Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yeminyango yokungena: izidingo eziyisisekelo zeminyango yesimanje, i- "anatomy" yangaphakathi, izici zeminyango yabakhiqizi, amanani.
Idizayini yohlaka nebhokisi leminyango elenziwe ngepayipi elingunxande (imodeli "amabha / amabha"):
1. I-foam ekhuphukayo
2. Ukwakhiwa kwalolokhi
3. Inqaba
4. Ukuvikelwa Okungasuswa Ukuvinjwa
5. Ukushisa Kwangaphakathi Ne-Insulator yomsindo
6. Ishidi lokuvikela ngaphandle
7. Qeda ngaphandle
8. Isancinza esivikelayo
9. Loop
10. Izinto Zobunzima Bangaphakathi
11. Amaphrofayli okhiye wokulungisa
Amaphaneli wezinkuni massif massif
Ngaphezu kwenqaba, noma yimuphi umnyango awuvimbi i-valve evaliwe yezandla
Ukuhlobisa i-facade yesici esibalulekile sendlu yomnyango wangaphambili
Imakethe yeminyango yokungena yaqala ukuthuthuka ngasekupheleni kwama-80s-ekuqaleni kwama-90s, lapho umbuzo wezokuphepha "ekuhlukaniswe ngezindlu ngokuhlukile" wawunobunzima obukhulu. Namuhla, ukukhiqizwa kwale mikhiqizo kubandakanyekile kuzo zombili izinkampani ezinkulu ezithengisa izinto ezifika ezindlini ezingama-300 ngenyanga kanye nobuciko obuncane. Futhi izindleko zezimo ezahlukahlukene zingahluka kusuka ku- $ 100 kuya ku- $ 1500 nangaphezulu
Sibhala izidingo eziyisisekelo iminyango yokungena yesimanje kufanele ilungiselelwe:
- amandla okuvikela indawo yokuhlala ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe;
- amandla okumelana nezimo ezingezinhle zesimo sezulu futhi athobele amazinga wokufakelwa komsindo, okungukuthi, ukuba "nokuqhubeka kodonga";
- ukubukeka okuhle komzimba; Lula futhi ukuthembeka kusetshenziswe.
I-Gost eyinhloko, ngokusho kwayo namuhla eqinisekiswa yiminyango yokungena ekhaya, - R 51072-97, ibizwa ngokuthi "iminyango yokuvikela. Izidingo zokuhlola ukumelana nokugenca nokuzijabulisa." Leli Zinga lisebenza kwimikhiqizo emisha ethuthukile, ethuthukisiwe futhi engenisiwe. Ukumelana nomnyango wokuqhekeka kunqunywa ngokuhlola, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele, ugesi, okushisayo, ahlukaniswe izinhlobo namakilasi. Ngokuhlola, umenzi uhlinzeka ngezimpawu zobuchwepheshe ezinemininingwane nemidwebo yomkhiqizo, kanye namasampula akhethiwe agunyaziwe. Ukuhlolwa kwe-workshop kunquma isikhathi lapho umnyango ungavulwa khona noma uvule ngokuphelele lapho usebenzisa amathuluzi athile. Okulandelayo, isikhathi sokuhlola siphindaphindwe nge-coefficial ephakeme kakhulu ye-coeffred kanye nenani lamanani ayisisekelo awo wonke amathuluzi asetshenzisiwe angezwe kulo mkhiqizo. Umphumela uba inani lokumelana nokugenca futhi umnyango wabela isigaba esifanele sokuqina.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwama-90s eYurophu, kwakungekho uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesitifiketi (ukumaka) kweminyango evikelayo, kepha ngo-1999. Kwamanye amazwe, kuye kwakha. Izindinganiso ezintsha ezihlangene ne-Italian, i-Austrian, ama-Dutch namazinga amaDashi zabizwa ngokuthi i-Env 1627-1630 zangena zangena ku-2000. Ukuxhumana nabo kuye kwenziwa izivivinyo zeminyango ka-3, futhi iminyango ngokwayo ihlukaniswe ngamakilasi ayi-6 ngokugqekeza (la makilasi achazwa, njengasesitimelweni sezivakashi saseRussia, izinhlobo zamathuluzi wesikhashana). Ngaphezu kokuqokwa kwamanani, amakilasi asene-alfabhethi (a, B, C, D, E). Futhi isigaba sokuqala sencwadi asibelwe, ngoba kubhekisele eminyango ejwayelekile yangaphakathi enokhiye wokukhiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzamo wokufika. I-Classsesd ne-E babelwa kwimikhiqizo yezikhungo zasebhange. Enye yama-prototypes wedokhumenti entsha kwakuyi-Italian Standard Uni9569, eyavela ngo-1989.
Izincazelo ku-Gost R 51072-97
Umnyango wokuvikela uwukumelana nedivaysi yokugenca equkethe uhlaka lomnyango nendwangu elungisiwe yewebhu. Isikhundla esikhuphukayo silungisiwe ebhokisini sisebenzisa idivaysi yokukhiya noma indlela yokukhiya ehambelana nesigaba esincane sokumelana nokuqhekeka kwamadivaysi afanayo eminyango yesitolo samanani (ngokusho kwe-gost r 50862).Indlela yokukhiya iqoqo lawo wonke amadivaysi okukhiya kanye nezinto zamandla (amaBollards, CasOV, njll), enikezela ukukhiya iminyango.
Ukugenca isenzo somnyango, okuhloswe ngaso ukuphazamisa ubuqotho bomnyango noma izakhi zezakhiwo zalo ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okuyingxenye noma okuphelele ezakhiweni ezavikelwe yizo.
Ukumelana nekhono lomnyango ukuze umelane nokugenca, okuvezwe kwizici zobuningi ze-EU.
Ukufinyelela okuyingxenye kungumphumela wokugenca okubonakaliswa yindlela yephethini yokuhlola eqinile yobukhulu obusunguliwe esikhaleni esingaphakathi egumbini elivikelwe emgodini.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele, nokususa umnyango, kuvulela umnyango ububanzi okungenani abangama-300mm.
Kuyadingeka ukugcizelela futhi ukuthi amakilasi okuvikela achazwa ngamazinga asentshonalanga awahambisani ngokuphelele nesiRussia ngenxa yomehluko ngendlela yokuhlola.
Namuhla, zimbalwa ezinkampani zasekhaya kanye nabathengisi abakhiqizi abangeniswayo ziqinisekiswa yimikhiqizo yabo, yize le yindaba yenkulungwane yamadola (izindleko zokudla kwamasampula eminyango yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene). Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuqinisekiswa okuphoqelekile kweminyango yokungena akudingeki umthetho, ukwenziwa kwalo kungokuzithandela. Abathengisi abaningi, bekhuluma ngezitifiketi zempahla ehlongozwayo, bavame ukudidanisa isitifiketi sokukhiqizwa uqobo (ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza) ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo kanjalo. Isitifiketi se-Universated Universal singavumela umthengi ngamunye ukuthi azulazule kalula emakethe futhi angabuzwa umthengisi wezinkinga ezingadingekile, ngokuzayo ukuthenga umnyango wokungena nge-Intanethi, ethembeni, isigaba, design, kanye okunjalo.
Ngaphezu kwezivakashi, emnyango njengengxenye yesakhiwo sokwakha sendlu, amazinga okwakha asatshalaliswa (ukwehlisa). Imvamisa, indawo yi-2M2 yobuncane. I-Ion, njengodonga, kufanele kuvikele igumbi kusuka kubanda, umsindo kanye nokusalungiswa. Imisuka Kunemithethonqubo yokufakwa komsindo, ukuphefumula kanye nokuphakelayo okushisayo, okumele kuthengwe yiminyango ethengiwe.
Ngeminyango yokungena efulethini, ukubhekelwa umoya kunikezwa inani le-GNN (KG / (M2H)) futhi akwedluleli u-1.5. Inkomba yokufakelwa komsindo womoya ayinakuba ngaphansi kwama-30 db. Lezi zinkomba kumele ziqoshwe kwisitifiketi sokuvumelana komnyango othengisiwe, uma kuqinisekiswa ngokugcwele. Ngokuqondene nokumelana kokushisa kokushisa, inani layo lichazwa njengenani elilingana no-0.6 kusuka kwinkomba yokumelana nodonga lapho kufakwa khona umnyango.
Ama-aesthetics okuvela komnyango, induduzo yokusebenzisa yimingcele ye-subjective futhi ngenxa yalokho ayilawulwa. Ukwethembeka komsebenzi wezikhiye kanye nomnyango uqobo uboniswa ezibophweni zewaranti yomenzi noma, njengenketho, emthethweni ngokuvikelwa kwamalungelo abathengi.
Namuhla, iningi labathengi baseRussia ligxile ekufakweni kweminyango yensimbi futhi, okungenani, nezinqaba ezimbili. Uma wahlulela ngesiphakamiso semakethe yaseMoscow, ngaphezu kwabakhiqizi basekhaya, ingxenye enhle yeYurophu inakekela ukuphepha kwethu. Abathengisi abaningi bathi sekuyisikhathi eside abanikezeli ukungenisa iminyango, kepha bavumelaniswa nokungafani kwesimo sezulu sethu kanye namakhono obugebengu 'bethu "nezindlu" zethu zobugebengu.
Ngokuya ngekhwalithi yokusebenza, imikhiqizo yaseRussia ihluke okuncane kusuka kwamanye amazwe - kusetshenziswa izingidi ezingenisiwe, kusetshenziswa izinto ezifanayo zanamuhla zokuklama kwangaphandle neyangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "kukhona" iminyango "engenisiwe" yomhlangano waseRussia (ake sithi, ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lomkhiqizo lweMul-T-Lock). Imikhiqizo yasekhaya yenziwa, njengomthetho, ngaphansi kobukhulu obuthile bokuvula. Iminyango yaseRussia imvamisa ingeniswa. Imvamisa, lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kweshidi lensimbi elibanzi ekwakhiweni (njengomthetho, amamaki wesakhiwo asemongweni). Imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi baseRussia iyakhanga ngesilinganiso se- "Price-Qualit", ihlangabezana nezidingo ze-SINPS futhi ayinikezwa kuphela ngezinketho eziningi zokwakhiwa kwangaphandle, kodwa futhi nasezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, umklami kanye nezixazululo zezobuchwepheshe.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuklanywa kokuhlobisa iminyango yokungena
| Uhlobo Lomklamo Wokuhlobisa | Isithunzi | Okubi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukupenda kwe-powder kweshidi lensimbi yangaphandle noma i-coating yefilimu yayo ye-PVC | Ngokomnotho, ukumelana nomoya | Ukufakwa okunengqondo okunganele; Ukuqondaniswa komhlaba kanye nombala walo olandelayo kudinga ishidi elingaphandle elinobukhulu okungenani be-2.5mm |
| I-MDF ebushelelezi ye-MDF ebushelelezi, ipulasitiki evuthiwe | Ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu nokufakwa okuzwakalayo, Ukukhetha okukhulu kombala nokuthungwa, ukumelana nesimo sezulu | Ukubukeka okungelona okuyisisekelo (Isinyathelo esilandelayo ngemuva komnyango we-Upholstery wesikhumba se-Vinyl-Isikhumba ngezinkinobho) |
| IPulate ye-MDF enomshini we-CNC kwimishini ye-CNC, ifilimu le-PVC le-LaminAted | Ukubuka okuvumayo, ukumelana okuhle kokuvikelwa kanye nezinkomba zokufakwa okuzwakalayo, ukukhethwa okukhulu kokuthungwa kanye nephethini yokugaya, ukumelana nesimo sezulu | Intengo ingu-30-40% ephakeme kunangesikhathi sokuhlanganisa amaphaneli epulasitiki abushelelezi e-MDF |
| I-MDF ngokugaya ngemishini ye-CNC edwetshwe ama-enamels | Izinhlobo eziqinile futhi ezicebile, ukukhethwa okukhulu kwemidwebo nemibala, kufaka phakathi upende wensimbi, ukufakwa komsindo okuphezulu, ukumelana nesimo sezulu | Intengo ingu-50-100% ephakeme kunangesikhathi sokuhlanganisa amaphaneli epulasitiki abushelelezi e-MDF |
| Ipuleti elibushelelezi le-MDF, i-veneer veneer nge-milling umdwebo kwimishini ye-CNC | Ukubuka okubonakalayo, ukufakwa okuhle komsindo | Ukubonakala konakaliswa ngokuqinile iqiniso lokuthi ukwakheka kwe-MDF kuyabonakala kuma-rougins wokugaya |
| Amaphaneli ahlanganisiwe we-MDF, i-veneer veneer | Ukukhetha okukhulu kwezixazululo zomklami; Amaphaneli angaphakathi weminyango yokungena angenziwa ngokuhambisana ngokuphelele neminyango yezangaphandle; Ukufakwa okuhle komsindo | Asikho isiqinisekiso sokumelana nesimo sezulu; Intengo eyodwa yephaneli- $ 200-300 |
| Amaphaneli afuywayo avela kuhlu olungu-100% wokhuni olubalulekile | Ukubuka okubonakalayo, ukukhetha okukhulu kwezixazululo zomqambi; Ukufakwa okuhle komsindo | Intengo ephakeme (iphaneli evela kuhlu lwe-oki - $ 250-600); Uhlu lwezinkuni "luphilayo" lungokoqobo, futhi akekho ozonikeza iwaranti ukuthi ngokuzayo iphaneli ngeke liqhekeke (ikakhulukazi ngemuva komnqamulajuqu wewaranti emnyango) |
Umnyango we-anatomy
Ngokusho kobuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwamandla okukhiqiza, yonke iminyango ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:- Ngebhokisi nohlaka, enziwe kuphela kusuka kuphrofayili egoqiwe noma ebandayo egoqwe (yonke iminyango yokungenisa kanye nesiRussia).
- Ngebhokisi nohlaka oluvela kwipayipi elijwayelekile elingunxande.
- Emiklamweni yazo esetshenziswayo futhi egobile (noma ebandayo) iphrofayili, kanye neshubhu elijwayelekile elingunxande.
Ukwakheka kwephrofayili kunquma ukuqina nokuqina komklamo. Ukuqina okukhulu kakhulu kunephrofayili "evaliwe". Isibonelo, umucu wephrofayili ongabaza kakhulu, unzima ngokwengeziwe, amabhendi amabili ahlanganisiwe, okungukuthi, ekhoneni; Amakhona amabili ahlanganisiwe anikeza ipayipi elingunxande (i-ato sekuvele iphrofayili evaliwe), okubuye kwandise ukumelana nokukhubazeka. Uma kungukubumbana ngokwengeziwe ukwakheka kwe-geometric kwengxenye yephrofayili yephrofayili, izingxenye ezivalekile kakhulu, ezinamandla kanye nokwakhiwa okunamandla, okwenziwe ngakho. Yehlisa ukuqina kwephrofayili yokuqina kwezikhiye (ama-mapps emnyango nasebhokisini). Ukunaka usayizi wesigaba sephrofayili kumele futhi kube ngokunembile ngoba kudingeka ezinye izingikhi, ubukhulu bomnyango we-canvase kuyadingeka. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphrofayli agobekile noma amakhaza avumela ukwakheka kweminyango kube lula, ngenombolo encane yamaphoyinti we-welding. Kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nokwakhiwa kokukhiqizwa.
Uhlaka oluphelile lomnyango olunezinhlangothi zombili noma nhlangothi zombili, amashidi ensimbi ento afakwa. Ekukhiqizeni okuhlomele kahle, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile kakhulu: umnyango wenziwa eshidini eliqinile elibandayo elibandayo, imiphetho yayo yokugoba ukuze uhlaka lwamandla nephaneli yomnyango, iningi Abakhiqizi abangenisiwe bakule ndlela). Uhlaka lwamandla lusekelwa izimbambo eziqinile futhi lugcwele izinto eziphula ukushisa (uboya obunamaminerali noma i-polyurethane. Uhlaka lwe-xylovoy lubhalwe phansi ibhokisi noma amapuleti avikela inqaba (lapha inketho engcono kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwama-mobiles we-mobilese ase-alloyen). Izinto zokuhlunga zidlala indima ye-insulator yomsindo neye-thermal. I-MinVata ne-Polyurethane kufanele kube yiproyurethane (ngaphandle kokukhethwa kwezinto ezinoshevu kuya ku-800c ngokushisa).
Izikhiye - Into ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakhiwa komnyango, ngezinga lemfihlo yabo nokumelana nokuqhekeka kokuqhekeka ngo-90% kuncike ekuhlolweni kwayo. Izikhiye ezithandwayo ezinikezela ukukhiya okwengeziwe ngenxa yama-rigger abuyiselwe avikelwe ekudleni nasekungqongqozele. Ama-Rigels kumele ahanjiswe ngaphansi kwesenzo sokhiye ngokukhululeka ngokuphelele. Izinhlayiya ezingezinhliziyo eziningi nodoti azamukeleki ngoRaglel. Ochwepheshe bancoma ukufaka ama-SAFES. I-Incaslogs yabakhiqizi base-Italy, baqokonyiswa iqembu elihlukile le- "Safe". Ngokuvamile, izinqaba - ingqikithi yengxoxo ehlukile ehlukile, ngakho-ke sizotshela ngabo kwenye indatshana yaleli gumbi.
Umnyango ungaba nokufika okukodwa noma okubili (inketho engcono kakhulu yiflaya ephindwe kabili), empeleni ifakwe ama-anti-anchors (izikhonkwane ezilindelekile). Ungalengisa umnyango wezihibe ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ukufakwa kwama-loops angaphezu kwamabili kuchazwa yizidingo zemakethe kunokuba kunesidingo sobuchwepheshe (ngokusho kwabamele amafemu athile, "lokhu kungukumaketha okwengeziwe kunesinyathelo esinengqondo ngokwesayensi"). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zomuntu ngamunye zithatha imali ethile eyengeziwe yokwengeza unyawo lwemilenze yesithathu. Izihibe zingaba nezixazululo ezahlukahlukene ezakhayo, ziguqune noma zingalawulwa.
Ukulwa nomsindo kanye nokusalungiswa, okuxakayo umthwalo womthwalo lapho uvala, iminyango idinga ukufezekiswa ngezimpawu eziseduze ne-contour. Ngokuya ngokujula kokuvula, inketho ye-canvase yomnyango ebhokisini iyakhethwa: "Flush" ngebhokisi noma "twist". Iningi lemikhiqizo engenisiwe lifakwe "iVansel" (umklamo ojulile), ukulingana kwasekhaya kuya ekwakhiweni. Kunzima ukuvula umnyango, wenziwe "Flush".
Ukusuka kwikhwalithi yohlaka lomnyango nebhokisi, ngokunemba kokufakwa kwalo lonke umklamo ekuvuleni, amandla okuhlanganiswa ancike emandleni omkhiqizo okhetha ukuwusebenzela isikhathi eside nezinkinga ezingenazinkinga. Ibhokisi lingaba nefomu elivaliwe elivulekile elivulekile (elibunjiwe). Ngakho-ke, ngokomlando kwenzeka ukuthi eyokugcina iyisimo seminyango yokungenisa iningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyango yabakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe, ibhokisi elivame ukuhlanganiswa. Ngomklamo onjalo, ifreyimu yamandla (ukufakwa) yasungulwa ekuvuleni, bese kuthi lokho okubizwa nge-Falsecorob sekuvele kunamathele kuwo. Lesi sixazululo sikuvumela ukuthi ufake kahle ibhokisi futhi ulungise isikhundla somnyango uqobo lapho uvule. Kepha lokhu kuqamba amanga kulokhu: Uhlaka lwebhokisi uqobo luyekile ukuba yidizayini eyodwa eqinile.
Ubuso bobuso naphakathi bomnyango bungaba nomklamo ohlukile wokuhlobisa, lapho intengo yomkhiqizo incike kakhulu.
Amaphaneli wokuhlobisa aqhamuka kumaphaneli we-MDF apendwe kanye nohlobo lokukhiqizwa kwe-Oak Moscow kusuka endaweni yokubuka ikhwalithi yokwenziwa kahle. Ama-capnels ambozwe ngombono obalulekile, ukuzethemba okuncane, ngoba kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthola umkhiqizo owenziwe ngochwepheshe we- "Iron" Primity. Ukukhiqizwa okungeniswa kwephaneli kwe-MDF kubiza kakhulu kunama-Russian 3-4 amahlandla.
AmaRussia aseRussia
Umncintiswano okhulayo wenza abakhiqizi bethu bahlale bethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe beminyango yokukhiqiza, thuthukisa izixazululo zokwakha, sesha "umthengi" wabo nezindlela ezintsha zokuqhakambisa izimpahla emakethe. Ngakho-ke, ama-Flagship we- "doorway" angakanani?
Uma cishe yonke imikhiqizo engenisiwe i-monotype ehlelekile, khona-ke abakhiqizi baseRussia bakhiqiza iminyango yamaqembu amathathu (ngokusho kwephrofayili esetshenzisiwe).
Kunemikhiqizo yezixazululo ezingejwayelekile ezakhiwe. Isibonelo, i-St Petersburg Firm "Prom" inikezela ngeminyango ngaphandle kwama-anchors endabuko (ama-Avan-Gard ukuhweba ngokuhweba). Esikhundleni sazo, lapho senza iphrofayli emishini yokugoba, ikamu elingenalutho lenziwa kuwo wonke umnyango we-canvase. I-Groove ephenduliwe iyatholakala ebhokisini lomnyango. Iminyango engamelana nomlilo yalolu hlobo inenye inani lezici: Okokuqala, kulo lonke i-perimeter ye-canvas, itheyiphu eshisayo "uthayi-l" (Russia) ibekelwe; Okwesibili, ivolumu engaphakathi yeqabunga lomnyango ligcwele ipuleti lokushisa elifudumele le-con lit-150 noma i-rocwool (eDenmark). Itheyiphu eshisayo iphelelwe ku-100 ° C futhi igqekeze ngokuphelele ukufinyelela komoya-mpilo egumbini, ngaphandle kokuvutha amalangabi. Umenzi ofanayo unikeza amamodeli we-bivave. Izindleko zomnyango onjalo zifika ku- $ 1,300. Isidingo esikhethekile seminyango enezici ezimbili sibhekwa eSt. Petersburg, lapho kugcinwa khona izindlu eziningi ezindala ezinokuvulwa okubanzi. Ngaphandle, amamodeli weSt Petersburg aqashelwa kalula - amaphaneli awo abhekene ajwayele ukwenziwa ngesitayela salabo abasanguquko ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izikhathi.
Emakethe yeMoscow iminyango eminingi evela enkampanini "Gardi" (Yoshkar-Ola). Zikhiqizwa ngokugeleza, yingakho izinga lentengo ephansi kakhulu ($ 280). Ibanga lemodeli liqukethe amamodeli amane ayisisekelo kanye nomphakathi owodwa. Umthengisi omkhulu wale nkampani "yi-Nut enamandla" - waqala ukukhuthaza umnyango wokukhiqiza kwawo. Khumbula isiqubulo sokukhangisa esithi "Umnyango Ngegama lesidlaliso" Isilo "? Lesi sithombe sokuhweba se-" nati eqinile ". Imodeli eqinile" eqinile "kunezinguquko ezithile. Okokuqala, phakathi Idizayini yephrofayili yebhokisi, okwengeziwe kwenziwa ekwakhiweni kwebhokisi. Uhlobo lwephrofayili evaliwe ekhuphuke ngokushesha ukuqina kwebhokisi. Kusetshenziswa amagxolo ama-electromagnetic. Okwesithathu, Inkampani ingena kwimodeli yokuhweba ehlanganyelwe.
I-Loop "Bark" ayisebenzi hhayi kuphela "nati eqinile". Ngemishini yanamuhla yezobuchwepheshe yabakhiqizi baseRussia, lapho kuningi kwenziwa "edolweni", lezi zingelo zikuvumela ukuthi uhlehlise ama-welds emnyango nasebhokisini. Idizayini ye-loop ihlukile futhi inelungelo lobunikazi ngendlela yayo. Imikhiqizo "amagxolo" ayakwazi ukubekezelela imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokukhubazeka, akukho ukubuyela emuva, akunikezi ukuncipha, akudingi ukuthambisa. Abaqambi be- "Nut Eqinile" baqhubeke futhi: Bakhukhule izihibe emaphethelweni eqabunga lomnyango kanye nephansi, elithwala umthwalo omkhulu wesisindo, "phumula phansi". Ngakho-ke, isisindo somnyango sidluliswa phansi, impilo ye-loop iyanda.
Iminyango yohlobo lokuthenga "I-Legion" kusuka ku-Duet Service nayo isibonelo somkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwaqala umthengisi, kepha sekuvele imikhiqizo engenisiwe. Le nkampani, njengezibalo zokuthengisa inqola, yaqonda ukuthi i-analogue yasekhaya yomnyango wokungenisa, kodwa "ngamanani entengo yaseRussia," izodingeka kakhulu ngokufunwa ngabathengi. Ngakho-ke yaqala ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwemikhiqizo yalolu hlobo.
Imodeli ethi "I-Iron Lady" ihlukaniswa umklamo omusha oyisisekelo wohlaka lomnyango nohlaka lwezinhlaka. Ibhokisi leminyango nendiza yokuvula kunokuvulwa okubunjwe nge-wedge. Ngokufika okufanayo ekuvuleni, umnyango uvikelekile ngokungqongqoza ekungqondweni nasekuphuleni endabeni yezindonga ezibuthakathaka.
Emlandweni wabadala kakhulu eRussia, inkampani yomnyango "Sesam" ingalandelelwa ngokuthuthukiswa kokuthenga kwesidingo seminyaka engu-15 edlule. Ilungelo lokuqala le-patent lokwenziwa kweminyango inkampani etholwe ngo-1987, B1991. Wabopha ilungelo lobunikazi lezinqaba zokukhiqiza kwalo. Ukusetshenziswa kokhiye angenisiwe kwaqala kusukela ngo-1992, futhi ukufakwa kwezindlela ezilawulwa ngumsakazo kuthandwe kuphela namuhla. Isici esakhayo seminyango "Sesame" ukusetshenziswa kwama-loops afihliwe ahlelwe ngomgomo wezimoto, zibonakala kuphela lapho zivulwa. Ukufakwa okufakiwe kukhona njengamamodeli we-Economy Class alula ($ 265) ngesikhumba esithambile sesikhumba sokufakelwa, ishidi lensimbi elinobukhulu obungu-2mm ngaphandle kanye nezikhiye zezilinganiso ezimbili zaseRussia kanye neminyango yenani eliphakeme. Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 ezinamabhulokhi eminyango ezihlukile ekwakhiweni kwe-oxfo kanye nama-loops. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumamodeli amasha eminyango yokungena "Sesame" isebenzisa izingidi "ezingabonakali" kanye namabhulokhi okukhiya okwenziwa ngomshini (ngokulawula okubhaliselwe kwesibili ngaphezulu kwesiteshi somsakazo) senkampani ye-Itaria Atra. Emidlalweni yabo eminingi "Sesame" isungula izingidi zase-Italian Atra, ezinesici esizwakalayo semfihlo. Umnikazi angakufaka esikhundleni sokuzimela uma kwenzeka elahlekelwa okhiye, ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha ukhiye futhi ngaphandle kokuhlakazwa komnyango.
Iminyango yabakhiqizi basekhaya
| Uphawu lwentengiso | Umenzi | Uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso | Izici nemishini | Izinqaba zokucushwa okuncane |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Avan-Gard" | "Prim" (iSt. Petersburg) | -Gotshiwe | I-comb elwa ne-anti-esuswayo, inganikezwa kwinguqulo ephakeme yomlilo, ukugxila kabili, i-1,8mm yensimbi kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili, amaphaneli esifundeni saseSt. Petersburg, imishini encane, intengo- kusuka ku- $ 450 | I-MCM (Spain), Kale (Turkey) |
| "Iminyango yensimbi - | "Iminyango ye-Bar-Steel" (Moscow) | Ugobile + icilongo | Inhlanganisela efanelekile yobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe, owakheni owakhe amaphaneli e-MDF, imishini yanamuhla engeniswa ezweni, enohlangothi lwangaphandle, i-Intra Group, amamodeli we-2-value, inhlanganisela efanelekayo ye- "Ikhwalithi yenani" | I-CISA (Italy) |
| "Squirrel" | "I-Bel-Kansimbi Doors"(Moscow) | Icilongo | Kuqinisekiswe ngokuya nge-IV Class ye-IV ekumelaneni nokugenca kanye ne-II-III Class kuma-boilers, i-100mm kuzinhlangothi zombili, ukucushwa okuncane, ukucushwa okuncane (okungu-1c okwengeziwe engele | Cisa. |
| "Gardianp5" (Turkey) | "Gardian" (Yoshkar-ola) | -Gotshiwe | Iphrofayili ephezulu ye-P5, i-Steel 2mm ezinhlangothini zombili, inethiwekhi ethuthukisiwe yabathengisi enikeza iphakethe elinwetshiwe, intengo - kusuka ku- $ 400 C efakiwe (Intshonalanga yeKhasimende) | UCisa, uMottura (Italy), Kale |
| "Intokazi yensimbi" | "Crystalsk" (Noginsk) | Kubanda | Okuyisisekelo Ibhokisi Lokuklama New, "ukunamafutha" - ubukhulu beqabunga lomnyango ngaphandle kwamaphaneli 75mm, ishidi elingaphandle lifinyelela ku-4mm, isisindo se-130kg, intengo "isuka ku- $ 650 | UCisa, uMottura. |
| "I-Geutie" | "I-Geutie" (Moscow) | Gnutosvary | I-analogue yephrofayili ye-P5 kusuka ku- "Gardian", kepha ngokuqina okukhulu, insimbi kusuka ku-2mm nhlangothi zombili, i-loop "bark" emaphethelweni omnyango | Cisa. |
| "I-Legion" | "Inkonzo yeDuet" (Moscow) | Kubanda | Ukusebenza okuhle, i-analogue yaseRussia yamamodeli angenisiwe, i-Steel 1.8-3MM nhlangothi zombili, izihibe eziphindwe kabili eziguqukayo, intengo- $ 370-700 ngokufakwa | Cisa. |
| "Sesame" | "Sesame" (Moscow) | Icilongo | I-steel 1.5-2.5mm, uphawu oluphindwe kabili, amapuleti e-MDF ane-veneer yemvelo noma yokufakelwa, ipulasitiki ne-laminate, i-PVC, ukupenda, ukupenda kakhulu ama- $ 500-800 | I-ATRA (Italy) |
| "Sonex" | Isonto ele (Moscow) | ICilongo, egobile, egobile + ipayipi | I-Carbon Steel ephansi 1.5-4mm noma i-Armorist 4-6.5mm, noma iyiphi indawo eyi-Double, noma yisiphi isiphetho (isikhumba se-otisky sihlelele izinkuni), inani lama- $ 250-800 | I-Motura, CISA, Kale, Mul-T-Lock |
Abezinye izizwe - amaRussia
Iminyango kaGerda (e-United Kingdom-Poland) ikhiqizwa ePoland. Uhla lwemodeli ye-Gerda luneminyango emi-4, 3 kwazo ezithengiswa eRussia. Isici esihlukile sale mikhiqizo ukusetshenziswa kwe-molecular (diffession) i-welding kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinqaba zokukhiqiza zochungechunge lwe-tytan ngemfihlo eguqukayo (ngokwesibonelo, i-tytanzw6000 inezinhlanganisela zokhiye we-4,294,967). Ngokomlando, iminyango yaseGerda ivela ezinhlakeni zakwa-Israyeli ezathengiswa ngempumelelo enkabeni yeYurophu kusukela ekugcineni kwama-80s. Isici sabo, njengayo yonke iminyango yokungena evela kwa-Israyeli, ibhokisi lokubonisana lapho lifaka ukuvulwa. I-ITO yize iqiniso lokuthi uhlangothi ngalunye lwebhokisi lunamathele odongeni ngamaphuzu angu-8-16 ezintweni ezibondiwe noma ezinkanyezi.
Iminyango yakwa-Israyeli yemikhiqizo yeMul-T-Lock, i-Super-Lock ne-Magen ifakwe okhiye abanophawu, ifakwe ingxenye ethosiwe eklanyelwe ukulingana nokuphakama kwendwangu emnyango ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokuvulwa (kuthuthukiswa ku-7cm) , futhi ihluke ngesisindo esincane (cishe kungama-70kg). Amamodeli Mul-T-Lock kanye nokhiye we-super-lock afana ngokufanayo. Ukwenziwa kwezindwangu kanye nomhlangano weminyango ye-mul-t-Lock kusungulwe eZelenograd. Kunamamodeli wesisekelo esingu-9 anesigaba sokumelana nokugenca i-OTIB. Iminyango kaMagen ikhiqizwa ngamamodeli amahlanu, ibonakala isethi yeqembu lokukhiya nosayizi we-canvas.
"AmaNtaliyane" avezwa nathi ngezimpawu zokuthengisa ezinjalo njengeGardesa, Master, Minerva, Torterterollo nabanye. Ake siqale nge-Master, ngoba kulo mkhiqizo kufanelekile ukuthola ezinye izigaba zezakhamizi ze-AK-47 ne-ZEUS Model. Isifinyezo se-AK-47 simele akudingekile, saziwa ngabaningi njenge-othomathikhi enhle, ethembekile. Kepha kuvela ukuthi akanamandla okuphikisana neminyango ye-AK-47! Inesisindo esingu-450kg, iza ngesicelo, senziwa ngaphansi kosayizi womnyango wekhasimende futhi izomlahlekisela (ukufakwa) ku- $ 4,000. UZeus angamelana nezibhamu ze-TT, PM ne-ultrasound. Lo mnyango ulula futhi ufana nokwenziwa nge-AK-47. Qala Intengo- $ 2500. Kwabanye, amakhasimende aphansi kakhulu anikezwa iminyango ye-High-Kwekhwalithi ephezulu nge-veneer yangaphandle ye-Oak Veneer (eyisisekelo).
Imikhiqizo ye-Gardesa Brand ihlukaniswa ukubukeka okuqinile okuqinile. Ibhokisi, njengeminyango eminingi yase-Italy, i-Composite. Emakethe yaseRussia, la mamodeli anikezwa kuhlobo lokuvula.
Esigabeni samamodeli we-Italy angabizi, umnyango ovela ePorte Union (Delta Series) uyakhanga kakhulu. Ngokucushwa okuncane, amaphaneli enziwe nge-MDF e-laminated anikezwa. Ama-loops ayashintshwa ama-axes amathathu. Ukugcwaliswa kwangaphakathi kwe-canvase kuqukethe i-polyurethane ye-polyurethane engavunyelwanga. Le minyango inikeza iwaranti yeminyaka emihlanu. Isikhathi sokubulawa yizinsuku ezi-6.
Ama-Minirva brand doors anesisindo esifinyelela ku-120kg. Amamodeli asuka eMinerva anikezwa ngamaphaneli angaphandle ambozwe nge-oak veneer noma i-tangiac nati. Ifakwe ibhokisi elingenakuqhathaniswa, elinamathiselwe ekuvuleni ngamaphuzu ayisishiyagalombili. Ibhokisi elimbozwe nge-black powder koqweqwe lwawo. Uku-oda uzokwenza umnyango ngamaphaneli angaphandle we-aluminium.
Ucedzela uhlu lwe- "iron Italians eRussia" Torterolo. Ngokuhlelekile, le minyango ifana neGardesa, kepha kukhona amamodeli anento ebizwayo, uchungechunge olukhethekile lwamaphaneli abhekene ne-Design Bureau ye-Baptist Pininarin. Intengo yemikhiqizo ehlotshiswe ngamaphaneli e-pininfarin ingaba ngu- $ 3500-6500.
Kukhona emakethe yethu naseSpain (ngokwesibonelo, uhlobo lwe-artevi). Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo emihle, ecocekile.
Futhi kusukela eGrisi, hhayi nje kuphela amajazi ama-brandy ne-fur, kodwa futhi neminyango ye-dossio brand. Amamodeli - 10, ubukhulu- 60, isigaba Sokuvikela - III. I-ITO, kanye nesitayela esiqinile sokuklama kwakudala. Ngokuvamile, umphakeli uphendula kahle ngokufuna. Iminyango eyakhayo yalolu hlobo ifana ne-artevi yaseSpain.
Izici eziyinhloko zeminyango yokungenisa
| Uphawu lwentengiso | Ukukhiqiza Izwe | Intengo, $ | Izici nemishini | Izinqaba zokucushwa okuncane |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerda. | I-United Kingdom-Poland. | Kusuka810 | I-Multichannel Lock-12rigels, Ukubhalisa - Ifilimu le-PVC kanye namaphaneli we-HDF we-Lamothed HDF, ubukhulu beshidi - 1,5mm, amabhokisi emnyango we-4, ama-loops aguqukayo | Titan. |
| I-Mul-T-Lock, i-Super-Lock | -S Israyeli | Kusuka ngo-495. | Ukukhiya ikhofi yezokuphepha ngama-Riglels abuyiselwe, ukuvula umkhawulo, ukubhaliswa kwefilimu ye-PVC, iphaneli le-PVC, i-leveneed MDF Panel, i-array, ubukhulu bamashidi - 1.5mm, faka ukhonkolo | I-Mul-T-Lock, i-Super-Lock |
| Magen. | -S Israyeli | Kusuka ku-510. | Ukuphepha okubhekene ne-4-eseceleni elinama-righereji abuyiselwe, ukuvula umkhawulo, ukubhaliswa kwe-PVC, ubukhulu beshidi, 1,5mm, faka, ukugcwalisa ukhonkolo webhokisi | Magen. |
| Gardesa. | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | Kusuka ngo-920. | Ukukhiya ikhofi yezokuphepha, i-riglel eyengeziwe, i-guillotine, amashidi ensimbi 1.2-1.8mm ezinhlangothini zombili, ama-loops aguqukayo, ibhokisi elimise okwenziwe nge-P-Design, amaphaneli wokuklama amahle | Nucleo, mottura (Italy) |
| Nqoba | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | Kusuka ngo-795. | I-Suwald Castle, ama-Rigiels angeziwe, amaphaneli ekhetho, amashidi ensimbi 1.8mm ezinhlangothini ezimbili, ukuphrinta, izihibe eziguqukayo, umkhawulo we-limit | CISA (Italy) Mottura |
| Inyunyana | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | Kusuka ngo-595. | I-Cable Cable Cable, ama-RigiLel angeziwe, i-guillotine, uhlu lwensimbi 2mm ukusuka ngaphandle, okuguqukayo, ibhokisi elimise okwenziwa, amaphaneli ahleliwe, amaphaneli wokuqamba amahle, i-valve | Cisa. |
| Minerva. | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | Kusuka ngo-1150. | Ukukhiya ikhofi yezokuphepha, ama-rigleels angeziwe, noma yimaphi amaphaneli, ishidi lensimbi 2mm kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, ipaneli-chipboard, i-nut evumayo (i-nut | I-Mottura. |
| Torterolo. | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | Kusuka ngo-875. | I-Cable Cable Cable, ama-Rigiers angeziwe, amaphaneli ekhetho, amashidi ensimbi 1.8mm ezinhlangothini ezimbili, imigqa emi-3 eyimodeli, ukuphrinta, umkhawulo, umkhawulo, umkhawulo | Nucleo. |
| I-Artevi. | ISpain | Kusuka kuma-850. | Izikhiye ezimbili (eyodwa ephephile), i-riglels eyengeziwe, umkhawulo weselula (i-guillotine), ukuvula umkhawulo, amashidi ensimbi 2mm ezinhlangothini zombili, ekucushweni okuncane - ukuhlanganiswa kwensimbi nge-laminate | Cisa. |
| Plessio. | Greece | Kusuka ngo-980. | Ikhebula lokuphepha, i-rigrel eyengeziwe, i-guillotine, umkhawulo wokuvula, izigxobo zesisindo, amashidi ensimbi 2mm ezinhlangothini ezimbili | Cisa. |
Ingilazi nesihlahla
Iminyango yensimbi, vele, inguqulo eyinhloko yokuvikelwa kwezindlu zethu, kepha namanje akuyona ukuphela kweyodwa. Imakethe inikeza izinketho zeminyango yokungena kwezinkuni, ingilazi.Ifektri yaseFinland efektri ikhiqiza iminyango ngebhokisi lezinkuni elijwayelekile, ifreyimu evamile yokhuni, isitofu esisikiwe sodonga olungu-5-6. Idizayini yokuhlobisa yenziwa kusuka kupuleti ye-MDF ependwe, uPine Veneer noma umkhaza, embozwe ngamafutha. Ukuze wandise ukugqekeza emapuletini abhekene, ishidi le-aluminium livulwa ngobukhulu be-0.5mm, nasemnyango womnyango, owenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile, lwalubhalwe phansi lwe-aluminium. Ngemuva kokufaka umnyango kungashintshwa kokubili ukuphakama nangobubanzi obunama-loops akhethekile alwa namanga. I-Alavus Factory inikezela ngamamodeli anomklamo woqobo we-mosaic kusuka kwiphakheji lengilazi. Ukukhetha okukhethiwe kwengilazi okusobala, ngaphandle kwangaphandle. Iminyango ithengiswa nge-abloy castle ngaphandle kwesihluthulelo nezibungu, okuthengiwe ngumthengi ngokwahlukana. Izinhlobo zangaphandle nommeleli. Le mikhiqizo ihlinzekwa, njengomthetho, uku-oda ikhathalogi yenkampani (amamodeli angaphezu kwangama-40). Izindleko zomnyango zivela ku- $ 385 (Ukukhetha).
Emakethe yaseMoscow Kuneminyango ekhazimulayo yemikhiqizo emibili yase-Italy: UPanto no-Albertin. Owokuqala yi-Cottage version yomnyango wokungena ovikelekile elivikelwe yingilazi. Ingilazi ivula umgomo ofanayo newindi. Izinkuni ezisetshenzisiwe, ziphathwe ngo "have honey". Imodeli ngayinye inegama layo: "Abaco", "Savoy", "Nadir", "idolobha" nabanye. Umnyango wenziwa ngesicelo futhi kuphela ngaphansi kosayizi ngamunye wokuvula. Intengo - $ 3000-6000. Uhla lwe-Albertin-Model leminyango yokungena ezindlini zezwe ezivela ku-Oak Wood, uMeranti. Uhla lwamanani - kusuka ku- $ 1000 kuya ku- $ 3000.
Kusukela kubakhiqizi baseRussia, ngithanda ukusho uBel-ka kanye "nezwe elisha". Banikela ngeminyango ye-oki enokhazile nokuvikelwa ngesimo sethanga elimele.
Izwe lethu, umnyango wokungena ekhazimulayo yinto ephuma ekukhipheni okungajwayelekile. Umnyango ongajwayelekile kakhulu ungilazi ngokuphelele. Ukusungulwa kweseli elinezikhali kwalungisa izinguquko ezinkulu emibonweni yendabuko mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlaka ezivikelayo. Ngokusobala, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kweminyango yengilazi egcwele eyenziwe ngezindlu ezivimbela umthelela noma ezihlomile azifakwanga ukugeleza. Izinto ezinjalo zibekwe ngokuhleleka. Isibonelo, inkosi eqinile yase-Italy isivele yaziwa kithi inikeza umnyango ovela kwiseli elinezikhali (obala noma i-matte) ngama- $ 2500 ngomkhawulo wesikhathi izinyanga ezi-3. Iminyango yaseJalimane evela kwingilazi kanina enolaka isebenza ngokuphelele ezakhiweni ezisefulethini elite. Izinhlobonhlobo zezixazululo zokuklama ekwakhiweni kweWebhu zikuvumela ukuthi ube nokuzethemba kokubanjwa, kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole inhlanganisela efanelekile yezixazululo zezangaphakathi kwezangaphakathi kanye nomnyango uqobo.
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kweminyango kumele ibe nepasipoti enobuthi - inhlanzeko. Iminyango eqinisekisiwe imvamisa ihlinzekwa ngohlangothi lwangaphakathi ngokumaka okuqukethe imininingwane elandelayo: uphawu lwentengiso kanye (noma) noma eminye imininingwane yebhizinisi lomenzi; Uhlobo (imodeli) nenombolo yomkhiqizo wokulandelana; unyaka wokukhishwa; Isigaba sokuphikiswa okuqhekekayo (imikhiqizo eqinisekayo izivivinyo ngeziqhumane ingabhalwa ngokungeziwe yinkomba yokuqhuma; imikhiqizo ehole ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kakhulu okubhalwe yinkomba ye-boiler, ngokwesibonelo i-P-1).
Yini okufanele ubuze umthengisi
Umthengisi ungowokuqala futhi imvamisa ukuphela komuntu ongachaza izici zezimpahla ozitholayo. Ukusuka kuhlobo luni lomthengisi, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uzithenge ngokwawo kuncike kaningi. Ngakho-ke, akunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi ukuzithathela isinyathelo kuqala kuwe. Ukunquma ngenani lezindleko zokutholwa, cabanga ngezinketho ezamukelekayo kuwe zokuqamba ukuhlobisa okungaphandle nangaphakathi komnyango. Thola kumthengisi okuzofakwa yiphi izinqaba zokuvikela emnyango wakho, ukuthi izingane namalungu omndeni avuthiwe angasebenzisa kalula izinkinobho. Yiba nakanye ngecala lokuhluleka kokhiye, lapho futhi ubani ongashayela khona. Ungakhohlwa ukucacisa izinsuku zokugcina zewaranti ezifakiwe kukhiye. Imvamisa abathengisi babizwa ngentengo yomnyango ngaphandle kokufakwa. Ukuthenga umkhiqizo ongenisiwe, khetha kahle ubukhulu bokuvulwa kwakho. Thola ukuthi inkampani ingayandisa yini uma kunesidingo. Ngokuthenga umnyango wokungena ezweni lezwe, nikeza amaphaneli angaphandle kusuka ku-chipboard kanye namapuleti e-MDF, i-veneer veneer, ushintsho olubukhali futhi olubukhali luzohola ngokushesha kubo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kucacise ukuthi zinhlobonhlobo zifaka i-welding the ibhokisi futhi kwenziwa ifreyimu yomnyango (okuzenzakalelayo noma okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo) kuyakhethwa. Cacisa izinhlobo zensimbi esetshenzisiwe. Umnyango wokungena - Umkhiqizo akunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke umthengisi kufanele azi konke ngakho: uhlobo lwensimbi, ububanzi bezikhonkwane zokufaka, ukwakheka kwe-filler yangaphakathi, izinga layo Ubungozi, Ukuvutha ama-Flammity, Ukuvuselelwa okushisayo, inani lezinkomba zokufakwa komsindo, kanye nekilasi lokumelana ne-Hack Ukumelana.
Konke lokhu kuzokusiza wenze isinqumo esifanele futhi ekugcineni uthuthukise ukuphepha nenduduzo yekhaya lakho. Iphumelele ekuthengeni!
Amakilasi okuzinza wokugenca (Gost R 51072-97)
| Isigaba Sokuqina | Inani eliphansi lokumelana, i-EU | |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufinyelela okuyingxenye | Ukufinyelela Okugcwele | |
| I. | amashumi amathathu | amashumi amahlanu |
| II. | amashumi amahlanu | 80. |
| I-III | 80. | 120. |
| I-IV | 120. | 180. |
Iminyango evikelayo kufanele ifakwe amadivayisi we-Classic ne-C bese uhlinzeka ngemfihlo yokuvula umnyango.
Ukukhishwa Kwemfihlo (Gost R 51072-97)
| Isigaba sedivayisi yenqaba | Inani lezinhlanganisela ezibalulekile | Inani lokuhlanganiswa kwamakhodi |
|---|---|---|
| A. | 25000. | 80000. |
| B. | I-100000. | I-100000. |
Inani lamadivayisi wokukhiya lifakiwe kwinqubo yokukhiya, kuya ngesigaba sokuqina komnyango, akufanele kube ngaphansi kwethebula.
Inani lamadivayisi wokukhiya (Gost R 51072-97)
| Isigaba Sokuqina Komnyango | Inani lamadivayisi wokukhiya | |
|---|---|---|
| Class A. | Class B. | |
| I. | okukodwa | 0 |
| II. | okukodwa | 0 |
| I-III | 0 | okukodwa |
| I-IV | 0 | 2. |
Uma ukuvikelwa kwezibhamu kuhlongozwakala, umnyango kufanele uhambisane nesigaba esithile se-poolnetness.
Isigxobo soMnyango (Gost R 51072-97)
| Isigaba Sokumelana Nesigxobo | Uhlobo lwezikhali | Inhlamvu eCaliber, mm | Isivinini sokuqala, m / s | Inhlamvu eningi, g | Uhlobo lwezinhlamvu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-1. | Pistolepm | isishiyagalolunye | 305-325. | 5.9 | Igobolondo, elinomgogodla wensimbi |
| I-P-2 | Ipistolett | 7,62. | 410-445 | I-5.5 | Igobolondo, elinomgogodla wensimbi |
| P-3. | Autotax | 7,62. | 705-725 | 7.9 | Igobolondo, ngensimbi thermopower core |
| I-P-4. | Sniper rifle svd | 7,62. | 815-840 | 9.6 | Igobolondo, ngensimbi thermopower core |
Ukuhlolwa kokulimazeka kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka ngokuqhekeka ukusetshenziswa kweziqhumane kwenziwa ngesicelo sekhasimende. Izivivinyo zibhekwa amasampula ama-II-IV amamaki okumelana nokuhanjiswa.
Abahleli babonga inkampani ethi "iminyango yensimbi -" inkonzo ye-duet-service "," i-aresh eqinile "ukuthola usizo lapho kulungiswa khona izinto ezibonakalayo.