Sithi kungani sidinga ukukhipha amanzi isisekelo nokuthi singakusebenzisa kanjani ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Gcina esisekelweni sendlu ngeke. Ngendlela ehlukile, ikhaya lakho liqinile futhi liyathembeka iminyaka eminingi - liba nje umbono ongenamqondo. Ngasikhathi sinye, isakhiwo sivame ukusungulwa ngokwaso noma ngokuzibandakanya kwama-brigades wamahhala nabakhi abajwayelekile. Kunoma ikuphi, bonke ababambiqhaza kule nqubo banamakhono amancane wokwakha noma wendawo yonke. Kungakho esigabeni ngasinye sokwakhiwa, izinto zokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe zidingeka, ezisebenza kahle, ezisebenzayo ngokuya ngezimpawu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, okuthi, akudingi ukuthi ukuhilela imishini ekhethekile kanye nolwazi olukhethekile lokwakha .
Isisekelo. Photo: Tehtonol
Ukuvimbela amanzi isisekelo, kanye nokufakelwa kwayo okushisayo, - amaphuzu asemqoka ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina kwezinhlaka zokhonkolo eziqinisiwe zezinhlaka zokhonkolo eziqinisiwe zamabhande aphezulu ezulu kanye nenhlabathi yezindawo ezahlukahlukene zeRussia.
Ngokwezindinganiso zokwakha, isisekelo sendlu yangasese (ephansi) sibophekile ukusebenza ngempumelelo okungenani iminyaka engama-50. Leli gama likhulu ngokwanele, ngalesi sikhathi izizukulwane eziningana zizohlala endlini.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, isisekelo kufanele simelane nezenzo eziqhubekayo zomswakama, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinezinga eliphakeme lomhlaba kanye namanzi wesiphepho, imiphumela yamakhemikhali nezobuchwepheshe (izimpande zezitshalo, izimpande). Futhi, isisekelo kumele sibhekane nokulimazeka okuncane okungenakugwenywa kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo.
Njengoba sesifunde isipiliyoni somhlaba kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwasekhaya kwesakhiwo sasekhaya esisezingeni eliphansi, ochwepheshe beTechnononolki bathuthukisa impahla ekhethekile engangeni manzi ukuvikela izisekelo zezindlu zangasese - "Ukungena ngaphansi kwamanzi iTechnonol".
Photo: Tehtonol
Isetshenziswa ekwakheni okuphansi njengolwelwelwesi olungenamanzi ukuvikela izisekelo ezenziwe ngezezimali nezinenkani ikakhulukazi emhlabathini onesihlabathi onamanzi aphansi aphansi kanye nezisekelo ze-monolithic ezinezisekelo ezincanyana nezijulile ezansi. Ukuvinjwa kwamanzi manzi kwe-technonol ye-folament technonol kuyingxenye yezinhlelo ezilandelayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakha: I-TN-FUNDA CMS Classic, TN-FUNDA CMS ejwayelekile, TN-FUNDAY CCM ejwayelekile, TN-Foundation Light CMM Light CMS, TN-FUNDAM LIAM CMS. Okuningi mayelana nesakhiwo kanye nezici zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingatholakala emhlolweni okhethekile wewebhu. Izinto ezinamathela ngempumelelo zinaka yonke imininingwane - ukwakhiwa kwayo, i-brigade emugqeni, umthelela we-physico-biological - futhi akulutho olungenazo izifaniselo emakethe yokwakha yasekhaya nasemazweni e-CIS.
Yisiphi "isisekelo sokungenzi maliving isisekelo seTekhnonikol" siyazuzisa futhi silula?
Okuqukethwe kuqukethe izingqimba ezimbili kuphela - ifilimu elingaphandle eliqinile lokuvikela ungqimba olungangeni manzi kusuka ekulimaleni okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali kanye nokuzinamathela emanzini aphakathi nendawo anamanzi anolaka anolaka futhi anamathela emanzini aphezulu anama-bitumen-polymer avikelwe yifilimu ebucayi evuthayo evela ku okuqukethwe ekufakweni kokufakwa kwalo emiklamo yesisekelo.
Photo: Tehtonol
Ukungabikho kwesisekelo nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-Bitumen-polymer ingxube elungisiwe kakhulu ukukhulisa ukuguquguquka nokubumba okuhlobene nokuqukethwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho ubeka impahla esesisekelweni, kwakhiwa ungqimba olulodwa olungenamanzi olungenamanzi, okuthi, ngaphandle kokulimaza, kufaka phakathi ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka esisekelweni.
Kubalulekile - "Ukuvimbela amanzi ngePolament Technikol" akudingi ukudonswa kwakudala, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile namakhono ahambelana nalo, okusheshisa ukufakwa kusebenza amahlandla amathathu. Umsebenzi uqobo ungakhiqiza njengomnikazi wesakhiwo esizayo, hhayi ngisho nomakhi ochwepheshe kanye nokwakha amaBrigades, ngoba umsebenzi wakhe uzomane alandelwe, futhi, ngenxa yokubelwa kokulula kobuchwepheshe: Ngilinganise, nginqume, nginamathiselwe, kunqunyelwe, kunamathiselwe, kuncishisiwe.
Photo: Tehtonol
Ekuqaleni kokufakwa, kuyadingeka ukukala ukuphakama kwesisekelo bese usika okubonakalayo kobude obuhambisanayo. Ukumisa impahla kufanele kwehliswe phansi, kususwe ifilimu elivikelayo, kancane kancane kungavuli ukulungiswa nokugoqa okugoqekayo. Izinto ezibonakalayo ziqala ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi ngo-30-50 cm. Ubukhulu bokunamathela omude ngu-100 mm, ubukhulu bokunamathela okuguqukayo ngu-150 mm. Unqenqema olungaphezulu lwento engangeni manzi kufanele lulungiswe engxenyeni eyisisekelo ngesitimela sensimbi eqopheni.
Izinto ezibonakalayo zinobukhulu obuyi-1.5 mm kuphela, okwenza kube lula ukuvala amakhona, ukugoba kanye nokuphromothi.
Photo: Tehtonol
Ngaphambi kokubeka impahla ebusweni besisekelo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ungqimba lokuqala - i-bitumen primer, okuyisisekelo sokunamathela kokuqeda amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ungqimba lwe-Bitumen Primer ungqimba lungeke lusebenze njengengqimba elizimele elingangeli manzi, ngoba alikwazi ukuphikisana namathonya angaphandle anolaka nangokoqobo.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ezingeni eliphansi lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, "ukuphazanyiswa kwamanzi isisekelo seTekhnonikol" kubekwe ungqimba olulodwa, ngokujula okuphezulu kwamanzi komhlaba, 2 m kanye ngaphansi - ezingxenyeni ezimbili.
