Izinyathelo zokuphepha komlilo ekhaya - Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Flame Retardant, izitebhisi zokuhlenga, izinhlobo zokucima umlilo.
1- KL-1,
"Endotherm";
2- "Fenilaks", "uSenzikh Ontebio Prof", "Pyrex", CSDA, CSD, Batings-1;
3- "Fenilaks", "Sezhezh Egrebio Prof", "Pyprex", CSDA, CSD, BATH-1, OZP-1, "I-Endoteram", "Ifayela le-EndotX";
4- "IProperm Styl", "Fieflex", "endotarm", OZP-1
Yakha indlu, njengoba wazi, uhhafu welungelo kuphela, kufanele usakwazi ukukuvikela. Isibonelo, kusuka enhlekeleleni enjalo, njengomlilo. Sinikezela lokhu kubuyekezwa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ngomlilo okuyisisekelo kanye namathuluzi okucisha umlilo okuqala okufanele abe kuwo wonke amakhaya.
Imbangela eyisisekelo imbangela yokunganakekeli
(UMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo)
Lapho kunesidingo sokunakekela ukuphepha komlilo ekhaya
Ukucabanga ngodaba lokuphepha ngomlilo, kuyadingeka esigabeni se- "Plan". Ngamanye amagama, ngalo mzuzu lapho uzokwakha noma yini. Kulesi sigaba, unquma indlu yezitini yokwakha noma yokhuni, yisiphi isisekelo okufanele siyenze, ukuthi siyini, kanjani futhi kanjani ukunciphisa ikusasa likagesi wasekhaya, ugesi, noma ukuhlela kahle egcekeni (Drill Well) noma Xhuma ku-Piperal Water Pipeline.D. Futhi ikhambi lezinkinga ngasinye kulezi zindlela ngenye indlela noma elinye elihlotshaniswa nokuphepha komlilo. Noma ungasoli ngakho.Isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukuphepha komlilo we-Cicility kuxazululwa khona yilo design. Amazinga okuphepha komlilo abekelwe iphrojekthi (snip21.01-97 * "Ukuphepha komlilo kwezakhiwo nezakhiwo", i-SNIP 2.08.01-89 * "Izakhiwo Zokuhlala"). Okusho ukuthi indawo yendlu maqondana nezakhiwo ezingomakhelwane, ukucushwa kwayo, izitezi, impahla kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindonga, ngaphezulu, ama-coatings, amathuba okubahunyushwa yi-.P. Izinkinga zokuphepha ngomlilo zixazululwa ngisho nasezigabeni, kubonakala sengathi zihlobene ngqo nazo: ugesi kanye nomoya omncane, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokukhucululwa kwendle. Isibonelo, nge "Ukufakwa ngogesi" kwesakhiwo, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukhiye wokukhetha isigaba sesiphambano sezintambo zikagesi maqondana nomthwalo ongaba khona, ukuhlinzeka nge-RCD ne-RCD nesetini. Futhi amaphutha kulezi "zifunda ezikhethekile" angaholela emlilweni. Ngakho-ke, okuningi kuncike ekutheni iphrojekthi yenziwa kahle kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi konke kulungile kuphrojekthi, kuyadingeka ukufaka kuphela amazinga okusebenza kuphela lapho uklama, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngezinga le-Reflex. Ngokwemvelo, izinsizakalo eziqeqeshiwe zibiza kakhulu kune- "amateur", kodwa wena, njengoba zisho, zizolala ngokuthula.
Unganciphisa kanjani amathuba omlilo uma indlu isivele yakhiwe?
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka:
yenza ukwelashwa kwe-flame retardant yezakhiwo zokwakha zokhuni nezensimbi;
Thenga amathuluzi okucisha umlilo okuyisisekelo (ukucisha umlilo, umlilo hoses it.p.);
hlinzeka ngezinyathelo zokuvikelwa ezingaqondile (ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo);
Zama ukunxephezela ukushiyeka kwephrojekthi, uma ikhona.
Kungani kubalulekile ukucabanga ngokuphepha komlilo esigabeni sokuklama?
Ngokwemininingwane yethu, njengamanje eHulumeni Duma yathuthukiswa ngomthetho ngomshuwalense ophoqelekile wezakhiwo ngazinye. Ngokunokwenzeka, kuzofana nomthetho osanda kwamukelwa "ngomshuwalense ophoqelekile wezindlela zokuhamba".
Kwangeniswa umshwalense wokuphoqelelwa eRussia e-Xxv.- Indlu yangasese yayishubile, futhi kwafakwa izinyo elikhethekile endongeni, noma ngabe ukwakhiwa kwashiswa phansi, kwanqunywa kalula ukuthi iyiphi inkampani eyayinomshuwalense. Umshuwalense ophoqelekile wawukhona emashumi amathathu eminyaka edlule, ngemuva kwalokho awuzange uphoqelele "abathengisi abazimele", kodwa ngokuzithandela. Futhi manje "ukubopha" kuzalwa kabusha. Futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani zomshuwalense zizothatha umnikelo ophakeme kulabo abasekhaya, lapho amathuba omlilo aphezulu (okungenani kungenzeka futhi). Uma ufuna ukunciphisa inani lomnikelo womshuwalense, ulethe indawo yokuhlala ngendlela efanele.
Iqembu lokusebenza kabusha komlilo wezakhiwo zokwakha
| Inombolo yeqembu | -Ngokhuni | Insimbi |
|---|---|---|
| I-coating ihlinzeka | ||
| Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesisindo se-prototype ngesikhathi sokuhlangana ezimweni ezichazwe yindlela | Ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa elibucayi yensimbi (500c) ngesikhathi, amaminithi | |
| -Yinhloko | Akukho ngaphezu kwe-9% - izinkuni ezikhula zabasebenzi | Okungenani i-150. |
| -Lekayo | Kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-30% - ngokhuni olungenakuqhathaniswa | Kusuka ngo-120 kuya ku-150 |
| -Esithathu | Bangaphezu kuka-30% - Ayihlinzeki ngama-Firestestroke | Kusuka ku-90 kuye ku-120 |
| Okwesine | Ayikho | Kusuka kuma-60 kuye kwangama-90 |
| Esihlanu | Ayikho | Kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-60 |
| Isithupha | Ayikho | Ngaphansi kwama-30. |
Ukwelashwa kabusha komlilo
Izakhiwo zokuvikela umlilo. Kuyacaca ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuvikela izinkuni emlilweni ngoba kubhekisele ezintweni ezivuthayo zendabuko. I-flame retardant yezakhiwo zokhuni ihunyushwa ngokhuni eqenjini lezinto ezivuthayo, futhi nezinto ezigxile kakhulu ezichithwe kuphela endaweni eqondile yomlilo futhi esabalalisa ngokunethelele phansi. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvikelwa okunjalo - ukucubungula ngama-pastes akhethekile, ukunamathela, ama-varnish kanye nopende noma ukufakwa.Inhlanhla nopende. Umphumela wabo we-Flame Retardant usekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi uma kuvezwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa kuphelile, kwakha isikrini sokushisa samagwebu aqinile angenayo. Unezakhiwo ezanele zokuhlobisa.
Ama-pastes kanye nokuzala kabusha amakhompiyutha amise ukufundwa okuvikela emlilweni, kepha awunazo ezanele zokuhlobisa.
Izisombululo zokufaka usawoti (amalangabi amalangabi) asetshenziswa ebusweni bezinkuni noma aphethwe ngokufakwa okujulile ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Nikeza ukuvikela izakhiwo zokhuni ezivela emlilweni ngokuvezwa kwendawo komlilo, ngokwesibonelo, ezimweni zomlilo. Kulokhu, kuphela ukuncipha kwezinto okubonakalayo okubonwayo, okukhawulelwe endaweni yokuxhumana ngqo nelangabi. Sidinga ukuziphindaphinda ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho sisetshenziswa, akunakwenzeka.
Ngokwemvelo, ayikho kulezi zimali ezenza isihlahla asivuli ngokuphelele, kepha ngamunye wabo wandisa umkhawulo wokuklama komlilo wokumelana nomlilo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokwandisa umkhawulo wokushisa wokulungisa izinkuni, noma ngenxa yokwanda kwesikhathi sokulwa nomlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke ama-coatings abhalwe ohlwini asiza ukucibisha umlilo, futhi kwezinye izikhathi avele ahlukanisa ithuba lokuvela kwalo.
Izingoma ze-Fire Retardant kanye ne-Fire-Prolougraf Provect for Wood Magazine Enikezele isibuyekezo esihlukile (bheka i-Article
"Yini ukuvikela isakhiwo sokhuni."). Ngakho-ke, ngeke sihlale kuzo ngokuningiliziwe, kepha sizotshela kuphela ngezinguquko ezithile ezenzeka emakethe kusukela kukhululwe isibuyekezo esishiwo.
Kuze kube manje, konke ukubekwa phansi okusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwangaphandle kwendlu yokhuni kunikeze iqembu lesibili elivikelayo. Manje izimakethe zivele emakethe, zinikeza iqembu lokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, i-NPP "Rogunda" ikhiphe ukwakheka komlilo okusekelwe emlilweni "Phenylaks", okuthi, ngezindleko ze-300g / m2, kunikeza iqembu lesibili lokusebenza kahle kwelangabi, futhi ngezindleko ze-500g / m 22- kuqala. Ukwakheka kokwakheka kwezindawo ezingaphandle zokhuni zivunyelwe ngaphansi kwesimo sokuhlanganiswa okulandelayo okulandelwayo okulandelanayo ngopende. Ukumiswa, ukuhlinzeka ngokhuni iqembu lokuqala, kukhiphe enye inkampani eqinile yasekhaya "Tsorbashchit". Umkhiqizo ubizwa nge- "Sezhes Firebio Prof." futhi kwenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi (ukusetshenziswa okunconyiwe - 600g / m2). Inika izinkuni i-tint ebomvu.
Onke ama-varnish angama-fictoofproof akhona akhona ngaphambili noma upende ohumusha izinkuni eqenjini lokuqala le-flame retardant actardant adalelwa ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zangaphakathi. Kepha i-NPP "iyaqanjwa" ikhiphe upende wokuvikela umlilo osuselwa emlandweni we-pyrex osuselwa emanzini, engasetshenziswa ngaphakathi (ngaphansi kwale mibandela, umenzi uqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-flame retardant kanye nemihlobiso yokuhlobisa okungenani iminyaka emi-5) nangaphandle. Kuliqiniso, ngokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle ngaphezulu kopende, kuyadingeka ukufaka ungqimba we-varnish ye-WeatherProof (ngokwesibonelo, i-LZP-1 kusuka ku-NPP "iyaqanjwa" ngesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-120-150g) noma i-pf -115- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-150-180g / M2, NTS-132PP- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-110-130g / m2, i-Red-16- Ukusetshenziswa 200-250 g / M2). Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuhloselwe ukuvimba ukucekelwa phansi kwe-Flame Retardant Paint ngaphansi kwethonya lasemkhathini.
Ukuvikela izakhiwo zensimbi. Njengoba kwaziwa, insimbi yokwakha ihlala isikhathi eside impela, kepha izwela kakhulu amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelelwa, ama-500s, izakhiwo zamandla zensimbi zincishiswa kakhulu, futhi amadiza aqala ukungcola. Ngenxa yalokhu, umkhawulo wangempela wokumelana nomlilo wezinhlaka zensimbi, kuya ngobukhulu bezigaba nokuxineka okusebenzayo, ngu-0.1-0.25h, ngenkathi amanani aphansi wemikhawulo edingekayo yokumelana nomlilo (kufaka phakathi insimbi) - kusuka ku-0.25 kuye ku-2, 5h, kuya ngezinga lokumelana nomlilo kwezakhiwo nohlobo lwezakhiwo.
Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi isikhathi sokuthola izinga lokushisa esibucayi sesikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Lo msebenzi uxazululwa ikakhulukazi ngokwakha izikrini ezifakwa ngensimbi ebusweni bezinsimbi zensimbi. Babekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomthelela oqondile womlilo ngakho-ke vumela ukwakheka ukusindisa imisebenzi yabo ngesikhathi somlilo ngesikhathi esithile. Kungenzeka zombili izindlela zendabuko ukufeza le nhloso (izikhombisi, ukuhlanganisa isimende-sand Solutions, ukusetshenziswa kwezitini ze-brick) kanye nesimanjemanje (ukusetshenziswa kwama-plasters wokufaka okushisayo ngokusekelwe kwi-asbestos, i-permiculite, i-mineral fiber, njll.) . Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela kuhlinzeka ngomkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo kwezakhiwo zensimbi ebangeni le-0.75-3. Yini okufanele uyenze, uma futhi engenakho okunye ukwakhiwa? Ukukhumbula kungasebenza ebusweni bepende ekhethekile yensimbi. Njengama-Paints we-Flame Retardant Retardant zezakhiwo zokhuni, umphumela wazo kususelwa kwisinxephezelo sokwakheka ekushiseni okungu-170-200C nokwakheka kokushisa okuvinjelwe okuningana, ubukhulu bawo bangamasentimitha ambalwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto zokwakha kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule umkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo wezakhiwo zensimbi kuze kube ngu-0.75-1h.
| Ibizo | Umenzi | Okuhlosiwe | Ukuvikelwa, iminyaka | Iqembu lokusebenza kahle kwesihlahla ngemuva kokucubungula ukwakheka | Umbala | Parasovka | Intengo ngephakethe ngalinye, hlikihla. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Phenylaks" - Ukwakheka komlilo okususelwa kumlilo | "Kuqondiwe" | Ukuwohloka okuvikelayo kokhuni ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo | Kufika ku-4. | 1 noma 2 kuya ngokusetshenziswa | -Manzi | 6, 11 no-220 kg | 81, 141 no-2754 |
| I-KSD-FLASHEREPREPREPRECRANCED | "Kuqondiwe" | Ukufakwa kwe-fireproof kokhuni ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo | Kufika ku-5. | 2. | -Manzi | 10 L. | 210. |
| I-Pyrex - Upende we-Flame Retardant Water-Dispacesion Dispere ngokufakwa kwe-biocides | "Kuqondiwe" | Ngombala we-flame retardant of surfant of wokhuni ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamakamelo | Ngaphakathi 8, ngaphandle- 2-4 | okukodwa | Okumhlophe | 6 no-12 kg | 1092 no-2160. |
| I-Filex-200 - ilangabi lokunamathisela ilangabi | Inhlangano "Kirilak" | Ukuvikelwa kwesihlahla, i-plywood. I-fiberboard ne-chipboard endlini kusuka ekulakeni nasekuboleni | Kufika ku-15 | 1. I-Zero Limit of Flame Spread ngaphezulu kobuso | -Mpunga | 25 kg | 1500. |
| I- "FILEX-300" - Umlilo Retardant Paste | Inhlangano "Kirilak" | Ukuvikelwa kwe-Metal Ducts kanye neziteshi zokususwa kwentuthu kusebenze ngaphakathi endlini | Kufika ku-15 | 3. Umkhawulo womlilo wokumelana nomlilo 1 h | -Mpunga | 33 kg | 1900. |
| I-Filex-400 - Namathisela amalangabi | Inhlangano "Kirilak" | Ukuvikelwa Kwezakhiwo Ezingalayishiwe Kwensimbi Kusebenza Ngaphakathi | Kufika ku-15 | 3. Umkhawulo womlilo wokumelana nomlilo 1 h | -Mpunga | 33 kg | 1400. |
| I- "FAEFLEX" - Umlilo Retardant Paint | Inhlangano "Kirilak" | Ukuvikelwa Kwezinhlaka Zobunjiniyela Bensimbi Kusebenza Ngaphakathi | Kufika ku-15 | 4. Umkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0.75 h | Grey elikhanyayo | 26 kg | 9860. |
| CL-1- Ukukhiqiza umlilo | Inhlangano "Kirilak" | Ukuvikelwa kwamakhebula amakhebula kusuka emlilweni nokusatshalaliswa komlilo | Kuya ku-10 | Kuhambisana nezidingo ze-NPB 238-97 | Okumhlophe | 12 kg | 8500. |
| Upende we-OPP-1- Flame | Ohomite | Ukuvikelwa kwesihlahla kokulahlwa nokubola | Kufika ku-5. | okukodwa | -Mpunga | 5 kg | 400. |
| Upende we-OZP-1- Flame Retardant Paint | Ohomite | Ukuvikelwa Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi Ezimbozwe Ngopende Nezimbobo ze-electroplating | Kufika ku-5. | 4. Umkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0.75 h | Grey (noma ngaphansi kwe-oda) | Iqoqo lama-68 kg | 9200. |
| "Sezhlez Ognabio Prof" - Ukwakheka okuvikelwe yi-Flake | "Ukuvikelwa Umuthi" | Ukuwohloka okuvikela amalangabi kwezinkuni ngaphakathi | Kufika ku-5. | okukodwa | I-reddish tint | 5, 25 no-80 kg | 90, 430 no-1360 |
| I-KSDA 1 / 2- Ukucishwa kwe-Fireproof | "Lovin" | Ukufakwa kwe-fireproof kokhuni ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo | Kufika ku-5. | 2. | -Manzi | 10 L. | 248/495 |
| Ukugeza-1- Ukugcotshwa Kwe-Ficproof | "NeNeNochim" | Ukucutshungulwa kwezinhlaka zokhuni, izindwangu kanye namakhaphethi | Kufika ku-5. | 1. Iqembu lezakhiwo zokhuni | Isixazululo Esobala | I-25kg | 2100. |
| "I-protemrm styl" - ukwakheka kwe-flame retardant | "A no-B" | Ukuvikelwa Kwezinhlaka Zensimbi Yobunjiniyela | Ngaphezu kwe-10. | 4. Umkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0.75 h | Okumhlophe | 25 kg | 9600. |
| I- "Endotarerm" - I-Flame Retardant Coating | "Izinto ezikhethekile" | Ukuvikelwa kwemikhiqizo yensimbi nemikhiqizo ye-Cable | Kufika ku-12. | 1. Iqembu lekhebula. 4. Iqembu lemikhiqizo yensimbi | Grey emnyama | Iqoqo lama-68 kg | 3370. |
Ukucima umlilo okuyisisekelo kusho
Izicishamlilo zomlilo. Zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa njengendlela eyiyo yokucisha imililo yamakilasi a, B, nge-E (Class imililo emkhakheni wokuhlala, njengomthetho, azikho izicishamlilo zazo). Ukukhiqizwa ikakhulukazi kwasekhaya. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi abaphambili kufanele babizwe ngokuthi "Igumbi lokuqala" (Butlok) kanye "isitembu" (tula).
Izicishamlilo zomlilo zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngamapharamitha amaningi: Uhlobo lwama-ejenti okucisha izindlu, indlela yokondla ukwakheka komlilo okucisha umlilo nohlobo lwamadivayisi aqala. Ngevolumu yezindlu, izicishamlilo ezicijile zihlukaniswe zabancane (ivolumu yezindlu - kuze kube yi-5L), I-Industrial Blue (ivolumu yomzimba - kusuka kumalitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40 (ivolumu yomzimba - 50-00l; ngoba Izakhiwo zokuhlala, njengomthetho, ezingasetshenziswanga kulokhu kubuyekezwa akufakiwe).
Ngendlela yokuhlinzeka ngama-ejenti okucisha umlilo, amathuluzi angahlukaniswa ngogesi onamandla amakhulu wegesi futhi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yawo ye-ejenti yokucima umlilo. Ngomthombo wokuqala wengcindezi, amagesi angasebenza, afakwe kusengaphambili ezindlini noma ezisetshenziswayo kusuka ku-spep ekhethekile ebekwe ngaphakathi kwecala.
Ngohlobo lwedivaysi yokuqala, izicishamlilo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: nge-shutter ye-valve kanye ne-vala-off-chepler yohlobo lwe-pistol.
Ngohlobo lwama-ejenti okucisha umlilo esilinda, izicishamlilo zihlukaniswe ngamagwebu, amagwebu, i-carbon dioxide, i-aerosol, i-powder kanye nehlangene.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemililo kuya ngohlobo lwezinto ezivuthayo nezinto zokwakha
| Isigaba somlilo | Isici seklasi | Indawo lapho | Isimilo se-subclass |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kepha | Ukushiswa okuqinile | A1. | Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-solids, okuhambisana nokuzimisela (ngokwesibonelo, ukhuni, iphepha, utshani, amalahle, izindatshana zezindwangu) |
| A2. | Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-solids, kungahambisana nokuzimisela (ngokwesibonelo, amapulasitiki) | ||
| Phakathi kwa- | Izinto ezivuthayo eziwuketshezi | Ku-1 | Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziwuketshezi ngaphandle kwamanzi (ngokwesibonelo, uphethiloli, i-ether, uphethiloli kawoyela), kanye nama-liquefied solids (ngokwesibonelo, uphalafini) |
| Ngo-2 | Izinto ezishisiwe eziwuketshezi ziyancibilika emanzini (ngokwesibonelo, ama-alcohol, i-methanol, i-glycerin) | ||
| Ukusuka | Izinto ezivuthayo zase-gaseous (ngokwesibonelo, igesi yasekhaya, i-hydrogen, i-propane) | ||
| D. | Ukushisa okukhanyayo okukhanyayo (D1), i-alkali (D2) izinsimbi noma ukuxhumeka kwensimbi (D3) | ||
| E. | Ukuvutha Ukufakwa Kagesi Ngaphansi Kwe-Voltage kufika ku-1000V (kufaka phakathi impahla yasendlini) |
I-Carbon Dioxide Fire Reciishers (OU) Zingasetshenziselwa ukucisha imililo cishe kuwo wonke amakilasi, kepha zilungele ikakhulukazi ikilasi (elivuthayo futhi elivuthayo uketshezi), kungani kusetshenziswa izinto zasendlini kanye nokufakwa kukagesi ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi kuze kube yi-1000V). I-punching ye-ejenti yokucima umlilo isetshenziswa i-carbon dioxide (isikhutha), esisesigabeni se-liquid, kanye ne-jet yaso, siminza lapho ukufudumala kusuka ekuphelisweni komhlaba (ama-nozzles), kuqukethe igesi izigaba. Ukugcinwa kanye nokusebenza kwamathuluzi - kusukela ku-40 kuye ku-50c.
Okungabazayo okuthi yimiphumela yokucima umlilo ezintweni ezicisha umlilo ezindaweni ezicisha izici. Kungubufakazi, yibona ngqo amamodeli anjalo uma kunemidwebo eminingi endlini, kukhona umtapo wolwazi obalulekile, njll. (Ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi wamanzi noma i-powder akudingeki lapha). Kepha kukhona no-Assen. Okokuqala, badinga ukuhambisana nezimo ezithile zokusebenza nokugcinwa. Umkhuhlane wokucisha umkhuhlane awunakuthintwa ngezandla ezingenalutho ku-squabble, ngoba lapho ufafaza i-carbon dioxide, amazinga okushisa awo angaba -75c futhi ashayele ukushisa okushisayo. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isicishamlilo siyasebenza, futhi i-valve yayo ayisusi i-carbon dioxide, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa konyaka kwesisindo sedivayisi enesisindo. Ukuvuselelwa okuphoqelekile - isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-5. Okwesibili, isisindo esingesihle sesicishamlilo sokucisha umlilo (umzimba wensimbi odongeni olubiwe, umelekele ingcindezi enkulu). Isibonelo, abesifazane ukubhekana nesicishamlilo esingu-8 (isisindo esingaba ngu-16 kg) namandla amakhulu kuyinkinga enkulu.
Izicishamlilo ezicijile i-foam (OCP). Ukukhiqizwa kwabo kumanje kunqanyuliwe. Noma uhlangana namadivayisi anjalo athengiswayo, ungancomi ukuthenga.
Izicishamlilo Zomoya Umoya (ORP) Idizayinelwe ukucisha imililo Clastova IV (Kuvunyelwe ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukucisha ukufakwa kukagesi, ngoba i-jet yenza okwamanje). Umgomo wokusebenza ususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla egesi acindezelwe (umthombo wawo ungumfutho ophakeme wengcindezi) ukuze ukhishwe i-ejenti yokucisha umlilo ukuze wakhe i-foam (ukusebenza kahle okungaphezulu kwe-oHP). Ukubhoboza i-ejenti yokucima umlilo kuma-orps asekhaya asetshenziswa yisisombululo samanzi ayisithupha se-ejenti yamagwebu e-1, nakwesisombululo esingeniswayo kanye namanzi e-ejenti esimanzi ". Ukuntuleka kwe-OVP ukuthi kufanele bagcinwe futhi basetshenziswe kuphela kumazinga okushisa avumayo (kusukela ku- + 5 kuya ku-50c). Ukuvuselelwa okuphoqelekile - isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-5.
| Op-1. | Op-2. | Op-3. | Op-5. | Op-10. | Ou-2. | Ou-3. | Ou-5 | Ou-8. | Ou-10. | Ou-20 | Ou-40 | I-OVP-5 | I-OVP-10 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isisindo se-ejenti yokucima umlilo kwesicishamlilo sokucisha umlilo, kg | I-1.0 / 2.2. | 2.0 / 3.7 | I-3.0 / 5.5 | 5.0 / 8.2. | 10.0 / 16. | 1.4 / 6.5 | 2.1 / 6.8. | 3.5 / 14. | 5.6/15.8. | 7/30/15.8 | 14/50 | 28/110 | Amanzi - 3.2; Shaja - 1 / 7.8 | Amanzi - 6.5; Ukushaja - 2/16 |
| Isikhathi sokuhlinzeka nge-ejenti yokucima umlilo, C, hhayi ngaphansi | 6. | 6. | isishiyagalombili | Okuthenyalwayo | 13 | isishiyagalombili | isishiyagalombili | Okuthenyalwayo | Okuqophele imali | ishumi nanhlanu | ishumi nanhlanu | ishumi nanhlanu | amashumi amathathu | 45. |
| Ubude be-jet yento yokucisha umlilo, m, hhayi ngaphansi | 3. | 3. | 3. | I-3.5 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 2,5 | I-3.0 | I-3.0 | 1.5 | 2,5 | I-3.0 | 3. | okune |
| Indawo yokucisha indawo, m2 | 0.41 | I-0,66 | I-1.07 | 1,73. | 4,52. | 0.45 | 0.45 | I-1.08. | 1,1 | I-1.08. | 2,2 | I-2.52 | 0.41 | 0.5. |
| AmaGabari, mm. | 316135100. | 325150130. | 425150130. | 450320300. | 628350355. | 430108314. | 528110314. | 572162314. | 790162220. | 1200370470. | 1200410370. | I-7004001550 | 450290175. | 628290220. |
| intengo, rub. | 200. | 250. | I-280. | 381. | 580. | 480. | 540. | 744. | 1200. | 1640. | 3300. | 5000. | 420. | 580. |
| Izindleko zokuvuselela kabusha, rub. | 76. | 91. | 103. | 134. | 190. | 134. | 145. | 162. | 226. | 299. | 409. | 657. | 51. | 91. |
Izinkambiso zokuhlobana ngezakhiwo ezinokucisha umlilo nge-Manual (PPB)
| Khawulela indawo evikelwe | Isigaba somlilo | Okukhiqiza | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Izicishamlilo Zomlilo Foam | Izicishamlilo Zomlilo Poter | Izicishamlilo zomlilo we-Carbon Dioxide | |||||
| M2. | 10 L. | 2 l. | 5 L. | 10 L. | 2 l. | 5 (8) l | |
| 200. | Kepha | 2 ++. | - | 2+ | 1 ++. | - | - |
| Phakathi kwa- | 4+. | - | 2+ | 1 ++. | - | - | |
| Ukusuka | - | 2+ | 1 ++. | - | - | ||
| E. | - | 2+ | 1 ++. | - | 2 ++. | ||
| 400. | Kepha | 2 ++. | 4+. | 2 ++. | 1+ | - | 2+ |
| (E) | - | 2 ++. | 1+ | 4+. | 2 ++. | ||
| 800. | Phakathi kwa- | 2+ | - | 2 ++. | 1+ | - | - |
| Ukusuka | 4+. | 2 ++. | 1+ | - | - | ||
| 1800. | Kepha | 2 ++. | 4+. | 2 ++. | 1+ | - | - |
| (E) | 2+ | 2 ++. | 1+ | 4+. | 2+ | ||
| Isibonakaliso se- "++" sibonisa izinto zokucisha umlilo ezinconyelwe ukuhlanganisa; "+" - Izicishamlilo - Izicishamlilo, ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuvunyelwe lapho kungekho khona okunconyiwe nokulungiselelwa okufanele; sayina "-" - Izicishamlilo ezivunyelwe ukuhlomisa lezi zinto |
Bangaki nokuthi yini izicishamlilo ezidinga ukuba nazo endlini
Okwezakhiwo zokuhlala, izinkambiso zokuhlonza izicishamlilo ezicijile, ngeshwa, azikho. Iziphathimandla zasekhaya zivame ukukhipha izimiso zazo kulolu daba. Isibonelo, yini ekhonjiswe kwisen-annyx ekuxazululeni kweMeya ye-Astrakhan N 2767-M ka-Okthoba 8, 2003:"Uhlu olunconyelwe ukufana nezindlela eziyinhloko zokucisha umlilo nezindawo zokugcina ezakhiweni zezakhamizi:
munye. Izindlu ze-Residence Cottage Izindlu: I-OP-10 Fire Reciisher, umgqomo wamanzi nebhakede (efakwe ehlobo), imbangela yombanyosi.
2. Izindlu Zezwe: I-OP-5 Fire Repuisher, umgqomo onamanzi nebhakede (efakwe ehlobo), imbangela yezimbambo.
3. Amagalaji abekwe ngokwezifiso: Ukucisha umlilo op-5.
Abaphenduli bakachwepheshe bethu banconyelwa ukuthola inani elifanele lezicishamlilo ezicijile ukusebenzisa "imithetho yokuphepha ngomlilo (PPB), elawula inani labo ezikhungweni zezimboni. I-WOBBORS Wethula itafula ngalezi zincomo, ngokuya ngokuthi, ngendlela, ungalinganisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenzisa izicishamlilo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukusibeka kuphi ukucisha umlilo? Vele, ibhaluni elibomvu elikhanyayo (noma elilodwa), elenga odongeni lwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ngeke zengeze ama-aesthetics. Amabhokisi wesitoreji somlilo wesimanje akwazi ukubuyela emuva, apendwe ngombala omhlophe noma wendlovu. Kungenzeka bangakwazi ukuphikisa igumbi, kepha isicishamlilo sokucisha umlilo sigijimela emehlweni siyoma. Yebo, futhi kuzoba wuthuli oluncane kakhulu.
Iningi. Kuhle kakhulu ukuba nocezu olukhulu lodonga oluyi-fireproof endlini. Le yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenziweni kokushiswa esigabeni sokuqala somlilo, ukucisha izingubo ezivuthayo kubantu abathintekile, vikela imiklamo nemishini evuthayo lapho uqhuba umlilo (kufaka phakathi i-welding) iyasebenza. Ikati lenziwa noma lisuka kwi-asbestos, noma kusuka ku-fiberglass. Ubukhulu - 1.351.35; 1.351.5 no-1.52m. Ubukhulu: I-Fiberglass, kusuka ku-0.4 kuye ku-0.8 mm; Asbestos kuya ku-2.42mm. Sikhiqiza ikati amabhizinisi anjenge- "Wati" (Volzhsky) kanye ne- "Verliks" (i-Ivanovo). Izindleko zisukela kusuka kuma-ruble angama-380 kuya kwangama-70. Ikati lanamuhla lihle kakhulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ngempumelelo ingubo ejwayelekile (okubuye futhi yaxolisa ukukhuluma izinyembezi). Wakhipha umnikazi wensimbi, wazamazama kancane, futhi wayesevele ephathekayo. Ihlala kuphela ukuyiphonsa ngokugxila kokulahla, futhi lapho konke kuphuma khona, gingqa bese ubeka endaweni.
Izici zokuzisekela
| Uhlobo lokuzisekela | SP-20 | SP-50. |
|---|---|---|
| Isikhathi sokuzivikela, imiz: | ||
| - ngokuphuma | Hhayi ngaphansi kwama-20. | Okungenani 50. |
| - Ukulindela Usizo | Okungenani ama-40. | Okungenani i-150. |
| Ingxenye yokusebenza ngobuningi, kg | 1.5 | 2,5 |
| Ubukhulu obuphelele, mm | 118203213. | 140260330. |
| intengo, rub. | 1470. | 2020. |
Izici zohlelo lwe-othomathikhi we-othomathikhi
| Uhlobo lwedivayisi | Umtshina wegesi | Isilawuli | Indlela yokusebenzisa isenzo | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isifanekiso | HB-362. | - | HD-703 (1/2 '') | I-HD-704 (3/4 '') | HD-705 (1 '') |
| Ubukhulu, mm. | 1155645. | 14510044. | 14711897. | 15711897. | 16711897. |
| Isisindo, g. | 290. | 480. | 620. | 630. | 640. |
| Ukushisa okusebenzayo, nge | Kusuka -20 kuya +40 | Kusuka -10 kuya +40 | Kusuka ku-30 kuya ku- +75 | ||
| Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla, ku / em. Amandla, w | 220 / 2.7 | 220 / 1.9 | I-220 / 0.8 iguqulwa ibe yi-12V yamanje | ||
| Inkomba elula | Ukufakwa kunethiwekhi - isibani esikhanyayo esiluhlaza | I-valve evulekile eluhlaza, i-valve ivaliwe- ebomvu | - | ||
| I-alamu ku-alamu | I-BeePs, isibani esikhanyayo esikhanyayo | I-CODKI (70 DB nangaphezulu), kukhanyisa isibani esibomvu | I-CODKI (70 DB nangaphezulu), kukhanyisa isibani esibomvu | ||
| Isikhathi sokuphendula, nge | 30- Okuphumayo kwimodi yokusebenza ngemuva kokufakwa kunethiwekhi | Akukho ngaphezulu kwe-10 ngemuva kwe-alamu | Akukho ngaphezulu kwe-10 ngemuva kwe-alamu | ||
| intengo, rub. | Kwi-kit- 5400, inzwa eyengeziwe- 1450 |
Abanikazi abajabule befulethi elisha mayelana nokutholwa kwemikhono akucabangi - konke kufanele kufakwe kuphrojekthi futhi kufakwe esigabeni sokwakha. I-Avot to the Private Developer izothatha idivaysi yohlelo lokucima umlilo olunjalo. Ngokushesha kuzodinga ubuncane, futhi esimweni somlilo "kuyasiza kakhulu. Uma ubude be-hose le-standard hose akwanele ukufinyelela ekhoneni elikude kakhulu lendlu, kufanele uthole imikhono embalwa.
Izindlela zokuvikela umlilo ezingaqondile
Imaski evikelayo. Shiya indlu evuthayo (efulethini) lapho indlela yokuphuma ishaywa, akulula. Akumangalisi emlilweni, ingxenye eyinhloko yezisulu zezisulu zokwehla, okuthi, ukuba ngaphakathi komoya onobuthi, akukwazanga ukunqoba amamitha athile endaweni ephephile noma ukulinda abatakuli kanye nezicishamlilo. Ukumboza ingubo - ukwamukelwa akusebenzi kahle: futhi akukho okuphefumulayo, nalapho kungabonakali khona. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa imaski yokuvikela, evikela ngokuthembekile kanye namehlo entuthuni kanye namagesi anobuthi, kanye nekhanda, ubuso nezinwele, ukuxhumana okufushane nomlilo ovulekile.
Kutholakala izinhlobo eziningana zamaski avikelayo (wonke abukhulu):
IHood Vitective "Phoenix" ("Imakethe ye-Epicenter") iqukethe i-cap eyenziwe ngefilimu ye-polyamide, isihlungi sokuhlunga sezendlalelo eziyisithupha zezinto ezahlukahlukene (ubukhulu obukhulu 8-9mm) kanye ne-silicone. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile ze- "Phoenix" - Ukuhlanganiswa (isisindo - akukho ngaphezu kwe-90g, ubukhulu - 1083cm) ngisho nento kuphela ukuthi lokhu mhlawumbe okuwukuphela kweminyaka yobudala (kodwa hhayi iminyaka yebele). Isihlungi sihlangene sihlinzeka ukuvikela amakhemikhali angaphezu kwama-20 ayingozi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo yokuhlanganisa. Impilo yeshelufu okungenani iminyaka emi-5. Intengo - 1429 RUB. (Maduze nje, ngokusho komenzi, izoncishiswa).
Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-GDZK ("I-Elektrostal Chemical Chemical Plant"). Ithuluzi lokuvikela lokuvikelwa, elilungele abantu abadala nezingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Siqukethe i-hood, imaski, i-valve yokuphefumula, i-fight-sorbing cartridge kanye nekhanda. Isikhathi sokuvikela okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Ubukhulu obuphelele kwiphakheji - 180180130mm. Mass - 800g. I-Warantiy Shelf Life- iminyaka emi-3. Intengo, 1285 rub.
Abasekeli be-Self-Prever befaka i-SP-20 ne-SP-50 ("Tambov Nihi") yindlela yokuvikela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esisodwa futhi kufanele abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-16. Empeleni, lokhu kufakwa imaski yegesi lapho umoya-mpilo ungekho kuma-cylinders, kodwa ngefomu elihlobene namakhemikhali. I-Warantiy Shelf Life - iminyaka emi-5. Isondlo asidingi. Kutholakala ngokuguqulwa okubili okunesikhathi esihlukile sokuphepha. . Inhlangano kumele iphethe nomkhiqizi inkontileka efanele.)
Imaski kufanele ilele endaweni enjalo lapho uzokuthola khona ngamehlo avale. Lowo owayesebenzisa ngokunenzuzo le divayisi noma wabona ukuthi usindisa abantu impilo, ukufakazela isidingo sokuba nayo ngokungadingekile.
Amasistimu we-othomathikhi wegesi. Uma kwenzeka umlilo, ukuhanjiswa kwegesi endlini kufanele kuvalwe ngokushesha. Kungcono uma i-automation izothatha lesi sibopho ngoba abantu ezimweni ezinjalo abakade bengekho ngaphambili. Isikhathi eside, izinqubo ezibizwa ngokuthi yizimboni ziyaziwa, zigcwele igesi ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Kepha ukufeza lo msebenzi, badinga ugesi. I-AV ephuthumayo uma ivame ukungabikho. Muva nje, kunamasistimu ahlukahlukene ahlukene we-othomathikhi we-othomathikhi, akhiqizwa yi-hankook gesi kiki Co (YU. Korea). Ikhithi iqukethe umtshina wegesi, isilawuli kanye ne-actuator.
Ungafaka zombili izinzwa ezivuzayo zegesi eziningana, njengegumbi le-boiler nasekhishini. Umgomo wokutholwa kokuvuza - i-catalytic oxidation, evumela inzwa ukuthi ibone emoyeni yegumbi cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwegesi oluvuthayo (i-butane, i-propane, imithamo emincane (kungabi ngaphezu kwe-1/4 iqhuma okuqhumayo) . I-actuator ifakwe ku-valve yegesi yokufaka futhi yenzelwe amapayipi ku-1/2 '', 3/4 '' no-1 '' (amamodeli ahlukile). Amaphupho avumelekile avela ezinhlakeni zezimboni, angashabalali ohlelweni lokuhlinzekwa kwegesi, futhi anamathele avela ngaphezulu kuya ngepayipi kanye nesibambo se-valve yegesi. Omunye umehluko ugesi, udinga kuphela ukuze i-valve isesimweni esivulekile (okungukuthi, uyisebenzisa kancane). Inqubo yokuvala i-valve yenzeka ngenxa yamandla entwasahlobo yedrayivu, enesisindo ngesandla lapho uvula. Isilawuli singafakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo elula. Lapho kutholwa ithambo legesi, uhlelo lunikeza ukukhanya okuvusa umkhondo kanye namasiginali azwakalayo futhi unqande ukuhanjiswa kwegesi endlini (efulethini). Lesi sakamuva senzeka ezimweni ezimbili: lapho nje igesi ivela emoyeni wamakamelo lapho kufakwa khona izinzwa, futhi lapho ugesi ucishiwe (lesi isiginali efanayo yengozi). Kungenzeka uqhubeke nokunikezwa kwegesi kuphela ngesandla, ngenkathi udubula intwasahlobo.
Ukucaciswa kwezitebhisi zokutakula
| Izici | Izitebhisi ezigoqekayo ezinezinyathelo ezisuka kwipayipi | Izitebhisi ezigoqekayo ezinezitebhisi zokhuni | Izitebhisi ezinamathiselwe zokutakula "ithuba" |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubude, | 6. | 6. | 6 no-12. |
| Sebenza | 110. | 110. | 720. |
| Umthwalo, kg. | |||
| Ububanzi bezitebhisi, m | 0.35 | 0.4. | 0.35 |
| Ubukhulu esimweni esigoqiwe, m | 0.30,30,5 | I-0,350,150,5,5 | - |
| Isisindo, kg. | 5,8. | 7.5 | 4.5 no-9. |
| intengo, rub. | 6142,86. | 5847,62. | 5857.1.14 no-8476,19 |
Ungasinxephezela kanjani lokho noma okunye okubi kwephrojekthi
Izinyathelo ezithathwe kulokhu futhi zibizwa ngokuthi inxephezelo. Bacabangani? Uma endlini eyodwa ungahlomisa, ngaphandle kwenhloko, futhi umcimi womlilo, bese kwenye ngenye yezizathu eziningi akunakwenzeka. Ukuntuleka kokuphuma kwesibili kunxeshezelwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngokufaka izitebhisi zokutakula, futhi uma indlu inkulu kakhulu, izitebhisi eziningana. Ngokuthenga izitebhisi ezinjalo futhi uzibeke ngaphansi kwelinye lamafasitela ebhokisini elikhethekile (ngefomu eligoqiwe kuthatha indawo encane), awukwazi ukungabaza, nemindeni yakho uma kuvimba umlilo wendlela ephephile ehlehla ngokuphepha kusuka phansi phezulu emhlabathini. Ngokwemvelo, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka kusengaphambili odongeni ngaphansi kwefasitela noma ngaphezulu kwefasitela ama-anchor ama-anchor bolts wokulungisa izitebhisi.
Ukukhetha kwezitebhisi manje sekubanzi kakhulu. Okokuqala, lezi ngamamodeli wokugoqa ngezinyathelo ezisuka kupayipi noma esihlahleni. Imiklamo ngezinyathelo zokhuni zenziwa kusuka kuteyipu ye-synthetic yamandla aphezulu (ama-slings), umelekele umthwalo ku-1000kg. Ngokwenziwa kwamamodeli avimbela umlilo amaningi ngezitebhisi zensimbi, amaketanga ensimbi noma ikhebula asetshenziswa. Ubude bezitebhisi buvame ukuba ngu-6m, kepha kunesilinganiso se-12m. Isinyathelo Isinyathelo 350mm. Ingxenye ebheke phezulu ihlinzekwa yi-carbine emibili, noma izingwegwe ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukwakheka, futhi ingxenye engezansi iphetha ngama-loops angasebenza ukuxhuma izitebhisi eziningana.
Izitebhisi zingasetshenziswa ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu zokwehla ngeWindows, ama-loggias nama-balconies ezitezi eziphansi noma ebusweni bomhlaba. Isikhathi somuntu somuntu oyedwa kusuka ekuphakameni kwe-12M imizuzu emi-3-5.
Lapho ukhetha izitebhisi, kufanele kubhekwe amaphuzu amabili:
Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukuthi izingane zehle izitebhisi ngezinyathelo ze-tubular, ngoba izintende zezandla zincane kakhulu ukuba zibambe isigaba se-perat anokhuni esibanzi;
Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa izitebhisi ezinama-racks ama-racks wensimbi akulungisa ibanga elithile kusuka odongeni (izitebhisi ezineziteshi eziphansi zokhuni ezinjalo azinazo).
Ngomdabu kusuka phansi eziphansi zezakhiwo zokuhlala, zingasetshenziswa futhi ziningi, njengoba zisho manje, imikhiqizo "eyeqisayo", amaviyo amabhlokhi, ama-brake, ama-crackers, bobabili abadala. Ngokuvamile, kucishe kukhuphuke imishini, enganikezwa kokuqala noma kusethi (ngokwesibonelo, "iqoqo lokutakula-KSS" noma "ukushelela"), imodeli ye- "swing"). Amanani ale mishini alinganiselwe, futhi kungenzeka ukwehla ngayo cishe kusuka kunoma yisiphi isitezi ngqo emhlabathini. Kepha, ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale, kungaba kuhle ukudlula "enkambweni yokulwa okuncane" esigabeni sokukhuphuka. Ngaphandle kwamakhono athile, kubulawa ukusebenzisa le mishini.
Lokho, mhlawumbe, konke okufanele kutshelwe ngezindlela zokuvimbela umlilo, okumele zithathwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kokwakha, kanye nezindlela eziyinhloko zokucima umlilo. Ngokwabo, lezi zimali zomlilo ngeke zizicime, abantu kuphela abasendlini (efulethini) bangasebenza ngesikhathi somlilo. Yebo, nokuthi uma bengadideki lapho bebona ilangabi. U-Ahketo ungasindisa indlu emlilweni uma esukuma lapho engekho kubanikazi? Futhi amathuluzi anjalo akhona, lezi yizinhlelo zokuvikela umlilo ezizenzakalelayo ezibandakanya ukusayina nezinhlelo zokucima umlilo okuzenzakalelayo. Kepha le yindaba ehluke ngokuphelele ...
Ihhovisi lokuhlela libonga nge "Pulse" kanye nesikhungo sobudlelwano bomphakathi be-GPS Gochsg. I-Moskva yosizo ekusizeni lokho.