwa ngalo esihlokweni sethu.
Photo: Nightman1965 / Fotolia.com
Endlini yokuhlala yanamuhla, kusekhona amadivaysi anobungozi obuningi. Lokhu kufaka cishe yonke amasu kagesi, kanye ne-network ye-Electricall uqobo. Cishe bonke abasebenzisi bacabanga ukuthi kuyisifunda esifushane, futhi baqonde ukuthi ukuvalwa okunjalo kungaholela emlilweni. Kwaziwa kancane, kepha akukho okuthunyelwe okunganqunyelwe, okungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Ungakhohlwa lokho, ngokuya ngezibalo, amaphesenti amahle kakhulu wemililo kungenxa ye-wiring enephutha
Izizathu ezine zokushisa ngokweqile
Iphutha Design. Ububanzi be-wiring bukhethwe ngokungalungile. Isigaba esinconyiwe socingo lwethusi lwesifunda sokukhanyisa kufanele okungenani sibe ngo-1.5 mm²; Okokujikeleza kwezisekelo, kumele okungenani kube ngu-2,5 mm², futhi ukuxhuma amadivaysi aphezulu aphezulu (ngokwesibonelo, isitofu sikagesi), ucingo lwethusi luyadingeka yisigaba okungenani se-6 MM².Thwalisa ngokweqile
Umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu uxhumeke kwi-wiring, ngokwesibonelo, umshini we-welding noma umshini wamanzi uxhumeke ngesandiso sasendlini, esenzelwe i-16.
Ungaxhumi amadivaysi amaningi anamandla ekwandisweni ngasikhathi sinye. Photo: Showcake / Fotolia.com
Ukwehlukaniswa komgogodla
I-Mechan Dome yesisekelo kwesinye isikhathi iholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukumelana kwandisa kakhulu kule ndawo, kanti ucingo kule ndawo luqala ukweqa.
Khetha isigaba se-wire cross ngendlela efanele. Photo: Bilionphotos.com/fotolia.com.
Isimo esingalungile sokufakwa kukagesi
Ukuncipha kwama-screw cremps nakho kuholela ekwandeni kokumelana kagesi nokushisa koxhumana naye. I-oxidation yoxhumana nabo bokushintshwa iholela enhlanzini yabo lapho besebenza.
Ukuxhuma izintambo ngeziqeshana. Photo: Dima_Pics / Fotolia.com
Resi9 resi9 2 Pole 25 A (Schneider Electric). Photo: Schneider Electric
Ungakugwema izinkinga nge-wiring ekusebenzeni kahle. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuqukatha izintambo nokufakwa kukagesi ngokulandelana.
Konke ukuxhumeka kocingo kumele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-soldering, i-welding, imikhono ebomvu noma ama-clamp akhethekile okufakwa kanye nama-terminals. Ukuhlaselwa kwesikulufa ngezikhathi ezithile (kanye njalo njalo ngeminyaka emi-2-3) kumele kuhlolwe, futhi lapho kunciphisa ama-cmuls aqine ngokuqinile. Lapho ungena esikhundleni semikhiqizo ye-wiring, kunengqondo ukukhetha imikhiqizo yokwakheka okusha nge-Spring, hhayi ama-clamps. Izinyawo ezinjalo kanye nokushintshwa ku-assortment yabenzi bokukhiqizwa kakhulu kwemikhiqizo yokufaka kagesi. Kuyinto efiselekayo futhi ukuthi ama-rosette anama-screw clamps atholakala endaweni efinyelelekayo. Yize isilingo siphezulu kakhulu ukufihla isokhethi elinjalo ngaphansi kosofa noma ngemuva kwekhabethe, kodwa akunconywa ukukwenza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, awukwazi ukubona ukuthi isokhethi lizoqala kanjani ukufudumala kancane ngenxa yokubuthaka kwama-clamps. Futhi-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuxhumana nezitolo, kubalwa ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwe-16 a, amadivaysi anomthamo ongaphezu kwama-3.5-5 kW.
Photo: auremar / fotolia.com
Isakhiwo esilinganiselwe sesakhiwo se-alamu yomlilo yasekhaya ngokususelwa kwi-C2000 Controller Console
1 - Iphaneli Yokulawula nokulawulwa kwe-C2000 m; 2 - Izinzwa zemisipha yomlilo; 3, 6 - UBraz emabhuloki aqhekekisa futhi afaka ama-infating; 4 - Ikheli Block C2000-KDL; 5 - Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla; 7 - Ibhukwana Lomnotho; 8 - uphawu lomsindo; 9 - Ukuhamba nokuqala block; I-10 - ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Umugqa wokuqala wokuvikela
Uma umqhubi wesifundo ugeleza kakhulu, kufudunyezwa kakhulu. Kungalimaza imishini kagesi futhi kubangele umlilo. Njenge-ejenti evikelayo, i-othomathikhi yokushintsha i-swicing standation ifakiwe kwi-wiring ngaphambi kwamanje afinyelela kumanani ayingozi. Umfufula wesifunda wanamuhla kufanele uhlome ngokukhishwa okushisayo kanye ne-electromagnetic. Lapho amaningi kakhulu esebenza ngokusebenza ngasikhathi sinye esebenza kunethiwekhi, ukulayisha ngokweqile kwenzeka, futhi umshini ucishiwe eqenjini lokukhishwa kokushisa (ipuleti le-bimetallic). Futhi uma ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-appliance kagesi noma i-wiring phakathi kwezingxenye ze-chain, etholakala ngaphansi kwama-voltages ahlukene, indawo enokumelana kagesi ophansi kakhulu kwenzeka, kwenzeka umjikelezo omfushane. Kulokhu, umshini ukhutshaziwe ngumyalo wokukhishwa we-electromagnetic.
Ukushintshwa okuhlukile kwamanje (vdt) kuyasetshenziswa, okuthi, ngaphezu kokuvikela abantu kusuka ekushaqekeke ngogesi, kusebenza njengokuvikelwa kwangaphambilini emililweni nemishini kagesi, lapho kuncane, isikhathi eside, isikhathi eside Ukuvuza kwamanje kuyabonakala.
Isisekelo somphumela ovikelayo umgomo wemikhawulo (ngenxa yokuvalwa okusheshayo) kokugeleza kwamanje ngomzimba womuntu ngokuthinta okuthinta izinto ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi. Ukuvikelwa komlilo kwe-VDT kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nokwephulwa kwesifunda, baphendule ekuvuthweni okuncane kwamanje ngokusebenzisana okulimele kanye nesikhathi esifanele, ngaphambi komlilo, nqamula isigaba esiphuthumayo sesifunda sikagesi.
I-Smoke Sensor Rubetek Evo, 120 × 40 MM, 9 V. Photo: Leroy Merlin
Kukhona ukushintshwa okunjalo ku-assortment ye-ABB, iLegrand, Schneider Electric nabanye abakhiqizi abakhulu. Zifakwe kujantshi we-DIN.
Izindleko zokushintshwa okuhlukile zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3-6. Futhi kuya ngenani lokuvuza kwamanje (kuvame ukuba yi-10, 30, 100 noma 300 ma) kanye namanzi alinganiselwe lapho amathuluzi ebalwa khona (imvamisa engama-25, 40 noma 63 a).
Khulisa i-alamu ngesikhathi!
Ukuphatha uhlelo lomlilo e-Intelligent House Insyte kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ithebhulethi. Photo: Insyte.
Uma umlilo uqala, khona-ke into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyithola ngokushesha futhi uphendule. Lokhu kusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphepha nezinhlelo zomlilo. Isisekelo sohlelo olunjalo yiphaneli yokulawula (idivaysi yokulawula etholayo), ecubungula imininingwane engenayo evela kumadivayisi axhunywe kwikhebula noma ngokuxhumana okungenantambo, kuncike kuhlobo lomcimbi, kusebenza Ama-algorithm ahambelana anqunyelwe ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa.
Izigaba zokufakwa kophahla komshini womlilo ongenantambo ngokudluliswa kwedatha nge-Wi-Fi
Photo: Andrey Popov / Fotolia.com (3)
Ngaphezu kwephaneli yokulawula, amadivaysi alandelayo angafaka amadivayisi alandelayo ohlelweni lwe-alamu yomlilo:
- Ama-Optical Smontuctors;
- Ukuthola okushisayo;
- Ukuthola umlilo komlilo;
- Amamojula wokufaka / wokukhipha / okhipha amamojula (ohlelweni lwendawo yokuhlala, i-inthanethi, isaziso se-SMS);
- Imithombo yamandla e-Backup (Ups);
- Amathrekhi ekhebula (asetshenziswe ikhebula elikhethekile lokungamelana nomlilo).
Imodyuli yokudlulisa idatha. Photo: Insyte.
Futhi, abasebenza ngezambatho ezahlukahlukene bangaxhunywa kwidivaysi yokulawula, njengokukhiya kwe-elektromokhelical, umnyango wokungena okhishwe noma ukuxhumanisa umoya omncane. Uma unomlilo, inzwa ithumela isibonakaliso kwidivaysi yokulawula, lapho isiginali yokuqwashisa isivele isithunyelwe - lokhu kungaba yisiginali kwiphaneli yokulawula, ukuguqula i-siren yasekhaya noma i-SMS kuya kubanikazi bekhaya.
Ukufundisa ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zomlilo kufanele kube ochwepheshe abakhethekile abanelayisense le-Mes elifanele lokufaka imali yokuphepha komlilo
Module lokushisa. Photo: Insyte.
Izinzwa zifakwe kuwo wonke amakamelo ekhaya, futhi amanye amakamelo angahlukaniswa izigaba (izindawo), futhi inzwa ehlukile ifakiwe endaweni ngayinye. Ukuzibanda kungahle kube uphahla noma kufakwe odongeni (cishe ngo-20 cm ngaphansi kophahla). Kufanele ibekwe ibanga elithile kusuka epuletini noma endaweni yomlilo (akusondelana ngaphezu kwe-3-4 m) ukukhipha impendulo yamanga, ngakho-ke kunezinzwa ezikhethekile ezishisayo ezisabela ekushiseni, hhayi intuthu.
Ngemuva kokuthi intuthu ivele, inzwa izonikeza ngokuzenzakalelayo isibonakaliso kwiphaneli yokulawula. Photo: Fovito / Fotolia.com, Nikkytok / Fotolia.com
Izinhlelo ezikhona zingahlukaniswa zaba yizemfundo nekheli. Uhlobo lokuqala luyinto elula, i-alamu izosebenza ngaphandle kwenkomba yokuthi inzwa iye yakuqhubekisela phambili. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zivame ukufaka inani elincane lezinzwa (ezine kuya kwezihlanu) futhi zifakwe emafulethini amancane kakhulu noma izindlu zezwe, ezingeke zibe nzima ukuthola umthombo wokulahla. Inzuzo yohlelo olunjalo yizindleko zayo eziphansi: lonke isethi yemishini ingathengwa ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3-4, futhi okulula okuqukethe inzwa eyodwa yokuzimela enesilawuli esakhelwe ngaphakathi kuthengiswa ngo-500- Ama-ruble angama-1000. Izinhlelo ezihlosiwe futhi ezibiza kakhulu ezihlosiwe lapho idivaysi yokulawula inganikeza khona i-alamu kuphela, kepha futhi ikhombisa ukuthi ngabe inzwa isebenze ngqo. Lo mklamo ukuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokushesha ukugxila kokulahla futhi ungasebenzisi imali ngakho ngesikhathi esiyigugu. Izindleko zalozinhlelo ezinjalo ziqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5-6.
Uhlelo lokuphepha ngomlilo luqediwe ngamakhamera wevidiyo. Photo: Kange studio / fotolia.com
Izinhlelo ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa zombili ngesimo sezakhiwo zabantu ngamunye kanye nengxenye yohlelo oluhle lwasekhaya. Enguqulweni yokugcina, i-alamu yomlilo nayo iya ngokuya ihlakaniphile. " Isibonelo, lapho kuvela isiginali yobungozi, uhlelo lwe-Smart Home luyakwazi ukuthumela i-alamu kuphela, kodwa futhi cisha igesi nogesi endaweni eyingozi. Futhi ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kungenza ngokushesha kwenze isithombe sokugxila komlilo ongaba khona bese usithumela kwi-smartphone yomnikazi.
Imishini yokuthola intuthu ibekwe ukuze isuse impendulo yabo yamanga, imvamisa bafakwa ophahleni. Photo: AA + w / fotolia.com
Amayunithi eketanga elilodwa
Izinzwa ezikhona zomlilo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi ngokuya ngomklamo wazo. Empilweni yansuku zonke, imishini yokuthola intuthu ivame ukusetshenziswa. Ukubhema, ukuwela ohlelweni lwezinzwa obone khona, qaphela ugongolo lwe-LED ngendlela yokuthi ingena kwi-PhotoCell - futhi umtshina ubangelwa. Olunye uhlobo lwamadivayisi asetshenziswa empilweni yansuku zonke izinzwa zokushisa. Okulula kakhulu kuyabangelwa lapho inani lokushisa lamazinga okushisa lifinyelelwa, futhi ngobuchwepheshe basabela kahle futhi ngesilinganiso sokushisa okwandayo futhi bangasebenza kuze kube yilapho kufinyelela inani lalo lomkhawulo; Izinzwa ezinjalo zithembeke kakhulu, kepha futhi zibiza kakhulu. Uhlobo lwenzwa yesithathu - imichilo yekhabhoni ye-carbon monoxide. Ngokwesilinganiso, izindleko zokuthola izithonjana zentuthu yasendlini zisuka kuma-ruble angama-200. Kufika kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-5-6; Izinzwa ezixhunyiwe ezintanjeni zishibhile kunamamodeli anokuhanjiswa kwedatha okungenantambo. Kukhona ababiza kakhulu futhi abafanelekileyo, njengokuthola umlilo ovulekile noma imishini yokutholwa kwentuthu ye-radiosotope ebiza inqwaba yama-ruble ayinkulungwane, kepha awasebenzi empilweni yansuku zonke.
Photo: Constantin / Fotolia.com
Isicishamlilo sinamathiselwe
Izicishamlilo zomlilo zisetshenziswa njengokucima umlilo okuyisisekelo. Kuliqiniso, ukukhipha indlu evuthayo ngosizo lwabo ngeke isebenze, kodwa esigabeni sokuqala somlilo ingasebenza.
Sebenza nge-carbon dioxide Fire Reciisher. Photo: peefay / fotolia.com
Ukuze isicishamlilo somlilo yi-ejenti ephumelelayo yokulwa nomlilo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha imodeli efanele ngokunethezekile ngokuya ngenani le-Stearing DiscIng: Okungenani i-1 L ye-Stearing Areas kuyo yonke indawo engama-25 m2
Ngaphambi kokuvula isicishamlilo, udinga ukudonsa isheke lokuphepha ngaphandle kwesokhethi. Photo: Jayzynism / Fotolia.com
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokucisha umlilo, i-air-emulsion evame kakhulu, i-carbon dioxide, umoya-foam ne-powder. Bonke banezinzuzo zabo kanye nobubanzi besicelo.
Photo: Andrey Popov / Fotolia.com
Izicishamlilo zomlilo we-Air-Foam kahle zicisha kahle indawo eqinile eqinile, uketshezi olushisayo, uwoyela. Lezi zinhlobo azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukucisha imishini kagesi ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi. Izicishamlilo zomlilo e-Air-Emulsion ziphelele kakhulu futhi, njengezicishamlilo zomlilo, zilungele ukucisha zonke izinhlobo zokuhlasela kwasekhaya. Izicishamlilo zomlilo ze-Carbon Dioxide zinenzuzo ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo eqinisweni lokuthi i-carbon dioxide ayishiyi umkhondo kwifenisha nendwangu, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukubuyisa ukuhleleka komlilo okushisayo ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide umlilo. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lubhekana kahle nokucishwa kwezindawo eziqinile, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke kuseyinto engcono kakhulu ye-Air-emulsion noma amamodeli we-powder.
Photo: Andrey Popov / Fotolia.com
Ohlelweni lokuphepha komlilo ekhaya, ukubhema, izinzwa zokushisa, izinzwa ezinyakazayo ezifakiwe zifakiwe. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-INSYTE kwimodi ehlala njalo liqapha ukuba khona kwentuthu, izinga lokushisa, kanye namasiginali avela ezinzwa ezinyakazayo. Endabeni lapho uhlelo luthole ukubhema, izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kwama-60 ° C, kanye nesibonakaliso esiqhubekayo kusuka ezinhlanganweni ezinyakazayo ezingezinkinga, isiginali yomlilo idluliselwa ngokuzenzakalela kwisevisi yomlilo, abaphathi kanye nabo bonke abathintekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezenzakalelayo zikwazisa abaqashi ngazo zonke izikhulumi ezikhona, zivala umoya omncane kanye nama-de-enika amandla ezakhiwo, ukunciphisa izinga lomonakalo. I-alamu yomlilo njengengxenye yekhaya elihlakaniphile libiza ikhasimende elishibhile kakhulu, ngoba akudingekile ukuthenga elinye iqoqo lamadivayisi wokulawula nezinzwa, kepha imishini yekhaya elihlakaniphile iyasetshenziswa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunemba nokunemba kokutholwa kwemililo nentuthu kuphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa zekhaya elihlakaniphile, futhi hhayi nje izinzwa zomlilo ezilula.
Alexey kychkin
Umqondisi weSayensi INSYTE Electronics
