IMIBUZO YOMSEBENZO WE-HOMED ENDLELA: IZINDLELA NEMITHETHO, Ubungozi Bomshuwalense kanye Nezimali Zentela, Imibandela Yezivumelwano Zokuphetha, Inkokhelo Yokubuyiselwa.
Ngomqondo othile ukucekela phansi kube nzima ukwedlula abampofu. Lapho unendlu, indlu, imoto nezinto ezibizayo, usuvele unakho okuthile ongakulahli. Umcibisholo wenhlala-kahle yakho awunikeli ukuphumula kwezinto zobugebengu. Ungaba kanjani? Cabanga ukukhokhela ukuphepha kwempahla efakazelwe: ukubeka i-alamu, ukuphepha futhi, ukuqinisekisa okuthile kunokuba ungumnikazi wakho.
Photo of V.NEDEDOVV kule minyaka emibili edlule, izinto ezimbalwa ezinikezwe umshuwalense zishicilelwe ejezisweni yethu. Kwakungaba ngumshuwalense wamakamelo nezindlu, umshuwalense wempahla, umshuwalense wemfanelo olungiselelwe kanye nokusebenza kwezindlu. Namuhla siphakamisa ukukhuluma ngokunyakaza kwempahla. Yiziphi izinto ezingenakuba yizinhloso zomshuwalense? Yini enengqondo ukuqinisekisa? Kungenzeka yini ukuqinisekisa impahla eshukumisayo ngokwahlukana? Yisiphi isikhathi sokuthenga umshwalense? Kubiza malini futhi intengo yalo incike kuphi? Ngabe imali ebuyiselwa emsebenzini wakho izokhokhelwa? Ake sizame ukuphendula le mibuzo.
Yini engakwazi ukushuwa komshuwalense?
Uma ucabanga ngawo, emafulethini ethu nasezindlini kunezinto eziningi eziningi noma ezingaphansi ezibalulekile ebengingafuni ukuzihlukanisa ngazo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zazo azikwazi ukubhekwa njengezindawo zomshuwalense. :Imibhalo yesandla, amacebo, amacebo, imidwebo neminye imibhalo;
imininingwane kwimidiya yanoma yiziphi izinhlobo;
ukheshi (ngesiRussia noma ngemali yakwamanye amazwe);
Ukuphepha (ukukhuphula, izikweletu, njll.);
izinsimbi eziyigugu kuma-nugget, amadayimane angenazimele;
Izitshalo zasendlini, izithombo kanye nembewu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlinzeki abaningi abayenzi ngemfihlo izingcingo zeselula zomshuwalense. Ayikho inkampani ezovikela impahla ekwakhiweni kwezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuhlala lapho noma ukusetshenziswa kwayo okwenqatshelwe yiziphathimandla zoMbuso / zikaMasipala. Ama-inthanethi ane-ansecute ayenqaba ukubhekana nezinto ezigcinwe ezakhiweni ezihlaselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto nezinto zivame ukuqinisekiswa ukumbozwa komshuwalense kuphela esizeni somshuwalense, okungukuthi, ngaphakathi kwendlu ethile noma efulethini lapho umnikazi wawo ehlala khona.
Kodwa-ke, okuhlukile okungavamile kungenzeka kusuka emithethweni. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, iqembu le-alfactory lizoba nesibopho semali onayo ekhaya uma uthola inqubomgomo yomshuwalense we-Alpha City Futhi "rosgosstrakh" Kwezinye izimo uzokwazi ukuhlinzeka ngempahla oyithatha nawe, isuka eholidini noma uhambo lwebhizinisi.
Izinto zomshuwalense kanye nomshuwalense
Yonke impahla kufanele ingeyodwa yomshuwalense noma amalungu omndeni wakhe. Iwamu kuzofanela ukufakazela ukuthi ungumnikazi wabo. Kulokhu udinga ukwethula amadokhumenti afanele, anjengesheke ezitolo,
Impahla yasekhaya, ukusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa, okusetshenziselwa ukufeza izidingo zasendlini namasiko ayamukelwa: Ifenisha, izinsimbi zomndeni, izigqoko, izitsha, izigqoko zokudla, ama-eves, izimpumputhe, amakhaphethi , izincwadi, amabhayisekili, izimoto zezingane, amathoyizi it.d. Imikhiqizo ehlukene yomkhiqizo evela ezinhlamvwini eziyigugu namadayimane, amaqoqo, imidwebo, ama-antique kanye nezinye izinto ezinenani eliphelele lamasiko noma elibizayo uqobo lwakho. Ngokuyinhloko, ungaqinisekisa futhi izibhamu zokuzingela (phambi kwemvume yesitoreji sayo futhi ugqoke), izingxenye zezimoto, izinto zokwakha, imishini yezomnotho kanye nemishini yokufaka amapayipi, amaphampu, amaphampu, amaphampu alowoti it.p. , amatshe ethuna (izikhumbuzo, uthango, ama-canopies) nokunye okuningi.
Yimuphi impahla abantu abakelayo kaningi? Iningi labashushizo obuhlolwe ngabe nathi bavumile ukuthi imishini ebizayo yomsindo neyevidiyo, imikhiqizo yefenisha nemikhiqizo yoboya.
Ekhuluma ngokukhethwa kwezinto zomshuwalense, bonke ochwepheshe babonisa ukubaluleka kwencazelo efanele yenani labo futhi, ngokufanele, imali yomshuwalense. "Uma kubhekwe ngokweqile, iklayenti lizophoqeleka ukuthi likhokhe iprimiyamu ephezulu kakhulu (umnikelo), kepha isinxephezelo sizokwamukela kuphela inani elingeqi inani langempela lesakhiwo, - lichaza iMaryan Protasova, IPhini leNhloko Yocwaningo Umnyango Womshuwalense Ovela Emlilweni kanye Nezingozi Ezihambisana Nami Bomshuwalense Wenkampani "I-Capital Insurance" .- Uma inani lomshuwalense likhishwe ngaphansi, iklayenti lizothola izinkokhelo zomshuwalense ngenani lomshuwalense elishiwo kwinkontileka yomshuwalense, ukuze Inani langempela lempahla yomshuwalense elasungulwa ukucatshangelwa ukugqokwa kwezinto. Isibonelo, uma iklayenti livikele impahla ekhohlisayo ngama- $ 30 ajwayelekile, futhi lizothola imbuyiselo yama- $ 60, izothola imbuyiselo eyizinkulungwane ezingama-25 . (50% wama- $ 60 Izinkulungwane ezinaka) ".
Umcabango wozakwemizi uqhubeka uLyudmila Shukalovich, inhloko yoMnyango Wezentuthuko wenkampani yomshuwalense "Mnuss": "Izingcingo zokukhohlwa ukuthi uma inxephezelo inxephezelo lomshuwalense libalwa ukugqoka impahla nemali yentengo yokuthenga yendaba efanayo ngosuku lwesitifiketi somshuwalense. Ikakhulu kusho ukuthi kusebenza kumakhompyutha wakho ancipha ngokushesha. "
Ngokuvamile, inani lomshuwalense lisungulwa yisivumelwano samaqembu (umshuwalense kanye nomshuwalense) futhi alikwazi ukwedlula inani langempela lomshuwalense (noma izinto) zomshuwalense. Okusanda kunqunywa ngesikhathi sokuphela kwenkontileka yomshuwalense, "ngesisekelo senani elidingekayo ekutholeni isihloko, okufana ngokuphelele nomshuwalense, ngokwesibonelo, Imithetho yomshuwalense wenkampani "imvume". Kuyacaca ukuthi ngesikhathi sokulandisa kwesivumelwano somshuwalense, inani lesakhiwo lingancipha noma likhuphuke. Amasheke azokwenziwa acatshangelwe ukuguqulwa kwentengo.
Bonke abahlinzeki bemishuwalense bakha amasu abo ekunqumeni ukugqokwa komzimba kwempahla. Nazi ezinye izibonelo ezivela emithethweni yomshuwalense we-RosgosSTRAKH. I-Room Ricid Ifenisha (amakhabethe, amatafula, imile.p.), eyenziwe ngokhuni olubalulekile, onyakeni wokusebenza ugqoke ama-2%, futhi enziwe nge-chipboard noma nge-3% . Ama-TV ajwayelekile kanye nezinhlelo ze-acoustic "agugile" ngonyaka ngo-6%, futhi, ngokwesibonelo, amakhompyutha, ikhishi lihlanganisa, amajazi, amajazi kanye namajazi wesikhumba - 10%. Izingubo zabesifazane, ama-blouse kanye neziketi, kanye namahembe labesilisa nama-t-shirts aguga izinyanga eziyi-12 ngama-20%, izingane zangaphandle zezingane- ngo-30%.
Ake sithi uma uthatha isinqumo sokuqinisekisa ijazi loboya othengwe ngonyaka owedlule, inani layo lemakethe lizonqunywa nanamuhla, hhayi ngesikhathi sokutholwa (iminyaka emibili ngalesi sifundo sear ingavuka ngentengo ngamaphesenti angama-30), kucatshangelwa Ukugqoka - cishe 7% ngonyaka. Kuvela ukuthi uthenge ke ngama- $ 2 izinkulungwane. Ijazi loboya manje lingalinganiselwa ku- $ 35. Minus 27 = 14%, okungukuthi, cishe ku- $ 2600.
Lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezintweni ezijwayelekile zansuku zonke ezisetshenziswa umshuwalense nezasendlini zalo. Imibandela yomshuwalense wezindawo zakudala, ezibaziweyo, imidwebo neminye imisebenzi yobuciko imvamisa umuntu ngamunye. Ochwepheshe bezochwepheshe bayabandakanyeka ekutholeni inani langempela lale ndawo ethile, kufaka phakathi ama-appraisers azimele. Iqiniso ngukuthi manje imakethe igcwele ama-fakes asezingeni eliphakeme, futhi ukuhlukanisa kusuka kuma-odabuli abambalwa kuphela.
Lapho uthenga umshwalense, kubalulekile ukunquma kahle inani lomshuwalense. Kusungulwe ngesivumelwano samaqembu futhi akunakudlula inani langempela lesakhiwo endaweni yalo ngosuku lwenkontileka yophenyo. Ukubala inani elidingekayo ukuthenga isihloko esifanayo ngokuphelele, ukwehla okuncane.
Bendawonye noma ngokwehlukana?
Izithombe ze-V.NEEDEDOV Property Proper zingavikelwa umshuwalense ngokwahlukana, ngokwazo, futhi kanye nomhlobiso nemishini. Uma kukhulunywa ngezindlu zezwe, amaDachas nakwezinye izakhiwo, kwakhiwa futhi njengento yomshuwalense, okungukuthi, ukuthwala izakhiwo zezakhiwo. Lapha kuyadingeka ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhulu inani lezinto ozikhethayo (ngokwesibonelo, ezakha ++ ziqeda + impahla eshukumisayo), engeza isilinganiso somshuwalense ngamunye wabo.
"Umuntu angaqinisekisa kuphela lokho abona kudingekile, okungenani ijazi elilodwa loboya embeni," kusho uLyudmila shukovich ovela kuMnu. Omunye umbuzo ufanelekile. "Imvamisa, impahla eshukumisayo iqinisekisa ngokwehlukana kwabantu abathatha amafulethi futhi bathola imishini yasendlini, imishini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifenisha, iSekela leNhloko yoMnyango Wezomshuwalense". - Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amakhasimende awesabi lokho Ifulethi labo noma indlu izohlushwa ngumlilo noma echibini, kepha besaba ukweba ubucwebe, ama-antiquet it.p. Bese kushukumisa izinto zomuntu ngamunye ezingozini ezithile. "
"Abaningi bezinqubomgomo bakhetha ukuthola umnakekeli womshuwalense ohlanganisiwe, ukuqeda kwalo kanye nempahla yasekhaya, inhloko yoMnyango Wezemithino we-DOSGOSPSTRAKH, ubuntu boMnyango weRosgossTrakh." Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi impahla ayinakuvikelwa umshuwalense. Ngokwehlukana., Hhayi ngephakethe eliphelele kuphela, kodwa futhi nangengozi ethile, kusho umlilo noma ukweba. Konke kuzoncika ezifisweni zeklayenti kanye nemibandela yomshuwalense. " Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kukaMaryanov Protasovoy kusuka enkampanini "Insurance Insurance", izinhlelo ezibanzi zivumela umnikazi wepropathi ukuthi akhethe phakathi kwamathuba ambalwa: ukuqinisekisa izinto ezihlelekile ngomhlobiso ongaphakathi nendawo noma engcupheni yokungezelela ukulimala komakhelwane). Izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe, izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe kufanele zibhekwe kakhulu kumakhasimende.
Ngokuyinhloko, ungaqinisekisa noma yini, okungenani ijazi elilodwa loboya egumbini. Esinye isimo sikhokhelwa ngalokhu. Izinhlelo ezibanzi kangaka zokuqinisekisa izakhi zendlu ngasikhathi sinye, impahla yayo yokuqeda nokuhamba ngaphakathi yinzuzo enkulu kakhulu.
Onyaka noma uNastyar?
Imvamisa inkontileka yomshuwalense wempahla ngunyaka. Kumayelana nezindleko zenqubomgomo ku-12MEs ngokwesiko futhi ukhulume. Kepha ngeke ivinjelwe yifulethi elishiywe lingagadiwe uma ushiya wonke amaNasheyz? Ngabe ikotishi, lishiywe yizakhamizi ebusika? Umshuwalense waminyaka yonke uyabiza, kepha izinto ezesabekayo ...Kuzo zonke izinkampani ungaqinisekisa impahla isikhathi esifinyelela kunyaka. Kepha isikhathi esincane, le nqubomgomo ibiza kakhulu. Lokho wukuthi, amanani entela awahambelani ngqo nesikhathi somshuwalense. Isiphetho sesivumelwano somshuwalense wama-1mes sizobiza ezinkampanini ezahlukene 15-25% zentela yonyaka (hhayi i-8%, uma bekungenzeka, uma kwenzekile ngo-12), uma kwenzeka kungu-30- 35% (esikhundleni se-16 %), izinyanga ezi-3 40-50% it.d. Ukutshala imali kule nkathi isikhathi esivela ezinyangeni ezi-6 kuye kwezingu-12 ngokujwayelekile akulungile - kulula ukuthola inqubomgomo ejwayelekile yonyaka.
Ezinye izinkampani zinikeza izinhlelo ezikhethekile zomshuwalense wesikhashana. Isibonelo, e-Alpha Country Wester, ekuvumela ukuthi uvikele indlu yezwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, umshuwalense ubhekene nobungozi bokufa nokulimala kwempahla etholakala efulethini lekhasimende, ngamaholide nangezimpelasonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe awukho yini umshuwalense noma ekhaya. Futhi uRosno unikeza inqubomgomo ethi "Ikhaya Lakho Nezokungcebeleka", Ukuthenga Okungavikela Ngayo Ifulethi Lakho Nempahla Eshukumisayo Ngesikhathi Seholidi.
Izingozi nezintela
Ephaketheni elisezingeni eliphakeme, impahla eshukumisayo inenzuzo ekuqinisekiseni, ngoba ubungozi ngakunye buzobalwa ngenani elincane. Nansi imininingwane esenkampanini "yemvume": Imali eyisisekelo yephakeji ephelele yengobungozi izolingana no-0.66%, futhi uma ukhetha amaqembu eengcupheko abhalwe ngenhla, kanye nenani eligoqiwe ku-1.09% .
Lapho kunqunywa ukuthi imali yomshuwalense, iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu lapho izinto zigcinwa khona: ngaphakathi kwezindlu, izindlu zezwe noma amakhethini. Ekuvutheni komshuwalense we- "capital capital" ngesikhathi somshuwalense ephaketheni lengozi ephelele kukhona amanani entela 0.5-1.2% empahleni eshukumisayo etholakala ezakhiweni ezihlukile, kanye no-0.4-0.9% ezindlini.
Inani le-Insurance Premium (umnikelo), noma izindleko zenqubomgomo, libalwa njengomsebenzi we-Sum Insured kanye nentela yomshuwalense, elivezwe njengephesenti. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa impahla eshukumisayo ebiza ama- $ 30 izinkulungwane, ezisefulethini, ephaketheni eliphelele lengozi, umshuwalense wonyaka kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhokhe u- $ 261-330 (intela 0.87-1.1% kuphela $ 105-135 (I-TRARIFF 0.35-0.45%), futhi, ake sithi, kusuka ekulimaleni kuya emanzini- $ 45-60 (tariff 0.15-0.2%). Imininingwane inikezwa yi-MDS.
Izindleko zenqubomgomo yomshuwalense zincike enanini lezingozi ozikhethile: umlilo, i-bay, izenzo ezingekho emthethweni zabantu besithathu IDR. Lokho bangokwengeziwe, kwehlise imali ekhokhwayo ngayinye. Isibonelo, lapho kufakwa iphakethe lengozi ephelele, imali ekhokhwayo ingaba ngu-0.9%, futhi ifingqa amanani entela ngokuhlukile, sizothola cishe i-1.5%.
Ukukhokhwa kwesinxephezelo
Photo by E. noS. Morgunovy Uma unomcimbi womshuwalense, zama ukuthinta noma yini futhi ungashintshi kusuka endaweni (ngaphandle kokungasebenzi kwakho okubangela ukulimala okwengeziwe noma ukudala usongo empilweni noma ngempilo ezungezile). Shayela amaphoyisa, izicishamlilo, eziphuthumayo noma ezinye izinsizakalo, ngokuya ngezimo, futhi uqiniseke nokwazisa ngokwenzeka kwinkampani yomshuwalense. Khumbula ukuthi ngaphandle kokubhekiswa kubaphathi bemibuso efanele, isinxephezelo somshuwalense ngeke sikukhokhele. Iqiniso lokuthi okwenzekile kumele kuqinisekiswe kubhalwe phansi ngokubhala.
Ochwepheshe abavela eMnyangweni Wezokukhokha Kwenkampani Yomshwalense bayeza esigabeni (konke kungobabili abasezingeni lasendulo baseMelika), futhi kunzima ukuhudula okuthile kubo. Bahlome ngamakhamera futhi banolwazi olunzulu emahlombe abo. I-ITO imvelo impela, ngoba sikhuluma ngemali.
Akuzona zonke izinkampani ngokushesha ngokushesha nangezinxephezelo zomshuwalense wokuzingela. Lokhu kukhulunywa futhi ngabahlanganyeli bemakethe uqobo, futhi abantu obekumele babhekane nomcimbi onomshuwalense. Kepha kungcono yini ukuthi kungcono ukungakwenzi ukukhohlisa umshuwalense (ngokuya ngokwandisa inani lomonakalo, ukufaka umcimbi womshuwalense, njll.). Ukufakwa kophenyo ngemininingwane ngokuqinisekile kuzontanta, futhi ungakwenza "ukukwenza" esimweni sobulelesi ...
Ungazenza kanjani ngomlilo noma echibini, konke kucace kakhulu noma kungacaci. I-Avota ifaka isicelo empahleni eshukumisayo ingumbuzo omubi kakhulu futhi ogulayo. Ukuzovikela impahla yakho kuleli ngcupheko, khumbula ukuthi iningi lezinkampani ezivikele impahla eshukumisayo kuphela ekuphumeni nokugenca. Uma umnyango uvula nje ukhiye (wena, amalungu omndeni wakho noma abahlaseli) futhi uphethe izinto ezibalulekile, ngeke kube khona isinxephezelo somshuwalense. Iqiniso lezenzo ezingekho emthethweni zabantu besithathu kufanele liqinisekiswe isitifiketi esivela emaphoyiseni ukuthi kwakhiwa icala lobugebengu kulo futhi kwaqalwa icala laso isigebengu. Phambilini, akukhona lokho.
Abahleli babonga iRosgossTrakhh, i-AlfastrakhovanHanie, "imvume", "insurance insurance", "MDS" kanye "ne-Intertigional" yokusiza lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.