Ukukhetha i-porcelain Stonework ye-Porcelain Stonering engaphakathi noma yangaphandle, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokuya ngezimpawu zayo zobuchwepheshe, lokhu okuqukethwe kwehlukile kunethayili elaziwayo le-ceramic. Ngakho-ke, ngokubeka kwayo, kuhlanganiswa okukhethekile okunama-adhesive, ukuba namandla aphezulu ngesisekelo.
Ukukhetha i-porcelain Stonework ye-Porcelain Stonering engaphakathi noma yangaphandle, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokuya ngezimpawu zayo zobuchwepheshe, lokhu okuqukethwe kwehlukile kunethayili elaziwayo le-ceramic. Ngakho-ke, ngokubeka kwayo, kuhlanganiswa okukhethekile okunama-adhesive, ukuba namandla aphezulu ngesisekelo.
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Cindezela nokudubula
I-Porcelain Shoneware, kanye nama-Ceramic tile, akhiqizwa enhlanganisweni yobumba obuchotshoziwe lwezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinye izinto zamaminerali, kepha izindlela zokupheka zihlukile ngandlela thile. Ekwenziweni kwamatshe e-porcelain, ingxube esomile ibekwe esimweni futhi icindezelwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu (50 MPA). Njengokulindelekile, ngemuva kokucutshungulwa okunjalo, azikho ama-microcracks, ama-pores kanye neze, okuyize, okukhona kakhulu emzimbeni "womzimba" wama-cell celic. Ukulungiswa kwe-porcelain bese kushiswa emazingeni okushisa angu-1200-1300 s, futhi zonke izingxenye zitholwa, ziphenduka cishe i-monolith. Umphumela uba impahla eqinile eqinile eqinile etholwa ngamanzi, eduze kwe-zero (0.05-0.5%), ingaphansi kwetshe lemvelo. Ama-tile ancishisiwe Le nkomba ingu-3-20%.
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Amatshe e-porcelain abuyiselwe abhalwe amalebula esebenzisa isitayela esingenamthungo kuphela ngaphakathi endlini. Akukho amaconsi okushisa aphambili angadala ukucindezelwa okuqinile emklamweni wephansi ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwamasayizi wejometri kusuka kumathayili ajabulisayo, ikakhulukazi ifomethi (a).
I-SOHO Porcelain Stoneware (Porndare) amathayili abuyiselwe wangempela wokulinganisa ama-44x44cm (Intengo 1M2- 2100rub.), Yakhelwe isitayela esingenamthungo emakamelweni anoma yiziphi izinhlobo (B, B). Izinto zangemuva kweqoqo zihambisana nezinto zokuhlobisa: imingcele ehlukile engu-44x11cm, i-Cubbs Rubles) kanye nama-curbs ane-rubles geometric (intengo ama-ruble ayi-1200. - Intengo 1 PC. - 3540 Cm) no-44x8 cm.
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Ngenxa yokutholwa kwamanzi okuphansi, i-porcelain imelana kakhulu, noma imelana namaconsi okushisa. Akulona ngengozi ukuthi elinjalo libheke ngokuzikhandla hhayi kuphela kuma-Intentiors kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemathafini avulekile, ama-balconies, ngaphansi kanye nezimo sezulu ezingemuva kwendlu. Lokhu akunakushiwo ngama-cellamic tile: iningi lamaqoqo alo senzelwe ingaphakathi, futhi izinhlobonhlobo ngazinye kuphela ezingabekwa emgwaqweni.
Umbono we-Specialist
Lapho ukhala amabala, ama-balconies, phansi okufudumele, ama-chimneys, izingodo zemililo neminye indawo ebhekene nezinga lokushisa, sincoma ukusebenzisa ukuxubeka okunamathelayo, okufana ne- "Knauf-Flex". Ngokungeziwe kumandla aphezulu anama-adhesion ngesisekelo, anendawo yokubamba i-tile ekuwohlokeni kwawo okuqondile okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushisa kwezikhathi nokupholisa. Izingoma ze-NeASstic ezinamathela kancane zizoqhekeka kancane kancane, futhi zingezelele - Gcwalisa umswakama, unciphise ukunamathela kwe-tile coating, ngakho-ke kuzohlala isikhathi eside. I-Alastic iyakwazi ukuguqula ingxenye ye-geometry yayo bese ibuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala, ngenkathi igcina izakhiwo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuqina kwe-porcelay yama-porcelaware ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi ukungamukeli amanzi). Kusho ukuthi ukubhekana ngaphandle kwezinkinga kuzokukhuthazelela izinga lokushisa kushintsha futhi kuphakamise imithwalo enamandla ashukumisayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekamelo.I-irina trifonova,
Umphathi Womkhiqizo Wokuhlanganiswa Kosimende we-Knauf
I-Porcelain Shoneware imelana kakhulu nemithwalo enobunzima, okusho ukuthi lokho kuvikelwa okuphezulu. Ngendlela, akuhloliwe ebunzimeni obungelona ubuciko, kepha njengetshe lemvelo, ngokusho kwesilinganiso se-minerogical of the moos (ubulukhuni bunqunywa yimibuzo eyishumi ejwayelekile, impahla yokuhlola iyaklwethisa). Ubulukhuni be-cerambaulian bungamayunithi angama-5-8. Kuya ngohlobo lomhlaba. Ngalesi sisekelo, okuqukethwe kuhlukaniswe ngokungajabulisi futhi kukhanyiselwe. Okusebenzayo kakhulu futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside (amayunithi ayi-8) yi-terhoneware evulelwe i-porcelay enesakhiwo esifanayo kulo lonke ubukhulu. Amathayili anjalo amelana nalesi sigameko esikhulu - isihlabathi (siqukethe amadlelo ama-quarten, ubulukhuni balo esikalini se-MOOS ngamayunithi ayi-7) nalapho ukugqoka kungashintshi ukubukeka. Ubulukhuni obuncane bune-terhoneware ebunjiwe futhi ecwebezelayo. Owokuqala ngemuva kokudubula uphikiswa, uthola ubukhazikhazi bamazinga ahlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokuvutha okwesibili, ungqimba lwe-glaze lusetshenziswa ebusweni bayo.
Ukuhambisana ngokuphelele nezincomo zomenzi zokufakwa okunama-adhesive ukuxutshwa kwe-porcelain Shoneware, ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi kanye nendlela yokubeka, uzothola ukugcwala okuhlala isikhathi eside.
I-Porcelain Shoneware imelana kakhulu nemiphumela yamakhemikhali - izixazululo ze-organic, ama-acid aqinile kanye ne-alkalis. Ngakho-ke, ilungele izindlu zangasese, amakhishi namagaraji. Ama-terhoneware asobala kakhulu e-porcelain terhoneware ukugcwala kwawo okuhlobene esimweni esivulekile. Kepha lokhu kusilela ngeke kubangeli izinkinga uma uphatha ngokucophelela lokho okuqukethwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokubekwa.
Umugqa onobukhulu bamathayili e-porcelain ububanzi kakhulu: Kuqala nge-mosaic engajulile (2cm) futhi iphetha ngezinto ezinkulu zefomethi (180. 120cm). Ubukhulu bamathayili bungu-4-30 mm. Ama-poppers - abantu abazimele basebenzisa isidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke ngobukhulu obungu-4-14mm: lokhu kwanele ukubekezelela imithwalo yasendlini ezakhiweni zokuhlala. I-terhonare ye-terworeware encanyana evame ukusetshenziselwa izindonga ezihlangene, futhi isikhulu (kusuka ku-8mm nokuningi) - phansi. Ubusika buvame ukusebenzisa i-porcelain (i.e.) Imiphetho yayo inqunywe ngethuluzi ledayimane, elinikeza ukulinganisa okunembile. Lapho ebeka izakhi ezinjalo, umthungo phakathi kwazo akazibonakali, ngakho-ke umbono wokuthola indawo enobungozi.
Umbono we-Specialist
Ukuthola ukucwaswa okusezingeni eliphakeme futhi eliqinile futhi eliqinile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubekezelela ubukhulu bengqimba enamathela okunconywe ngumenzi. Izici ze-tweechnic ze-glue ngayinye kukhona itafula ngale mininingwane. Ubukhulu obufanele bokuhlanganiswa kwanamuhla, njengomthetho, awedluli 5mm. Uma ufaka ungqimba lwe-glue omkhulu, luzonikeza i-shrinkage, ama-voids akhiwa ngaphansi kwethayela, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuzovela iziphambeko ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, kusuka kumathayili eDelta kuzokwenziwa kabusha maqondana nendiza ephelele yephansi. Imikhawulo yezono zomoya ingaqhekeka ngaphansi kokuchayeka kumthwalo wephuzu. Ecaleni lapho kuzoba nokwahlukana kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamathayili kusuka kungqimba elinamathela noma amathayili kanye ne-glue - kusuka esisekelweni. Ngeke kube nezinkinga ezinjalo uma kusebenza i-glue nge-spatula egcwele. Ngenxa yezinyo lamazinyo asayizi afanayo, ukwakheka kusatshalaliswa ebusweni ngokulinganayo, futhi ama-grooves anobukhulu obufunayo (izikhathi ezi-2 ngaphansi kokuphakama kwamazinyo).
UValery Gemadiev, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe weLitokol.
Ngakho-ke, sabala izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-porcelain Shoneware, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthandwa kwawo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokuqinile. Kungashiwo ukuthi lokhu okuqukethwe okunezici zezobuchwepheshe ezivelele, ezingenayo imikhawulo kwisicelo. Uma ifakwe ezimweni ezifanayo nethayili elijwayelekile le-ceramic, kuzohlala izikhathi ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ubeke i-terhoneware ye-porcelain, udinga ukwazi ezinye zezici zayo.
Logic elula
Wonke umehluko ekufakweni kwama-Porcelain Shoneware nama-Ceramic Tiles achazwa ngezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, amathayili e-ceramic anokufakwa kwamanzi okuningana (kuze kube ngu-20%) avame ukubekwa kukhambi lesihlabathi se-centry. Ingena kancane kancane ama-pores omhlane wethayili, futhi okubhekene nakho kugcinwa ngenxa ye-clutch emishini. By the way, amakhosi amadala asalondoloze umkhuba wokumpompela amathayili ngaphambi kokubeka. Iqiniso ngukuthi impahla enobuningi bama-pores avulekile abadonsa ngenkuthalo umswakama, futhi ngenxa yalokhu noma inani elingeziwe lamanzi landisa "isikhathi esivulekile" sengxube lapho isikhundla samathayili singalungiswa khona. Lapho ubeka i-tile "eyomile" kusisombululo esilula, akusekho imizuzu eyi-10, futhi nge- "male" - isikhathi sokuphumula siba izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezi-2.
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I-glue ye-porcelain Shoneware isatshalaliswa ngaphezulu kobuso nge-spatula enezinwele. Amazinyo kufanele abe nesimo sesikwele, futhi usayizi wazo ungqongqozwa ngokuya ngefomethi yethayili: kuze kufike ku-10 cm - 4mm, kuze kufike ku-15 cm - 6mm it.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.p.
Lapho usebenza ngezifiso zesimanjemanje ezinamathani, ukuxhaswa okunjalo akufanelekile, njengoba kubakhiqizi kunconyelwa ukuzalanisa ingxube elomile endaweni echazwe ngokuphelele. Umswakama owengeziwe ovela kumathayili we- "Wet" uzokwephula lesi silinganiso, esizoholela ekwehleni kwamandla okunamathela ngesisekelo ngaphansi kwezinga elidingekayo nelinele - 0.3 MPA, futhi lizokhulisa nesikhathi sokusoma sokwakheka.
Umbono we-Specialist
Ngokuthenga ingxube yokunamathela ngokubeka i-porcelain terhore phansi, unake umenzi ochazwe ngumenzi amandla ama-clutch amandla anikezela ukwakheka okuthile. Ithayela elinzima, kufanele kube ngaphezulu kwenani lokunamathela kufanele kube. Isibonelo, i-Porcelain Shoneware enesisindo esingu-450 g / 100cm, sincoma ukukhetha "Starplips T-11" Adhesive (Amandla wokunamathela ngesisekelo se-0.6 g / 100 cm- "ama-mastplix t-12" (0.7 MPA), kuya ku-800 g / 100 cm - "Gerppiles T-14" (1 MPA). Ngethayela elikhudlwana, izinamathiseli ezinamandla aphezulu nezimpawu zokunamathela kufanele futhi zithengwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lapho nje umuntu eza emaphethelweni e-tile, lapho kukhona ungqimba lwe-glue ongekho ingxenye, kwakhiwa ngokushesha "ihlombe", elisebenzela igebe. Yikuphi icebo elingavikeki ngokwengeziwe, amandla aphawule kakhulu afuna ukuklebhula i-tile kusuka esisekelweni.
Vladimir konke ukujuluka,
Unjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe TD Strymontazh MS
Ine-Shoneware emile kakhulu, engeyona eyangeyona futhi engamukeli i-Shoneware. (Ngendlela efanayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi othile afike ekhanda ukugaya amathayili engilazi futhi abeke engxube yesimende-sandy.) Kepha isikhalazo esinjalo nge-porcelain terhoneware, alos, akunakwenzeka ukuqiniseka ukuqina kokubhekana ngale ndlela. I-KKleev mixture ye-Porcelain Shoneware yethulwe izidingo ezingathi sína ukwedlula ukufaka ama-cellamic tile. Lezi kumele zibe yizingoma zohlobo lokuxhumana, ukudala ifilimu lokunamathela, elisebenzisana kanyekanye neqhaza lokunamathela kanye nokwehla kwezimo ngesikhathi semithwalo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi amandla wokunamathela ngesisekelo salezo zinhlelo ezinama-adhesive angelona okungenani i-0.5 MPA ngokubeka kwangaphakathi futhi okungenani i-1 MPA - yangaphandle. Lapho kukhulu isisindo nefomethi yamathayili, ukukhuphuka okuphezulu kufanele kube ne-glue. Amacala ayinkimbinkimbi anjalo (lapho ubeka i-porcelain terhoreware enkulu, yangaphandle ebheke noma ukufakwa kwamathayili ezisekelo ezihlaselayo) Abakhiqizi bancoma ukusebenzisa anamatheliso lapho amandla e-clutch akhona ngo-1-1,5 MPA. Abakhiqizi bathola izinkomba ezinjalo ngokwazisa ama-polymers akhethekile ezinamatheliso, andisa izindleko zawo. Emakethe yasekhaya ungathola ukuxubana okuningi okunamathelayo kokubeka i-porcelain Shoneware. Bakhishwa yinkampani "ekhazimulayo - ukukhiqizwa", "Knauf" imikhiqizo yokwakha Rus "(uphawu lwentengiso weber)," TD Streymontazh MS "(Brand" Best "), i-Ivsil, iLitolol, i-UNIS (BONKE - I-Russia), Index, iMapei (Kokubili - Italy), Helkel (TradeMark Ceresit, Germany).
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Kepha. I-Glue Mixes: Amathayili wamanzi angamukeleki kahle - I-Fliesen Plus (25KG - I-250 rubis.), Elastic - Flex (25KG - 530 rub.)
b. Izingxube: ngamapuleti amakhulu okufometha - "Mast Plux T-12" (25kg - ama-ruble angama-275), for rubs esindayo - "Gerppiles T-14" (25kg - ama-ruble angama-280)
ku. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Glue: ILitof Loor K66 (25kg - 450rub.), Litof Lex K81 (25KG - 569 REBOR.), ILitof - 160 rub.)
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glue: Weber.vetonit Ukulungiswa okulula (25kg - 290 rub.), Weber.vetonit prof i plus (25kg - 350 rub.)
Kudingekile futhi kwanele
Isikhathi sokuphila kwama-porcelain axhomekeki ngengxube esembulwe kuphela, kodwa futhi futhi futhi futhi futhi selulungiselelwe kanjani isisekelo senziwe kahle. Kuyadingeka ukuvumelanisa, yize ama-brigade angewona ama-professional ajwayele ukungakunaki futhi azame ukunciphisa umehluko omncane wokuphakama nge-glue. Kodwa-ke, kuvusa isisekelo ngezingoma zesimanje zokunamathela - ukungakhubazeka, ngoba ziningi kakhulu kunezindlela ezijwayelekile zokulinganisa izindlela.
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Lapho ubeka i-terhoreware ye-porcelain emgwaqweni phakathi kwamathayili, kuyadingeka ukushiya igebe elingu-3-7mm ukuze linxephezele ukulimala kwamazinga okushisa.
Isisekelo kufanele sihambisane nezidingo ze-SNIP 3.04.01-87 futhi zinomthamo owanele. Ingaphezulu ngaphansi kwe-lining kufanele libe bushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokubekezelela okungu-2mm ngobude bojantshi abangamamitha amabili asetshenziswa kule ndiza. Indawo eqondanisiwe kufanele isuswe ngoba uthuli luvimbela ukunamathela kwe-glue, njengofulawa, okuyi-hosteres efafaza itafula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlama ayinamatheli kuyo lapho ixuba. Ekugcineni, isisekelo kufanele sikhishwe umswakama, sidingekile ekunamatheleni okujwayelekile, awuzange ushiye ngokushesha.
Ukubeka i-terhoneware ye-porcelain eyinkimbinkimbi (ekhubazekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza) isisekelo se-operation) - i-plasterboard, ukhuni, ujule, ukhuni kanye nosimende-chipboard IT.D. - Adhesives Enching-Content Oneastic Adhesives, Ukunamandla Okuphezulu Okunama-Adhesion Ngaphezulu (okungenani i-1 MPA), ngokwesibonelo, i-Weber.vetonit.absolut ("I-Caresit yokwakha iRus"), bheka i-17 Ceresit (Helkel), "Best Maximplips I-T-16 "(" TD Strymontazh MS "), noma izingoma ezimbili zezakhi ku-epoxy noma polyurethane esekelwe. Lapho uxhuma izinto (ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa), zifaka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Yemiphumela yalo mphumela, ungqimba lwayo oluqediwe luthola izakhiwo ezikhethekile: Ake sithi, siphakeme kakhulu kunasesimweni esijwayelekile sokuthambekela kosimende, ukugcwala, amandla e-plastics, kufaka phakathi ukhonkolo, i-zensimbi, ukhonkolo. Kungashiwo ukuthi lezi zingoma zendawo yonke. Ukubuya kwabo kuphela kuyintengo ephezulu.
Umbono we-Specialist
I-Porcelain Shoneware inokumelana okuphezulu kwe-abrasion. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa ezitebhisini, amathala kanye nezindawo. Lapho likhulisa kakhulu indawo ebheke endaweni ebheke phansi, okunamandla kufanele kube ukunamathela kwe-glue ye-tile ngesisekelo ne-porcelain Shoneware. Ukwenza isibonelo, amaflokhi aphansi kuvulandi avulekile, ifulethi kungukunamathela ngokwanele, okuhlinzeka ngeglue we-glue weber.vetonit ukulungisa okulula - 0.6 MPA. Lapho ubhekene nezitebhisi zangaphandle, amapulatifomu kanye namathafa, kudingeka ukulungiswa okunamandla kudingeka usebenzisa i-Weber.vetonit prof i plue glue - okungenani i-1 MPA. Lapho ukhetha i-glue ye-tile engaphandle ebheke kuma-facade, izitebhisi, i-patio ngaphezu kokuqina okukhulu, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukumelana nesithwathwa kwe-tile yokwakheka. Adhesives adhesives Weber.vetonit ungowama-F75 brand ku-f75 brand ku-frost ukumelana futhi asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezimweni zokubandakanyeka okuphindaphindiwe.U-Evgenia Ivlya, Umphathi Womkhiqizo
"Imikhiqizo yokwakha ye-Saint-Gaben Rus"
Ukuxhumana okugcwele
Emiyalweni yabakhiqizi abahamba phambili abathengisayo abanama-adhesives, kubhaliwe: "Ngokukhetha okulungile kokungaguquki kwengxube yodaka kanye nosayizi we-spatula ye-spatula, ngemuva kokuthi i-tile yacindezelwa ngaku-65 % we-glued ebusweni odongeni kanye nama-80% - ezitezi. " Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi akufanele kusetshenziswe hhayi kuwo wonke umhlaba, kepha kuphela ezigabeni ezithile. Ukubekwa kwe-porcelain endlini odongeni odongeni, i-glue isetshenziswa esisekelweni nge-spatula efakwe emanzini. Ulala ngama-grooves abushelelezi. Ngemuva kwalokho ungqimba lokunamathela ubeka i-tile bese uyicindezela esisekelweni. Emva kwalokho, ama-grooves athambile, futhi glue kuthatha ama-65-70% wendawo. Lapho ubeka i-porcelain shortware phansi (lapha ukubukeka kobuze ngaphansi kwe-lining kuyingozi ikakhulukazi, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi izinyawo zekhabethe zizoba kuphi, noma, ngokwesibonelo, nakumsebenzi wangaphandle , Ochwepheshe batusa indlela ehlangene, noma indlela yokuhamba kabili. I-glue isetshenziswa esisekelweni, nasehlangothini lwangemuva lwe-porcelain tile bushelelezi noma i-spatula enezinwele. Esimweni sokugcina, i-tile isetshenziswa esisekelweni, ukuyiguqula ibe ngu-90 ukuze ama-grooves anamathela anamathele asungule "igridi".
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Ukufakwa kwe-terwomaware ye-porcelain kuqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo: ingxube enamathela (a) isetshenziswa kwisisekelo esihambisanayo; Lapho-ke i-tile isetshenziswa kuyo, ohlangothini lwangemuva kwalo lumbozwe nge-glue (b); Imishini ebushelelezi phakathi kwamathayili atholakala kusetshenziswa iziphambano zepulasitiki (b); Uma kunesidingo, izinto zisikwa (g); Amathayela aphansi kakhulu angena ngaphansi kweleveli yokwakha (d); Ngemuva kokumisa i-glue, ama-saims (e) asuswa.
Ukugcwaliseka kwalezi zincomo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba emgwaqweni, ukucwaswa kwe-ceramic kufakwa ngaphansi kwemithelela ebhubhisayo yomswakama, amaconsi okushisa, umphumela wokunwetshwa kwe-thermal kwesisekelo kanye nalowo obhekene nawo. Ukukhubazeka okungenzeka nokucindezelwa phakathi kwamathayili nesisekelo kumele kuthulwe ngongqimba lwe-glue eneziqubu.
Ukuphazamiseka, siyaphawula ukuthi ukubhekana nomsebenzi okufanelekile ukukwenza ekushiseni komoya kwe-10-30 s kanye nomswakama ohlobene no-80%. Lezi zimo zikhululekile ekuvukeleni izingoma zokunamathela, kanye ne-wizard, amathayili abeka.
Abahleli bayabonga inkampani "ubumba", i-Estima, i-Knauf, imikhiqizo yokwakha ye-Saint-Gaben Rus ", iLitokol, kanye noMnyango Wezokuthenga weNxusa laseSpain eMoscow ukuthola usizo.