Ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi okulungiselelwe: izinto zokwenza izinto, izincomo ezisebenzayo zokufakwa.
Isithombe ngu-d.minkina
Photo V. Vasilyeva, A. Babaeva
Photo V.Noledova
Photo m.Stepanov
Uma ushise isifiso sokuhlukanisa isikhala sefulethi lakho, kukhawulelwe ngodonga oluyimali, ezindaweni ezihlukile ezisebenzayo noma amakamelo ahlukene, awukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwengxenye. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwakhiwa kabusha, kubalulekile ukucabanga ukuthi iyiphi indlela nokuthi bazokwakhiwa yiziphi izinto.
Ngeshwa, alukho udonga lwendawo yokuhlala yakho olungadluliselwa futhi lufakwe kunoma iyiphi indawo, lapho ufuna. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo somklamo obiyelwe, okusekelwe phansi ezitezi ezihlala ezindlini nasezindaweni ze-attic nezinye izinto ezakhayo zesakhiwo. Izindonga ziphakeme kwinqubo yokwakha futhi zenza umsebenzi wokusekelwa we-Carriers Overlaps. Ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukubahlukanisa ngokwakho noma ukukwenza kuzo ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekile yenhlangano yephrojekthi, futhi ayiphephile. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenzelwe ngqo ilungu le-zonal lekamelo futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ngokushisa nokufakwa okuzwakalayo kwezindawo ezihlukanisiwe. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zingafakwa ekhaya elilungele ukulungiswa cishe noma kuphi, futhi ukuxhumana kwazo ne-MVK, njengomthetho, akubangeli izinkinga.
Ngokuyinhloko, izingxenye kufanele zinikeze ukufakwa komsindo okuthembekile, ukuba kuhlala isikhathi eside, uma kungenzeka, kulula ukuba nobukhulu obuncane futhi ubekezelela imithwalo ethile ye-hanging: amashalofu, amakhabethe, imishini yokufaka amapayipi, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphoqelekile ukuba bahlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikelwa kokuhlanzeka nenhlanzeko. Isibonelo, yakhiwa kusuka ezintweni ezinobungane zemvelo (ezilungele ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni zokuhlala) futhi zikwazi ukumelana nomlilo ovulekile. Isimo sokugcina sibaluleke kakhulu ngoba uma kwenzeka umlilo, ukwahlukanisa okuvinjelwe umlilo kuzokwazi "ukubamba" ilangabi, ngaphandle kokukuvumela ukusakazeka ngaphesheya kwefulethi. Lesi sikhathi asikho ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-15, kufanele kwanele ukufika ukubalwa komlilo.
Ngokwakhiwa kokuhlukaniswa, okusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi igesi yamaselula kanye namabhulokhi kakhonkolo, ubumba noma izitini ezibunjiwe, amabhlogo ezingilazi, i-plasterboard kanye namashidi we-fiber owomile. Ngokwendlela yokwakha, okuyinto, eqinisweni, onqunywa uhlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukwahlukaniswa kwehlukaniswe ibanga elihle (kusuka kumaphaneli), kusuka ezintweni ezincane (i-slab kanye ne-block-of izitini, itshe noma ingilazi amabhlogo) nohlaka. Ngaphezu kwendlela ephathekayo, lezi zinhlaka zenza ukuthi ziguquke isikhala sangaphakathi saleso sakhiwo, zihlukaniswe ngama-stateral, iqembu - lizenzeke futhi liguqulwe. Izahlukaniso ezi-Inpatient (ezilungisiwe) zisetshenziswa njengezindlu ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi. Ngabo futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho.
Njengezinto zohlu oluncane lwezindonga ezingavuthi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa, njengomthetho, amabhlokhi kakhonkolo weselula noma ngesitini. Ukuhlukaniswa okuvela emabhulokini engilazi kudumile kakhulu, le yindlela enhle eya ezakhiweni zezinyoni futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi.
Kepha ungagijimeli ukuletha lezo zinto noma ezinye izinto esizeni "esakhiwe", lapho ubuqoqe khona ukubeka ukwahlukanisa. Khumbula ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukugcwala umthwalo ongenakuncipha efulethini lakho: Umthwalo ovumelelwe kumakhonkolo aqinisiwe, okuqediwe kwe-Overlaps ehlelwe endaweni evamile yokuhlala, cishe ama-3 KG / M2), ngokwedlulele Ikesi, 6 KPA (600 kg / m2). I-Avto, ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa, isazobekwa phansi phansi phansi, ibekwe ifenisha futhi, mhlawumbe nemishini yasendlini. Ngakho-ke lapho uxoxa ngokwakhiwa kabusha kwefulethi, ungabi nobuvila ukucela abathuthukisi bephrojekthi yakho, noma ngabe basebenzise ukubalwa kwemithwalo ekuqhubekeni kwempahla futhi, bacabangele lokhu, izinto zokwakha zikhethwe kahle. Uma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uphahla luka phansi komakhelwane, "injabulo" yokuxhumana ngokomzwelo nabo kuzofanela bakuthole, hhayi kubabhali bemidwebo yokuhlela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kokhonkolo kwamaselula
Ukhonkolo we-Mesh ungokwezinto ezibonakalayo zendawo yonke. Itholakala ngenxa yokudla kwenhlama kasimende enezithasiselo ezikhethekile ezakha izithambisi. Akuwona amafutha futhi kuvimbela ngempumelelo ukusakazeka komlilo. I-Krymera, umkhawulo wokumelana nomlilo wodonga olusekelayo owenziwe ngamabhulokhi agqinsi angama-75mm imizuzu eyi-150. Iziboshwa zomoya kuma-pores kakhonkolo weselula zinikeza amabhlokhi ama-blocks amahle wokufakelwa okushisa okushisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pores avaliwe anciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi okuqukethwe, okwenza kuvikeleke kakhulu kumswakama.Isakhiwo se-porous sinika lula ukhonkolo weselula. Zigwebeke: I-block encane eyenziwe nge-foam ukhonkolo (GOST 21520-89) usayizi ka-20025060mm wohlobo lwe-D600 unesisindo esingu-18 kg futhi uyakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni esifakiwe odongeni oluvaliwe (futhi lokhu abaningi njengama-80 kg). Ukusuka lapha kuyadingeka ukwehlisa ubulukhuni be-masonry, kusukela esikhundleni setende lezitini, itshe elilodwa nje lanele. Usebenzisa amabhlokhi, ungasheshisa ijubane lokulungisa noma ukwakhiwa izinsuku eziningana. Futhi akukhona nje kuphela ukwahlukaniswa okusheshayo, igesi-silalise futhi yomisa isitini esisheshayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuvela emabhulokini amamaki D400 kanye ne-D500 kunemidwebo enhle yokufakelwa okuzwakalayo: I-design of 100mm ubukhulu inezinkomba zokufaka umsindo (RW) ilingana ne-35- 37 dB, ubukhulu be-125mm db, kanye nokwahlukanisa kungenye I-25mm ubukhulu nakulo lonke i-55-57 db.
Amabhlokhi avela kukhonkolo we-autoclave weselula akuvumela ukudala indawo ebushelelezi kakhulu. Ukuphakama kusho ukuthi izinto ezibizayo zokuqedwa kokuqedwa kokuhlukaniswa okunjalo, ngokungafani nezitini, kuyadingeka kancane. Amabhulokhi ngokwawo alula ngokwanele ukusikwa, asika futhi agqoke. Ukulula kokucutshungulwa kokhonkolo weselula kukuvumela ukuthi wenze imiklamo yanoma yikuphi ukucushwa kanye ne-curvilinear, futhi ucubungule amandla cishe nganoma iyiphi indlela, ukuhlukanisa iziteshi kanye nezimbobo ze-wiring kagesi, izimbobo, Amapayipi, njll.
Ngomshini wokuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi, kunamabhulokhi anele anobukhulu obungu-10 cm (engeza ubukhulu bezendlalelo zokuqeda, futhi lokhu akuyona ngaphansi kuka-1-2 cm). Lapho-ke ngeke kube nezinkinga ngokufakwa kweminyango, ngoba ububanzi obujwayelekile bohlaka lomnyango angeqi okungu-13 cm. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa okuvela emabhuloki egwebu (futhi, ngendlela, kusuka kwezinye izinto zokwakha), kunengqondo ukwenza ubukhulu bokuthi 80 kuya ku-120mm. Lolu usayizi luhlinzeka ngezinkomba ezifanele zokumelana nomlilo, imithwalo ye-cantilever kanye nokufakwa okuzwakalayo. Akukwenzi mqondo ukwenza izihlukaniso futhi ngoba ukushuba okudingekayo ekufakweni kwebhlokhi yomnyango kuzodingeka ukuthi kuthathwe kungqimba elikhuphukile lodaka noma idivaysi yeplanethi eyinhlanganisela. I-ATO isivele ivelele izinto zokwakha eziphezulu kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso.
Amandla wesakhiwo esiqediwe se-block senza sikwazi ukwakha ukwahlukaniswa cishe kwanoma yikuphi ukuphakama. Lapho ubeka, ungasebenzisa zombili izingxube zesimende kanye ne-polymer cement evamile ye-polymer cement tile. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwazo akugcini nje ngokuvinjwa, kepha futhi kukhishwe isitini kudivayisi ye-screed futhi kunamathiselwe kwizakhiwo eziphethe ngokufaka izimbobo ezigciniwe zensimbi: okunye kubekwe emthungo ovundlile we-masonry. Isisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwesikhathi esizayo silinganiswa yisixazululo sikasimende-sandy. Lapho-ke ungqimba omncane wekhambi uhlanganiswe, lapho, ukusetha izinga, umugqa wokuqala wamabhulokhi ahlukanisayo ahlangene.
Ukukhwela phansi kungenziwa ngosizo lwamaphrofayili wensimbi (okuthi, nakho, kufakwe kuma-dowels). Izindawo zezakhi ze-block, zajoyina omunye nomunye, zihlanganiswe ngaphambili nge-glue. Okungukuthi, umugqa ngamunye olandelayo wamapuleti ufakwa ngokulebula kwangaphambili kwezindawo ezinamahloni nge-glue futhi ngepuleti lokulahla lomthelela owedlule. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-KSTHENAM kulungiswe nge-glue (ikhambi) nokuqiniswa kabusha (wonke ama-2 umugqa wamabhulokhi). Umnyango uboshelwe izinduku ezimbili-ezintathu zokuqiniswa kwensimbi (ngobubanzi be-6mm) lapho amabhlogo afakwe khona yi- "rotary".
Ekugcineni, okunye ukucatshangelwa. Lapho usebenza ngamabhulokhi kakhonkolo kakhonkolo, kuyadingeka ukubheka i-nuance ebalulekile. Ngoba banendawo ebushelelezi, kodwa enothuli kakhulu, inzima kakhulu kubo. Umphumela omuhle ungatholakala, kepha ungazisoli nge-Primer: Kuzodingeka ukuyibeka, okungenani izingqimba ezi-2-3 ngaphambi kokufaka udaka.
Imikhiqizo kakhonkolo ye-Foam Marok D500 nosayizi abahlukahlukene be-D600 bakhiqiza amabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya, njenge- "Lipetsk House Praple Product", "Chelyabinsk)," Konk "(i-vector" ( I-Moscow Obrast), "Ifektri yezakhiwo zasendlini yeLarseanel Sound" (Penza), "Savik" (isifunda saseMoscow), njll. Ubukhulu obuncane bebhlokhi elilodwa - 20025060mm. Imikhiqizo 500500100, 600400100, 600300100 futhi 600300100 futhi 600300100 futhi 600300100 futhi 600300100 futhi 600300100 futhi 600300100 futhi 600300100. Ubukhulu obukhulu bezinto ezinjalo, njengomthetho, abungeqi 14-23 kg, futhi ubukhulu bejometri bunjalo ukuthi kulula ukusebenza nabo ukuze basebenze nabo ukuze basebenze nabo ukuze basebenze nabo ukuze basebenze ukuze basebenze.
Ezitezi zeminyango, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise imikhiqizo 2390250125mm. Abakhiqizi bamabhulokhi asilingisa egesi (ngokuqina kwama-600 kg / m3 nobukhulu be-600300100mm) Kunamashumi ambalwa. Phakathi kwazo kungabizwa ngokuthi "amabhlogo wokwakha wokwakha wokwakha" (amabhlokhi angama-600300100mm), "Isitshalo sodonga olusindayo)," I-Lipetsk embonini yemikhiqizo ekhethekile yendlu "nabanye. Ukunakwa okukhethekile okufanelekile kusuka ku-Lipetsk, lapho kukhiqizwa khona imikhiqizo evela ukhonkolo weselula kubuchwepheshe benkampani yaseJalimane uHebel. Amaphupho avumelekile avela kumabhulokhi kakhonkolo we-foam, lapho ukubekezelelana kosayizi wejometri kufinyelela ku-1 cm, amabhulokhi e-liketsk wegesi athulile anembe kakhulu, futhi ukubekezelelana kuyi-1mm, kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukufaka lezo zinto ku-glue.
Amanani e-Block Elements kusuka kukhonkolo kamayela kusuka ku-average ranger eRussia Rangeng kusuka ku- $ 1 kuya ku- $ 1.3 ngengxenye ngayinye. Kubaluleke kakhulu lapho uthenga ukunaka uhlobo lwemikhiqizo. Isibonelo, ukubonwa kwe-D500 ne-D600 kungumkhiqizo okhalweni lukakhonkolo weselula (500 no-600 kg / m3, ngokulandelana). Kepha iqiniso ukuthi izitshalo zethu zikhiqiza imikhiqizo efaka ukushisa kakhudlwana - ngosayizi ofanayo, kepha ubungako obuncane (350 kg / m3, Maka D350). Lawa mabhulokhi kakhonkolo ka-foam awalungele ukwahlukaniswa, ngoba anikezi amandla anele okuhleleka, futhi ahloselwe ukufakwa kwezindawo ezivundlile nezimpondo zezakhiwo.
Amapuleti wephazili
Uma isikhathi sokulungisa sicindezelwa, futhi awufuni ukubhekana nodoti wokwakha nodaka, ungasebenzisa elula, esheshayo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, "elomile" yokwakhiwa kokuhlukaniswa kwamapuleti wePlaster (PPP). Ipuleti ngalinye lelo lelo senziwa nge-gypsum yokwakha futhi iyisikwele esingunxande, sokuxhuma kanye nezimboni ezikhona ezinazo ezinhlangothini ezifanele ze-groove kanye ne-comb.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuvela kulolu phola kungahlanganiswa ngokushesha, futhi ngemuva kokubopha uphawu lwe-seams kanye nokuqala, ingaphezulu eliqediwe alidingi ukufaka i-warser ebunjiwe (ngakho-ke, kucishe kube lula ukulinda kuze kube yilapho udaka lomile). Ngakho-ke ungaqala ngokuphepha ngokupenda, ukuqeda nge-polymer coatings noma ithayela elibheke phezulu. Ngendlela, kuvunyelwe ukugaya ukwahlukanisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokomisa ukwakheka okukhuphukayo, okungukuthi, ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40. Amapuleti e-gypsum ayamelana nokubola nezinambuzane, ukuguquguquka okuncane kokushisa kanye nomswakama akubangeli ukuguquguquka. I-PGP kulula ukuyibona futhi icubungule, futhi izintambo zikagesi namapayipi zithathwa ezicathulweni ezenziwa yithuluzi elilula lesandla. Izithombe, izibuko nezinye izinto ezingasindi ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-4 kg zinamathiselwe ekuhlukanisweni okuvinjelwe izikulufo zokugqwala ezinama-dowels, izinto ezisindayo (amakhabethe, amashalofu, njll.) - Namakhabethe. Kodwa-ke, ngombono wabakhi abaningi, i-puzzle-breakwerele compound ayinikezi amandla anele (ngokuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zezitini), uma, ngokwesibonelo, kuyadingeka ukulengisa imishini esindayo yokuhlanza.
Emakethe yaseRussia, udaka olwelwe yimikhiqizo yenkampani yasekhaya "i-knauff gypsum", kanye nezinhlobo zabo ezi-2 zinikezwa futhi zivinjelwe umswakama. Owokuqala ulungele ukwahlukaniswa kunoma yimaphi amakamelo anejwayelekile (kuze kube ngu-60%) umswakama. Amapuleti amelana nomswakama (kungenzeka ukubahlukanise kusuka kokujwayelekile ngombala, akulona grey elikhanyayo, kepha luhlaza) abizwa nge-hydrophobised, kusukela anciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwethulwa ku-gypsum. Ukusuka ezintweni ezivimbela ukumelana nomswakama ungakha ukwahlukanisa endlini yokugezela, yangasese nasekhishini. Kulokhu, ukungcolisa amathayili we-PSP ceramic noma itshe lemvelo kuyadingeka. Ungakhohlwa ngokufaka imali ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lapho ufaka ama-Jartitions emakamelweni anamanani aphezulu umswakama, indawo ye-slab icatshangelwe nge-mastic ye-mastic "Knahf Flekendidt", bese kuthi itheyiphu ye-conjugates esetshenziswayo, enjenge- "knauf flekendichubab".
Izinhlobo zekhonkolo kakhonkolo
Ukhonkolo we-Foam ungokhonkolo ongasindi weselula otholwe ngokuqinisa isisombululo esihlanganisa usimende, isihlabathi namanzi, kanye negwebu. Umswakama ovela ku-Foam Concrete uza ngokwemvelo lapho kungamafomu.
Ukhonkolo we-autoclave wamaselula uqukethe isihlabathi se-quartz, usimende, ukhilimu namanzi ahlanganisiwe futhi angenele i-autoclave, lapho ukwelashwa kwawo okuvuthayo kwenzeke khona. Imikhiqizo evela kukhonkolo weselula ikhiqizwa kuphela ezimweni zefekthri bese iya ukuthengiswa ngendlela yamabhulokhi alungele ukusetshenziswa.
Ukhonkolo ongezwe wenziwa ngenhlanganisela yamanzi kanye ne-celment-sandy, yibaphi amagesi wegesi angeziwe.
I-Gassilicate iyingxube ye-lime, usimende, isihlabathi se-quartz, amanzi kanye ne-gypsum, ehluthwe ngezithasiselo kanye nokuqina ku-autoclave noma nge-vaporumerized.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuvela kwi-PGP akusona esisekelweni sikakhonkolo sokweqisa, kepha kuthayi oluqediwe phansi ngaphambi kokufaka izimbambo zokuqeda. Ukubhoboza i-glue ekhuphukayo lapho usebenza ngamapuleti ajwayelekile, kusetshenziswa i-fugenfuler putty, futhi nge-hydrophobilesed- "fognegler-hydro". Ukuze i-design iqinile ngokwanele, amapuleti abekelwe "ama-rotary", kanye ne-groove zombili phezulu naphansi. Njengoba i-groove ingcono, ngoba i-putty ekuxhumaneni kwephazili isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo. Endabeni, icala lokuqala komugqa wama-slabs kufanele linqunywe ikamu.
Amabhokisi eminyango anamathiselwe ngezikulufo ezinamathiselwe ngama-dowel akhethekile. Zilungiselele iqiniso lokuthi ngokuhlukaniswa okukodwa okuvela kumapuleti angama-66750080mm, uhlaka lomnyango ojwayelekile alulungele i-12, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubheke umncane, 8-centimeter. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka okunomnyango kufanelekile ukwakha amapuleti anobukhulu obungu-100mm (20mm, khona-ke kulula "ukubhebhana" ngePlatha). Ama-Stove Stove Stove Stove, atholakala eduze komnyango, akufanele asondele kune-20 cm ukusuka emaphethelweni onqenqemeni. Ngaphakathi kokuhlangana kanye namakhona, amapuleti agcwele ngokunye ukugcwala okugcwele kwamalunga emigqeni ephansi. Umthungo uvalwe ngo-putty "Knauf Fougaurfully", futhi ukuze, lapho, ekuqedeni okulandelayo, uthuthukise ukunamathela kobuso, sebenzisa ukufuduka kwalezi zingoma njenge "Knauf Tifengrand".
Imvamisa, ukwahlukaniswa kwe-PGP kunamathiselwe ekuthwalisweni ngokuqinile, ngosizo lwe-dowel, futhi igebe phakathi kophahla nemibhede engenhla ivaliwe nge-putty. Ukuze uthuthukise izakhiwo zokufakwa okuzwakalayo zokuhlukaniswa, ukubizwa okuthiwa yi-elastic. Kulokhu, ngenduku ama-putty i-gasket (3-5 mm ubukhulu) kusuka ku-tube, kuzwakala noma okuphansi. I-gasket enjalo icisha ama-oscillation anomsindo adlula ezakhiweni zokwakha ezakhiwe.
Kokubili amapuleti ajwayelekile futhi amelana nomswakama akhiqizwa osayizi ababili: 667500 no-900300mm, ubukhulu - 80 noma i-100mm. Ukusuka kumapuleti abekwe emugqeni owodwa, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa ukwahlukanisa okukodwa - kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula zokufakwa komsindo (41 DB). Umklamo ophindwe kabili we-Septum-ubukhulu obuvela ku-180mm uyadingeka uma udinga ukuthuthukisa ukufakwa okuzwakalayo (ukukala amapayipi okuxhumana ngamapayipi, ngokwesibonelo, amapayipi amakhulu empompo angenakubekwa emivilweni. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-WING kungaququlwa ngamapayipi ngesilinganiso esifinyelela kuhhafu wesitofu, okungukuthi, kungabi ngaphezu kwe-40mm. Idizayini ephindwe kabili yakhiwa kanjena. Uhlangothi lokuqala lubekwe (umugqa owodwa wamapuleti) futhi konke ukuxhumana kunamathiselwe kulo, bese kuthi omunye. Ama-oda agcwele izinto zokufaka ezifakayo.
Kuliqiniso, okuhlukile komklamo ophindwe kabili wokuhlukaniswa (okunomhloli wokufakelwa okuzwakalayo phakathi kwezitofu) kungabiza kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izindleko zepuleti elilodwa lika-66750080mm cishe zingama- $ 2. Noma kunjalo, uma kudingeka ukwakha ukwahlukanisa okungaphakathi okulungiselelwe ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kudla okungenani izinto zokuqeda, kunzima ukukhetha enye indlela yamapuleti wephazili.
Izitini ukwahlukanisa
Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Ama-Brick ukwahlukanisa abonakala ngamandla aphezulu futhi abekezelela imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu kusuka ezintweni ezilengayo (imishini yokufaka amapayipi, amakhabethe, amakhabethe, njll, ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukubopha ngokwayo kube okuthembekile). Njengomthetho, ukwahlukaniswa okunjalo kubeka ngobukhulu ePilipich (lokhu cishe ngo-140 mm) noma onqenqemeni (80mm), ngisho nangaphambi kocingo lwesitebhisi sephansi, ngqo ekungeneni. Uma kunesidingo, isisekelo esakhiwa sakhiwa ngesisombululo sesihlabathi sikasimende. Okulandelayo, beka ungqimba lwesixazululo nangokwezinombolo zezitini. Ngamandla amakhulu, ukwahlukanisa kungakuhle ukuqinisa. Kwenze ngokubeka ngaso sonke isikhathi sokwakheka (yonke imigqa yezitini) yokuqiniswa kwensimbi okuqiniswa kwensimbi nge-4-6mm noma umucu wegridi yokukhokhiswa kokhetho. Ukuhlukaniswa akusikho ngaphezu kwe-150 cm ubude, okubekwe esitini, kufakwe emaphethelweni, kuqiniswe njalo ngemigqa engu-3-5 ngocingo olunobubanzi obungu-3-6mm.Lapho uhlela ukwahlukaniswa okuvela ezitini, faka onqenqemeni, ukuhola ama-masonry kungaba ngosizo lwezinkomba noma ezigabeni eziningana. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ukubekwa okunjalo ngendlela eluhlaza akungazinzi kakhulu. Ukuze umklamo awukhubazekile, ukhula esigabeni esisodwa ngokungabi ngaphezu kwe-1-1,5 m. Okulandelayo, usuku kufanele luhelwe kuze kube yilapho isixazululo sibanjwe, bese sibeka yonke imidwebo kuze kube sekupheleni.
Uma ukwahlukaniswa kwekota yesitini kubonakala kuwe akwanele, futhi akwamukeleki ukuthi kwamukele ukwakhiwa okukhulu (ku-pullipich) nganoma yisiphi isizathu, ungaphinde uhlole ama-maroon anocingo oluthambile olune-1.5 -2mm. Idluliselwe ekubekeni umthungo kusuka ngezansi. Ngokwethenjwa okukhulu, ucingo luyanconywa ukubeka ngemisipha evundlile yama-maroonry njalo nge-40-60 cm.
Lapho ulungiselela ngaphansi kokupenda noma ukunamathisela, izakhiwo zezitini zangemuva zivame ukushintshwa ezinhlangothini zombili futhi zihlikihle kahle. Ngaphakathi kwamakamelo anomswakama ophezulu, ukwahlukanisa kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlela konke ukuphakama (noma okungenani okungenani ku-180 cm kusuka phansi)) izinto zokumelana nomswakama, ezinjengama-acrylic tile noma ama-acrylic acrylic. Igumbi elilukiwe, ngendlela, ukwahlukanisa kungashukunyiswa kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, faka i-tile ngqo odongeni lwezitini, kungaba yinkosi enhle.
Lapho uhlela ukwakhiwa kokuhlukaniswa kwezitini, qaphela: izinhlaka ezinjalo zinzima kakhulu (1M2 1/2 izitini eziwugqinsi ze-230-250 kg) bese zidala umthwalo okhuphukile ku-Carriers Overlaps. Ukunciphisa isisindo somklamo onjalo, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise isitini esingelutho noma esinama-porous. Kodwa-ke, ubude obude obugcwele kuphela obulungele umsebenzi ezakhiweni ezinomswakama ophezulu (ezindlini zokugeza, amathoyilethi kanye namakhishi), ngoba abanye (ngokwesibonelo, izitini ezimhlophe ezibumbile) zizwela kakhulu umswakama. Ngisho nasezindlini ezintsha zeMonolithic, kungcono ukufaka ukwahlukaniswa kwezitini njengobude be-minimal, ngokwesibonelo, kuphela ezindlini zokugezela, izindlu zangasese noma ezindlini zokugeza noma amakholomu). Uma ubude behlukaniso butholakala ngaphezulu kwama-5 m, kunengqondo ukuyeka izitini futhi bakuthole esikhundleni sendlela yokufakelwa kokhonkolo kagesi noma amagwebu.
Vele, ungakha ukwahlukanisa kusuka ezitini ezi-7 noma izitini ezibomvu zephrofayili ehlukahlukene. Kepha izici ezinomsindo ezizwakalayo zezakhiwo ezinama-voids angaphakathi ziphansi. Ukunciphisa ukudluliswa komsindo, kungakuhle ukuthi uwele imithambo yangaphakathi enezitini zesihlabathi, kepha unesisindo, ma-make, kuzokhula.
Lapho ulungiselela ukweqisa noma ingxoxo nomqambi wokuhlela efulethini, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukwahlukaniswa kwezitini kunamaphutha amaningi. Dlulisela ulayini, ingaphezulu labo kufanele liqondaniswe kahle, futhi lokhu kusho ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezinto zokwakha (ama-plasters kanye namakhompiyutha ama-tutty) kanye nesidingo sokuphumula okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezinqubo "ezimanzi" nemisebenzi elandelayo. Ngaphezu kwesisindo esikhulu, izakhiwo zezitini zinolunye uhlangothi olubi, inani eliphakeme. Futhi, siyaphawula, kuthinta hhayi kakhulu inani lentengo yezinto zokwakha, zingaki izindleko eziphakeme zomsebenzi (Masonry no-Plaster). Sebenza ku-1m2 ukubeka izingxenye ezinobukhulu obukhulu bonqenqemeni ngokuqinisa izindleko cishe ku- $ 10, nekota yesitini cishe ngama- $ 8.
Ngokukheni kokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha, manje kubanzi ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi akukho ukushoda kwemikhiqizo emihle. Ngaphezu kwabakhiqizi basekhaya ("Isitshalo se-Ceramic Teamic", "Ukunqoba iKnauf", "i-Novomoskovsky isitshalo sezinto zokwakha ubumba" ), izimakethe zakwamanye amazwe zivezwa kumafemu emakethe, njenge-TERCA ne-Optic (Finland). Isitini esihle esigcwele semikhiqizo ehlukahlukene (i-M-100, i-M-125, i-M-150) inikezwa ngentengo engu- $ 0.1-0.2 (1 PC.). I-Slital Brick Brands M-75, M-125, i-M-150 ingathengwa ngentengo engu- $ 0,5 kuya ku- $ 0,5. Izitini ezimhlophe ezimhlophe ezibumbile zisuka ku- $ 0,1. Ama-Aphacks ukuthenga izinto zokwakha akuyona inkinga, into esemqoka ehamba ngemuva kwayo akuyona ukukhohlwa i-dosimeter. Iqiniso ngukuthi ingxenye enkulu yesitini ngumthombo wemvelo wemvelo wesizinda semisebe. Kwenzeka ukuthi imikhiqizo evela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia "Imithombo", futhi ilethe izinto ezinjalo efulethini, empeleni, ayikufanele. Ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthenga i-batch yezitini, hlola izinga lesizinda semisebe limane nje liyadingeka.
Amabhulokhi engilazi
Amabhulokhi engilazi "izitini" enomhlobiso ovaliwe ovalelwe amapuleti amabili axhunyiwe phakathi kwawo, mhlawumbe yizo izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlukaniswa. Ukugcizelelwa ngamabhulokhi kakhonkolo wegwebu kanye nezitini zibukeka zinhle kakhulu. Esebenzayo- yiba namandla anele, ukumelana nomlilo, ukushisa kanye nezimfanelo zokufakelwa okuzwakalayo, ukuqina futhi, yikhono elivimbela ukukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhlokhi engilazi yizinto ezingamelana ukushisa, ezihambisana nokushisa kwendlela okuvela ku--40 kuya ku-50c.
Ingilazi ngayinye ye-Element-terminal terminal "Brick" yenziwe ngengilazi eminyene (6- 7mm). Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bokubhulo ngamabhulokhi - 190190 80mm (ezitolo ungathola imikhiqizo nokubaluleke kakhulu - 240240 80 cm). Isisindo siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-2.2 kuye ku-4 kg. Izinto ezikhona ezikhona (noma zenhliziyo) zokwakheka okungunxande (ubukhulu bawo ngo-1909080 cm) ziyatholakala. Ingaphezulu le-Modern Glass Block ingaba bushelelezi, ihlangene, icacile, i-matte ngisho nombala. Kulokhu, imikhiqizo enezindawo ezihlukile ilahlekile ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kukhona obala (ngezindonga zobuso obushelelezi), ukusakazeka okukhanyayo kanye nomqondisi okhanyayo (le miphumela (le miphumela ngokuvamile inamabhulokhi engilazi ngezindawo ezinamahlandla). Ngaphezu kwamamodeli ajwayelekile, abakhiqizi abaningi abakhiqizi bakhiqiza futhi abasebenza ngonxantathu, ama-angular (ama-anges anciphisayo, amakholomu, njll.) Futhi ngisho nxazonke. Kulaba, yiqiniso, ukwahlukaniswa akwakhiwa, ngoba umsebenzi wabo uyihlobisa okuhlanzekile.
Ngokuqinisa amabhlokhi ezingilazi ezisheshayo, noma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kokunyuka okungekho utshani obukhulu noma ezinye izinto ezikwazi ukuklabha ingaphezulu. Lezi zingaba yizixazululo zosekhukhwini, kanye "nezipikili eziwuketshezi", nokunye okuningi. Uma isixazululo singena endaweni yengilazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, zama ukuwugeza ngokushesha ngamanzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isisindo somisiwe kuzofanela sicabange ngensimbi scraper, okulula kakhulu ukulimaza ibhlokhi.
Ukwenza lula ukufakwa kokuhlukaniswa, i-grille ye-modular yokhuni imvamisa isetshenziswa. Kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-gaskets akhethekile wepulasitiki ($ 0.25-0.5 ucezu ngalunye), ngenxa yokuthi ungafinyelela kunoma yiliphi ibanga elinqunyelwe phakathi kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe. Amalunga nama-seams angcono ukuvala ithoni ye-grout ye-tile - ngakho ukwahlukanisa kuzobukeka kahle kakhulu. Ukuze amabhulokhi engilazi awenze kahle "kunconywa ukuthi ungabeki imigqa emithathu yamabhulokhi ukuphakama ngosuku. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ngokubopha kahle usimende abadinga isikhathi esithe xaxa kune, ngokwesibonelo, izitini. Njengasendabeni ye-PGP, ukwahlukanisa okuvela emabhulokini engilazi kuzodingeka kubheke umnyango wobubanzi be-80mm. Ukukhishwa okuvela esikhundleni kungaba yibhulokhi yomnyango wendawo yonke ngebhokisi elishelelayo. Lapho ufaka umklamo onjalo, kwanele ukubeka phambili imichilo emile engxenyeni yobubanzi bokuhlukaniswa nokuhlanganisa.
Eqinisweni, ngosizo lwe- "Cubes Glass enemibala eminingi" Ungaxazulula ukwakheka kwezindlu zakho kukhiye ongalindelekile futhi oqobo. Imvamisa, amabhulokhi engilazi ahlelwe egumbini lokugezela, ekhishini nasekamelweni lokuhlala, ahlukanisa indawo eyodwa esebenza efulethini evela kwenye. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-curvilinear kungakhiwa, kanti i-radius encane ingu-5 m. Akukho okukuhluphayo ongakufaka ukufaka amabhlokhi engilazi ezindongeni nasekwanzweni ngenxa yemvuselelo engaphakathi. Mhlawumbe ukudonsa emuva kwalezi zinto zokwenziwa kuyintengo ephakeme. Amabhulokhi engilazi aphakathi kwama- $ 1.5 kuya ku- $ 50 ngengxenye ngayinye. Manje emakethe yaseRussia yethulwa amamodeli angabizi futhi aphezulu aphezulu okukhiqizwa kwasekhaya (ama-PC ayi-1 - kusuka ku- $ 0,8), ngokwesibonelo, kusuka enkampanini "ingilazi yenkanyezi". Isilinganiso esifanele sentengo nekhwalithi singaziqhayisa imikhiqizo yeVitrablogy (Czech Republic), i-Saint-Gobain (iFrance), i-Weck, iSolaris), i-Veck, e-Italy) kanye nabanye. Kwezahlukaniso ziyehluka kusuka ku- $ 14 kuze kufike ku- $ 25 (1M2).
Izimpawu zohlaka
Ukuze uthole ukwahlukaniswa kwensiza kwalolu hlobo, amashidi ebhodi e-plasterboard, i-fiberboard kanye ne-chipboard asetshenziswa. Izahlukaniso ezisakazeke kakhulu ezinama-plasterboard amashidi (GLC) ezivela ezinkampanini "Knif Gypsum" (Russia) neGyProc (England).Ama-Fremition anama-glcs alula futhi afakwe ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise kakhulu isikhathi somsebenzi. Enye inzuzo engenakuphikwa ye-GLC ilele eqinisweni lokuthi ingenziwa ngezindonga ezinamafomu aphukile noma we-curvilinear, kanye nemiklamo ngokwayo yehlisa kancane indawo ewusizo yegumbi.
Ukuphakama okuvumelekile kwe-plasterboard septal septum (12.5 mm ubukhulu) kuya ngosayizi wesigaba sesiphambano samaphrofayili ama-rack asetshenzisiwe kanye nebanga phakathi kwabo kuhlaka, kanye nasekhambini eyakhayo. Ukuphakama komkhiqizo onjalo kungafinyelela ku-5-6,5 m, kanye nesisindo se-1m2-25-49 kg. Ukuze uqhathanise: I-Septum ngohlaka lwamapulangwe (I-Bar Section 6080mm) iyakwazi ukuba nokuphakama okuphezulu ku-4.1 m (isisindo 1M2- ukusuka ku-30 kuye ku-50,5 kg). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwahlukanisa okucashile kakhulu (95mm obukhulu) kufreyimu eyodwa, kuthwebula ishidi elilodwa ohlangothini ngalunye, kubonakala ngezinga lokufakwa komsindo okunomsindo okungu-37 db kanye nokumelana nomlilo amahora angama-0,2. Idizayini efanayo, kepha esevele embozwe ngamashidi amabili e-plasterboard ohlangothini ngalunye, ihlinzeka ngokufakwa okuzwakalayo ku-45 dB futhi ingamelana nelangabi elivulekile le-Inceger Hour.
Uma uzohlala ekwahlukanisweni okulomile noma yiziphi izinto ezisindayo (ngokwesibonelo, amashalofu amashalobha), khumbula ukuthi umthwalo ekwakhiweni akufanele ube mkhulu kune-70 kg ubude bemitha yesikhashana. Izinto ezilula ngokuqhathanisa, isisindo sawo angeqi ku-15 kg (ngokwesibonelo, izithombe noma amashalofu), zimiswe ngokuqondile ku-plasterboard trim zisebenzisa ama-dowels nezikulufo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-GLKL kukuvumela ukuthi ufeze i-wiring efihliwe. Ezindongeni eziqediwe, amaphephadonga ngokuvamile anamathela noma afake isicelo sokuhlobisa, futhi ungashiya indawo futhi ungaqedi.
Intengo ye-1m2 ye-plasterboard ukwahlukanisa yi- $ 20-50 (ngaphandle kokufakwa) futhi kuya ngokucushwa kwayo, ukwakheka kohlaka, inani lezendlalelo, ubude kanye namanye amapharamitha. Okokufaka umsebenzi kuzodingeka angezele u-10-20% wenani lezinto zokwakha. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezindlela zohlaka esihlokweni esithi "Roman noPlasterton" oshicilelwe kuleli gumbi.
Ingabe ukuthula okuphelele kungenzeka?
Lona omunye wemibuzo eyinhloko ebuzwa yilabo abazokwehlukanisa ihhovisi kwi-nursery, negumbi lokulala, ukusuka egumbini, lapho kuhlala khona, izihlobo zeKinman zihlala phambi kwesikrini seshashalazi sasekhaya. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ucabange ngempilo enhle futhi ethule uma ekugcineni kosuku olusebenzayo oluzama ukulala, uzophoqeleka ukuba ulalele izingxoxo egumbini elilandelayo, ukugcwala kwezikhulumi noma okuthile okunjalo. Yebo, nevidiyo eyenziwe ekhaya enomsindo ozungezile ayijwayelekile ukuthi ingafaki okungenani amandla aphakathi. Ukuvikelwa komsindo kuyadingeka. Kepha izingxenye kufanele zibe yiziphi izinto izinto ukuze zisize kulokhu?
I-Soundproofing yezakhiwo ezivalekile (i-Overlaps, izindonga kanye nokuhlukaniswa) yikhono lokuvimbela ukwanda okuzwakalayo futhi kwenze buthaka ingcindezi yomsindo (noma amandla azwakalayo) womsindo angena egumbini lokuthula. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsindo womoya (kwenzeka emoyeni futhi, ngenxa yamagagasi omsindo womoya, lisakazeka ngezakhiwo ezifakiwe) kanye nesigubhu (zivela ngqo ezinhlakeni ezivela esitelekeni kuzo futhi, ziphenduke ngaphakathi, ikhishwe egumbini ngendlela yamagagasi omsindo we-aerial).
Amanani wokwakha angenisa umqondo wekhono elinemisindo (i-Sound Inxet Inxent - RW), elikalwa ngama-decibel. Leli nani alixhomeki endaweni yegumbi, noma ukumunwa okuzwakalayo kulo futhi lisebenza kuphela esakhiweni esivale kakhulu. I-MHNSNN 2.04-97 "Amazinga omsindo avumelekile, ukudlidliza kanye nezidingo zokuvilisa ezinhlanganweni ezihlalweni zokuhlala kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi" I-RW zichaziwe izindlu ezihlukaniswe izigaba: ama-54 db), ama-52 db- wezigaba B (ekhululekile Izakhiwo), i-50 db- yesigaba sezindlu (izindlu ezindala).
Njengolwazi lokuboniswa, izibonelo ezinjalo zinganikezwa. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezitini kusuka kubude obubomvu obugcwele, oboshwe ezinhlangothini zombili, zinamanani we-imeneli alandelayo azwakalayo: udonga ku-pollipich (ubukhulu ngosonga lwe-150mm) - 47 dB; udonga ku-1 isitini (ubukhulu ngodaka 280mm) - 54 dB; Udonga ngezitini ezi-2 (ubukhulu no-Plaster 530mm) - 60 DB.
Ukuhlanganiswa komsindo womoya wokuhlukaniswa kohlaka oluqinile kusuka kumashidi amabili e-GVL agqinsi ama-12mm kulowo nalowo onobukhulu obungu-50mm obukhulu obunama-10mm aphakathi nendawo phakathi kwe-10mm Frames cishe ama-53 db. Kulokhu, ubukhulu besakhiwo bungu-160mm.
Uma uzofaka i-Theatre yasekhaya egumbini, amabhulokhi ka-Brick Septa noma amagwebu ancono kunemidwebo evela kwa-Drywall, edlula imisindo ephansi futhi ephezulu kakhulu (futhi yini i-cinema?). Manje, izindonga ze-plasterboard zivikelwe kahle umsindo wasendlini (ngokwesibonelo, amazwi abantu, aphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka kumafrikhwensi).
Ngenkathi indlela eyinhloko ukufakwa okuzwakalayo kwegumbi - ukwanda kobukhulu bokuhlukaniswa. Uma ukwakheka okujwayelekile ngephrofayili engu-50mm namashidi amabili e-GLC anobukhulu obucishe abe yi-100mm, ukwahlukanisa kwamafreyimu ahlukile kungama-160mm. Kulokhu, izinga lokufakelwa okuzwakalayo lizoqhathaniswa nenkomba efanayo yokubukhali obukhulu odongeni ngesitini esisodwa (280mm). Futhi uma isifiso sakho sokuthola ukuthambekela okuphezulu komsindo sihle, kuzofanele ubeke ngokulahleka okuthile kwendawo ewusizo. Ekuseni kokwakhiwa kwangasese, izinhlaka ezikhethekile zokufakwa komsindo nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa. Kepha lesi sihloko sibanzi kangangokuba kunesidingo sokuyibheka ngaphakathi kwe-athikili ehlukile.
Izinto zokwakha zedivayisi yenqamu
| Into uqobo lwayo | Ubukhulu, mm. | Ukumelana nomlilo, ch | Isisindo 1M2, kg | Inkomba yokufaka umsindo, i-DB | Intengo, $ | Izindleko 1M2 ZISEBENZISA, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isitini esibomvu esibomvu | 12025065. | 2.5 (Ngokuqina kwe-septum 120mm) | Cishe 260 (ngesitini esingu-1/2) | 45. | 1-1,5 / PC. | 9-25 |
| Amabhulokhi aphansi | I-600250150. | 1.5-3 (ngokuqina kwe-septum 120mm) | 7-8 | 37-40 | 25 / M3. | 6-8 |
| Amabhulokhi kakhonkolo we-Foam | I-600300100 (200) | 2.5-4 (ngobukhulu bokuhlukaniswa 140mm) | 210. | 37-40 | 46 / M3. | 6-8 |
| Amabhulokhi engilazi | 19019080. | Hhayi ngaphansi kwe-1. | 70 (ngesisindo sebhulokhi elilodwa lama-2,5 kg) | 40-45 | 2-10 / PC. | 20-25 |
| Ama-Slagoblocks | 39018890. | Cishe 1. | Cishe ngo-180. | 43-46 | 0.4-0.8 / PC. | 6-8 |
| Ukwahlukaniswa kwepulangwe | - | 0.75-1.9 | 25-50 | 43-55 | 15-22 / m2. | 6-12. |
| Amapuleti wephazili | I-66750080 (100) | 2. | Cishe 90. | 41 (ngamapuleti aminyene 80mm); 45 (ngamapuleti awugqinsi nge-100mm) | 10-11 / m2. | 2-3. |
Amanani ekwakhiwa kwe-Septum ye-Uptum ye-Intercommercial 42.70 m (ubukhulu ku-1/2 isitini)
| Into uqobo lwayo | inombolo | Izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye, $ | Inani eliphelele lezinto ezibonakalayo, $ | Izindleko eziphelele zomsebenzi, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isitini esilule | Ama-PC angama-650. | 0.20 / PC. | 130. | 141. |
| Impame | I-16 m / P M. | 0.50 / POG. M. | isishiyagalombili | Kufakwe kwintengo |
| Isixazululo | 0.5m3 | 20m3 | Okuthenyalwayo | I-masonch |
| Ukhonkolo | 500 kg | 0.10 / kg | amashumi amahlanu | 113. |
| Ukubeka | 90 kg | 0.50 / kg | 45. | 84. |
| Izinto zokusika (ukukhetha): | ||||
| penda | 11 kg | 7 / Kg | 77. | 5 / m2. |
| Amaphaneli | 21,6m2. | 20 / m2. | 432. | 15 / m2. |
| iphepha | 4.5 renqumona | 10 / Roll | 120. | Kusuka ku-4 / m2 |