Ama-metermen asendlini: amadivayisi angaphandle nekamelo, izici zokufaka, iziteshi zezulu zedijithali. Izincomo ze-Meteorologists eziqalayo.
Ngaphezu komklamo kanye nobunzima obuchwepheshe, ama-meteorics ahlukahluka ekuhlobiseni. Umkhuba wokuhlanganisa ubumnandi ngokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwamadivayisi afanayo okuhlala
Empilweni yansuku zonke, amadivaysi we-analog meteorological asetshenziselwa ukuqapha isimo samanje sezulu, thola ukuthi hlobo luni lomgwaqo noma lokushisa lwendlu, ingcindezi, umswakama
Isigaba esikhethekile semishini yesimo sezulu- "yengadi nengadi". Kungaba amadivaysi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi abizayo namadivayisi alula kakhulu, afana nabavuthi, ongabala ngawo inani lemvula
Izinhlelo zokuqapha zasekhaya zezinkomba ze-meteorological- Isiteshi sezulu sezulu
Isiteshi sezulu sezulu sar898hg senzelwe ukusebenza ngaphandle nangaphakathi endlini. I-Valleychychi kusuka kumadivayisi we-analog, isiteshi sesiteshi sedijithali singadluliswa kusuka endaweni kuya endaweni ethile ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulimaza ukuhlelwa kwensiza
Ubukhulu besiteshi buqhathaniswa nePocket
I-Anemometers ifakwe ophahleni oluvulekile noma i-Hill Tip
Bambalwa abantu abaqhathanise noMama-hlobo ngokwemibandela yenombolo nekhwalithi ye- "mosses", yethulwe nge-capita ngayinye. I-IIKOVKA CHEKHVSKY "Icala" ngeke ligcine lapha. Ukwazi kuphela ngama-tataclysms azayo kuzosiza ukuba bagweme. Njengoba besho, oxwayiswa, uhlome.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babazi kahle futhi baqonda ulimi lwemvelo, okubizwa ngokuthi "izimpawu zasendaweni zesimo sezulu", ngokusho ukuthi umlimi angabikezela ngokuqiniseka isimo sezulu esibi. Umhlali wasemadolobheni ocwengekile awuqondakali kulezi zinto ezicashile njengefomu kanye nohlobo lokuhamba kwamafu, ukuziphatha kwezilwane, izinyoni nezinambuzane, izithunzi zokushona kwelanga, ngoba kunesikhungo se-hydrometeterological, ngoba kunesikhungo se-hydrometeterological, ngoba kunesikhungo se-hydrometeterological. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu sezulu, sibalwa ngisho nama-luminaires angcono kakhulu wesayensi, kumishini yesimanje kakhulu ayinambiseko njalo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kwakha i-IT kungokwezindawo ezibanzi (ngokwesibonelo, ekufundeni kweMosco noma esifundeni saseMoscow), kanye "nendawo" isimo sezulu singaba nezithunzi zalo nezici. Akumangazi ukuthi abantu bakhetha ukuthola amadivaysi abo okubikezela isimo sezulu.
Lapho kunama-thermometers nama-barometers, mhlawumbe ayazi konke. Ama-hygrometers ajwayelekile - amadivayisi anquma umswakama womoya. Iziteshi zesimo sezulu sasekhaya nazo zingafakwa ngama-anemieter ukuthola ijubane (amandla) komoya kanye nokuqondisa kwalo, ama-plviometer (izindatshana) ukukala inani lokuvulwa kwezulu namanye amadivaysi, ngokwesibonelo, izinzwa zemisebe yelanga ne-ultraviolet. Sizokhuluma ngawo wonke la madivayisi namuhla.
Izibhedlela zesimo sezulu esifanele
Ekuqaleni, sizoqhuba "i-LIBEZ encane yabaqalayo bezazi zesimo sezulu." Wonke amadivayisi wokuhlola isimo sezulu enza imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko. Okokuqala, yazisa umuntu ngesimo samanje sezulu. Okwesibili, ukusiza ukudweba imiphumela yokubonwa kwesikhathi eside kwezinguquko ngesimo sezulu sezulu sezulu. Umsebenzi wesibili unzima kakhulu. Ukuyixazulula, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa futhi kuhlaziye ngasikhathi sinye ukufundwa kwamadivayisi athile, njenge-barometer, i-thermometer, i-hygrometer kanye ne-anemometer. Kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukudweba ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu okuphakathi nesikhathi eside. Kulokhu, sekulingisa ikhompiyutha yezinqubo ezinkulu asemkhathini zisetshenziswa, okudinga inani elikhulu ledatha etholwe ezinzwayo kude komunye nomunye, futhi isebenzisa amakhompyutha asebenza kanzima.Amadivayisi amaningi akhishwa ku "digital" kanye nohlobo lwemishini ("analog) version. Ubuchwepheshe be-analog kanye nedijithali banezinzuzo zabo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Esimweni esilandelayo, uchwepheshe ubonakala ngokulula nokwethembeka. I-Analog yasendlini "Thermometers" ebiza u- $ 0,5-2 ibanzi. Ama-Thermometer e-Samp Iwindows Thermometers ngokuqinisa okukhethekile okwenza lula ukufakwa kwangaphandle kwangaphandle, ukukhiqizwa kwezinkampani "izinkampani" (i-rurlopor), "iRussia), kanye nama-thermometer (ama-aquariums), kanye nama-aquariums, izingane. D. Kanye namadivayisi ngamanye, ama-thermohygrometer akhiqizwa, ama-barometers ane-gyggery namawashi, ahlanganiswe ecaleni elijwayelekile. Iqembu elikhethekile lama-analogiteans yimikhiqizo ye-Mouvenir.
Musa ukudida uCelsius ngeKelvin!
Izinga lokushisa ama-thermometer ahlukile. I-Fahrenheit (F), Celsius (C) noKelvin (K), igama elithi amagama abasunguli babo, bathola ukwabiwa okukhulu kakhulu. Isikali sikaCelsius samukelwa. Kumaphuzu aphindwe kabili kunendawo yokuncibilika yeqhwa (0c) kanye namanzi abilayo engcindezini ye-armospheric ye-760 mm ye-mercury pistrar (100c), kanti usayizi we-degree uchazwa njengengxenye yekhulu yalesi sikhashana. I-Wistkale Kelvin Iphuzu le-zero lereferensi "ngokuphelele zero", noma izinga lokushisa elincane - inani layo lihambisana ne-273 celsius. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, u-0 Celsius ucishe abe ngu-273k. Amanani ama-degrees kulezi zikali ahlangana (ngokwesibonelo, i-100c ihambelana no-373k). Kunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nezinga le-Fahrenheit esetshenziswe e-United States. Kunama-degree angamashumi amabili (0f), indawo yokuncibilika yengxube yeqhwa kanye ne-ammonia ehambelana nephuzu lokuncibilika, kanye nokushisa kwe-100 komzimba womuntu. 0 Celsius ngu-32 Fahrenheit, 100 Celsius - 212 Fahrenheit It.D. Okunjalo "ukungahambisani" kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa amadivayisi "hhayi" esikalini.
Hhayi kuphela ewusizo, kepha futhi muhle
Ukukhetha ama-metan asendlini, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabange ukuthi le ndlela yenzelwe i-Outer (Street) noma ukufakwa kwekamelo. Amadivayisi emigwaqo nekamu angaba nebanga lokushisa elihlukile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-thermometers wokugeza kanye nama-saunas okumele abekezelele ukufudumala okuqinile. I-Street (iwindi) ama-thermometers angafakwa ngezinketho ezahlukene zokufaka kufreyimu. Imvamisa, izindlu zabo zifakwe kubakaki futhi zinamathiselwe kwizikulufo. Ilungele amafreyimu wokhuni, kepha hhayi ngepulasitiki noma i-aluminium. Lapho kusenesikhathi, ama-thermometer e-velcro afanelekile. Abantu basendlini amamitha angena odongeni, noma abeke eshalofini noma kwi-countertop.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo lwensimbi, kufanele unake lula ukusebenza kwalo. Ngokuyinhloko kuthinta ukufundeka kwesilinganiso. Ukuthweswa iziqu akufanele kuthathwe, kube yinto ecacile futhi ehlukaniswe kahle ngisho nengilazi yewindi ende noma emgodini kaSteam. Ama-thermometer namanye amadivayisi wengilazi abuthaka futhi kufanele abe khona ngaphandle kokuthola izingane. Kukhona nama-thermometers akhethekile ezindlu zezingane ezenziwa kusuka epulasitiki ehlala isikhathi eside. Ukugeza nama-saunas nawo atholakala amadivayisi ngecala leplastiki noma yokhuni. Umzimba ofanayo awukwazi ukufudumala futhi ukhonzele imbangela yokushiswa.
Amadivaysi we-analog meteorological athandwa kakhulu njengemikhiqizo ye-Mouvenir. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlukahluka kwama-thermometer, ama-barometers, ama-hygrometer "ekusebenzeni kwakudala" anikeze amandla olwandle (i-United Kingdom), i-Dall Izindlu zenziwa kusuka ku-oki array, i-beech, ash, izingxenye zensimbi - ama-alloys ethuni. Izindleko zalezi zikhumbuzo ezinjalo zingahluka, kusuka ku- $ 20-30 nangaphezulu.
Unentshisekelo kwi-Thermometer ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Thermometer ye-Liquid ye-Buoyancy, esungulwe yi-Astronomer yase-Italy uGalileo Galileem (1564-1642). Le divayisi iyi-flask evaliwe ebekwe uphawu nge-hermetically, ngaphakathi "ithwala" amabhola amaningana anemibala eminingi. Amabhola aphethwe ngokuhlukile lapho amazinga okushisa enyuka, futhi aqhamuke futhi lapho uketshezi ku-thermometer lupholile. Kubukeka kukuhle kakhulu. I-Lagileo Thermometer ikhiqizwa nguTfa Dostmann (Germany), iViking AB (Sweden), Karl Koch nokuma, kuya ngosayizi, kusuka ku- $ 10-15 kuya ku- $ 500-600.
Isibikezeli Sezulu Esayensi
Iziteshi zezulu zedijithali ezisetshenziswa empilweni yansuku zonke, kunjalo, azikwazi ukuncintisana nenqubo yobuchwepheshe ngokunemba kwemiphumela etholakele, kodwa futhi kubiza kakhulu. Amamodeli ashibhile kakhulu azobiza abathengi ku- $ 50-150. Ngokunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, imikhiqizo ye-Oregon yesayensi (Hong Kong), i-TFA Dostmann, iViking AB. Idivaysi yalesi siteshi ayihlukeki ebunzimeni: Iyunithi eliphambili ngeprosesa kanye ne-Display Plus kusuka kokunye kokushisa okukude, umswakama kanye nengcindezi.
Iziteshi zezulu ezibiza kakhulu futhi ezisezingeni eliphakeme zihlome ngenani elikhulu lezinzwa, ngenxa yokuthi isimo sezulu sithembeke ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, "amamodeli athi" amahle "avela e-Oregon Science kanye ne-USA Ukubikezela kwenziwa ngesisekelo sezinkomba zokucindezela komkhathi, amandla omoya, ukuhanjiswa kwezulu, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-latitude yendawo kanye nobude bendawo. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, izindleko zalezi ziteshi ziphakeme kakhulu futhi zifinyelela ku- $ 1000-1500. Izwe eliphesheya, inqubo enjalo ivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngabanikazi bezindlu zezwe, kodwa futhi ngazo zonke izinjongo zobungcweti, ngokwesibonelo, zombili izinsiza zengadi nasemapulazini.
Ukusuka komunye nomunye, iziteshi zezulu azifani ngenani lezinzwa kanye nokunemba kwesimo sezulu, kepha futhi nokubonakala kwezindlu kanye nokuboniswa, kanye nokuba khona kwemisebenzi eyengeziwe. Izindlu zivame kakhulu zinesimo esiqinile esingunxande. Umehluko omkhulu ekubonisweni kokubonisa. Ukufaka ukubonakala kusetshenziswa ama-pictographs ahlukahlukene abonisa uhlobo lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Qiniseka ukuthi uqiniseka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuthi zonke izithombe ziqondakala kahle.
Futhi hlola "ukufundwa kwemininingwane yedijithali. Phakathi kwezici ezingeziwe ezifanele igama elithi yi-Ultraviolet Radiation Sensors ezingafakwa iziteshi zesimo sezulu se-bar933hg, i-bar988hg kusuka ku-Oregon Science, RST-02937 kusuka eSverden (Sweden). Inzwa enjalo izoba wusizo ikakhulukazi kubathandi belanga - ngosizo lwayo, inqubo ibala futhi ikhombisa ukuboniswa kwesikhathi sokuhlala okuphephile elangeni, kucatshangelwa uhlobo lwesikhumba kanye namanani we-sunscreen we-ukhilimu osetshenzisiwe kubo.
Okunye okusebenzayo kungenzeka ukuthi kuxhumeke kwikhompyutha yomuntu siqu - okunikeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, kumamodeli we-WMR 928 NX avela e-Oregon Science kanye neVentage Pro kusuka kumathuluzi e-Davis. Ikhompyutha ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume iziteshi ze-meteorologe uye ku-General "Meteorological Network", hlaziya imininingwane etholakele komakhelwane bese uhlanganisa isibikezelo esinembile ngokwengeziwe.
Ngosizo lwe-ultrasonic "Windlerson" ye-Windscreen "ensimini, unganquma isivinini somoya esijwayelekile, kanye nesilinganiso saso (esinama-gust) kanye nenani elincane. Ububanzi bamazaka alinganiswe busuka ku-0,4 kuya ku-150 amamayela ngehora (idivaysi ingakhipha amanani futhi kumakhilomitha ajwayelekile kwabaseYurophu). Abasebenzisi abaphambili bale divayisi yi-Athletes (Yachtsmen, Deltaplaneers IT.D.)
Inhlala-kahle yomuntu incike emshadweni. Ngakho-ke, abantu abakhululekile kunabo bonke bazwakala bezwakala emazingeni okushisa angama-20-26 ° C, umswakama ohlobene ka-45-65% kanye nengcindezi ecishe ibe ngu-760 mmrt. Ukushisa, ingcindezi ephansi ithinta kabi inhlala-kahle yabantu abaphethwe yizifo zenhliziyo, umswakama owandayo ungadala ukwanda kwesifuba somoya. Kubantu abanjalo, iziteshi zezulu zibaluleke nje
Esiteshini sezulu esiteshini seVantantage PRO PLUS, isethi yezinzwa yenziwa ngesimo sebhlokhi elilodwa. Ukuthola ukusebenza okulungile, izinzwa zokushisa kanye nomswakama zifakwe uhlelo lokuvikela ngokweqile olufakwe fan eyakhelwe ngaphakathi
Uma ikotishi ezinzwa ...
Ukunemba kokufundwa kwamaMeteChikov ngqo kuya ngokuthi izinzwa zawo zitholakala kahle kangakanani. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni zezinzwa ze- "Sína" sezulu sezulu kungenzeka zingafaneleki. Akudingekile ukuzifaka ngaphandle kwewindi, khweza indlu efulethini ophahleni, futhi. Izinzwa ze-Aesley Place Sensor ngokungesikho, iziteshi zezulu kungenzeka zinikeze ukubikezela okusobala.
Isibonelo, izinzwa zokushisa (kanye nama-thermometers ajwayelekile asemgwaqweni) azikwazi ukubekwa ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga- kuphela emthunzini. Kunoma ikuphi, akunconywa ukuba ukubamisa eduze kwendawo yokushisa, ngokwesibonelo, uphahla olunama-coating angaphambili. Uphahla lwezindlu eziningi ezinama-streay alufanele, ngoba kukhona umoya onamandla onamandla ugeleza uzungeze izakhiwo kanye lokushisa lomoya wansuku zonke kuzoba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Kungcono ukuhlela ukuthola inzwa yokushisa sensor meterchka. Leli yibhokisi elincane (cishe amaseli angama-4040) amhlophe, abonise izindonga ezikhanyisiwe, kanye ne-viso noma i-visor yamanzi. IMeterCKA ivame ukufakwa endaweni ephakeme ngo-2-2,5 m kusuka emhlabathini, ngakunye ukusuka kunoma yiziphi izakhiwo ezibalulekile (ibanga kubo akufanele kube ngaphansi kwengxenye yokuphakama kwedokotho, ukuze umphumela wokugeleza kwe-convection incishisiwe).
Ama-baroMETERS kanye nama-RIVERS afakwe eduze kobubanzi bomhlaba, ukuphakama okungama-2m. Ama-avot amemometer kufanele aphakanyiswe aphakeme, ngo-10-20m emhlabathini. Lawa madivayisi ashibhile awesabi, ngakho-ke anengqondo kakhulu ukubopha kubo ophahleni lophahla, njengezitezi ezijwayelekile. Ama-meteorologists "ngokuhlanzeka kokuhlolwa" asungule ama-anemometer kuma-mast akhethekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, indawo yokubeletha kufanele ibe evulekile kunazo zonke, ngaphandle kwezakhiwo noma izihlahla, ingcono kunegquma.
Ingcindezi yasemkhathini incike ekuphakameni ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle lapho kwenziwa khona isilinganiso. Ngakho-ke, ukulinganisa kwe-analog barometer kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isikulufa esilungisayo esitholakala ngemuva kwezindlu. Ukufaka kahle idivaysi, kufanele usebenzise ukufundwa kwenye i-barometer noma idatha yesimo sezulu. Ngaphambi kokususa ubufakazi bokuqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu, kufanele ungqongqoze ngokucophelela engilazini yedivayisi.
I-Analog Hygrometer kumele ihlolwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusonga idivaysi kundwangu emanzi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, i-hygrometer kufanele ikhombise umswakama wama-94-96%. Uma lokhu kungenjalo, kusho ukuthi kufanele kulungiswe. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokuhambisa ipuleti elinepuleti odongeni olungemuva lwezindlu.
Iziteshi zezulu eziningi zedijithali zinikezwa ngezinzwa ezingenantambo zidlulisa imininingwane esiteshini somsakazo. Kuyinto elula, ngoba abanikazi akudingeki baphule ikhanda labo lapho befihla khona i-wiring eyeqile. Izinzwa ezingenantambo zine-radius ehlukile yokwenza - kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-100m. Ngokuqondene nesondlo sabo senkonzo, kwehlela ukuhlanza inkomishi yemvula kusuka ekushayeleni imfucumfucu yakhe (kangcono, ngendlela, le divayisi nayo itholakala kude nezihlahla) kanye nokubuyisela amabhethri anamandla okuzimela. Izinzwa zePosnovna zingokomnotho impela, ibhethri libalwa isikhathi esingangesiso kanye ngonyaka. Kodwa noma kanye ngonyaka ukukhuphuka ophahleni "ekuvakasheni ku-anemometer" akukuhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kumamodeli wanamuhla, ama-anemiater ahlinzekela amandla angeziwe kusuka kumaphaneli elanga. Umphumela wokufakwa esikhundleni kwebhethri kuyadingeka kanye kuphela njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Ukuphehla isikhathi sonke isikhathi sokuthi uchithe esifundweni se-phenomena engaqondakali yemvelo nemiphumela yesiteshi sakho sezulu.
Abahleli bayabonga inkampani "Solomon Kr", "I-Laboratory of Home Technologies i-homeau", le futur, ihhovisi elimele, elimele ihhovisi lika-Oregon Science for Usizo Lokusiza.