Iklanywe kahle futhi ifakwe ngempompo "efanele", umthombo uyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekelwa kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki kwendlu yezwe.
1 - impeller; 2 - IBlade; 3 - Ukudonsa amanzi okuvunguza; 4 - I-Monical Diffuser; 5 - Ipayipi lokucindezela; I-6 - I-funnel yokuthela iphampu noma indawo yokuxhuma iphampu ye-vacuum; 7 - Ukuthola i-valve yokuhlola; 8.9 - Ipayipi kanye ne-nozzle; I-10 - amadiski we-impeller; 11 - lip
1 - impeller; 2 - Ama-Blades; 3 - Isiteshi sendandatho; 4 - umzimba; Iziteshi ezi-5 - Iziteshi zeCurvilinear
1 - Ukungena okufanele;
2 - Flange;
3 - uhhafu womugqa;
4 - Ulwelwesi lweSehlukanisi;
I-5 - igesi efanelekile;
I-6 - IValve ilungiselelwe;
7 - Ipulatifomu yephampu;
8 - Imilenze yokusekela
1 - Ipayipi elivamile lamakhasina;
2 - Pump;
3 - Izinzwa ezigijimayo ezomile;
4 - Cable;
I-5 - I-Trussure Tube;
6 - umgodi;
7 - I-valve yokuzalwa kwamanzi;
I-8 - node ye-valve yesheke;
9 - Isihlungi;
I-10 - hydroaccumulator;
11 - Ukucindezela udluliselwe;
12 - Electrofanel
Ngaphandle kwamanzi epulazini, njengoba wazi, awukho umpheki wephalishi. Futhi "Thola" abanikazi bezwe bangena emanzini ngezindlela ezihlukile, kuya ngengcebo yomndeni.
Ukuhlelwa komthombo wokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, okuthathwe ngokwehlukile indawo yezwe akuyona into eshibhile. Bazicabangele: Izindleko zemitha eyodwa yomugqa we-artesian kahle nge-casing yepulasitiki ephindwe kabili efinyelela ku- $ 50-80 (futhi kwesinye isikhathi amamitha anjalo kwesinye isikhathi atholakala ngo-100-150). Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakhiwa komthombo kungakwenza ku- $ 5000-12000. Iphakethe lonke elidingekayo lemibhalo yokuthola imvume yokwakha "ukudonsa" namanje kuma-dollar ayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane. Kanye nokuthi "Trifles" enjalo, njengephampu enhle ye-borehole ku- $ 700-1000, kungenzeka ukuthi ungacabangi. Ngakho-ke, umthombo, iminyaka ebaliwe yeminyaka engama-30, izobiza u- $ 10,000-15000. Ngezindleko, akuwona amanzi, kepha uwoyela!
Ungaba kanjani yizakhamizi ezifayo ezingezinhle ezingakwazi ukuthatha nokubeka amashumi ezinkulungwane ezidingekayo, nendlu yezwe akunjalo? Futhi ngifuna ukuhlala kulo, bese ngipheka ukudla, ukugeza, nise amanzi engadini ... kahle, ukuze uthole izisombululo zamanzi amabanga ahlukahlukene kukhona izisombululo, ngakho-ke, "i-Economy Class". Okuhlukile okuvame kakhulu kungumthombo. Inezingqinamba zayo, kepha kukhona okunenzuzo njengezindleko eziphansi, okulula kudivayisi nokusebenza. Yakheke kahle, yakhiwa futhi ifakwe iphampu "kwesokudla", umthombo onjalo uyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki kwendlu yezwe.
Idivaysi ye-shaft Wells
Imithombo yeShaft yaziwa ngaphezulu kwekhulu elilodwa, kepha namuhla bahlala bevame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Zenzelwe ukuthola amanzi e-aquifer esiseduzane kakhulu esondele kakhulu ebusweni ngokujula kwayo kuya ku-15-20 m (imithombo yezimayini kungenzeka ekujuleni kwama-30 m nokuningi, kepha ukwakhiwa kwawo kungenakusizakala ngokomnotho). Imithombo efakiwe yenziwa umjikelezo noma unxande. Izindonga zabo zibekwe ngokhuni, ngamatshe, kepha ikakhulukazi zenziwa ngezindandatho zikakhonkolo. Ukufutheka kufanele kuvikeleke ngokwethembekile okwami kusuka ku-surfarn effluent kuyo. Le njongo yamasongo kakhonkolo (noma okunye okubonakalayo kwe-trim) kubekwa ngokuqinile ku-cunmer ngosimende.Engxenyeni yendawo eseduze, ukukhiya ubumba u-1 m ububanzi kanye nokujula okungu-2 m kuyahlelwa, ngesidlo sasekuseni kusuka ezitini, itshe, asphalt noma ukhonkolo ngethambeka le-0.01 eliqondiswe enkabeni. Ingxenye engenhla yendawo ye-MantProof iyi-mantproof, ikhuphuka okungenani ngo-0,8 m ngaphezu komhlaba. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ukuphakama kwako kudlula ubukhulu obuphakathi kwesembozo seqhwa endaweni enikeziwe (amanzi ancibilikayo ngokuqondile kusuka ebusweni bomhlaba akufanele awele emthonjeni). I-headband kufanele ivalwe ngesembozo noma iqine ukukhonkotha ukhonkolo nge-hatch, futhi ibe nesivalo. Konke lokhu kubekwe ngaphansi kombhede noma edokodo elikhethekile. Uma kufanele usebenzise kahle ebusika, ukwakheka kukonke kufanele kubekwe ngokungenzi lutho. Ngokuvikelwa kwayo ekubandakanyeni, kusetshenziswa kuphela ukufakwa kwemvelo okufakwayo kwemvelo okusetshenziswayo, ngokwesibonelo, izinto ezinjalo ezingamakhemikhali i-inert polymer ezifana ne-foamizol, polystyrene Foam. Kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa uvolo wamaminerali kanye nokufakelwa kwe-asbestos, ngoba imicu yazo emincane iyingozi empilweni, kanye namanzi angenawo amanzi angenawo amanzi anciphisa ngokushisa kwezindawo zokufakelwa.
Ingxenye eqhutshwa ngamanzi komthombo kufanele idlule engxenyeni yamanzi bese ingena endaweni yokugcina amanzi aqinile okungenani 0.5 m, kepha kungabi ngaphezu kwe-2 m. Kunezimbobo zokuthola imali enkulu. Isihlungi esibuyiselwe emuva kusuka esibekiwe (ngokulandelana, ukubala kusuka phezulu kuya phansi) kwezingqimba zamatshe, imfucumfucu, isihlabathi senziwa ezansi. Isendlalelo ngasinye kufanele sibe nobukhulu okungenani ngamasentimitha angama-20. Ukungena umoya, kunconyelwa ukufaka i-Roonting Riser, lokhu kuzovimbela ukuqongelela okungenzeka kwama- "amagesi ayingozi" ezansi kwesakhiwo. Kunengqondo futhi ukuhlinzeka ngezitebhisi zokulungisa noma ukuhlanza kahle ngokuzayo. Kwenziwa kusuka kubakaki abaningi bensimbi, ukumelana nokugqwala.
Uma ukungcola kwento kuzongenelwa emthonjeni, kuzodinga ukuhlanzwa. Lapho amanzi amdaka eshaya kahle kudingeka abulale amagciwane. Ukubulala amagciwane kwenziwa ngochwepheshe be-SES (i-chlorine lime isetshenziselwa le nqubo). Ngemuva kokuphela kwegciwane, umthombo futhi udinga ukuhlanzwa. Kulokhu, amanzi akhipha kuwo, il kanye nongcolile kususwa ezindongeni. Ngemuva kokuhlanza sekuqediwe, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi kwelebhu ukuqiniseka ukuthi ukuphepha kwako.
Ukuphakamisa amanzi futhi ukondla endlini, imithombo ifakwe amadivayisi ngamadivayisi wokuphakamisa amanzi okubhuqa amanzi, noma amaphampu kagesi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Amadivayisi wesandla awakhululeki ekusebenzeni futhi angasetshenziswa kuphela njengemishini yezimo eziphuthumayo, uma kwenzeka ukuphuma kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, sizoshiya "amasango" kanye "nama-cranes" enkantolo yomlando futhi masinyane sidlulela emaphampu ukuze anikeze amanzi.
Imithombo yamanzi
Imithombo yamanzi ihlukaniswe ngama-superficial (amachibi, imifula, amachibi) nangaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphansi komhlaba, naphansi, ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-3: Amanzi aqukethwe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, yenhlabathi; Amanzi wenhlabathi angafakwanga kanye namanzi weplanethi angenawo amapulasitiki ajulile kunabo bonke abanye (abizwa ngokuthi yi-Interplaste, kusukela kwakhiwa amadwala, okukhawulelwe, kukhawulelwe ngaphakathi kwamanzi angangeni manzi angangeni manzi).
Ihlukaniswe nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okufuywayo kwendlu yezwe umthombo wamanzi kufanele uhambisane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
- Kuyinto enobungani bemvelo, hhayi ukuqukatha izinto eziyingozi empilweni, inani elikhulu lezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, kanye nokungcola okuguqula umbala, iphunga lamanzi. Inani lamapharamitha okuphuza amanzi alawulwa ngokuya ngezidingo zeSanpin n 4630-88 "Ukuvikelwa kwamanzi angaphezulu kusuka ekungcoleni" kubalwa inqwaba eningi. Ukuthola kahle ukuthi amanzi kufanelekile kulo mthombo wokuphuza, ngosizo lokuhlaziywa okwenziwe ngelebhu ekhethekile (ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezinkomba ezingama-23-50).
- Nikeza ngezinga lokugeleza kwamanzi esitebeleni sonke sokusebenzisa umthombo wamanzi. Ukuhlola izinga lokugeleza, umsebenzi wezazi ze-hydrogeologists uzodinga, okungenza ukuhlaziya okuthe xaxa noma okunembe kancani kokuvela kwe-aquifer ngokususelwa ezimfanelweni zendawo ejwayelekile neze-geodesic zendawo. Izindleko zale nsizakalo (ngokuhamba kochwepheshe endaweni) yi- $ 50-100.
Uma umthombo kufanele usetshenziselwe isikhathi eside, kusobala ukuthi ngaphansi kokuhlelwa kwayo kuyadingeka ukuze ubhekele hhayi kuphela ukwakheka kwamanzi ngqo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, kepha futhi noshintsho lwayo olungenzeka esikhathini esizayo . Le nhloso kufanele inqunywe indawo esemhlabathini yazo zonke izinsiza zokungcoliswa kwendle eziyingozi: izinhlelo zokuhlanza indle (ama-cesspools, ama-heather of pesticides kanye nomanyolo, amapulazi emfuyo, amathuna. Indawo yokuphuza amanzi kumele isuswe kuzo zonke izinhlaka ezinjalo okungenani ezingama-50 m ngaphezu komfula wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungena kwamanzi akunakuhlelwa ezindaweni ezivezwe ezikhukhungweni, ezindaweni ezimanzi, eduze kwezilwane zamanzi ezilwane, kanye namamitha angama-30 ukusuka kumamitha angama-30 ukusuka eMotor Movered. Kuzo zonke izimo, indawo yokuthathwa kwamanzi okusolwa ukuthi kufanele ihlanganiswe nommeleli wesifunda. Lapho kunqunywa ukuqina kwamanzi, ukuhlaziywa okudingekayo ngokomzimba, amakhemikhali kanye nama-bacteriogoliological kuzokwenziwa ngabasebenzi bensizakalo yokuhlanzeka kanye ne-epidemiological (uma kucatshangwa ukuthi amanzi azosetshenziselwa ukunisela kuphela, akudingekile ukwenza ukuhlaziya kwalo kuphela ).
Onobungane obuningi bamanzi aphakathi epulasitiki. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angakwazi ukusebenzela izidingo zezomnotho nokuphuza, kepha adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Amaphampu wokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi
Kunohlobo oluyinhloko lokuklama oluyinhloko lwamaphampu wokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kusuka ku-Wells: Amaphampu wokuzikhandla angaphezulu (afinyelela ku-7 m) futhi akhuphuke (afinyelela ku-9 m) ukujula kokukhulisa; Amaphampu angaphezulu akhulu (aze afike ku-45-50 m) ukujula kokujula; Amaphampu we-subsible (Well).Ngamunye wabo unezinzuzo zawo nokubi.
Amaphampu wokuzikhethela komhlaba. Lawa madivayisi athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi nabathengi. Bahluke kakhulu izindleko eziphansi (kungama-30-50% aphansi kunalokho kwamaphampu angenakukhiqizwa anokukhiqizwa okufanayo), okulula ekufakweni nasekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni (kusukela afakwa emhlabathini), ukusebenza okuphezulu. Uma uqala kuqala, udinga ukuthulula amanzi empompini enjalo ukugcwalisa ipayipi lokumunca. Uma uvula idivaysi kuzoncela uzithobe. Ama-Dodgeds alawa madivaysi angabangelwa ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kokumunca - akudluli ama-7 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho amaphampu namapayipi amanzi atholakala ebusweni bomhlaba, ukuvikeleka kwabo ekuqothulweni ngesikhathi sasebusika kuyadingeka .
Ngokwendlela yokupompa uketshezi, amaphampu angaphezulu asetshenziselwa ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwezindlu zezwe ahlukaniswe nge-centrifugal naseVortex. Ziyahlukahlukana ngomunye nomunye ngocingo lwe-Wheel (Pumps) Wheels kanye nomlingiswa wenhlangano ye-fluid. Kumaphampu afakwe enkabeni, uketshezi lungena engxenyeni esemqoka ye-impeller, kubanjwa ama-blades, okunikeza ukusheshisa okudingekile, okuthola engxenyeni yegumbi elisebenzayo. Amaphampu angangeni manzi umlohlisi linama-radial afulethi. Idizayini yabo injalo, iwela esikhaleni se-Inter-Opacker, i-liquid iqala ukunyakaza okujikelezayo, yakha "amavorti" amancane (anikeza igama lalolu hlobo lwamadivayisi), okuthi, ukuhlanganisa esiteshini sokusebenza, dala ukugeleza okunamandla kwamanzi. Ngama-diameters afanayo we-impeller, amaphampu we-vortex ayakwazi ukudala umfutho omkhulu wezikhathi ezi-2-4 kune-centrifugal efanayo.
Uma uqhathanisa amaphampu we-centrifugal kanye nama-vortex anezinkomba ezifanayo zengcindezi, kulula ukubona ukuthi i-vortex icwengekile kakhulu nge-centrifugal. Ukuhlangana okunjalo kuboniswa ngentengo yamaphampu weVortex kuzo zonke ezinye izinkomba ezilinganayo izikhathi 2-3 eshibhile kune-centrifugal. Kodwa-ke, amaphampu weVortex anezingqinamba ezibalulekile. Lawa madivayisi afuna kakhulu ebumsulwa uketshezi olugcwele. Ukushaywa kwazo okujwayelekile ngabo ngisho nenani elincane lezinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezimisiwe kuholela ekushintsheni kancane kancane ku-geometry eyinkimbinkimbi yama-blade, ngenxa yokuthi iphampu lilahlekelwa ukusebenza nengcindezi. Lezi zinqubo zilungele ukumpompela amanzi asevele egcwele, kepha hhayi kahle. Okunye ukudedela ngumsindo lapho usebenza - ama-vortex ama-ripples adala umsindo omkhulu futhi ongathandeki wemvamisa ephezulu. Iphampu yeVortex endaweni yokuhlala ngumakhelwane ongenakuthula. Isibonelo samaphampu alolu hlobo singasebenza njengochungechunge lochungechunge lwe-ST (Calpeda, Italy), Kpm (Speroni, Etaly), PB (Astra, Italy). Amaphampu agxile (ngaphandle kwe-ejector) afaka amamodeli ochungechunge lwe-CDX (Ebara, Italy, Japan), Ch I (Grundfos, Denmark - Germany), MC (Wilo, Wilo, eJalimane).
Ukwanda (kufika ku-9-10 m) ukujula kwamaphampu angaphezulu kwazo zonke izinhlobo kunqunywa ngokuba khona kwensiza eyengeziwe kuzo. Amanzi anikezwa ukufaka okufakwayo kwe-ejector ye-nozzle, okuvela kulo ngesimo se-jet eqinile esingena emgodini oxhunywe kwipayipi lokungena, lapho kunikezwa khona izimo ezinhle zokuthola amanzi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye izindleko zedivayisi zikhuphuka ngo-10-15%. I-Knasos, ifakwe nge-ejector (zivame ukubizwa, amaphampu e-ejector) afaka, ngokwesibonelo, amamodeli we-JP Series (Grundfos), iJex (eBara).
Amaphampu wokujula okuphezulu. Eqinisweni, kuyinhlanganisela yamaphampu amabili, ukuzimela komhlaba kanye ne-inkjet ejector. Iphampu elingaphezulu lixhumeke kwi-ejector engaphandle yangaphandle enamapayipi amabili. Omunye wabo ukhonza ukuhambisa amanzi phansi, ku-ejector, futhi wakha i-Jet yokumunca lapho, kanti owesibili - wokuphakamisa amanzi, ingxenye yawo ibuyela ku-ejector, futhi ingxenye ithunyelwa kwinethiwekhi yokusebenzisa. Inhlanganisela yephampu engaphezulu futhi yehliselwe emthonjeni (kahle) we-Inkjet Ejector ikuvumela ukuthi ukhulise amanzi kusuka ekujuleni kokufika kufinyelela kuma-50 m. Isibonelo sama-Series anjalo, i-CALPEDA). -Land), JDW (Pedrorlo) - Yonke I-Italy, Aqua Jet (TCL, United Kingdom).
Noma muva nje (eminyakeni embalwa edlule), amaphampu wokujula kokukhulisa okuphezulu ayedume kakhulu nabathengi. Kwachazwa futhi, ikakhulukazi inani eliphakeme lamaphampu ancintisanayo (i-borehole kanye kahle). Manje isimo semakethe sesishintshile kakhulu. Amaphampu angaphansi awile kakhulu (izikhathi ezi-2-3) ngakho-ke ukujula kokukhulisa okuphezulu okuphezulu kuphelelwe yisikhalo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuqhathaniswa nokungabonakali, banobunzima obuthile. Okokuqala, bonke 'banda kakhulu' umsebenzi olahlekelwa kalula ukuqina lapho ungena e-Air Ejector. Okwesibili, ngokwanda kokujula kokumunca, kwehla ngokusebenza kahle (kuze kufike ku-25%).
Njengamanye amaphampu angaphezulu, la madivayisi adinga ukuvimbela izindlu kusuka ekuqandeni. Kepha amaphampu wokujula okuphezulu kokumunca yibo kuphela abangafakwa endlini, noma ngabe umthombo unebanga elihle (kuze kube ngu-30-50 m). Uma umthombo usude kakhulu, ukulahleka kwengcindezi okuphansi kwepayipi kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu (ngemuva kwakho konke, kulokhu, kulokhu akukho umugqa owodwa wepayipi, kodwa amabili). Ukuze sinciphise ukulahleka kwengcindezi yamanzi ngobude bepayipi, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amapayipi kusuka kububanzi obukhulu bepulasitiki, obuholela ekwaziseni yonke inkemba yedivayisi.
Amaphampu wakho. Lawa ngamaphampu we-subrifugal ama-subrifugal, ahloselwe ngokukhethekile ukupompa amanzi ahlanzekile avela emithonjeni, amakamelo alandelwayo entwasahlobo (amathangi okuqoqa amanzi entwasahlobo), ukuphuza amathangi amanzi. Amadivayisi anezici ezithile zobuchwepheshe ezihlukanisa, zithi, kusuka kuma-drainage angaphansi komhlaba kanye ne-fecal. Amaphampu we-Well abalwa ekuphempini kwamanzi ngokuqukethwe okuqinile kwezinhlayiyana kwe-100 g / m3. Imvamisa amadivaysi anjalo ahloselwe "umndeni owodwa." Ngakho-ke izinkomba ezihambisanayo zokusetshenziswa okubaliwe kwamanzi nengcindezi ekhiqizwe yipompo. I-average averaliction conduction ihlinzeka ngamanzi ama-2-6m3 ngehora bese idala ingcindezi ku-50-70 m (ukuqhathanisa: Amaphampu wokudonsa ngokuvamile anomthamo we-10-20m3 / h, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi anciphise ama-5-10 m. Amaphampu akho ama-Knight afaka amamodeli ochungechunge oluthi "Aquarius" ("Djilex", Russia), Trend (oft, Italy), Pratika (NOCCHI). Vele, amaphampu amaningi angaphansi akhiqizwa amanye amafemu angasetshenziswa futhi.
Amaphampu Well aklanyelwe ukusebenza isikhathi eside esimweni sokucwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini. Amanzi yimvelo enolaka kahle, yingakho izidingo ezandayo zokwethenjwa kwazo zonke izinto zesakhiwo zedivayisi. Amasondo okusebenza amaphampu wezenhle enziwe kusuka kupulasitiki engamelana nokugqokwa (uchungechunge lwenkampani yenkampani ye-Italy) noma insimbi engenasici (i-MXS, uchungechunge lweCalpeda). Amasondo ensimbi aqine, amapulasitiki enziwa "intanta" (njengezimbali ze-motor kagesi) - I-backlash ibavumela ukuba 'bashiye' impilo yenkonzo.
Isici esibalulekile sephampu esiphilile futhi ukusebenza kahle. Zonke izinhlobo ze- "Beats" ze-CORS kufanele zingafakwa, noma yikuphi ukudlidliza kugwinya amanzi futhi kuphakamisa i-sediment. Leli phuzu lokubukwa kwamaphampu okudlidliza (okungukuthi, uhlobo lwamadivayisi lufaka phakathi "ukusakazwa" okuhlukahlukene kwasekhaya, lapho amandla adluliselwa khona emanzini ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwe-piston valve) anconyelwanga ngokuqhubekayo Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwabathengi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngokuzisebenzisa njalo kunesinqumo esisheshayo sekhala lemayini. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokudlidliza, "Ukuvuselela kabusha" kanye ne-Packal "Eminyene Eminyene Yenhlabathi esetshenziswayo engezansi (indlela efanayo esetshenziswayo, ngokwesibonelo, lapho kubeka ukuxutshwa kokhonkolo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya ezinhle ze-ragged of sediments ezingaphansi zithathwa ngamanzi akhona, zikungcolisa futhi, ziwela emapalini, zibe ngumthwalo owengeziwe ohlelweni lwezihlungi zokwelashwa kwamanzi.
Ukukhetha imishini yokupompa
Amapharamitha aphambili obuchwepheshe banoma yiliphi iphampu afaka okuphakelayo (ukusetshenziswa) nengcindezi. Ukwazi la magugu, ungaqala ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwedivayisi.
Ungakuthola kanjani ukugeleza okudingekayo nokucindezela kwepompo? Ngokusebenzisa, kulula kakhulu, kufanele kulingane nenani lezindleko zakho konke kufakwe amaphuzu akhomba endlini. Bala ukuthi mangaki la maphuzu amaningi, okungukuthi, ompompi wamanzi egumbini lokugezela, ethoyilethi, ekhishini, ungakhohlwa ukwenza lokho okugeza, i-bidet, ithangi lokudonsa, umshini wokuwasha amanzi. Phindaphinda inombolo ephumayo ku-coeffied enganele engu-0.8 (ngokwesilinganiso, kuzodingeka ukuthi uwafake konke ngasikhathi sinye ngamathuba we-0.6e0.8) futhi isilinganiso sokugeleza kwephuzu ngalinye elilingana no-0.6 m3 / h. Umphumela ungumphumela kanye nokusetshenziswa okudingekayo. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi emndenini ongemuhle "okhululekile" ngamaphuzu ama-4-5 amanzi okudla, ngokulandelana, iphampu ngokuhlinzekwa ngo-2.4-3m3 / h iyadingeka.
Ingcindezi oyifunayo igoqwa kusuka ezingxenyeni ezintathu. Okokuqala, kufanele wazi ukuthi mangaki amamitha adinga ukunyusa amanzi kusuka endaweni yokuphuma yepompo kuye endaweni ephezulu kakhulu yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi endlini. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukubheka ingcindezi yokusebenza kumapayipi, alingana okungenani nemigoqo emi-2 (ehambelana namamitha angama-20 wengcindezi) - Ingcindezi enjalo iyadingeka ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwemishini yasendlini. Ingxenye yesithathu yengcindezi kulo lonke ubude bepayipi lamanzi, ezingxenyeni zokumunca nokunikeza izigaba. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwenzeka ngenxa yesenzo samandla wokushayisana, avela epayipini phakathi kokugeleza koketshezi kanye nezindonga zepayipi. Ubude bokulahlekelwa buxhomeke ebubini bokuqukethwe okuvela kuwo amapayipi, ijubane lamanzi, kwenziwa nobude bepayipi. Kusuka kubukhulu bokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ngobude kwisayithi yokumunca, impendulo yombuzo incike ekutheni ingabe kusetshenziswa ipompo yokuzikhandla noma ye-suplensible kahle. Okulandelayo, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuphakama kwangempela kwepompo ngaphezulu kwesibuko samanzi nokulahleka kwengcindezi (ku-m) endaweni yokumunca, ukuhlanganisa amadijithi amabili bese uqhathanisa amadijithi alandelayo ngenani lepasipoti le ukuphakama okuphezulu. Uma inkomba yokuqala ingaphezulu, iphampu yokuzikhandla ayisetshenziswa.
Ake sichaze lesi esibonelweni. Ake sithi unamamitha angama-50 asendlini, ipompo ejwayelekile itholakala ezingeni lomhlabathi, amanzi - ekujuleni kwe-3 m, ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwa ku-3m3 / h, amapayipi kufanele asebenzise i-polymer, nge ububanzi obungaphakathi be-26.2 mm. Ukulahleka okulinganiselwe okulinganiselwa, ngokuya ngemininingwane yesethenjwa, ngaleli zinga lokugeleza nohlobo lwamapayipi kuzoba ngu-11 m nge-100 m Pipeline ubude. Ngo-50 m wepayipi, lokhu kulahlekelwa kuzolingana no-5.5 m. Sifingqa ukulahleka ngobude kanye nokujula kokuphakamisa amanzi, ngakho-ke, inani lingedlula i-8 m yokuvumelanisa okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka Sebenzisa iphampu yokuzikhandla.
Uma umthombo usukude ebangeni lamamitha angama-20-30 ukusuka endlini, futhi amanzi kuwo asuselwa ku-2-3 m, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu wokuzikhandla angangempela kwangempela. Uma umthombo usude ngamamitha angama-50 ukusuka endlini, kulelo hlobo lamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwephampu okuzimisele endaweni sekuvele kuyinkinga (ngempendulo yokugcina, kudingeka ukubalwa okunembile). Ekude noma ekujuleni, kungenzeka kakhulu. Kulokhu, umnikazi kufanele akhethe phakathi kwephampu ye-submerible flow nephampu ngokujula okukhulu kokumunca. Sikhulume ngokuntuleka kokugcina.
Uma unenhlanhla yokuthola kahle emhlabathini, futhi ngisho namanzi akuwo awakuthengi ngokujulile kakhulu iphampu yokuzikhandla bese uyibeka endaweni ethile engaphansi. Amadivaysi anjalo akhiqizwa cishe kuwo wonke amafemu abhekelele ekwenziweni kwemishini yokupompa. Ungasho uCalpeda, Nocchi, Speroni (Italy), i-Grundfos (Denmark - Germany), eBara (Italy- Japan), iWilex (Russia). Siphinde sibe namaphampu "ahlukile" nezinhlelo zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele - ukuze zikhulume, iziteshi zempompo ezincane. Ngaphezu kwephampu uqobo, kunethangi le-hydroaccumulating (kuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi) futhi yonke ikhithi ye-automation edingekayo ukulawula umsebenzi wenkimbinkimbi nokulawula kulo msebenzi. Thenga zonke izakhi zokufakwa kwezindlu noma endaweni eyodwa- njengoba zisho, icala lokunambitha. Ukuhlelwa kwefektri kokufakwa kuqeda amathuba okufakwa okungalungile. Uhlangothi oluqinile, lokhu kufakwa kufakwe amathangi aqongelela ama-hydro wevolumu encane (imvamisa akuwona amalitha angama-24, yize, ekufakweni kukaJeta we-Jeta hydronia, ithangi lisetshenziswa ngamandla ka-50 l) , futhi akufanele ukonga ngevolumu yethangi.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwephampu kubizwa ngokuthi umthamo we-fluid fluid ivolumu ngeyunithi yesikhathi. Ingcindezi ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhuphuka kokuthile (okuhlobene neyunithi yesisindo) yamandla omshini woketshezi olugeleza ngokusebenzisa ipompo, noma inani eliphelele lamandla elibikwe yi-pump yesisindo soketshezi. Uhlanjululwe kumamitha wekholomu yamanzi, ingcindezi ikhombisa ukuphakama lapho uketshezi lungaphakanyiswa kusetshenziswa le divayisi:
H = (P2 - P1) / (r g) + (v21 - v22) / 2G + Z. lapha P1, p2- z. Here P1, p2- (p2 (ingcindezi ku-ketshezi ezigabeni ngaphambi nangemva kwephampu, PA; V1, v2 velocity of fluid ezingxenyeni ezifanayo, m / s; I-R-Density of fluid, kg / m3; Ibanga elibheke phezulu phakathi kwezilinganiso zokucindezela P1 ne-P2, m; G-ukusheshisa kwamandla adonsela phansi, m / s2.
Ukulahleka kwamandla ku-polymer namapayipi amanzi ensimbi *
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, m3 / h | Amapayipi we-polymer | Amapayipi amanzi ensimbi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ububanzi obungaphakathi, mm | Ububanzi bemizi, amayintshi | ||||||||
| 20.4 | 26,2 | 32.6 | 40.8. | 1/2 | 3/4 | okukodwa | 1 1/4 | 1 1/2 | |
| I-0,6 | 1,8. | I-0,66 | 0.27. | 0.085 | 9,91 | I-2.407 | 0,784. | - | - |
| 0.9 | okune | 1,14 | I-0,6 | 0.18. | I-20,11 | 4,862. | 1,57. | 0.416. | - |
| 1,2 | 6,4. | 2,2 | 0.9 | 0.28. | 33.53. | 8,035 | 2,588. | I-0,677 | 0.346. |
| 1,8. | 13 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 0.57. | 69,34. | 16.5 | 5,277 | 1,379 | I-0,7 |
| 2,4. | 22. | 7.5 | 3,3. | 0.93 | - | 27,66. | 8,82. | 2,29 | 1,16 |
| 3. | 37. | ishumi nanye | 4.8. | 1,4. | - | 41,4. | 13,14 | 3,403. | 1,719 |
| 3.6 | 43. | ishumi nanhlanu | 6.5 | 1.9 | - | 57.74 | 18,28 | 4,718 | 2,375 |
| 4,2 | amashumi amahlanu | ishumi nesishayagalombili | isishiyagalombili | 2,5 | - | 76,49. | 24,18 | 6,231 | 3,132 |
| 4.8. | 25. | 10.5 | 3. | - | - | 30.87. | 7.94 | 3,998 | |
| 5,4. | amashumi amathathu | Okuqophele imali | I-3.5 | - | - | 38.3. | 9,828. | 4,927 | |
| Idolo ngaphansi kwama-90, ukuvalwa okuvaliwe | okukodwa | okukodwa | 1,1 | 1,2 | 1,3 | ||||
| Tees, hlola ama-valves | okune | okune | okune | isihlanu | isihlanu | ||||
| * - Izinombolo zisho ukulahleka kwe-isiporoni (ku-m) ngawo wonke amapayipi ayi-100 m. Ukulahleka kwamandla kubhontshisi kanye nokuqiniswa, kuvezwe ngobude obuhambisanayo kwepayipi eliqondile (ku-M), kubhalwe kumigqa emibili yokugcina yetafula |
Kanye nohlu lwemodeli
Ngokusho kwengcindezi ekhiqizwayo, amaphampu wamanzi wazo zonke izinhlobo ahlukaniswe nge- (h 20 m), phakathi- (h = 20-60 m) kanye nengcindezi ephezulu (h 60 m). Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwamadolobha, kusetshenziswa umfutho wejubane eliphakeme. Ingcindezi ephezulu eyenziwe ngamaphampu wokuzikhandla kanye nezindawo zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ezenzelwe amanzi zingama-40-50 m. Ngakho-ke, i-jp5 ephezulu yepompo (i-grundfos) ingu-43 m; Imodeli STM 61/8 (Calpeda) ngu-41 m; I-HWJ 301 Pump (Wilo) - 45 m. Amaphampu amaningi adala ingcindezi enkulu kancane - kubaholi be-IDROGO MPE (eBARA) ngokucindezela okukhulu kwe-80 m. Uma udinga ukudala ingcindezi engaphezu kuka-80-80 m (ngokwesibonelo, uma umthombo ebangeni elikhulu ukusuka ekhaya) uvame ukusebenzisa amaphampu we-borehole aphezulu. By the way, ibanga elikhulu emthonjeni, amaphampu nge-ejector yangaphandle asebenza ngempumelelo.Ukukhetha iphampu elingaphezulu, kufanelekile ukunaka lokho okuqukethwe kwezindlu zalo. Ingaphonsa insimbi noma insimbi engagqwali. Icala le-cast yensimbi linzima, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-iron cast itholakala kakhulu ekugcinweni kwezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosawoti eziqukethwe emanzini. Kepha icala elinjalo lincane "linomsindo", futhi uma ipompo yamaphampu itholakala eduze kwekamelo lokulala, lo mzuzu kumele ubhekwe.
Kothile lapho kukhethwe iphampu, kungenzeka ukuthi. Phakathi kwezilungiselelo ezihlangene kakhulu kukhona amamodeli we-MQ (ama-Grundfos) anobukhulu obukhulu ka-572232 cm. Lezi zilungiselelo zingabekwa ngokoqobo eshalofini lasekhishini.
Lapho ukhetha ipompo engaphansi, kuyadingeka ukugxila kokuqukethwe okwenziwa yilowo omplelisayo - ngokugxila okuphezulu emanzini ezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinto zamasondo ezinsimbi ezingagqwali. Ungase futhi ukhethe ipompo ngokususelwa ekuhlelweni kwenjini yayo nengxenye ye-hydraulic (impeller, ipayipi lokumunca nge-grille yokuhlunga). Uma ingxenye ye-Hydraulic itholakala ngezansi, injini ipholile ngamanzi ampompo. Uhlelo olunjalo lokupholisa (amaphampu "Buran" kusuka ku- "DJLeks" kanye ne-MXS kusuka ku-calpeda) ngempumelelo ukwedlula lapho injini itholakala ezansi, futhi ingxenye ye-hydraulic phezulu (i-hydraulic "engxenyeni ye-" Djleaks ", 10s13blm kusuka ku-Webtrol, e-USA ). Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungakhethi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokupholisa kubonakaliswa kuphela ngemibandela yokuhamba okulinganiselwe koketshezi, ngokwesibonelo emthonjeni omncane; Emthonjeni, umehluko awubonakali kangako. Uhlangothi oluqinile, ongezansi ezindlini kukhona ingxenye yokudla kwamanzi, okukukhulu kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe zamaphampu anjalo ephampu kudinga ukuqhakaza kwengxenye ye-When-eqhutshwa ngumthombo ngo-0.5-1 m.
Izindleko eziphelele zekhithi yemishini yepompo engaphansi zivame ukuphakama kancane kunokuthola iphampu ejulile yokumunca komhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, izesekeli ezingeziwe ezisetshenziswa ohlelweni oluthile lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi zinomthelela omkhulu kwizindleko zokugcina. Sizogxila kubo.
Izesekeli nokufakwa kwamaphampu
Imininingwane okubaluleke kunakho konke ukufakwa futha zihlanganisa amathangi hydroaccumulating (hydroaccumulators), isheke valve, amadivayisi ukuvikelwa "unhlangothi ezomile" futhi voltage Ugxumela inethiwekhi, kanye instrumentation (ingcindezi switch, ingcindezi gauge).
Ukubalwa kwenani lezakhi zobuchwepheshe zohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kusetshenziswa i-submerible kahle eurojet (Umbra pompe, e-Italy)
| N. | Igama lomkhiqizo | Inombolo ye | Amayunithi. phendula | Intengo, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| okukodwa | I-Eurojet Pum | okukodwa | PC. | 264. | 264. |
| 2. | Ukulingana 11/4 "-11/4" I-PP yethusi | okukodwa | PC. | 2,12 | 2,12 |
| 3. | Bheka i-valve Vre 32 | okukodwa | PC. | 8.14. | 8.14. |
| okune | I-Adapter PND RE 401 "P | okukodwa | PC. | 3,36. | 3,36. |
| isihlanu | I-Adapter PND RE 4011/4 »P | okukodwa | PC. | 3,49. | 3,49. |
| 6. | Galnik pnd re 40 | 2. | PC. | 5,68. | 11.35 |
| 7. | Pnd pnd noma 40 pn 12.5 | 28. | M. | 2,13 | 59,64. |
| isishiyagalombili | Wensimbi ayinakwezinsimbi Ikhebula 4.5mm | amashumi amabili | M. | 1,94 | 38.80 |
| isishiyagalolunye | I-5-pin r5v efanelekayo | okukodwa | PC. | 3,3. | 3,3. |
| Okuthenyalwayo | Mada 50/6 ingcindezi gauge | okukodwa | PC. | 4,15 | 4,15 |
| ishumi nanye | FCG 2 ingcindezi edluliselwe | okukodwa | PC. | 9.35 | 9.35 |
| Okuqophele imali | Hose tf 800 fc ngensimbi. Braken ninc. | okukodwa | PC. | 10.31 | 10.31 |
| 13 | I-Vec 50 v Hydroaccumulator (varorm) | okukodwa | PC. | 76,48. | 76,48. |
| -Nke | 494,49. | ||||
| Qaphela. Ukusebenza kwepompo - 3m3 / h, ingcindezi, 50 m. Ukujula komthombo - 20 m, ipayipi elinezinguquko ezimbili, endlini - amaphuzu amabili asuselwa emanzini. |
Amadivaysi okuvikela kusuka ku- "stroke owomile" (asebenza ngokuhle, ngaphandle kwamanzi) kanye nama-voltage jumps kunethiwekhi yakhelwe ukuguqula ukusebenza kwephampu. Amaphampu wakho ahlinzekwa ngeyunithi yokulawula kude ye-automation, efakwe ngaphakathi (ngokusebenza okulula). I-KTAKOV ifaka amadivaysi e-Idomat (Calpeda), LC (Grundfos), i-fluidControl (WiLO), Q1EPM, Q1ET (MWR (MWR (MWR (MWR (MWR, Italy). Phakathi kwawo, bahluke ebangeni lamanani achaziwe engcindezi yokusebenza kwamanzi (kusuka ku-0.05 kuya ku-16 bar), isikhathi sokuphendula "ngesilinganiso semizuzwana engu-8-10 ), amathuba okuguqula amapharamitha alawulwayo futhi, ngokufanele, intengo ($ 130- 300). Kubuye kube nzima uhlobo lwenjini esetshenziswe ephampu. Isibonelo, imodeli ye-Q1EPM yakhelwe i-single-Phase, kanye ne-Q1EP- kuma-motor kagesi wesigaba ezintathu.
Amadivaysi angeziwe afakwe amaphampu akho afaka ama-valves e-Check. Bavimbela ukuthulula ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuhlinzekwayo lapho impompo imiswa. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthola ukuthembeka okuningi, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuhlinzekwayo kufakwe ngasikhathi sinye ngama-valves amabili okuhlola - okubekwe ngokushesha ngemuva kwephampu, kanti enye isemnyango wendlu. Izinto zokukhiya ze-Valve Valve zingenziwa ngepulasitiki noma yethusi, futhi zethusi zithathwa njengezethenjelwe ngokwengeziwe. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezindawo zokuhlola banezinkampani eziningi ezivela e-Italy: Bugatti, FIV, Rasterelli, IVR, APM. Amanani entengo yama-valves e-Check ancike kububanzi bepayipi futhi atholakala ngemikhiqizo yethusi ebangeni kusuka ku- $ 2 (ngo-1/2 '' ububanzi) kuya ku- $ 10 (11/2 '').
Ukuxhuma i-elekhtrociable, ukuncipha kokushisa noma ukugcwalisa iziqobelo kuyasetshenziswa. Intambo yokuphakelayo kufanele ibe nezingqimba ezi-2 zokufakelwa, futhi igobolondo layo akufanele lithinte izindawo zamanzi eziphilayo. Okwamaphampu angaphezulu, kukhona "i-Eurorese" enesisekelo.
Umklamo wepayipi lokucindezela uyisihloko esihlukile, nakanjani sizobuyela kukho.
Ukubalwa kwezindleko zezakhi zobuchwepheshe zohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kusetshenziswa i-Deep Suction Pump 20 NGM 29 (Calpeda) nge-ejector yangaphandle
| N. | Igama lomkhiqizo | Inombolo ye | Amayunithi. phendula | Intengo, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| okukodwa | Pump 20 ngm 29 nge-ejector | okukodwa | PC. | 249,46. | 249,46. |
| 2. | Bheka i-valve Vre 25 | okukodwa | PC. | 5,17 | 5,17 |
| 3. | Ukulingana 1 "-1" I-PP yethusi | okukodwa | PC. | okukodwa | okukodwa |
| okune | Buyisela i-valve grid | okukodwa | PC. | I-1.09. | I-1.09. |
| isihlanu | Ipayipi pnd re 40 pn 12.5 | 28. | M. | 2,13 | 59,64. |
| 6. | Ipayipi pnd re 32 pn 12.5 | 28. | M. | 1,4. | 39,20 |
| 7. | Galnik pnd re 40 | 2. | PC. | 5,68. | 11.36 |
| isishiyagalombili | Galnik pnd re 32 | 2. | PC. | 3,25 | I-6.50 |
| isishiyagalolunye | I-Adapter Re 321 "m (ithusi) | okukodwa | PC. | 3,64. | 3,64. |
| Okuthenyalwayo | I-Adapter Re 401 1/4 »m (Brass) | okukodwa | PC. | 6. | 6. |
| ishumi nanye | I-Adapter Re 321 "P (Brass) | okukodwa | PC. | 3,76. | 3,76. |
| Okuqophele imali | I-Adapter Re 401 "P | okukodwa | PC. | 6. | 6. |
| 13 | Kit compounds 1 "- 1", 11/4 "- 11/4" | okukodwa | PC. | 12.93 | 12.93 |
| -Nke | 405,75 | ||||
| Qaphela. Ukusebenza kwepompo - 1,2m3 / h, ingcindezi - 48 m. Ukujula - 30 m, ipayipi elinezinguquko ezimbili, endlini - amaphuzu amabili ekwelashweni kwamanzi (ompompi bamanzi amabili). |
Ukubalwa kwezindleko zohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kusetshenziswa isiteshi sepompo esizenzakalelayo se-self-priming se-wp 45/43 (nocchi)
| N. | Igama lomkhiqizo | Inombolo ye | Amayunithi. phendula | Intengo, $ | Izindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| okukodwa | I-WP 45/43 MC Pumpering Station | okukodwa | PC. | 148.5 | 148.50 |
| 2. | Ipayipi pnd re 32 pn 12.5 | ishumi nanhlanu | M. | 1,4. | 21.00. |
| 3. | I-adapter pnd re 321 "P | 2. | PC. | 1,93 | 3,86. |
| okune | Galnik pnd re 32 | 2. | PC. | 3,25 | I-6.50 |
| isihlanu | Bheka i-valve Vre 25 | okukodwa | PC. | 5,17 | 5,17 |
| 6. | Buyisela i-valve grid | okukodwa | PC. | I-1.09. | I-1.09. |
| -Nke | Ngo-186,1 | ||||
| Qaphela. Umthamo wesiteshi ngu-2,4 m3 / h, ingcindezi ingu-45 m. Ukujula kokutholwa kungu-9 m, umthamo wethangi eliqongelelwa nge-hydro - 24 l; Izindlu zepompo zenziwe ngensimbi. |