Ugesi enkonzweni yabantu - izesekeli ze-wiring, i-RCD, izinto zokubala, ama-design kanye nokufakwa.
Isibonelo sokufakwa kwe-boiler kagesi efulethini: Ilokhi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi "icashe ngemuva kwesikrini", kepha ukufinyelela kuyo akunqunyelwe.
Kusukela kwasungulwa kwesibani sokukhanya kobunjiniyela sikagesi kuqhubeka nezinyathelo eziyisikhombisa. Namuhla asicabangi impilo ngaphandle kukagesi. I-Avto, ngaphezu kwenduduzo nezinto, ithwala futhi isongela. Ingozi, okokuqala, ihlotshaniswa nethuba lokunqoba abantu kuze kube manje, kwelesibili - elinomlilo ovela ekusebenzeni kahle kwemishini kagesi ne-wiring, ukungasaphathwa ukwehluleka kwemishini ebizayo yasendlini. Kepha konke lokhu kungagwemeka uma kusebenza kahle futhi kusebenza ngesikhathi esifanele izinyathelo zokuvikelwa.
Ungacabangi ukuthi kuphela ugesi onganaki okwazi ukungezwani. Ngamunye wethu angathola ukushaya kukagesi kwamanje, futhi kulokhu akudingekile ukuthi akhuphukele ku-camshaft noma ajike izintambo. Ukushaywa okubucayi kulula ukuthola, ukuthinta izinto ezijwayelekile zasendlini, esiqandisini, umshini wokuwasha.d.d. Uma ukufakwa kocingo okuthwala khona kwamanje kuphukile, umzimba wohlelo lokusebenza kagesi ungafakwa esikhundleni. Akunasisekelo, esimweni sokuthinta le divayisi, cishe kuzoshaya leli thuluzi. Kusho ukuthi ngenhloso yokuphepha kukagesi (okwakhe namakhaya abo), okokuqala, banakekele umhlabathi.
Okwesibili, kusuka ekugcwalisweni kwenethiwekhi ngenxa yokufakwa kwenani elikhulu lemishini kagesi kanye nomjikelezo omfushane (lokhu kuyicala elibi kakhulu) Abaphuluki bendabuko bendabuko bagcinwa, ama-progenitors awo ayengama-traffic jams.
Ekugcineni, umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani ekulimaleni okungathi sína, uma uthinte umqhubi wengxabano, futhi uNkulunkulu wenqabela egumbini elimanzi. Ikak Gwema umlilo, okuwumphumela wokuvuza kwamanje. Amadivaysi akhethekile avikelwe (i-RCO) eza ukutakula, abona ukuvuza okuncane kwamanje futhi aphazamise amandla okunikezwa kwawo wonke amafulethi noma ahlukanise izintambo ezithwala njengamanje.
Kufakwe ohlwini ngenhla kwedivaysi, isisekelo kanye nemitha eligunyaziwe (ngaphandle kwalo, inkampani yamandla ngeke inikeze amandla ama-voltage) ifakwe kuphaneli kagesi efakwe namuhla kuwo wonke amakamelo (ama-stair cell) namakhethini. Izindleko "zokugcwalisa" kwalesi sikhiya lapho kulungiswa khona izindlu ngemishini kagesi nokunakekela impilo yabo kanye nempilo yabo kungaba ngamakhulu amadola. Ukulondolozwa Kwezokuphepha kuvame ukubiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuthi kulokhu kubuyekezwa sikwazi ukukwazisa ngohlu oluphelele lwezimali namadivayisi aphikisa izingozi zikagesi.
Kuenhlabathini
Njengoba sesikhulumile, isisekelo sokuphepha kukagesi siyabekezela. Ifayela levidiyo liye kwithuluzi ngalinye elenzelwe i-220V, kungaba yi-Table Lamp noma i-TV, kufanele lisondele ku-Trust Conductor: Isigaba, zero futhi ukuvikela. Lesi sixazululo sesivele sijwayelekile futhi siya ngokuya sithatha indawo yohlelo lokuxhumana oluphelelwe yisikhathi ezimbili. Isigigaba (L), noma ekusetshenzisweni kwesigaba, ngumqhubi osebenzayo ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi nokondla umthengi. I-conductor yayo ipholisa umqhubi we-zero, ngenye indlela, i-zero ezisebenzayo (n), noma "ukungathathi hlangothi". I-ZERO ROOCROCTICE, noma "Ukuvikelwa kabusha okuvikelayo" (re), iqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo senethiwekhi. Kuyena, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa i-solate eluhlaza okotshani ophuzi.Uma ikhaya lakho lakhiwe ngemuva konyaka we-1998-1999, kungenzeka, ngokunokwenzeka, umqhubi we-zero ovikelayo athi, noma, njengoba "ekhethekile" ithi, ine-zero evikelayo. Endaweni, izintambo zezintambo zibekwa epaneli lokusabalalisa efulethini lakho: ekukhanyiseni - 2 komqhubi, isigaba kanye ne-zero (l + n); Iqembu ezisekelweni 3 zabaqhubi (l + n + pe); Iqembu ku-electroflit- 3 yomqhubi (l + n + pe). Okungukuthi, izintambo ezi-3 kufanele zibe ezitolo, zine-zero futhi zivikela (n no pe) ngaphandle kwecala zingaxhunyaniswa esiqeshini sokuxhumana esijwayelekile esihlangu.
Uma uhlala endlini yesakhiwo sangaphambilini, iminyaka yamashumi ayisikhombisa - amashumi ayisishiyagalombili, izero ezivikelayo ezitolo kungenzeka zingabi njalo. Uhlangothi oluqinile, isihlangu esiphansi, njengomthetho, esisekelo. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukumema ugesi kusuka ku-dhaz yendawo. Uyazi kahle ukuthi isisekelo esithembekile sisesihlangu, futhi uma kunesidingo, singase sibe nomqhubi we-zero owengeziwe kwelinye lamasekethe, ngokwesibonelo, ukuxhuma umshini wokuwasha.
Ngakho-ke, efulethini lasemadolobheni ngokwenqatshwa okuvikelayo noma kungaphansi kakhulu. Abanikazi be-avota bekhaya labo banokuthile okuzophula amakhanda abo.
Njengomthetho, ukuhanjiswa ezindlini ezinjalo kwenziwa ngomugqa wamandla womugqa wamandla, nesihlangu endlini asinasisekelo (futhi lokhu kumele kwenziwe!). Ngaphezu kwalokho, sebenzisa i-zero ezisebenzayo esebenza n-NOCR futhi njengoba umqhubi we-PEL ongazange amukeleke ngokuphelele. Lapho umugqa wokudluliswa komoya uphukile (ngokwesibonelo, isihlahla saqala) i-zero conductor (n) ingaba ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi. Lapho-ke inani elifanayo le-voltage lizovela kumfundisi ovikelayo PE (lapho izindlu zazo zonke izinto zikagesi zasendlini zixhunywe khona kulowo mbono), futhi kusuka ekuvikelweni kuzophenduka kube kubi! Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu emhlabathini ekotishi. Yini edingekayo kulokhu?
Okokuqala, ungasebenzisa amakhalensi emvelo akwazi ukuba yikho:
Amapayipi amanzi alethe namanye amapayipi ensimbi, ngaphandle kwamapayipi okuvuthayo uketshezi, amagesi ahlanganayo kanye nokuqhuma nokuxuba, indle nokushisa okuphakathi;
Amapayipi amnandi we-Wells;
I-Metal futhi yaqinisa izinhlaka zokhonkolo zezakhiwo nezakhiwo ezithintana nomhlaba.
Uma ithuba elinjalo likhona, kuhle ukwenza ukususwa kubo. Ukususwa kufakwe kuphela nge-welding, kuphela ingxenye edingekayo yesigaba sesiphambano esinikeziwe. Ukushaya umqhubi womgwaqo kusetshenziswa insimbi ye-strip ngesigaba okungenani esingu-48mm2 ngobukhulu okungenani be-4mm noma ekhoneni lensimbi ngokukhuluphala kweshalofu kungaphansi kwe-2,5mm. I-strip noma ekhoneni livinjelwe egumbini lapho i-contour of isethulo esuka emgqeni wensimbi ngesigaba esingu-24mm2 kanye nobukhulu okungenani be-3mm. Enye inketho: I-bolt ifakwe ku-strip (ekhoneni), umshayeli we-Copper unamathiselwe kulo (kusuka ku-2.5mm2), okuzoba ngumqhubi we-protor.
Uma indlu ingezinkuni, futhi akukho mapayipi, noma amapayipi, udinga ukwenza into yokufakelwa. Lona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzofanela ukuphonsa inhlabathi enkulu, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokubalwa kwezinye izilinganiso kanye nezilinganiso zokumelana kukagesi kwenhlabathi endaweni. Wonke lo msebenzi ungcono ukuphathisa ochwepheshe abafanelekayo.
Inhlangano yomhlaba okuvikelayo iyisinyathelo sokuqala kuphela ekunikezeni ukuphepha kukagesi kwabantu nasezindlini. Isinyathelo esilandelayo enhlanganweni evikelekile kungaba ngabaphukayo bejikelezo, noma, njengoba bavame ukubizwa kanjalo, i-automata.
Ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo
Okokuqala, siyaphawula ukuthi amasosi, ukushintshwa, okuzenzakalelayo, izinto zokubala kanye nemishini kagesi eminingi yokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kukhiqizwa ezinhlanganweni ezahlukahlukene. Sibiza abanye babo kuphela: ABB, i-AEG, KOPP, i-Busch-Jaeger Electro, i-Nokia (Gerrany
| Umenzi | ikhodi yomthengisi | Inani lezigxobo | Ikalwe njengamanje, futhi | I-KZ yamanje, KA | intengo, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abb. | S231RC16. | Single-pole | ishumi nesithupha | 4.5 | 129. |
| I-Legrand. | 6019. | Klaza Abashayeli abangu-2 (l + n) | ishumi nesithupha | 6. | 302.6 |
| 604805 lr | Single-pole | ishumi nesithupha | 6. | 110. | |
| Schneider Electric | Se 24403 multi 9 | Single-pole | ishumi nesithupha | 6. | 199. |
| Nokia. | I-5SQ21700KA10. | Single-pole | ishumi nesithupha | 4.5 | 125.3. |
| "I-IntellectroClekt" | Ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo | Single-pole | ishumi nesithupha | 4.5 | 45.5. |
| I-aeg | Ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo | Single-pole | ishumi nesithupha | 6. | 129. |
| I-Busch-Jaeger Electro | Hager ms140. | Single-pole | 40. | 6. | 107. |
| Ukuphahlanya | RCD. | Single-pole | ishumi nesithupha | 6. | 130. |
Abasekeli beSekethe (automata) - idivaysi eyaziwa kakhulu futhi evamile yokuvikela. Yakhelwe ukuvikela iketanga kusuka kumjikelezo omfushane nokulayisha ngokweqile. Bathathe imivimbo yokulahlwa kagesi engajwayelekile - eminyakeni engama-20-30 edlule. Namuhla, i-automata ifakwe ngomshini okhethekile okhethekile, owenza ngokuqondile ukuvulwa komjikelezo kagesi.
Iningi labaphuluki bezifunda zasekhaya elethulwe emakethe yaseRussia ahlanganisiwe. Banokukhishwa kwe-electromagnetic kanye nokushisa futhi bangazivikela ngasikhathi sinye kusuka ku-Network Overloads, futhi kusuka kumasekethe amafushane (KZ). Ukukhishwa kwe-electromagnetic kuyinto i-electromagnet ekwazi ukuvikela iketanga kusuka kumjikelezo omfushane lapho kukhuphuka khona amanani wamanje kumanani abucayi, izikhathi ezingama-5-10 (isigaba C) ezidlula izinkomba ezingokwedlule. Umshini kufanele ucishe iketanga ngokulandelana kwemizuzwana engu-0.01. Ukukhishwa kwe-Thermal - ipuleti le-bimetallic, ukuguqula ukwakheka kwalo lapho kufuthelwa. Le nto ixwayisa kakhulu kakhulu, ihambisana nokushisa okukhulu kwabaqhubi abanohlonze abakwazi ukunganaki. Umshini onenqubo enjalo enomthwalo weqa inani eliphakeme ngo-13% kufanele ucime iketanga ihora.
Luhlobo luni lwengozi ye-Electrical Electrical yamanje kanye nemiphumela yokunqotshwa kwazo kumuntu?
Ubungozi bokuchayeka kwamanje kagesi buxhomeke ezicini ezimbili:
isikhathi sokugeleza samanje ngomzimba womuntu;
Amabutho akhona manje.
Lezi zinto azixhumekile zinye, ugesi uzoba mkhulu noma uphansi, kuya ngenani ngalinye lazo.
Ukuhlola izinga lengozi, amajika ezinguquko zamapharamitha amabili wenani lamandla wamanje nesikhathi sokuvezwa kunqunywa. Amagrafu akhonjiswa esithombeni.
Izindawo eziyingozi zabantu ngokuya ngemiphumela yomzimba kagesi yamanje:
I-AC1 imvamisa ayisabele;
AC2- Ayikho imiphumela eyingozi yomzimba;
Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo okuguqukayo kwenhliziyo kuyanda ngokwengeziwe nesikhathi esandayo samanje nokuvezwa;
Ukwephulwa kokwephulwa komzimba, okufana nokuma kwenhliziyo, ukumiswa kokuphefumula, ukushiswa okunzima.
Inani lokugeleza kwamanje okuyingozi ngomzimba womuntu kulinganiselwa kanjena: Ukuthinta okuqondile ezingxenyeni ezikhiqizwayo kumandla kagesi acishe abe ngu-220V, kuhlose ukumelana nomzimba womuntu, kujwayelekile (Ngenguqulo engathandeki kakhulu endleleni yokugeleza / Foot). Lapho-ke okwamanje kutholakala njengamanje okulingana nama-220 Ma. Lokhu kungugesi onzima, odinga ukusatshalaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha.
Ngokuya ngesici sokuphendula, abaphuluki besekelwe bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu: B, C no-D. Ukuvikela amanethiwekhi emkhakheni wezindlu kanye nomkhakha womphakathi, njengomthetho, izigaba, zenzelwe imijikelezo yesekethe emfushane, yiziphi izikhathi ezingama-5-10 ngaphezulu ezilinganiswe amanani wamanje. Imishini yalesi sigaba ingasetshenziswa futhi kumasekhethi aphakela ama-motors kagesi, amaphampu. Imvamisa empilweni yansuku zonke, kusetshenziswa izigaba ezibucayi ze-B ezibucayi. Zibangelwa ama-currents, izikhathi ezi-3-5 zikhulu kunenani eliphakeme, futhi zisetshenziswa kuma-elekthronikhi.
Amadivayisi azo zombili lezi zigaba akhiqizwa ngenani le-par angu-6, 10, 13, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50 no-63a. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inani eliphakeme lomshini likhethiwe ngokususelwa kumthwalo wamanje ovumelekile wabaqhubi. Okungukuthi, ukuxhumana kwezimpawu zomshini nezingxenye zabaqhubi bamandla adliwayo, okubekwe kuphrojekthi yokufakwa kukagesi kwendlu noma efulethini.
Kukhona okukodwa, okubili- kanye nokushintshwa kwezinye ezintathu. Owokuqala wabeka ekuvulekeni kwesigaba (izintambo ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi), futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emafulethini nasezindlini. Ngaphansi kuvame ukufaka izigxobo ezimbili, ezikhutshazwe hhayi esigabeni kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-zero wire. I-Atrech-, imishini emine yezenzelwe i-liner yesigaba ezintathu ene-voltage ka-380V, lapho izintambo zesigaba ezintathu zima khona kukhebula elilodwa, i-zero eyodwa ye-zero kanye nokuvikela eyodwa.
Iphutha elijwayelekile - ukusetshenziswa komshini one-trigger yamanje. Empeleni, akusona ngisho nephutha, kepha ukwephulwa. Isibonelo, endlini endala ene-wiring emnyama, indawo ephumayo ivikela umshini e-10a, futhi umnikazi wefulethi uthola i-kettle kagesi yanamuhla ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla ka-2.2 kW futhi kufaka phakathi. Kwenzakalani? Umshini uyasebenza. Umnikazi, akasacabangi, uthatha indawo yomshini kwabanye, ngokusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu kokuhlinzwa - ku-16a, bese kuthi-ke ku-25A (yini isandla). Ngemuva kwalokho, "kungqongqoza" umshini ngeke ube. Kepha inethiwekhi ebengenzelwe ukuthi ama-Curents anjalo azoqala ukusebenza ngokulayishwa ngokweqile okukhulu. Abaqhubi bazokwehla. Uma unenhlanhla, umfutho wesifunda uzosebenza lapho, ngenxa yokuncibilika kwezintambo, kuzokwenzeka umjikelezo omfushane. Yize impilo ikhombisa ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo ekuqaleni imishayo yomlilo.
Amamodeli wanamuhla we-Automata anamathele kwisitimela esibizwa nge-DIN Rail, okuyibhasi elikhulayo le-35mm elibanzi, elihambisana nezinga elihlangene lamazwe omhlaba. Umkhakha we-Grow Brow imishini nakanjani uzophuma (futhi esevele esuswe) amadivaysi amahle afakwe kusetshenziswa izikulufa.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-automata, okokuqala, ukuvikela amaketanga kagesi ekugcwalisweni ngokweqile. Imisinga yamanje yokushintshwa kokubalwa - kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-100a. Ukulalela umuntu kumqhubi weqhudelani ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi angama-220v ngokufakelwa okungafanele kwaleyo masinyane angahle kwenzeke. Uma ukumelana komzimba womuntu kungcwelisiwe kuthathwe kuthathwe kulingane no-1000 ohms (lapho kuhamba njengamanje kuhamba amanje / unyawo), khona-ke ukudlula kwamanje komzimba kutholakala kulingana no-220 Ma. Kumuntu, lokhu kungugesi onzima, umshini awuboni leli nani njengenani elifushane lokujikeleza kanye nesifunda asicimi. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela umuntu ekulimaleni ngengozi kugesi wamanje, kudingeka idivaysi ehlukile - iyithuluzi lokuvala elivikelayo.
Ukunqatshelwa okuvikelwe kanye nemishini ehlukile
Ukuqaliswa kwabo okusebenzayo ngokuzilolonga okubanzi kwaqala emashumini ayisithupha naseminyakeni eyikhulu edlule emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, eJapan naseMelika nase-United States. Kuze kube manje, omunye omncane wazo zonke izikhungo zamandla kagesi ezaziwayo, ezingenakuqinisekisa kuphela ukuvikela komuntu kusuka kugesi, kodwa futhi angaphunyuka emlilweni kanye nemililo ngenxa yemishini kagesi nemishini kagesi. Ngezindlela eziningi, ngenxa yalokhu izinkampani zomshuwalense ekuhloleni ubungozi bokunquma inani lomshuwalense kufanele libheke amadivaysi okuvala okuvikela kanye nesimo sawo sezobuchwepheshe.| Umenzi | Isifanekiso | Inani lezigxobo | Ikalwe njengamanje, futhi | Umehluko wamanje, ma | Uhlobo | intengo, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abb. | DS 941 C25. | 1p + N. | 25. | amashumi amathathu | R | 1798.5 |
| I-Legrand. | 7886. | 1p + N. | ishumi nesithupha | amashumi amathathu | R | 1407. |
| SE 19665 Multi 9 | 1p + N. | ishumi nesithupha | amashumi amathathu | R | Ngo-1936. | |
| ISshneider Electric. | Sea 11474 "House" | 1p + N. | 25. | amashumi amathathu | R | 1427. |
| Nokia. | 5SU13531KV16. | 1p + N. | ishumi nesithupha | amashumi amathathu | R | 1075. |
| 5SU13531kv40. | 1p + N. | 40. | amashumi amathathu | R | 1075. | |
| Ukuphahlanya | I-MSV | 1p + N. | ishumi nesithupha | amashumi amathathu | R | 1669. |
| I-Busch-Jaeger Electro | Hager ad007a | 1p + N. | ishumi nesithupha | amashumi amathathu | R | 829. |
| Umenzi | Isifanekiso | Inani lezigxobo | Ikalwe njengamanje, futhi | Umehluko wamanje, ma | Uhlobo | intengo, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abb. | F 362. | Ezimbili-pole | 25. | amashumi amathathu | R | 1198.5 |
| F 372. | Ezimbili-pole | 25. | amashumi amathathu | Kepha | Ngo-1866.7 | |
| I-Legrand. | I-LR 602 136. | Ezimbili-pole | 25. | amashumi amathathu | R | 876. |
| 8909. | Ezimbili-pole | 25. | amashumi amathathu | R | 990. | |
| Schneider. | Se 11450. | Ezimbili-pole | 25. | amashumi amathathu | R | 906. |
| Nokia. | I-5SM13140. | Ezimbili-pole | 25. | amashumi amathathu | R | 938. |
| Ukuphahlanya | RCD. | Ezimbili-pole | 25. | amashumi amathathu | R | 1243. |
Okungeziwe kutholakala ku-inthanethi, kubalwa kuma-voltages amabili alinganiselwe (inani elisebenzayo le-voltage, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwensiza kuqinisekiswa) - 220 no-380v, kanye nemisinga edumile ngo-6; ishumi nesithupha; 25; 40; 63; 80; I-100; I-125a, okuyinto ehlenge isikhathi eside. Ngokusobala, ukukhethwa kwensiza epharamitha yokuqala kuncike ekutheni amavolutela kunethiwekhi yakho, ngenkathi okulinganiswayo kunqunywa ngamandla asetshenziswa yimishini yasendlini ekhasini elivikelekile. Ukubalwa okulinganiselwayo kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwanikezwa i-athikili ethi "Ikhaya Lasekhaya".
Ukuxhumeka kwamanje okungokwehlukile okuhlukile kubaluleke kakhulu kumthengi iparamitha yokuvala evikelekile. Umbono we-stash wokubuka sikhuluma ngamandla we-veaswage yamanje, okubangela ukuvalwa kwe-UDO ngaphansi kwezimo ezisetshenzisiwe (0.006; 0,1,1,1,1; 0,5A). Lokho wukuthi, lapho kuthathwa khona okunjalo kokudonsa, iketanga lizoxosha ngokushesha. Amakamelo ama-wet, ikhabethe elihlanzekile, izindlu zokugezela kanye nokugeza, - Uma umugqa ohlukile uqokonyiswa kuwo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-RCD nge-10 MA Trigger yamanje. Amacala andisiwe, ngisho nasezisekelweni zomgwaqo, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-RCD nge-Operation of 30 Ma. Ngokwehlukana, ukwandisa izinga lokuvikelwa emlilweni lapho ungena efulethini noma endlini yomuntu ngamunye, ochwepheshe bancoma ukufaka i-RCD ngokusebenza kwamanje kwe-300 Ma.
Ukwethenjwa kanye nekhwalithi ye-UZO kunqunywa yi-Cure Ciwupha yamanje - 3000, 4500, 6000, 10,000A (Le pharamitha kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ukumelana nemijikelezo emfushane"). Ukuphakama kwenani elishiwoyo, okuthembekile ngokwengeziwe idivaysi yakho yokuvala ngokuvikela.
Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-UZO.
Uma kwenzeka ukuvuza, kwakha khona lapho kukhanya okusemqoka kwenzeka (kusukela kuma-currents akhona kulabo abaqhubi n no-l awalingani futhi amasimu abo anxephezelwe). Inani lalesi samanje lihlolwe ukudluliselwa komehluko K2 wamanje. Lapho umkhawulo othile, ukudluliswa kwenani kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-chain.
Idivaysi ehlukile (i-UZO) ihlala iqhathanise ukugeleza kwamanje ngocingo lwesigaba (ku-electroppoode), ngokugeleza kwamanje ngokusebenzisa "ukungathathi hlangothi" (kusuka ku-application kagesi). Endabeni lapho umehluko walezi zimali ufinyelela inani elisongela impilo, insiza icisha i-Supply Voltage. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umuntu eza ngocingo olungenalutho noma ohlelekile kagesi olunephutha futhi ngalo 'emhlabathini' ehamba njengamanje, azovela umehluko emisindweni (ukuvuza). Idivaysi idala ngokushesha futhi icimeze u-voltage chain. Futhi isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-UZO sincane kakhulu kangangokuba amanje ngeke abe nesikhathi sokulimaza impilo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamadivayisi wokukhubaza wokwehluka: AC no-A. Umehluko phakathi kwabo ulele ekuboneni kwalawa madivayisi okuvela ngqo kwenethiwekhi evamile ngaphansi kwethonya lezemishini yasendlini. I-AU Type Udo inokuqokwa okukhethekile ezindlini ze-sinusoid kunxande. Kuyazwela kuphela ukuguquguquka (i-simousoidal) ukuvuza kwamanje, ngenkathi imishini yokuwasha ngejubane lomlawuli wejubane, imithombo yokukhanya eguqukayo, amakhompyutha amavidiyo, amakhompyutha, i-sinusoid ehlanekezelwe, imithombo yokudonswa kwamanje. Izimo Zokusakaza Zohlobo lwe-UZO lwe-AC RAWEPLY LEASTICT, okusho ukuthi amandla okuvikela umuntu ngokuthembekile kusuka ku-lesion kuze kube manje. Lapha, thayipha amadivaysi asabela kuwo womabili ama-variables kanye nomonakalo odonsa imisipha (imisinga yokuvuza enengxenye engapheli). I-UROZO enjalo ibiza kakhulu kune-UZOGE ye-AC, ngo-20-50%, kepha ngamaqembu ezinyawo, kanye namaqembu okukhanyisela, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyisebenzisa.
Amadivayisi wokuvalwa okuvikelayo wezinhlobo zombili (i-AC ne-A) ekhona ku-SAVIONT S (khetha) noma ekwakhiweni okujwayelekile. Ukubulawa kwe-S (Thayipha A noma i-AC) kusho ukuqhakambisa ngokubambezeleka kwesikhathi. Kusetshenziswe lapho udinga ukunikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphendula okubaluleke kakhulu kwamanye amadivaysi okuvikela noma automata.
Ungahlola ukusebenza kwe-UZO esanda kufakwa noma isikhathi eside ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Test", okukwiphaneli yangaphambili yamadivayisi amaningi (ngaphezu kwe-inthanethi ye-LEVEL). Uma uqhafaza kule nkinobho, ukunqamula okuhlukile kwamanje kwakhiwe. Uma i-UZO ilungile, kufanele icime. Abakhiqizi abanjalo bokuhlola banconywa njalo ngenyanga. Ngemuva kokuthi umfaniswano nokuxazulula inkinga kuyabangelwa, idivaysi iphinde ilethwe esimweni sokusebenza se-inversion lever.
Amadivaysi ahlukile avikelayo angafakwa kwikhabethe elikhona elikhona elikhona elikhona elikhona efulethini, idivaysi eyodwa enesilinganiso esingu-30 Ma sazo zonke izinkundla. Le nketho ishibhile, kepha ayivumeli ukunquma indawo yokuvuza, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho i-RCD ibangelwa khona, lonke ifulethi lihlala lingenasibani. Isinqumo esithuthukayo kakhulu, lapho kunengqondo ukulwela, ukufaka amadivaysi amaningi okuvikela emigqeni ngayinye. I-Way Case Wiring ihlukaniswe ngamagatsha azimele asebenzela amaqembu ahlukahlukene wabathengi. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuvumelanisa okunjalo: amagatsha ngamanye eqembu ngalinye lezinyawo, ekukhanyiseni, eqenjini lezimoto zamandla (umshini wokuwasha, isitofu sikagesi), igatsha elihlukile egumbini lokugezela kanye nokugeza.
Iqembu ngalinye kufanele libhekwe nguwephula umjikelezo kanye ne-UZO yalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iqembu ngalinye kufanele libekwe (lisukela esihlangu sokusabalalisa) socingo lwesigaba (1 kuya ku-30v noma 3 kuya ku-380v), ku-Pe. Ukuba khona kocingo oluseceleni oluhlukile, njengoba sesikhulumile, kwandisa izinga lokuphepha.
Ngale mininingwane, kungenzeka ukuthi ubone ngokugcwele ngokuzayo noma ukuvikelwa okukhethiwe, umgomo wazo ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi yiliphi idivaysi ebangela ukuvuza, bese ucisha kuphela. Okuhlangene (okukhohlisa okuhlukanisayo okuhlukile) okulandelayo okulandelayo kokufakwa kukagesi ekhaya elikuvikelekile kukhethwe esigabeni esingezansi (noma ngaphansi), kepha kungabi ngaphezulu! Ngamanye amagama, uma i-UZO, yenzelwe i-evuza yamanje yama-30 Ma, isethwe efulethini, bese kuthi i-UZO, inhlonyelwe umshini wokugezela, ikhishi noma umshini wokuwasha ngokwahlukana, kufanele ibelwe ngo-10 noma ama-6 ma. Lapho lesi simo sigcwaliseka esimweni esibucayi, idivaysi evikelayo izokwenziwa, eduze kwesayithi lephutha. Isibonelo, lapho ukungasebenzi kahle esitofini sikagesi kuzosebenza i-RCD esisekelweni sogesi sikagesi. Yonke eminye imigqa, kufaka phakathi ukukhanyisa, izohlala kwimodi yokusebenza. Ukuvikela ngaphambi kwento, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kusebenza kuqala, i-UZO ifakwe kudivayisi yesingeniso-camshay, esebenza ngokubambezeleka kwesikhathi (cishe nge-0.1-0.5 Seconds), okungukuthi, i-RCD ekusetshenzisweni okukhethiwe.
Ngenkathi evikela ngokumelene nemisinga yokuvuza, i-RCD inobungcweti obuncane futhi ayinandlela engabuyiseli umfutho wesifunda. Ukuvikelwa kokugcwala ngokweqile noma umjikelezo omfushane kuwukubhidliza kwesekethe eziguquguqukayo, okumele kufakwe ukuvikela umjikelezo kagesi kanye nedivayisi ehlukile uqobo. Isibonelo, i-UZO enomhlaseli osebenza kwamanje we-25A kumele ivikelwe ngumshini, ongenayo ngaphezulu kwe-25A.
Ukuze ungabi nesidingo sokuthenga ama-automata amaningi kanye ne-UZO, abakhiqizi badale futhi bakhiphe amadivayisi ngokuvikelwa okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe kanye nemishini ehlukile. Lolu uhlobo lwe-hybrid ye-breaker yesekethe kanye ne-uzo esimweni esisodwa. Isibonelo samadivayisi anjalo singasebenza njengochungechunge oluningi oluvela kuSchneider, RCD kusuka ku-Kopp, DS 941 kusuka ku-ABB, kanye nemishini yeLegrand. Futhi okwedlule ngisho namaphakethe epulasitiki asobala ukuze kube lula ukumaka iketanga elivikelwe. Ukuba khona kwe-automata ehlukile emakethe kusebenze kakhulu impilo yabathengi manje abangacabangi ngokuvumelanisa kwamapharamitha kagesi we-UZO kanye nokwephula umjikelezo.
I-automaton ehlukile ivula umjikelezo kagesi lapho ivezwa yiphi lezici zephutha ezintathu:
umjikelezo omfushane (amakhoyili nge-core asabela kuyo);
ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamanje (amapuleti e-bimetallic okubangelwa);
Ukuvuza okuhlukile kwamanje (kulokhu, ukukhishwa kwe-magnetoelectric kusebenza).
2. Ukuxhuma into yabaqhubi abasebenza ngo-zero
3. Ukuxhumanisa okwenziwa yi-zero ozivikelekile
4. UZO for ukuvuza kwamanje
5. Ukushintshwa okuzenzakalelayo
6. I-RCD ekuvuzweni kwamanje kwe-10 MA
7. Imitha kagesi
8. Imigqa yamaketanga weqembu
Ukuvikelwa ekudumeni nasekuphoqekeni ngokweqile. Ukukhishwa kwempahla
I-OvervolTage ingamandla amakhulu e-voltage yenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi, gxuma i-voltage lapho kugadla imibani (kungafinyelela ku-15 kv). Ukuqunjelwa ngokweqile futhi, ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinsimbi, imishini nezinsimbi, imililo kungenzeka kunethiwekhi kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:Umthelela oqondile wokukhishwa komkhathi ophakeme, emaphoyinti we-Direct Lightning Point, kukhona okukhona okukhona ekwenzeni izinto.
Qondisa ngokubhekisisa endaweni eyodwa. Iyakwazi ukubangela amandla ama-overvoltages kusuka kude kusuka kumamitha angama-mats ambalwa kuya kumakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka esigabeni sombani. Ukusakaza ama-grids wamandla, amapayipi, umfutho wokugcwala ngokweqile uwela ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo futhi ubonise imishini kagesi.
Punch umbani emhlabathini. Ukuhlinzwa kweSurge kumqhubi wesisekelo kungasakazeka ngokulandela.
Ukungena kokusebenza kwama-motors kagesi (kuma-liftetors wezakhiwo zamafulethi, amaphampu) kungenzeka avele kunethiwekhi yezindlu eziphakeme zemvelaphi engeyona eyenziwe ngamandla.
I-overvoltage phakathi kwegridi yamandla futhi umhlaba ungakhubaza ngokuphelele ukuvikela kukagesi. Ukuqunjelwa okwenzeka phakathi komqhubi wesigigaba futhi "ukungathathi hlangothi" kulimaza imishini kagesi kagesi (imishini yevidiyo yomsindo namakhompyutha). Endabeni, leli cala lisusa ukuvalwa okuvikelayo lapho i-voltage idlulwa kunethiwekhi. Amadivayisi avumela ukuvalwa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi abaThatheli (noma abalinganiselwe kakhulu). Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokukhipha ukuphoqa ukuxubha okuvela ngaphezulu emhlabathini, ngakho-ke, esimweni sedivayisi, kungenzeka ukuthi uxhume umqhubi wesisekelo ngesigaba se-10mm2 noma ngaphezulu. Ababhali bafakwa ngokushesha ngemuva kwe-Fear circuit Breaker futhi bavunyelwe ukuxhumeka ku-ukuphela "komhlaba" kwephaneli kagesi.
Bonke ababhali banenkomba yesimo yokusebenza. Ngemuva kokudala okukodwa noma okubili (kugadla imibani), idivaysi evela ku-ABB naseSchneider ingaphansi kokunye, okuzokhombisa ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-LED kwiphaneli yangaphambili. Ukufunda kwalaba basebenzi, amadivaysi e-legrand aqukethe imodyuli eyisisekelo kanye nemodyuli yokusebenza. Lokhu kulula kakhulu kubasebenzi abane-ezine kwinethiwekhi eyenzelwe i-380V (ukuvikela izigaba ezintathu kanye nokubeka izisekelo), ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi esikhundleni samamojula amane kuphela.
Phakathi kwamadivayisi abakhiqizi baseRussia, ababhali balohlobo lwe-Opn-12 / 0.4 yenkampani "Astro-UZO" ayaziwa. Kubalwa inani eliphakeme lamanje lifinyelela ku-10 ka kanye ne-voltage lifinyelela ku-1200V, bavumela ukunciphisa amandla okugcwala ngenani eliphephile lapho kungafaniswa khona okwenziwe ngogesi.
Iseluleko Esiwusizo
Ungagcini kumqhubi. Ikhebula elikhethwe kahle (ucingo) oluvela kwithusi ngeke luvikele noma yiziphi izimanga, iminyaka engama-50 ungalala kahle.
Akumukeleki ngokuphelele ukuxhuma ngqo ithusi ne-aluminium, sebenzisa amaphakethe wokubeka.
Awukwazi ukungonga kwimishini yokuvikela. Umshini omuhle, umshini wokujikeleza noma wokuhlukanisa awunakubiza okushibhile.
Gwema ukuxhuma abaqhubi bama-voltage bakwa-multi-volstage ngaphansi kwesikulufa (ngokwesibonelo, kumamitha).
Lapho usebenzisa inethiwekhi yesigaba ezintathu ukuze uqinise imishini, i-zero esebenza ngakunye kufanele ibheke esigabeni ngasinye.
Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela amakhefu emgwaqweni omkhulu womhlaba. Konke ukuxhumana kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokufana, ngaphandle kokulimaza umugqa omkhulu oyisisekelo.
Amagama ambalwa mayelana namamitha kagesi
Njengomthetho, abakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe abakhiqiza amadivaysi okufakwa kujantshi be-DIN kumele bafakwe kuhlu lwemodeli layo lezinsimbi zikagesi - ama-Ammeter, amavoluti kanye nezinto zokubala kagesi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga imitha kagesi yenhlangano ebhekene nawe, kuyadingeka ukuthola umphakeli wendawo womhlinzeki kagesi - "Ukuthengiswa kwamandla" ekufakweni kwalo efulethini lakho noma endlini. Ama-APACKS WAMA-Electric Meters asanda kufakwa engena imali esele yenhlangano enjalo, ibheka ngokweqile, ithatha izibopho zokulungiswa kwayo, bese zonke izinhlobo zamamitha kagesi, zivele ziqinisekiswe futhi ngemuva nje kokuphothula okuphumelelayo kunconyelwa ukusetshenziswa okusakazekile.Amamitha kagesi asekhaya "Asuct" (Moscow), i-Lamz (St. Petersburg), isitshalo se-Mytishchi Forer Forwer simelwe kakhulu emakethe. Ziyatholakala ngentengo futhi zifakwe esihlangu ngendlela yendabuko - kwizikulufo. Kepha namhlanje amamojula afakwe ku-Din Rail ahlukanise bonke abanye. Kungaba lula kakhulu ukuba nemitha kagesi enethuba lokufaka kwisitimela se-DIN, ngokwesibonelo, imodeli eqinisekisiwe ye-DAN 2902 Delta, okwakha izitshalo zaseMoscow "Metronik". Ngingathanda ukuqaphela ukuthi phakathi kwamamitha kagesi aseRussia afakiwe ku-DIN Rail. Lokhu, ake sithi imodeli yesigaba esisodwa se-CE 6807 B-1 kanye nesigaba esithathu CE 6807 B-2 Stavropol Plant "Eneromera".
| Umenzi | Isifanekiso | Ukufanisa | intengo, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-AVV. | Bl 531 D. | Faka umbala "Aluminium" ngohlaka lokupenda | 8601. |
| Stj bl 514 d | Faka umbala "I-Anthracite Metallic" | Ngo-1950. | |
| Bl 532 D. | Umugqa wezobuciko emnyango | 8754. | |
| Bl 533 D. | Umbala "i-burgundy metallic" ngohlaka lokupenda | 2158. | |
| Schneider. | Se 10331. | I-Opaque, iKhabhinethi ebekiwe "Indlu" | 207.6 |
| Se 10305. | Esobala, ekhiyeni elishumekiwe "indlu" | 207.6 |
| Umenzi | Isifanekiso | Ukufanisa | intengo, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-AVV. | DAN 2502. | Bopha kabili, ikilasi 2, 220/400 v (65 a) | 12943. |
| DAN 2902. | I-Singletarithic, Class 2, 220/400 v (65 a) | 10200. | |
| Umfanekiso | Ngakho-505 | Isigaba esisodwa, amanani entengo eyodwa, ikilasi 2, 10-40 a | 645. |
| Co-ee6706 | I-Igarity eyodwa-Phase eyodwa, ikilasi 2, 10-40 a, Icala elibonakalayo | 645. | |
| "Energomer" | Ce 68 07 b | Ku-Din Rail, esigabeni esisodwa, amanani entengo eyodwa, 5-50 a | 1260. |
| CE 6803V. | Ku-Din Rail, Phase-Three-Phaser, Idarithric eyodwa, 10-100 a | 2628. | |
| Ifektri ye-mytishchinsky | CE 6807 B-1 | Isigaba esisodwa, amanani entengo eyodwa, ikilasi 2, 50 a | 975. |
| CE 6807 B. | Isigaba esisodwa, i-timer ezimbili, ikilasi 2, 50 a | 1178. | |
| I-CA4-I678. | Isigaba Esithathu, I-Idaric eyodwa, 50-100 a | 2309. |
Izihlangu Zokusabalalisa
Futhi manje, ekugcineni, safika ngesikhathi lapho isikimu sokuvikelwa kwegridi yamandla yekhaya lakho sesivele sikhethiwe, wonke amamojula avikelayo athengwe, inani labo kanye namamodeli anqunyelwe. Manje amadivayisi akha i-Scheme owakhelwe kuyo, udinga ukufaka endaweni ethile (Fihla). Kule nkampani iSchneider, i-Nokia, i-ABV nabanye abanye bakhiqiza ama-Pull Shield Hulls aqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu komsebenzisi futhi kufanelekile ngaphakathi kwendlu noma ekhaya. Isibonelo, u-Abb unikeza icala lepulasitiki lemodeli ye-13204 emakethe yaseRussia, enzelwe amabhlogo angu-12, lapho indawo ekhethekile ihlinzekelwe ukufakwa kwisikulufo semodeli ye-Russia ka-Russian kagesi So-505. Izindlu zazo zonke izihlangu zenziwa kusuka kupulasitiki yokuzihlola, ezingahambi kagesi. Ukuqanjwa kwezindlu okunjalo okukuqeda ngokuphelele ukufinyelela okungahleliwe kwezitho zamanje.
Izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe zisetshenziselwa lula ukufaka imishini yokufaka ezihlangu:
I-DIN Rails efakwe yonke imishini;
Amathayi esibulalayo - ukuze kube lula ukudonsa abaqhubi;
ikamu - ukulula kokushintsha amadivaysi athile afakiwe;
Ama-plugs aseceleni - izimboni ezivikelayo ezisebenza ukufaka izingxenye zangaphandle zangaphandle;
Amaphaneli wokuhlobisa-ahlobisa amboza ngokuphelele izintambo ezikhuphukayo ngaphakathi kwecala leKhabhinethi.
Amacala ezihlangu angahlinzekwa ekusebenzeni okufakiwe nokushumekiwe. Izindlu ezihlangene zifakwa odongeni futhi ziyasetshenziswa, njengomthetho, ngokuvulwa kwe-wiring. Izihlangu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zifakwe edongeni niche futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa i-wiring efihliwe. I-KCCupus ingathatha umnyango osobala noma we-matte nokhiye wokukhiya. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zeminyango yokuhlobisa abakhiya abayi-Ocker ngeke bashiye noma ngubani ongenandaba.
Lapho ukhetha i-boiler kagesi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kunconywa abakhiqizi, ukudala izimo ezinhle zemishini kagesi, ukuhlinzeka ngamaphesenti angama-30 wevolumu yamahhala ngaphakathi kwebhokisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuzayo, leli volumu elingavunyelwe lenza sikwazi ukusungula eminye imishini (lapho semanje igridi yamandla).
| Umenzi | Isifanekiso | Inani lamamojula | Ukufanisa | intengo, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISshneider. | Se 10322 "indlu" | 24. | Wangishaya, ngaphandle kweminyango | 390. |
| Se 13942 mini Pragma | 24. | Ikhabethe elishumekiwe, umnyango obonakalayo | I-800.6 | |
| Se 13912 mini Pragma | 24. | Ikhabethe elifingelwe, umnyango we-opaque | I-865.6 | |
| Nokia. | I-8GV11031. | 36. | Eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-wiring efihliwe | 1590. |
| I-8GV13011. | Okuqophele imali | I-Hinged, nge-Wiring evulekile | 596.7 | |
| I-8GV13031. | 36. | I-Hinged, nge-wiring evulekile | 1536.8 | |
| I-AVV. | 12044. | 24. | Eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ngomnyango ovundlile | 927. |
| 12742. | 2-4 | Isibhakela esibekwe odongeni ngomnyango ovundlile ovundlile, athuli, ngokufakwa kwangaphandle | 384.7 | |
| 13204. | Okuqophele imali | Ikhabethe elifihliwe, umnyango obonakalayo, indawo ye-meter co-505 | 1363. | |
| "I-Intermplekt" | I-SHRN-12Z. | Okuqophele imali | Ikhabethe lensimbi elinama-hinged ngelokhi | 397.5 |
Okufanele axhumane naye?
Muva nje, kube nezinhlobo eziningi ezibandakanyekile ekufakweni kwemishini kagesi nokwenza yonke inkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi kagesi. Ngokufaka esivumelwaneni esinenkampani enjalo, kufanele unake ubukhona belayisense eliqinisekiswe yi-Energnadzor.
Ukuxhuma izinto zasekhaya kunengqondo ukuxhumana nesikhungo sesevisi yomthengisi.
Ama-gaskets we-Adla womqhubi we-ZERO ovikelayo lapho exhunywe, ngokwesibonelo, umshini wokuwasha omusha, ngaphandle kwencazelo yokwenziwa okugcwele kwe-wiring efulethini, ungamema ummeleli wenhlangano yenkonzo (dez, wheck.d.
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani ye-crocus-trade kanye nehhovisi le-legrand eligunyaziwe eRussia ukuze lisize lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.