I-Bonsai - ubuciko bokwenza ama-miniature emifino. Umlando wemvelaphi, izitayela, izimo zokunakekelwa okufanele, kanye nencazelo ehlukahlukene yethemu.
IBonsai ingumbuso wobuhle nokuhlakanipha kwemvelo esihlahleni esisodwa
Isithombe sesiqu namagatsha, ngokuya nge-canons, kufanele kubonakale kahle
Ukugeleza kwentambo kuvame ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo
I-BonSAI ye-herbal
I-Pine Young. "Mncane"
Ebusika, i-bonsai ebonakalayo ikhombisa ubuhle bamagatsha anqunu
EMpumalanga, amandla okukhulisa ama-miniferous miniature abhekwa njenge-top yamakhono we-bonsaist
Juniper ngesitayela "sokhuni olufile". Isibonelo segama elibizwa nge-avant-garde indlela
IBonsanai iyakhanga kwabaseYurophu ngokubukeka kwayo, futhi ngoba iJapan iyifilosofi yonke
Iziqu ezibunjiwe namagatsha abonisa isiphetho esimangazayo sezihlahla empilweni
Ukuqondisa kokukhula kwamagatsha e-juniper kusethwe ngocingo
UBonsai uwokufanekisela ubusha (ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza), ukuvuthwa (ukuncipha) kanye nokuguga (isiqu esinqunu ebusika)
Izimpendulo ezifanayo zingathengwa ezitolo
USpruce Canadian ukhule ngesitayela "setshe eligobile"
Uphayini njengoba kukhula kusuka etsheni elikhulu
I-Prepass kusuka kuHolly, Isitayela - "Polokscad"
Izihlahla ezincane ezifika ku-10-15 cm ukuphakama zivame ukuboniswa kuma-shein akhethekile
Izithelo Piracles zingabamba onyakeni odlule, entwasahlobo ziseduze kwezimbali ezimhlophe
Mids ukubona "Gcina" Izihlahla ezindala
Amahlamvu e-autumn- isikhathi se-bonsai bonsai
I-grose kusuka ku-kiparisovikov
Maple Dlanoid
Amatshe, amanzi nezihlahla - izinto eziphambili zokuhlela komhlaba waseJapan
Ama-Masters aseJapan abamba izihlahla emgwaqweni kuma-racks
Inani lamanzi noma amagatsha esihlahlaEmcabangweni wezothando lwezintaba nemifula egcwele ukuzalanisa.
Amanzi isikhashana ongasinda
Amasakramente ezinguquko ezingenakubalwa.
Njengezimangaliso ze-wizadi.
Ikenobo Sanno. Ukubuyiselwa Kwemfihlo I-BonSAI ehunyushelwe ngokoqobo ngokohlelo lwamaJapane "isitshalo ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Kukholakala ukuthi ubuciko bokulima kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinsizwa zemvelo kwavela ngamakhulu e-IV-II. BC. eChina. Ngokusho kolunye lwezinganekwane, "i-pan-son" - ibizwa ngokuthi lobu buciko ngesiShayina, yayithandwa kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu, ahlala kuwo, lapho aphatha khona ibhulokhi ngayinye yomhlaba.
I-BonSAI ehunyushelwe ngokoqobo ngokohlelo lwamaJapane "isitshalo ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Kukholakala ukuthi ubuciko bokulima kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinsizwa zemvelo kwavela ngamakhulu e-IV-II. BC. eChina. Ngokusho kolunye lwezinganekwane, "i-pan-son" - ibizwa ngokuthi lobu buciko ngesiShayina, yayithandwa kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu, ahlala kuwo, lapho aphatha khona ibhulokhi ngayinye yomhlaba. Kintisisa amandla okukhulisa izihlahla emapuletini angeniswe izindela zamaShayina ngeNkathi Ephakathi, kanye neBuddha. Kwakungokokuqala ukuvela kwe-vervep vele ku-xxv. Igama elithi "Bonsai" ngenkulumo e-colloquial lisetshenziswa ngamanani ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke wawubiza ngomuthi uqobo, ne-Agrotechnik yokutshala kwazo, nobuciko bokwenza izitshalo ezincane. Leli gama alithambekele futhi alinayo inombolo eminingi. Amakhosi E-Bonsai Amakhosi abizwa ngokuthi ama-bonsaiists.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izitshalo ezitshalwe elangabini ezingabizwa ngokuthi yi-bonsai. Kunemicimbi eqinile eqinile elawula konke okungokwabuciko: uhlobo lwesitshalo kanye nengxenye yezingxenye zalo, izincwadi zesitshalo kanye nesiqubulo, inhlanganisela yombukiso ekwakhiweni kwe-IT.D. Izibonelelo lezi zinhlango ziqine ikakhulukazi, eChina namanye amazwe aseMpumalanga zikhululekile. Izihlahla ezincane zingaqhathaniswa nesibazi, ziphila kuphela nokukhula. I-Bonsai eyayingulwa kabili, ephelele inamagama awo (ngokwesibonelo, "ukundiza kukadrako emafwini").
IVaechnic Bonsai ingathuthukisa izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo. Phakathi kwazo akuzona izihlahla kuphela, kodwa futhi nezihlahlana, amakhambi nezitshalo zasemanzini. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizo izihlahla ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Akukho okuncane okuncane kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu kakhulu. I-Classic Bonsai ifaka ukuphakama kwesihlahla kusuka ku-30- 40cm kuya ku-1m, kepha kukhona izithonjana eziphakeme ngokuphelele ngokuphakama okungu-1.5-2 kuya ku-10-15 cm.
Ubuzwe kanye nama-canons
UBonsai waqhamuka eChina, nawo wonke amazwe angomakhelwane waseVietnam, eKorea, Thailand, Japan, - wamukela ubuciko, wamvimbela ngokulandela izimo zabo namasiko. Ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni kwakunguBonsai waseJapan, oboshwe kakhulu kubo bonke. Isiko le-vyagon likhona imithetho eqinile yokwakhiwa kwesitshalo uqobo, kanye nokukhethwa kwesitsha netafula. Ungumnikazi wonke ama-European miniature Treest ukuhlukahluka esihlokweni sezitayela zaseJapan Bonsai. KwabaseYurophu, isihlahla esikhule kule ndlela ye-Bonsai siheha ngokuyinhloko ngokubukeka kwaso kwangaphandle, ubudala. I-Uyapon kanye ne-Chinese Masters Actimelela kuye ngokujulile, kuyindlela yokuzichaza, ukuqonda kwefilosofi komhlaba.
Isitshalo ngasinye, ngokusho kwe-Classic Japan Canons, kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo eziningana eziyisisekelo. Okokuqala, yiba nefomu elijwayelekile lomqhele. Amakhona onxantathu afanekisela ubunye obuthathu - isibhakabhaka, umhlaba kanye nesixhumanisi sokubopha, isihlahla. Okwesibili, amagatsha kufanele abekwe ngama-tiers, aqokwe kahle kakhulu. Okwesithathu, i-tier ngayinye ayiqinile emagatsheni namaqabunga, kepha ihlukaniswe izindawo ezakhiwe, lapho amahlamvu abukhulu ngokukhethekile. Akwamukeleki amagatsha anqamukile ezihlahleni. Okujabulisayo, wonke ama-aesthetics we-bonsai kungenxa ye-biology yezitshalo. Ukwakheka kukanxantathu womqhele kuyadingeka ukuze izingxenye ezingenhla zalo azihlanganisi ezaziphansi. Amagatsha abekwa ngama-tiers ukuqinisekisa umoya omncane kanye nokufinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo senani elifunekayo lokukhanya. Ukuqina kusuka endaweni yokubuka yemvelo kuyindawo eyi-microclimate yomswakama odingekayo.
Isitsha (toss) kumele sihlanganiswe nesitshalo ngesimo, usayizi, ukuthungwa nombala. Ubona ukujula kwesitsha esinomgqomo omile kulingana nobubanzi bomgqomo, nobude (noma ububanzi obuyindilinga) bulingana nobubanzi obunobubanzi bomqhele. Ezitshalweni ezincane ezinemibuthano ebushelelezi, kukhethwe isitsha esiyindilinga noma esise-oval, kanye nezihlahla ezindala ezinamandla, ezixande. Izinhlobo ze-conifer zitshalwe emathangini ansundu amnyama. Ukuqhakaza okugqamile, okuvimbayo, kunalokho, ngombala. Njengomthetho, le mikhumbi ipendiwe ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene ephuzi, ukhilimu nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iningi lezitsha zobumba ze-ceramic mancane amathuba okuba amapuleti asikiwe etsheni eliqinile. Okubaluleke kakhulu iziqukathi zasendulo zamaShayina zitholakele, njengomthetho, emikhunjini eshisiwe. Indiza eyisicaba ithandeka ekujuleni, izitshalo kuzo zibonakala zizinzile, ifomu elinjalo linomthelela ekwakhekeni kohlelo lwezimpande ze-bonsai, kusiza izimpande aration. Izimbiza ezi-Inland zikhulisa izinhlobo zezilwane ezinomswakama (ngokwesibonelo, ukukhumbula) noma amakhophi anamafomu alengise kanye nama-semi-lining.
Amatafula amaningi (cishe ama-90%) aklanyelwe ukukhombisa ama-bonsai enziwa ngeSantan (Pterokarpus Santalinus). Izinkuni zalo ezikhanyayo zewolintshi ngesikhathi kumnyama nsundu. Kukhona amatafula esihlahleni se-ebony, i-quince of Chinese, amagilebhisi, amapheya. Yeka uBonsanai omkhulu, okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu lapho kufanele kube khona itafula kuye. Izihlahla ezincane ezinhle zinamaphaphu abonakalayo, "air" amatafula anemilenze ephansi. Amamodeli aphezulu alungele izitshalo ezithambekele futhi eziwayo (izitayela ze-cascade nengxenye yenkomishi). Uma iBoncelai inomgqomo ogobile ogobile, kungcono ukukhetha itafula elibaziweyo elenziwe ngengxenye yesihlahla noma ukulingisa. Amakhambi abekwa emapuleti e-Flat Wooker eyenziwe ngeziphonso zokuphela.
Amaphupho avumelekile avela ku-laconic Japan, e-Chinese Bonsai ethosiwe futhi afakwe ngaphansi. Lapha ungaphoqeleli izidingo eziningi kangaka ngesimo somgqomo kanye nomqhele. Amapuleti namatafula alayishwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokuhlobisa futhi apendwe ngemibala ekhanyayo, kanti eJapan lezi zinto zivinjelwe kakhulu. I-WKITAI izikole zikhona ezikhuthaza ukungenelela kobuntu obuncane ekuthuthukiseni ama-miniature. Kukhona futhi "okukhohlisayo" ngokweqile - izihlahla zinikeza uhlobo lwe-hieroglyphs noma izilwane, ezinjenge-Dragons.
Esikweni leVietnam, isitayela "sesitshalo edwaleni" siyathandwa: Izimpande zesihlahla zinetshe futhi ziwela emanzini, ngakho-ke akukho mhlabathi esitsheni. I-Ikaytai, futhi iBonsuse Bonsai ingahle ihambisane nezibalo zabadobi ngenduku yokudoba, izindlu zobumba, ama-cranes anemilenze eyodwa, ama-cranes, isithombe sikaBuddha, esiseduze kwesitsha, esiseduze kwesitsha, esiseduze kwesihlahla. Uhlobo lwe-vymnomic lomhlobiso onjalo aluvamile kakhulu.
AmaSuiseks abhekwa eduze kweBonsai ("SUI" - Amanzi, "Skeus" - Itshe) neBonkey ("izitshalo etsheni"). AmaSuisekes anezithombe ezingokomfanekiso zezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezinezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile namanzi. Lokhu kungahle kwehle emfuleni wentaba noma echibini ezintabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angokwemvelo noma athathelwa indawo ngesihlabathi esomile, kepha ngokuvamile awekho, avezwa kuphela.
Izingoma ze-Bonkei esiko lesiShayina naseVietnam ziyisibalo samatshe, izitshalo, izibalo zezilwane nabantu, izindlu ezincane. Izakhamizi ze-Uyapon zeBonquei- ukwakheka okukodwa okuvela ku-Elm noma imilomo etsheni i-idr.
Isibeletha
Onke ama-bonsai kufanele ahlabele isitshalo semvelo esikhula ezimweni zemvelo zasendle. Isiqu sesihlahla, sigxume etsheni, okokuqala ugoba, ukuphinda isimo sakhe, bese ukhetha kuphela ukukhanya, hamba uqonde phezulu. I-Aesley yayimiselwe ukuzalwa edwaleni elivulekile, indlela yokukhula yayizonikezwa yimimoya ekhona kule ndawo. Kususelwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo zezihlahla ezikhulayo "izitayela zakhiwa. Ngamunye wabo udonsela okwakhe, ngokungafani nokuphumula. Isiko le-vyagon laziwa izitayela ezingaphezu kwe-10 zeBonsai eyodwa kanye nokufika kwamaqembu amaningi. Ezinye izitayela zilula ekwakheni, ezifana, ngokwesibonelo, ziqonde mpo, fan noma idolobha ngomoya, okunye okunzima kuyinto elondolozekile isitayela noma izinkuni ezifile. I-bonsai eyodwa inganelisa izidingo zezitayela eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.I-Bonsai-Art "ebabazekayo". Umthelela emvelweni, umdwebi ukhetha izihlahla ukukopisha, okuthi ngezimo zemvelo ezadlula ezivivinyweni eziningi ezisindayo. Yini idrama engatshala igagasi? Kungathi kuzalelwa ezimweni ezingafanele - edwaleni lapho inhlabathi ishoda kakhulu futhi iswele umswakama. Mhlawumbe izilwane zakhe ezigqolozele, amagxolo alimala, isiqu sento ethile. I-Andor, kungenzeka kakhulu, ayikwazanga ukugwema imimoya ehlala njalo, iqhwa, ukuduma kwezulu kanye nesichotho - I-Element Overpress futhi iphule ngisho namakhophi amelana kakhulu. Amahlumela wesitshalo, adlula konke lokhu kuhlolwa, akunakuba ngisho, isiqu sesontekile, ama-antrestices mancane. Ibaluleke kakhulu yi-Bonsai, eyatholakala emvelweni. Kepha ukubonakala kwesitshalo, esakhelwe ekhaya, ukulethwa okugcwele kanye nokududuza, kufanele kube kumangalisa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, isiqu namagatsha asonteka ngokukhethekile ngosizo lwe-wire noma ukubambezeleka, amagxolo asuswa kwezinye izindawo noma aphakanyiselwe ngokwezifiso.
Ukukhetha izitshalo
Njengoba uBonsai angakhula ezinhlotsheni eziningi - izihlahla ezi-coniferous nezinolwazi, amakhambi. Kodwa-ke, okulandelayo kungcono ukungaqali ngamatshe "ayinkimbinkimbi" namatshe angathandeki, njengamaphayini noma i-fir, okuyinye isizathu esithandwa kakhulu kunabaqalayo. Kuzodingeka okungenani iminyaka engama-5-6 yesipiliyoni ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo ezingabekezeleleki (i-ficus noma i-knitting) ukuze ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nokuzikhukhumeza okuthe xaxa kuyaphumelela. EMpumalanga, amandla okukhulisa ama-coniferous abhekwa njengokugibela ikhono le-bonsaist.
Abalandeli bokuqala beBonsai basendlini bakhuthazekile ukuthi bakhethe izinhlobo zobusika ezingadingeki - ezimweni zefulethi elijwayelekile lasemadolobheni, akulula ukulihlela. -Ngacabangiyo Murraya - Isitshalo esivuthayo esinokwehla okuthakazelisa kakhulu kwamagxolo ama-shades akhanyayo, izimbali ezimhlophe ezimhlophe nezithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Kuliqiniso, unamaminithi alo: amaqabunga kaMundai akhulu kakhulu futhi ngisho nasencane akuvamile ngaphansi kwamasentimitha amane, okuthi nge-bonsai ephelele kakhulu. Ungase ululeke ukuthenga Umjikelezo we-GîTE ubani onenalithi ngesimo esiningi sikhumbuza amaqabunga we-willow, mellite Umuthi amane (isib. Ficus dowinged ). By the way, zonke lezi zinhlobo ezitshalwa endaweni yonke e-Bonsai naseNtshonalanga Yurophu cishe azitholakali eJapan. Ukuqala kweBonsanauist kunganconywa ukuthola Ibhothena (Ungesabi, uma ekwindla wawela amaqabunga), Vsum Chinese (Uma kuhlala kugcinwa egumbini, khona-ke amahlamvu adala awela ngemuva kokubonakala okusha futhi isihlahla siphenduke i-evergreen), I-Chinese Juniper (Kuliqiniso, akufanele uthenge ama-specimens amakhulu futhi abizayo, kungcono ukuqala ngama-cuttings amancane noma ngezithombo), I-Maple engxenyeni-ntathu, iMalpigia, Carmona, Psdidium, bamboo noma umgwenya.
Uma ungahlali phansi imbewu yokufika kanye nokulindela isikhathi eside ngomphumela, thenga i-bonsai elungele noma i-semi ngokulungele (okubizwa ngokuthi i-proncost) ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ezimakethe zengadi. Ukubuka kuqala kuyisitshalo segumbi elidala (kusuka eminyakeni emi-2 noma ngaphezulu), kepha kungakabikwa, ngemuva kokuthenga kunqunywe futhi kutshalwe esitsheni esiyisicaba. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu salokhu yintwasahlobo, kwezinhlobo ezithile - ekwindla. Izindleko zesitshalo esinjalo zisukela kuma-500-800 kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa ama-ruble. Ikhophi ebizayo kufanele ithengwe kuphela uma unethuba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuthola ukubonisana ngochwepheshe noma isipiliyoni esanele sokukhula kwe-Bonsai. Lapho uthenga isitshalo, naka ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande, ifomu nezinzuzo zangaphandle zeBonsai (noma umqhele omuhle kakhulu kanye nesiqu esiqinile semifino), isitshalo sesitshalo esinempilo esiphelele. Ukucatshangelwa unyaka wokuqala, khulisa iBonsanaI yakho yesikhathi esizayo njengesihlahla esijwayelekile kunazo zonke, ungagijimeli ukuqala inqubo yokwenza ubuciko obusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sizoba nesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo zakho, futhi sijwayele umqashi omusha futhi sibe ngcono ukwazi "imikhuba" yakhe.
Izitayela ze-bonsai zezihlahla ezinomgqomo owodwa
1. Chokkan (TKKKAN) - I-vertical ehlelekile, noma i-mast, isitayela. Leli ikhophi elincane lalezo zihlahla ezikhula emvelweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ukuthola amanzi, ukudla nokukhanya ebuthakathakeni. Isitayela kuphela esinesiqu esiseduze esiqondile. Umgqomo uqondiswe ngokuqondile phezulu, njengoba ukhula ububanzi, kanti owesithathu ophansi awunawo ngokuphelele amagatsha. Amagatsha angenhla ambozwe kakhulu ngamahlamvu, afushane futhi ancipha. Imvamisa lesi sitayela sisetshenziselwa iZelkva, adte, i-larch, umsedari, i-cryptoptoptoptoria.
2. Shakan (xianic) - Isitayela esithambekele, esithambekele. Isiqu sesihlahla sigoqiwe kancane futhi siphambuka kancane ukusuka mpo, kube sengathi lesi sitshalo sihlala emthambekeni wezintaba noma "zisindile" zivela emthunzini ojulile. Igatsha eliphansi kakhulu libhekiswe kulowo ophambene nesihlahla, ukulingana kuhlala kunjalo. Isitayela silungele izitshalo eziningi njenge-coniferous (amaphayini, i-thui, i-juniper, i-sequoia idr), futhi inciphise (maple, i-birch, i-idr.).
3. UMoyogi (Mogi) - Isitayela esingahlelekile mpo, noma isiqu esigoqiwe. Lesi ngesinye sezitayela eziphambili, nangenombolo yezithombe, mhlawumbe eziningi kakhulu. Uma amaJapan enza kube nzima ukukhetha isitayela se-bonsai, uMoyogi uvame ukusetshenziswa. Kuhluke kwezinye izinto amasampula awo angaqondakali ngokuphelele. Isiqu sinesimo esingajwayelekile, esigobile, futhi ama-bends angaba maningi, futhi phansi kuvame ukuvezwa ngokukhanya kakhulu. Ukusondela esiqongweni salawa "amagagasi" kuba luthambile, kanti phezulu kwesihlahla kuqondile ngesisekelo salo. Sebenzisa lesi sitayela cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla, kepha ikakhulukazi kaningi ngophayini, oki, maple, Juniper.
7. Kengai (Kengai) - I-Cascade. I-prototype yalesi sitayela yayiyizihlahla, iphoqelelwa ukuba ilwele ubukhona bawo emadwaleni, - bagudluke ngaphansi kwesichotho samatshe awayo, ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya kweqhwa, ngenxa yobulukhuni beqhwa noma ngaphansi kobukhulu babo. I-Brash iqala ezansi kwesiqu. Isiqu ngokwaso, siyashesha, singazelelwe "siwela", "sigeleza" ohlangothini, siphonsa ngaphansi kwesisekelo sesitsha. Ukuze isitshalo sibukeke kahle, sibekwe endaweni ephezulu noma emaphethelweni etafula. Ilungele iPine, Juniper, i-Rhilnik, i-Rhododendron, amaplamu, iWillow, ivy, Azalea, ngoba zivame ukubonwa kuzo ezimeni zemvelo. Akunconyelwe izihlahla ezinama-trusts aqinile, ampofu.
12. Bunjingi (Bunding) - Isitayela se- "Literary". Leli gama alibonisi ama-aesthetics wesitayela, kodwa kunalokho umlando wokuvela kwawo. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi seBonsanai yathandwa kakhulu phakathi kweChina enobuhlakani bokudala, eyadala isitayela esikhethekile seBonsai ngokwakhe. IBunjingi ingakhiwa ngokushesha okukhulu kunezindlela zakudala futhi zilinganiswa njengemibandela ye-taline. Isiqu somuthi sinde, sincane futhi sihle, amagatsha aqala ngengxenye yesithathu ephezulu. Kuyindlela yesiqu esigxilwe kuyo, ngakho-ke amahlamvu awanele, umqhele awunakile. Kukhanya, umoya futhi kubukeka njengomfanekiso opendiwe wezincwadi zasendulo zaseJapan.
Ukwakheka kwe-bonsai
Ukuthola ukwakheka kwe-bonsai, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngefomu elithile lesitshalo, ositholile: lapho izici zemvelo, zinjani izici zalo zokukhula, isimo sengqondo, inhlabathi, izinga lokushisa, umswakama womoya. Yakha hhayi kuphela isiqu namagatsha e-bonsai, kodwa futhi nezimpande. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa lapho kufakelwa izitshalo. Shiya izimpande ezimbalwa eziphambili ezihlukahluka kakhulu emgqonyeni. Izimpande ezivelelayo zenza isonto libe ngaphezulu "abadala", ifomu labo lincike esitayeleni esikhethiwe. Ingxenye yenhlabathi esitsheni ivame ukumbozwa nge-moss, kepha ezimweni ezijwayelekile zamakamelo, amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu kuyadingeka ukukhulisa inkimbinkimbi yayo.Ukutshalwa kwesihlahla ngenani elilinganiselwe lomhlabathi sekunomthelela ekunciphiseni kwalo ngenani, ukwehlisa ukukhula kwalo, okuncane.
Ukuqondisa kokukhula, amagatsha asebenzisa amasu ambalwa: ukuhlukaniswa kocingo, ukudonsa kwezimpahla noma ukushaya izimpande. I-wire ingcono ukusebenzisa ithusi, ipulasitiki, i-ancoud kahle, ingafakwa kumbala we-crust. Ububanzi bayo kufanele kube cishe ngo-1/3 ubukhulu begatsha noma isiqu. Sisebenzisa kuphela ucingo endaweni eyodwa - ukusuka esiqwini kuya emagatsheni, endaweni engamagatsha angama-45. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu somsebenzi - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqothuka kwezinso, noma ngaphambi kokuthula kobusika, khona-ke isitshalo sine Ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwe-bonsai, ucingo luhlelwe isikhathi esivela enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwenye iminyaka nengxenye. Uma ungakaze uthole ukuqaliswa kwalowo msebenzi, ukuzijwayeza emagatsheni nakumahlumela alethwe ehlathini.
Amahlamvu anoma yiliphi i-bonsai kufanele abe ngombala ongajulile, mkhulu, agqibe ngombala. Imigwaqo yokwehla ngosayizi wamaqabunga itholakala ngokususa ipuleti lephepha kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Amaqabunga asuswa ngokuphelele, eshiya kuphela ucezu lwesilwane. Ngemuva kwesikhashana ngemuva kokuncipha, isitshalo futhi sinama uphawu, sizosinda "entwasahlobo yesibili". Le ndlela isetshenziselwa kuphela izitshalo ezinempilo futhi ayisetshenziselwa ukuqhakaza izimbali, izithelo ne-coniferous.
Isihe
Imisebenzi esemqoka yokunakekelwa kwemifino ye-miniature-neeth yokunisela, ukondla okufika ngesikhathi, izinwele zezinwele izikhathi 2-3 ngonyaka nokufakelwa ngezikhathi ezithile - kanye eminyakeni embalwa. Lapho kwakheka futhi kushiya i-bonsai idinga isethi ephelele yamathuluzi: ishubhu le-secture, eligobile lamagatsha wokunquma, izimbozo zomsebenzi ohlukile, izingwegwe zezimpande ezisheshayo, amalungiselelo okhuni oluthuthukile (uma wenza i-bonsai ngesitayela se "Izinkuni ezifile") It .p. Ubukhulu bamathuluzi buxhomeke ngosayizi wesihlahla.
Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele ifakwe umswakama ngokuphelele, ukuchelela okulandelayo kwenziwa ngemuva kokomisa. Amanzi wamanzi anconyelwa ukunqotshwa ngaphambi kwamahora ambalwa, futhi uma iqukethe usawoti omningi, ukuhlunga. Nisela i-bonsai yamazinga okushisa egumbi lamanzi, akunakusho ukuthi izitshalo ezishisayo ezibandayo kulokhu zingafa. Iziqukathi zeBonsai kumele zibe nezimbobo ezinkulu zokudonsa amanzi (1.5-0 cm ububanzi) nemilenze emincane. Isitsha sivame ukufakwa kwi-pallet, ungqimba womoya phakathi kokuphansi kwesitsha kanti ingaphezulu le-pallet libophekile, ukuze amanzi amaningi ageleze esitsheni. Izitshalo zinconyelwe ukugcina kude namadivayisi wokushisa kanye nokusalungiswa.
Kwezinhlobo eziningi (ikakhulukazi eziphansi kanye ne-mitt, iminqumo, ama-pomegranate, i-orvemary idr., Kanye nezihlahla eziphakathi nendawo), ubusika bokuphumula lapho isitshalo silele. Isikhathi se-WTO SONSAI kufanele sigcinwe emazingeni okushisa avela ku-ku-ku-10-15 (kuya ngohlobo) oluvikelwe emoyeni kanye nokuqondisa ama-loggia afudumele, kuvulandi noma egalaji. Kuliqiniso, izakhiwo ezimnyama ezinjengegaraji zilungele kuphela izitshalo eziqinile, izitshalo ezingama-coniferous futhi ebusika zidinga ukukhanya. Ukunisela ngesikhathi sasebusika kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Isikhathi sesikhathi sokuphumula sincike ezinhlotsheni ezithile. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngophayini wehlathi elijwayelekile, kuyadingeka cishe izinsuku eziyi-150 ezinamazinga okushisa amabi. Uma uncisha isihlahla sobusika esinjalo, khona-ke eminyakeni emi-2-3 izokufa. Ukuhlupha, kunalokho, isikhathi sokuthula sasebusika sifushane kakhulu, izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 endaweni yokushisa ka + 5-10 ° C.
Isikhathi sokuthula okujulile sibaluleke kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa okuzuzisayo kwesitshalo ngesizini ezayo kuncike kukho. Ukulungiselela i-bonsai ebusika, ungachithi unqunu ngemuva maphakathi no-Agasti. Ekuqaleni, ungasebenzisi umanyolo ocebile womanyolo ocebile, futhi ngoSepthemba, ukondla umanyolo wakho wesilwane ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium ne-phosphorus, kunomthelela ekumelaneni nesithwathwa. Isikhathi sasebusika ebusika osele, izinhlobo ezingezona zobusika (ikakhulukazi zivela ezitolo ezishisayo) zizodinga ukugqamisa i-phytolampa.
Kanye iminyaka embalwa, iBonnsai kumele idluliselwe ibe umthamo omkhulu (cishe ama-2 cm amakhulu ububanzi futhi ijule kakhulu kunangaphambili). Iziqukathi zivame ukuzuza ngokushesha njengesethi ephelele - zenziwa ngesitayela esisodwa futhi zingena komunye nomunye, njenge-matrykam. Izimpawu zesidingo esiphuthumayo sokufakelwa kungaba yizimpande ezivela ezimbonini zokudonsa noma ukugcwalisa ilangabi ngokuphelele. I-Young BonsanaI yobudala obukhulu eminyakeni emi-3-4 ivame ukutshalwa kabusha ngonyaka, izitshalo eziningi zabantu abadala - kanye njalo ngeminyaka emithathu, nezihlahla ezifinyelele eminyakeni eminingi engamashumi amathathu, ngisho neminyaka engaphezu kwe-10-16. Isikhathi esifanelekile sale nqubo yintwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo ziqala izimila ezisebenzayo. AmaHebses avela ezindlini ezifudumele zalezi zikhathi ngonyaka zingaba eziningana, futhi zonke zilungele ngokulinganayo ukufakelwa.
Izitayela ze-Bonsai zomhlaba amaningi
Ukuchazwa kweBonsai
IBonsai ingumbuso wobuhle nobuhlakani bemvelo, umkhathi omncane. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo ngasinye kufanele sibubonise ngokuqinile ngawodwana, hhayi ukuxhumana nabanye. Konke ukunakwa kukhokhelwe kuye kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo ngasinye sinesikhathi saso sokuhlobisa okukhulu nokuheha. Ngakho-ke, ipomegranate ne-azaleas kufakwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isixha sokuwa, lapho amagatsha embozwe ngamaqabunga aphuzi, i-maple yiminyaka emithathu ebusika, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, ukukhombisa isakhiwo esihle kakhulu Wamagatsha awo, kanye neMaple Palsatums - entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, lapho amahlamvu ephula umlilo obomvu.
I-Alpony of Bonsai itshalwa emgwaqweni, indlu ibuye inanye kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngamaholide noma ukufika kwezivakashi (ngesikhathi sokuchazwa, isitshalo asinamanzi). I-niche-toconomom ekhethekile yakhelwe umboniso, lapho kukhona khona itafula eline-bonsai. Ama-mini-bonsoids okuphakama kwe-10-15 noma kuphela 1.5-33 aboniswa ezihlahleni, futhi isitsha ngasinye singamela etafuleni laso elincane.
Ngokusho kwe-Classic Japan Canons, isitshalo ngasinye sinehlangothi lobuso - ngesikhathi sombukiso, kubhekiswe kumbukeli. Yakhe iBonsanai "ubuso" ukunquma elula, isiqu, i-plexus enkulu yamagatsha ibonakala kahle, idonswa ngokusobala ukugoba kakhulu. Lesi sihlahla sibonakala sikhothame kumbukeli: Okokuqala, ngenhla nje kwesisekelo, isiqu sizohlulwa emuva, futhi phezulu kwaso kuzobe kugujwa phambili ngokwamukelwa - okwamukelwa empumalanga. Uhlangothi lwe- "Parade" lunqunywa ekuqaleni kokwakheka kwesihlahla esincane futhi konke ukunqunywa okulandelayo kwenziwa, kunikezwe indawo yayo.
IVevecé, lapho ama-Interiors akuvamisile ukuhlotshiswa ngemibono yombukiso ngendlela yaseJapan nalapho ukulinyelwa kwe-Indoor Bonsai kuvamile, isiko lokubuyekezwa okuyindilinga lithuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo azinalo "ubuso" obucacile lapha. I-Bonsai ingafakwa, ngokwesibonelo, enkabeni yehholo, etafuleni elihlukile. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuthi imvelo evunyelwe ukugcizelela lonke lolohlo lwesihlahla se-miniature. Ithebula lokuboniswa lilula kakhulu: indawo yokhuni, embozwe ngephepha elinemibala ekhilimu, umakethi noma i-peton puton pumelelo. Ukunakwa kwesibukeli akufanele kuphazanyiswe ukuma kwangaphandle noma ama-napkin afekethisiwe. Isizinda esijwayelekile futhi sikhanya futhi singenakuqhathaniswa, simhlophe, beige noma mpunga ukuze i-silhouette yesitshalo idonswe ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma iBonsai embalwa iboniswa egumbini, kufanele icatshangwe.
Izitshalo zizwela kakhulu ukunakwa ngabantu futhi ziphendule, kwesinye isikhathi ngokushesha, futhi kwesinye isikhathi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kuboniswa, ukutshala iBonsanai kubhekwe ikakhulukazi kubantu abavuthiwe, ngokubuka komhlaba okuvele kwakhiwe kanye nesimo sengqondo esimisiwe ngokuphila.
Abahleli babonga inkampani "Victoria 2001", u-Alexander Vinyara noMongameli Bonsai Club kuma-GBS. N.V. UTamar Belousov Tamar Tamar Belousov ngosizo lokupheka.