Abaningi bazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwakha ebusika. Ungakwazi, futhi zombili izindlu zezitini nohlaka. Into esemqoka ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bokwakha emazingeni okushisa aphansi esizowasho.
Isithombe: U-Andrei Shevchenko, inkampani yokwakha "Galant-Stry"
Kungenzeka yini ukwakha ngesikhathi sokubanda? Imibono yochwepheshe incishiswa kwaba okulandelayo: kungenzeka, kepha kuphela uma ubheka imithetho ekhethekile ebusika yokwenza izinqubo zezobukhosi. ESweden naseFinland, okufana kakhulu nezindawo eziningi zaseRussia, "ukwakhiwa okuphansi" okuphansi sekuyisikhathi eside yiba yinto evamile. Yakha ngokhuni (kufaka phakathi izindonga), ngaphezulu kwezakhiwo ze-wafter, kanye nezindawo ezikhuphulwe ezikhuphukile zesithwathwa esilinganiselwe akuphazamisi. Kumazinga okushisa okushisa kunzima ukusebenza ngokhonkolo, kungathandeki kakhulu ukulondolozwa kobuso bobuso futhi kufake ithayela eliguquguqukayo, akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ama-facades ngetshe noma ngethayela.
Uma kunqunywa ukuyeka umsebenzi ubusika, khona-ke indawo yokwakha kumele icindezelwe: Ukuvalwa kanye nophahla lwesikhashana lwesikhashana. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Ungathulula kanjani isisekelo esiqandeni
Izengezo zika-Anti-Frosty zengezwa kukhonkolo, kanye namapulasitiki ukukhulisa ukuhamba kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezinto, ukusheshisa iqoqo lamandla. Photo: Plitonit.
Isisekelo sendlu yisisekelo, esivame ukwenziwa ngokhonkolo. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-5 ° C, kufanele ubheke izindlela ezikhethekile ukhonkolo. Enye yazo ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo esifudumele. Enqubweni yokulungiswa kwayo, amanzi, isihlabathi kanye netshe elichotshoziwe liyashisa. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa likakhonkolo akufanele lidlule ku-40 ° C futhi lingaphansi kwama-20 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuhamba kwalo kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Umsebenzi womenzi - ukwenza ukwakheka okufudumele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka kwisiza sokwakha. Izindleko zokhonkolo ezinjalo ziphakeme okungenani ezingama-30% ngokuqhathaniswa nehlobo. Ukuqinisekisa isimo esifanele seqoqo lamandla, ukhonkolo uthululelwa esisekelweni esenziwa kusengaphambili futhi ungene efomini.
Lapho ubeka amafasitela neminyango kanye namapayipi, angenzi ngaphandle kwe-polyurethane Foam, izici eziyinhloko zazo eziyiqhwa, umphumela kanye nobunzima. Photo: "Izinhlelo-Pro"
Enye inketho ukusebenzisa ukhonkolo okhazimulayo lapho kwethulwa khona izithasiselo ezivinjelwe yiqhwa, zethulwa) izithasiselo), zehlisa iqhwa lamanzi nokusheshisa amandla kasimende. Imvamisa, izinto ezisuselwa ku-sodium nitrite, ikhabhoni diok dioxide, i-sodium chloride isetshenziswa njengezengezo ezinjalo. Kubalulekile ukubheka ngokuqinile ukwahlukana kwesisindo sikakhonkolo kanye nesengezo esingamelana nesithwathwa. Uma izinto zinganele, ukhonkolo uzoqala ukukhulula futhi inqubo yokwakheka kwetshe likasimende iyophela.
I-compact ukhonkolo ukhonkolo iqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezithasiselo zama-antiorrosal kuyo yonke ingqungquthela yengxube. Isithombe: Sika.
Ubusika yisikhathi esifanele sokusika isonto, elinikeze ukushwabana okukhulu. Ukuze ushayele imishini yokungenelela okululaphekayo Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa itheyiphu ye-jute. Photo: "Iqembu laseLona"
Ukusetshenziswa kwezengezo okuvinjelwe isithwathwa kuvumela ukusebenza ekushiseni komoya kuya ku-25 ° C, noma kunjalo, izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe zikakhonkolo okubandayo okulungisiwe kubi ukwedlula umlingani wayo wendabuko. Ngakho-ke, kunemikhawulo eminingana ekusetshenzisweni kwalokhu okuqukethwe. Ngakho-ke, ukhonkolo onezithasiselo ezingama-mariorrosal awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni ezigcizelelwa kwangaphambi kokugcizelelwa, kanye nasezinhlekeleleni ezincike emthwalweni ashukumisayo. Uma i-sodium chloride noma i-calcium chloride isebenza njengezengezo, khona-ke i-coccrete enjalo ayikwazi ukwenza izithako zezakhiwo zekhonkrithi ze-precast, ezinobuningi bezindlu ezigciniwe noma izivikelo zensimbi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okukhethekile, ngaphezulu kwazo ezingavunyelwe.
Inhlanganisela ekhonkolo enezithasiselo zikakhonkolo ingayalwa efektri (izindleko ezimaphakathi ndawonye ngokulethwa kungakapheli ama-40-50 km ukusuka ku-ruble angama-5500, uma, ngokwesibonelo, kudingeka ukugcwaliswa okuncane noma okuvumelekile ukugcwalisa isisekelo. Zonke izithasiselo zithengiswa emaphaketheni ngemiyalo, ukuhambisana nakho okusebenzayo njengokhiye wokwakha isakhiwo esiqinile seMonolithic. Ungasebenza kanjani ngokhonkolo "obandayo"? Isisindo sibekwe kwifomu neCompact. Izinga lokushisa lengxube ngemuva kokuthi uphawu kufanele lwedlule izinga lokushisa leqhwa lezixazululo zamanzi zamanzi zezengezo ezingama-antiorrosic okungenani zingu-5 ° C. Ingaphezulu likakhonkolo, elingavikelwe yifomu, limboziwe ukugwema ukuqina komswakama. Ukhonkolo ugcinwa ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela kuze kufinyelelwe amandla afinyelelekayo.
Ifomu elincane kulula ukuhlanganisa, kepha alikuvikeli ukhonkolo kusuka kubanda. Photo: Izba de Luxe
Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa ingxube ebusika, ehlinzekwa ngephampu yokuxuba
Okulandelayo, i-Ribbon eyisisekelo ivaliwe ngefilimu eliwugqinsi le-PVC ukuvikela ukuwa futhi yehlise ukwehlisa ukhonkolo wokulahleka kokushisa
Emathretha okushisa omngcele (kusukela ku- + 3 ° C kuya ku -3 ° C), ungagcwalisa isisekelo se-sab. Ngasikhathi sinye wathela futhi wasuswa umcamelo wesihlabathi
I-Mount-Level Ukuqiniswa Kokuqinisa
Kubekwe ngokhonkolo ngezithasiselo ze-anti-frosty
Noma kunjalo, isisekelo sesisekelo ebusika inqubo yokuba nzima futhi kudla isikhathi. Izindleko zemifula ekhulayo noma ipitittipt zikhula kakhulu, ngoba noma umgibeli, ungqimba oluwugqinsi lomhlabathi olubuhlungu lungadala inkinga enkulu. Sabalalisa imisele ngesandla konke okunzima kakhulu: Umhlaba uzodinga ukulahla isikhafu. Akusizi ngalutho ukufudumeza amabhonasi akhe, futhi insiza yetende elivuthayo kusuka kwifilimu liyabiza kakhulu.
Izindlela ezinjengezikhombisi zasebusika, njengokushisa kukagesi kwengxube kanye nokufakwa kwefomu le-thermosetting, kubiza kakhulu futhi azithetheli ngokwakhiwa okuphansi okuphansi.
Njengenye indlela yokukhonkolo, kungenzeka ukuncoma ukusebenzisa isisekelo se-Quile-Scale Pile-Scleight ngopende wama-scaperler. Kuliqiniso, kuzolingana kuphela nokukhanya okulula (Uhlaka, Brusade) izakhiwo ezinempilo yenkonzo ebaliwe ye-No.
Yakha izindonga zezinto ezifana ne-Foam block kanye ne-Curamzite-ukhonkolo block, ungakwenza. Kuliqiniso, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhlogo avuniwe nezicucu zezimbumbulu zimbozwe futhi azikhiwa ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwesixazululo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izintandokazi kufanele zinikezwe izinamathiseli ezikhethekile zobusika kanye nokuhlanganiswa kosezingeni eliguquliwe. Photo: "I-Hebel-block"
Ezakhiweni zikakhonkolo
Isixazululo sikakhonkolo ne-masonry yizinto ezisengozini kakhulu ekwakhiweni kobusika. Ngokushisa okungalungile, amanzi aqukethwe ekubukeni kwawo aqala ukukhulula. Kulokhu, uketshezi lukhuphuka ngevolumu ngo-9%, futhi ingcindezi ekhula esiqwini isachitha ukwakheka kwengxube engeyinhlokile. I-Frost iyingozi ngokhonkolo okusha. Ngemuva kokufinyelela kumandla angama-50%, ithonya lokushisa eliphansi alibalulekanga kangako. Kuhle futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi isisindo sikakhonkolo sibanda kancane, ngaphandle kwenqubo kasimende hydration - i-exothermic, ukuze inhlanganisela ibe yize.
I-Ceramzite ukhonkolo Concrete. Photo: "usimende kanye"
Izici ze-Brick Masonry
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili ze-Brickwork esezingeni eliphansi lokushisa - "iqhwa" kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ezikhethekile. Umnyombo we-Okokuqala ukumi ngokulandelayo. Isixazululo esijwayelekile sesimende-sandy sinamazinga okushisa afanele ngesikhathi somsebenzi, maduze nje sibanda emisweleni futhi siqine kakhulu entwasahlobo ngemuva kwamafishi we-masonry, kanye nasebusika. Ukuze amazinga okushisa esixazululo awanaso isikhathi sokuwa ngezansi kwabaliwe, ijubane le-masonry lihole ngokushesha. Isixazululo esilungiselelwe kufanele sidliwe imizuzu engama-20-30.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bahlangana ngombono wokuthi ukubekwa kwendlela eqandayo kungcono ukungaholeli. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngokuqaqa okusheshayo kwama-masonry amasha kuma-seams, ingxube ye-binder kanye nesihlabathi etholwe yiqhwa. Isixazululo kungekudala silahlekelwa yiplastiki, imishini evundlile ihlala ihlanganiswa ngokwanele, futhi lapho incipha, ashayisana amandla adonsela phansi ngokweqile, angahle adangele amandla nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
Uphiko lwe-ceramic okhethiwe lungabekwa esikhaleni esifudumele ekushiseni komoya hhayi ngaphansi kwe--5 ° C. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Indlela yesibili ifaka ukwethulwa kwikhambi lezengezo ezikhethekile, ukusheshisa inqubo yamakhemikhali yokuqina kosimende. Ngibonga kubo, sekuyisikhathi sokuthola amandla emazingeni okushisa angemuhle (kuze kufike ku-10 ° C). Kodwa imikhawulo, njengasesimweni sikakhonkolo "obandayo", iyatholakala. Ikakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo esinezithasiselo ezingama-mariorrosal kungaholela ekubonakaleni kwama-heighters ohlangothini lwangaphambili. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwengxube enjalo yohlobo oluthile lwezakhiwo zamatshe kufanele luhlanganiswe nenhlangano yephrojekthi.
Ukuphapha ubusika
Uhlelo lweRafter esikhathini sasebusika lungakhiwa kunoma yiziphi izinto zokwakha. Kepha izakhiwo zokhuni zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Kusukela ku-AT -20 ... -25 ° Kood of the Natural umswakama iba buthaka, okunamathiselwe kwe-rafter kufanekisela ubunzima obuthile - umuthi unganika. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwenza umsebenzi wokudala uhlelo lwe-rafter emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Njengophahla, ungasebenzisa noma yiziphi izinto ngaphandle kwamathayili abtuminius.
Lapho ufaka ophahleni lwamathayili kasimende-sand, izinqwaba zezinto ezibonakalayo zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo endizeni yesikebhe, ukuze ngesikhathi sokusebenza kungahambi imikhiqizo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Ukubopha kuqala kusuka ku-cornice tile, ehlelwe ngezikulufo kanye nama-anti-confer mesmers
Amakholomu we-Side (Frontal) amakholomu we-tile nawo angaphansi kokuhlanganiswa okuphoqelekile.
Into ye-aeroe yepulasitiki yepulasitiki, umsebenzi womoya ophahleni ophahleni
Ubusika obukhuphukayo obukhulu
Kunobusika, ihlobo ne-boam yonke emakethe. I-Foam yasebusika ingabangelwa yi-extraitatic, ngoba ivunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-1010 ° C (enanini labakhiqizi kusuka ku-30 ° C) kuya ku -30 ° C. Ebusika, umswakama uphansi, futhi ukwakheka kudinga umswakama. I-Foam yasebusika ihlukile ehlobo okusebenza ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngisho nomswakama onganele. Kuyadingeka ukunaka imininingwane yokuthi izinga lokushisa lebhaluni kufanele libe yiwona yini, ngoba iningi lezingoma ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kufanele lifudumele. Abanye abakhiqizi baqinisekisa ukuthi i-foam yabo ingasetshenziswa ku-20 ° C, kepha ibhaluni kufanele lifudumale. Kulokhu, ngeke ube nesikhathi sokusebenzisa yonke ibhaluni, ngoba izophola ngokushesha. Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi ipeni lasebusika liyimpilo eshalofini kungekudala kunehlobo.Ukwakhiwa kwendlu yokhuni ebusika
Imininingwane yohlaka eyenziwe ngokhuni olomile iyasaba imvula kanye nomswakama ophezulu, hhayi iqhwa. Photo: "usimende kanye"
Lawula i-shrinkage ye-log entsha iyadingeka njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2-3, kufaka phakathi ebusika. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ama-screpsators screw bese ubheka ukuthi akuveli yini ezindongeni zesikhunta, akazange ahole eRafyedled. Isithombe: U-Andrei Shevchenko, inkampani yokwakha "Galant-Stry"
Indlu yelogi eliyindilinga yenziwa ezimeni zefektri (a), kungenzeka ukwakha ibhokisi elisesandleni njengoba ehlobo nasebusika. Photo: Vadim KovalEV / Burda Media
Lapho uhlanganisa i-log yelogi noma ibha, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akusona esimanzi sophawu olungenelele. Photo: "NB"
Ibha, evulwe ehlobo esitaki, iqukethe umswakama omncane futhi ayinawo ebusika, okuvumela ukuthi usike ngosayizi bese ukhetha ama-grooves nezitsha ezakhiweni. Photo: DOMBRUS
Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlaka zodonga ezivela kumagilavu ezikhathi ezithile noma zokushisa zokushisa akunawo. Imisebenzi ayiqhutshwa emvuleni naseqhweni ukuvikela ukumashwa kwengxenye yokungenelela i-oxide kanye nokufakelwa. Ebusika, usuku olufushane olukhanyayo ludinga idivaysi esakhiweni sokukhanyisa okwenziwe. Ezesindayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sasehlobo, izimo zokusebenza zandisa isikhathi somsebenzi, futhi isimo sasemgwaqweni esinzima kwesinye isikhathi sivimbela izinto zokwakha ngesikhathi esinqunyelwe. Ngokuvamile, ukwakhiwa kobusika kuyabiza kakhulu kunehlobo, kepha ukwehla kwamanani ezinto eziyisisekelo ezinxephezelwa ngokwengxenye yalo mehluko. Vele, ungazabela imisebenzi enjalo kuphela yinkampani enolwazi olufanele olusebenzayo.
Konstantin maslov
Unjiniyela Wokugadwa Kwezobuchwepheshe GK "Izba de Luck"
Isakhiwo sohlaka noma indlu evela kumaphaneli we-SIP izokwakhiwa kwisakhiwo sezinyanga ezi-2-3 kuphela, futhi umjikelezo wokwakha omkhulu ungahlelwa ngesikhathi sokubanda. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Ukwakhiwa kwendlu yamathambo ebusika akubangeli ubunzima. Sincoma ukusebenzisa isisekelo kusuka ku-screw screw nethimba laseRussia, ngedivaysi lapho kungadingeki khona umsebenzi omkhulu wamazwe futhi asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa imishini esindayo. Lapho izindonga nophahla kufakwa kubuchwepheshe baseCanada baseCanada, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi yonke insurensi "ye-sandwich", kanye nokuqina okuyisisekelo, iqhwa eliphakeme, iqhwa elimanzi, iqhwa lingaba azenziwa). I-facade ukuqeda nge-lining nanoma yimaphi amaphaneli avunyelwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Udaka kuphela, ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi yokupenda nokupenda akufakiwe.
USergey Saten.
Unjiniyela weSun-Stry