Izinzuzo nokubi kwamafasitela anamafreyimu okhuni, amacebo akhayo, izindleko zamawindi okucushwa okuhlukahlukene.
Ngemigqa yokushisa, abantu abaphila ezinkundleni zethu ezazincabule njalo. Phambilini, ozimele abaphindwe kabili bafakwe emafasiteleni emafasiteleni, futhi izingcezu zamalahle zifakwa kwigebe phakathi kwazo. Abantu abakhanyiselwe ngaphezulu babekwa lapho nge-slurry enenani elincane le-sulfuric acid. Zonke lezi zinyathelo zithathwe ukudonsa umoya phakathi kwamafreyimu bese ngaleyo ndlela zikhuphule ukufakwa kwamawindi.
Namuhla, amalahle kanye ne-sulfuric acid kwathatha isikhundla sohlaka olunomunyu-loader (silicogel) ngaphakathi kwengilazi eyi-hermetic. Amafreyimu ngokwawo ahlinzekwa ngemidwebo emibili, noma emithathu yezimpawu zokunwebeka, ukuze izinkomba zokufakwa kwe-thermal zeWindows zikhule cishe kabili. Iwindi ngalinye elisha ligcina cishe amalitha angama-50 wamafutha ajwayelekile ngonyaka. Uma okungenani uhhafu wamafasitela ezweni lethu wahambisana nezidingo zesimanje, hhayi kuphela i-yenisei, kodwa futhi neminye imifula eminingi yaseSiberia bekungeke kube nokudlula.
Ihlashana
Le mali ephezulu kakhulu yokubopha amawindi isinikeze imvelo uqobo. Isakhiwo se-fibrous sezinkuni siyenza ihlala isikhathi eside, futhi umoya oqukethwe ama-capillaries uhlinzeka ngokusebenza kwaso okuphansi okuphansi. Asikhulumi ngezimfanelo zobuhle bomuthi, ezisaphelelwe ngumncintiswano, naphezu kwempumelelo esobala ekuzameni ukukopisha ukuthungwa kwayo. I-BRACANTAND YOKU-Windows isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngezinkuni ezilandelayo zokhuni: i-pine, fir, spruce, i-cedar, oki, i-beech, mahogany. Embuzweni wokuthi iyiphi engcono, akunakwenzeka ukuphendula nakanjani. I-Oak, i-beech kanye ne-larch inamandla futhi ihlala iqinile kunamaphayiphu futhi idle, kepha ngenxa yesakhiwo esiminyene ngokwengeziwe inokuphamba okuphezulu okuphezulu, okungukuthi, bahlala bembi kakhulu. Umuthi obomvu weTropiki uphikisana nokushintshashintsha komswakama. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kunengqondo ukulandela isisho esaziwa ngokuthi "lapho azalelwa khona, futhi wasetshenziswa emiphethweni yethu yohlobo lwendabuko. Kumele ngithi abathengi ngobuningi obukhulu kunemibono efanayo. Ngenxa yalokho ezweni lethu, izinto ezimbili zithandwa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezibopho zewindows: pine (the eshibhile) ne-oak (ahlala isikhathi eside, ahlala isikhathi eside).Enyakatho yeYurophu, phakathi kwezinto zozimele zewindows, isihlahla siphethe ngokuqinile ubuqhawe. IChermannan, eyaphumelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-PVC, ihola ipulasitiki (cishe ama-52% enani eliphelele leWindows). Kepha izakhiwo zokhuni futhi azinikezi isikhundla sakho, zithatha indawo yesibili (30%). Kubukeka sengathi izwe lethu linesimo salo esibandayo, izindawo ezingenamkhawulo zamahlathi kanye namasiko okhuni angaphezu kwenkulungwane ekwakheka ngokhuni kungenzeka ukuthi abe ngomunye wabaholi ekukhiqizweni kwaleyo mikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, iminyaka engama-70, saxazulula eminye imisebenzi futhi ngenxa yalokho sithenga amafasitela esifundazweni sangaphambilini - nangokwenziwa ngokhuni - i-Chermannia ne-Italy. Ukuzenzela okunelukuluku: I-Alavus Plant yakhiwa eFinland ngo-1917.
Kepha emuva esihlahleni. Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinzuzo zako, kunezinto ezinzima kakhulu. Izinkuni zibamba umswakama ovela emoyeni, ezithinta indlela yokuziphatha kwemicu yayo - imikhiqizo eqediwe, njengoba besho, "kuholela", okungukuthi, bangavuvukala, futhi balahlekelwe umswakama. Umphumela uba matasa kakhulu ezandleni zawo zokufakelwa okushisayo. Njengezinto eziphilayo zemvelo, lesi sihlahla siyindlela enhle kakhulu yezakhi zama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene, isikhunta, izinambuzane. Isibonelo, ingozi enkulu kuye yiyona ebizwa ngokuthi yi-House Mushroom, ekwazi njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuthi "Yidla" indlu yokhuni. Phambilini, izakhiwo zashaywa emadolobhaneni asemizaneni zishiswe ukuvikela abanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu lwe-sawn lungaba neziphambeko zalo, imifantu, imifantu, amaphakethe we-resin.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokucubungula izinkuni bukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izakhiwo zayo ezinhle futhi ususe ububi abaningi. Kepha lezi zinyathelo zidelwa kakhulu iketanga lobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke zandisa izindleko zomkhiqizo ophelile.
Umthengi ukhokhelani?
Okokuqala, izinkuni zifakwa emgodini weziteji eziningi, futhi le nqubo kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, okubonakalayo okungaba unyaka cishe komile ngokwemvelo (ngaphansi kombhede). Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe ekufakweni kwe-vacuum, lapho cishe wonke uketshezi lususwa kulo. Owokuqala ukhipha okuthiwa umswakama we-capillary, bese lowo oqukethwe amaseli. Uma ufisa, ungashayela wonke amanzi emabhodini. Kepha lapho impahla evuthiwe ibizofika futhi, ukuba ngaphandle, yamunca umswakama, njengesiponji. Ngakho-ke, zama ukomisa izinkuni ezingeni lomswakama ongu-122%. Le nkomba ibhekwa njengendawo efanele. Lapho-ke okuqukethwe kugcinwe kabusha ngokufaka umswakama kulo lonke ivolumu ye-billet yokhuni. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngemuva kokuvezwa okude nokusoma impahla evuthiwe iyabiza. U-Avtota kumele futhi asuswe, imifantu, amaphakethe we-resin kanye nezinye izivikeli zemvelo - konke okungathinta ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo eqediwe.
Uma imininingwane yokubopha ngewindows yenziwa kusuka kucezu oluqinile lwezinkuni (Alavus), iphesenti lokungcola liphezulu impela. Okunengqondo kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwephrofayili kusuka kubha ejwayelekile. Kuyavela ukuthi ibhande elibekwe yilona elihlanganisiwe line-homogeneity enkulu yezakhiwo namandla aphezulu kunokulungile kokhuni. I-BILLTS (LAMELLAS) inamathele ku-fugu e-furus abushelelezi noma kwi-spike egcwele i-spike (capoferri). Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ngisho nama-slats amafushane atholakala ngemuva kwamathambo wonke amathambo nezingxenye ezinephutha zasuswa endaweni yokugcina yoqobo. Cabanga, kubha esezingeni eliphakeme esezingeni eliphakeme, ama-barns amafushane anakho ngaphakathi kuphela. Leyo mikhiqizo enengxenye yamapulangwe evunyelwe ohlangothini olungaphambili, kubiza i-10-20% eshibhile. Ukuze amafreyimu avela kubha esethiwe, kuyaphawuleka, izingxenye zalo zikhethiwe ukuze izindandatho zonyaka ze-lamellae zomakhelwane zihlangana cishe kuma-engeli afanele. Kulokhu, umnyombo wezakhiwo zokhuni, njengengxenye evulekile kakhulu futhi enobuhlakani bomjikelezo, awukaze usetshenziswe kumkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakeme (kulula ukukuthola kwizindandatho ezihlanganisiwe). By the way, izinkuni ze-Ural noma i-pine yaseSiberia zinamandla kunezinye izinhlobo, kanye namasongo wonyaka kuwo asondelene.
Amaphrofayili ewindi enziwe ngesethi etholakele yemigoqo, futhi ozimele kanye nama-beinders aqoqwa kubo. Okuthile okusha kubuchwepheshe beWindows Learged Defered and Helsed. Isibonelo, amadevu, ahlelwe yi-rus svig (inkampani egama lingu "Svig-Connection"). Amandla esakhiwo aqinisekiswa yizikhonkwane ze-plug-in enesimo somsila "wokugwinya womsila". Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezisengozini kakhulu (ama-Exs of Bar) asondelene kakhulu komunye nomunye futhi azixhumani nemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, umswakama unethuba elincane lokungena ngaphakathi kwephrofayili yokhuni.
Ukuvuselelwa okushisayo kwamaphrofayili ewindi
| Into uqobo lwayo | I-Thermal Creativity, w / (MS) |
|---|---|
| Upheshula | 0.14-0.18 |
| Umuthi othile ikhipha amapulangwe aqinile | 0.18-0.23 |
| Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | 0.25. |
| Ugwasila | 0,3. |
| Aluminiyamu | 220. |
Opende
Iwindi lokhuni lidinga ukuvikeleka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesikhunta, ama-parasites, kanye neziphazamiso ezikhona. Ukwanda komswakama obophayo kungu-5% kuphela (C15 kuye ku-20%) kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi inani le-RO lincishiswa cishe ngama-20%. Isenzo somumo wamanzi ngaphakathi kwekamelo ngesikhathi sasebusika ngezikhathi ezingama-20 kudlula okuqukethwe kwalo emoyeni ongaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwewindows kumele kuthembeke hhayi kuphela nge-yangaphandle, kodwa futhi kusuka ngaphakathi.Ukuvikelwa okunjalo namuhla, ukufakwa okukhethekile okuqukethe, ikakhulukazi, kusetshenziswa i-antiseptic. Ukungena ekujuleni kwesihlahla nokugcina ukwakheka kwalo kwamaselula, ukufakwa ekuthomeni kwenza izingqimba zalo ezingaphezulu zinokuphendula kwamanzi. Ngendlela, ukumiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunaphansi kwengcindezi, - Buza ukuthi iyiphi indlela esetshenziselwa amaphrofayili amawindi owakhethayo. Ngemuva kwalokho umkhiqizo uhlanganisiwe noma womhlaba futhi unamabala. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ngakunye, ingaphezulu ligaya - ukususa imicu "ekhuphukayo". Isendlalelo sopende noma sokuthambisa akufanele nje sinikeze iwindi umbala owufunayo, unqande ukwakheka kwesihlahla, kodwa futhi uvikele uhlaka nokuhlanza imvula, iqhwa nelanga. Ukusuka emandleni we-Thin (150-200 μm) wesendlalelo sokumboza ukuze ulondoloze leli khono ngokuhamba kweminyaka, impilo yewindows yewindi ekugcineni incike. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi basekhaya bamafasitela okhuni, kuyinkimbinkimbi ephelele yenhlabathi ehlukahlukene, ukuwohloka, ukupenda kanye nokusondeza inkampani yaseJalimane, sebenzisa okuthandwa kakhulu. AmaFinns asetshenziselwa imikhiqizo yawo evela kuTikkurila. Kodwa-ke, ngisho ne-coing engamelana nezwe ngeke ikwazi ukukhonza kuze kube phakade. Ingxenye engezansi ye-sash ihlupheka kakhulu imvula neqhwa, futhi ukusuka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet yelanga, amafasitela asezinhlangeni zasentshonalanga naseningizimu yesakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, kanye eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala, kuyadingeka ukwenza i-prophylactic tint yama-bakes wokhuni. Ngemuva kwalokho ukwakheka, ngokusho kochwepheshe be-Alovus, kuzokujabulisa iso lomnikazi wazo okungenani iminyaka engama-30-50.
Amafasitela anamuhla wokhuni, kanye nepulasitiki, adluliselwe efulethini ngokusobala ukuthi akwanele umoya owanele (amabhlogo wewindows 30774-99 "amabhlokhi amawindi wewindows anama-windows acwebile" ahlinzekela amanani afanayo aphezulu Ukuphefumula kwama-1m2 windows akukho ngaphezulu kwe-3.5 m3 / h). Ngakho-ke, uma umsebenzi wokufaka umoya omncane endaweni efulethini ubelwa emafasiteleni anamuhla, kufanele anikezwe ama-valesveve wokupholisa umoya. Lapho-ke umoya ophelelwayo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu komswakama kanye nekhabhoni dioxide ngeke kususwe hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi somoya womoya, kodwa futhi nge-sash evaliwe. By the way, ukufakwa kwama-valves averitation kuhlinzekwa ngabakhiqizi beWindows, futhi amafemu aqinile avame ukunikela ngale nsizakalo kubathengi.
Lapho uhlangana ezincwadini zokukhangisa, ukugomela ukuthi amafasitela okhuni, ngokungafani nepulasitiki, "uphefumule", ungakuqondi ngokoqobo. Ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene basebenzisa le nto emikhakheni ehlukene: Eminye- ukuze bagcizelele ikhono lesihlahla ukugwema umswakama ngokweqile, okuqukethwe okuphezulu okukhulayo okubangelwa yilezi zikhunta ezishisayo zewindi futhi kungaholela ekubonakaleni kwesikhunta kanye nokhuni Iphrofayili yokuqandisa; Abanye- njengesitatimende sezindawo zokhuni ukuze badlule ngokwabo ngazimbili emanzini avela emoyeni wegumbi; Nowesithathu "wedlula umoya". Lokhu yilokhu ochwepheshe benkampani "ama-Cranes" kulo mcimbi wokwenza amawindi e-Wooden:
"Ubungqayizivele bamafreyimu wokhuni buwukuphefumula kwabo. Kepha hhayi lowo, obhekwa ngokuhambisana ne-Gost 26602.2-99" amabhlogo wokhuni. Izindlela zencazelo yomoya kanye ne-materproof, "- Ngalo mqondo. Izinkomba zamabhulokhi kusuka kunoma iyiphi iphrofayili zimayelana okufanayo (kakhulu, ngendlela, ungafunda esihlokweni se-Meable Magazine"). Lokhu kubhekisa emoyeni - ukushintshana ngokusebenzisa ama-pores amancane wesakhiwo senziwe ngokhuni esithi "bukhoma". Ubukhulu bokuzivikela busetshenzisiwe endaweni ephumelelayo noma yokuhlanganisa icishe ibe ngu-0.15- I-0.4 mm futhi yehla ngokwemvelo lapho isebenza amafasitela, ngokusho kobufakazi bakwaZobel, 0.01mm minyaka yonke. Ukukhulisa impilo yenkonzo yokuhlanganisa kuyo, ngasikhathi sinye, azenzi phazamisa uhlaka lokhuni "uphefumula" bese ulungisa, kuya ngesimo sezulu, umswakama womoya ezindaweni zangaphakathi zangaphakathi. Kungakho nakancane si-oda ukufakwa ekwakhiweni komswakama egumbini. e iwindi lomqhubi owengeziwe wewindows. "
Imiklamo
Amafasitela anamuhla wokhuni akhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezintathu ezakhayo:
- Single.
- Nge-sash ehlukile.
- Ngamafuphi amabili.
Ngakho-ke, abaseYurophu- strobel (germany), iCapoferri, i-RVindustriale (Italy) - Kusetshenziswa inqwaba yamafemu aseRussia ikakhulukazi kwisikimu esinomqondo owodwa. Ingxenye ebalulekile yabakhiqizi basekhaya ("Bamo", i-Simplex, "i-European Windows") iqoqa imikhiqizo yazo kusuka kuphrofayili ethengiwe ethengiwe, owesifuywayo noma ukungenisa "Izivumelwano")
UDomus, uDomus, uTiivi (Finland), i-SSC Joinex (Sweden) akhiqiza amafasitela ahlukene futhi abhangqiwe, asebenzisa ukugcotshwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kusuka eglasini elilodwa le-chambong kanye ne-2 + 1). Ingilazi ifakwe ku-sash yangaphakathi, futhi ingilazi yangaphandle. Namuhla, zonke izinhlelo ezakhayo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezweni lethu. Ukuba nezinzuzo zakhe.
I-RO (M2C / W) - Ukumelana nokuvuselelwa kokushisa okwamukelwa eRussia ukuhlola izici ze-Heater-Shield zezinto zokwakha noma izakhiwo. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwalo lonke umklamo we-translucent (iwindi), ukumelana okuncishisiwe kokudluliswa kokushisa - i-ROPR (M2C / W) iyasetshenziswa. Lapho kulapho le nkomba, incane ukudluliswa kokushisa ngomklamo. Ngokusho kwemibhalo elungiselelwe ("Izinguquko4 ku-Snipu II-3-79 *"), ezifundeni eziphakathi nendawo ezisenyakatho zezwe lethu, i-REROPRIES kusuka ku-0.5m2c / W. Kukhona iMoscow. ku-MHNS 2.01-94, ROPR = 0.55M2C / W
Iwindows eyodwa
("Eurowkna")Lolu hlobo lokwakhiwa luhanjiswa hhayi emafasiteleni okhuni kuphela, kodwa naphakathi komunye umuntu wawo weplastiki. I-IllYa, nakwabanye, cishe ukufakwa okufanayo kusetshenziselwa abanye, bakhiqizwa yizinkampani ezifanayo: uMaso (Austria), uWinhaus, i-Roto (Jeromany), njll. Izesekeli eziqondile zenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukushintshana okujwayelekile ngathi ku-Folding Flap. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukwandisa indawo yokukhanyisa, ngakho-ke ukukhanyiswa kwekamelo. Umsebenzi okhethekile womoya omncane ocishiweyo uzovumela ukuvulwa kwe-sash amamilimitha ambalwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya omusha ungene efulethini. Yonke imisebenzi lapho kuvulwa amafulethi (zombili e-swivel nasenguqulo esongelayo) yenziwa kusetshenziswa isibambo esisodwa nje. Imihlangano ye- "Eurocon" ingabangelwa iqiniso lokuthi kuyadingeka ukugeza ezimbili kuphela, hhayi izikhala ezine zezibuko.
Amafasitela alolu hlobo lokwenziwa kohlaka kanye ne-sash esebenzisa iqoqo lobubanzi obubanzi abangama-78mm, ngaphansi kuka-90mm (Capoferri). Lapha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, yize isihlahla sinjenge-insulator eshisayo futhi sidlula ama-PVC, amaphrofayili e-PVC ngokulahlekelwa amakamelo anomoya anokumelana okuphezulu kokuvutha umoya kunamaphrofayli, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ngokhuni oluqinile. Kuzobufakazi, kuya ngokukhethwa okuyikho kwengilazi, noma ngabe kuzoba ngumkhiqizo ophakeme ukulandela amazinga wesimanje wokufakelwa okushisayo. Ake sithi, ukuze i-block yewindows kusuka e-Oak ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhona, kufanele ibeke ingilazi ecwebezelayo ecwebezelayo ngezinkomba ze-RO = 0.54-0.56m2C / W.
Futhi amanani anjalo angatholakala kuphela ngengilazi ephansi yokuphuma. Labo abakhiqizi beWindows Windows abakhiqize umjikelezo ogcwele, inani elikhulu lezidleke likuvumela ukuthi ugcine imigqa ezenzakalelayo yokukhiqizwa kwama-glauses aphindwe kabili. I-ITO yenza kube nokwenzeka ukubenza baphumelele ezinhlobonhlobo ezithuthuke kakhulu zengilazi ephansi yokuphuma-okubizwa ngokuthi i-i-izibuko (noma ingilazi ngenhlanganisela ethambile ekhethiwe). Isibonelo, inkampani "I-Bavaria House" ikhiqiza amafasitela alo endiwe yayo kusuka eglasini eliphansi lokuphuma ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwasekhaya ("isitshalo sengilazi yezakhiwo", i-sankt-petlersburg). Akulula ukusebenza nalokhu okuqukethwe, kepha emigqeni yanamuhla ezenzakalelayo ezisebenzayo ziyanqotshwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-i-ingilazi ngisho nakwisivunguvungu somoya esisodwa kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule ukumelana nokushisa kokushisa kwalo lonke iyunithi lewindi ku-0.64-0.67 m2c / W. Ukuqhathanisa: I-Euro-Windows ene-conping evamile enamakhaza amabili acwebezelayo angaba ngu-0.52-0.53m2C / W. Le nkomba ihambelana kuphela namazinga aseRussia kuphela ebhendi ephakathi futhi ayihlangabezani nezidingo eziqinile zeMoscow - 0.55m2C / W. W. (Funda kabanzi ngephakheji yengilazi - Ukuvinjwa "nase-FAS, nakuphrofayili.")
Esibonelweni se- "Eurocon" kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi izindleko eziphakeme zokuthengwa kwamawindi ezingoni zihlala zilungile yini. Kusuka etafuleni elingezansi, kungabonakala ukuthi ngomswakama ophezulu wesihlahla esibophayo (ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokomiswa kwezinkuni okusheshayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamapende aphansi aphansi noma izingoma zokuvilapha, kanye nokuntuleka kokubika) bese ukhetha Iphakethe lengilazi elinamanani amancane ophiko lwewindows lwe-RO Oak olubiza cishe ama- $ 2 000 ngewindows enamakamelo amabili akhazimuliswe kabili ngokuya ngezinkomba zalo, kuzobe kungahlukile kancane emafasiteleni amadala weSoviet.
Amanani we-ROPP amawindi ane-sash eyodwa
| Ingilazi engilazi | Roap windows ngokubopha, m2c / w | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uhlobo | Ro, M2S / W | Kusuka pine | Kusuka eDuba | ||
| Ngomswakama wephrofayili,% | |||||
| ishumi nanhlanu | amashumi amabili | ishumi nanhlanu | amashumi amabili | ||
| I-4M1-12-4m1-6-4M1 | 0.5. | I-0.55 | 0.53. | 0.53. | 0.50 |
| 0.47 | 0.53. | 0.51. | 0.51. | 0.48. | |
| I-4M1-16AR-4K. | 0.59. | 0.62. | I-0.60 | I-0.60 | 0.57. |
| I-0.55 | I-0.60 | 0.57. | 0.57. | 0.54. | |
| I-4M1-16AR-4I. | 0.65 | I-0.67 | - | 0.64. | - |
| I-4M1-12-4m1-6I-4I | 0.72 | 0.73 | - | 0,68. | - |
Qaphela. Amapharamitha wephakheji lengilazi achazwa ngesibonelo 4m1-16ar-4i, lapho ubukhulu be-4m1-- nobukhulu bengilazi; Ububanzi begebe phakathi kwezingilazi ezigcwele i-argon; Ukukhuluphala kwe-4i-glass kanye nohlobo lwe-coating yalo ephansi yokuphuma.
Amafasitela ane-sash ehlukile futhi ebilisiwe
Uma inqwaba yamafasitela anezandla okukodwa ikhiqizwa ezweni lethu, khona-ke amafasitela ane-flaps ehlukene futhi asontekile aqhamuka eSweden naseFinland ngesimo samabhulokhi afakwe ngohlobo olufakwe kabili. Isimo sezulu esibandayo seScandinavia sikhombe umklamo ozimele "ofudumele" ojwayelekile. Amafasitela alolu hlobo enza nabakhiqizi basekhaya (iDocn1, "indlu yaseBavaria"). Emklamweni obhangqiwe, kwalungiswa ingubo yangaphandle kwangaphakathi. Ukuze uzenzele, kwanele ukukhipha izikhonkwane ezimbalwa. Bukela amawindi sebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo njengakwe-single-ngesandla, ngakho-ke indlela yokugoqa eluhlaza okwesibili yokuvulwa kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, futhi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-eurocams". Isikhathi se-WTO njengemuva kwamafasitela anezinkundla ezihlukile, igama elithi "isiFinnish" laligxile ngokuqinile, futhi libhangqiwe- "isiSweden". Ngoba i- "Finnish" ibonakala ngebhokisi elibanzi (120-170mm), uhlangothi lwangaphandle nolingaphakathi kwalo lulengiswa ku-sash. Ukusuka lapha kanye negama le-window block - i-sash eguqukayo. Abangaphandle babona cishe yonke imithwalo yomoya, imvula, iqhwa kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yemisebe ye-ultraviolet yelanga. Ukuze kufakwe ingaphakathi lengilazi, ama-condensate ayengakhiwa, ezibonelweni zalo, ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-anthers" (lezi zinhloso zazo eziphambili ze-flap yangaphandle), kukhona ama-slots wokudla komoya.Kubangeni le-120mm kusuka engaphandle kukhona owesibili, wangaphakathi we-sash enezimpawu ezimbili ze-Seal Concourt. Itholakala cishe ezimweni zokumba ukushisa, noma imvula noma ilanga lilimaze ukumboza, futhi igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-sash liqinisekisa ukushisa okuhle nokufakwa okuzwakalayo. Ngakho-ke, isitayela sengilazi esijwayelekile seChamber sifakwe kuso sanele ukwenza i-ropp yaleli windi ibe ngu-0.58m2C / W. Ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi ephansi yokuphuma kanye namagesi we-inert (ngokwesibonelo, i-argon noma i-crypton noma i-crypton) ku-mature-blade (ngokwesibonelo, i-argon noma i-crypton) ivumela ukukhulisa izinkomba zokufaka okushisayo ku-REPROPR = 0.71-0.8M2C / W. Ubukhulu bokugqilazwa kwengilazi bungu-3 kuya ku-4-6mm bese ugcwalisa amakamelo wegumbi lengilazi ye-hexifority of sulfur (SF6) Khulisa izici zokuthola umsindo kusuka ku-30- 32 kuya ku-42DB. Idizayini efreyimu emibili yenza kube nokwenzeka ukubeka izimpumputhe zaseSunscreen ngaphakathi kwewindi. Ukulawulwa kokulawulwa kuleli cala kukhonjiswa egumbini lokuvula nokuluvale lapho kuvalwa iwindi.
Ngamafasitela ane-sash ehlukile, kuphela indlela ye-classic, yokuvula yokuvula kungenzeka. Ukubonakala kwe-sash kuhlobene nomunye, kuvula iwindi "laseFinland" ngokuguqula isibambo esisodwa. Idizayini ingafakelwa nge-amplester evimbela iwindi lokushaya, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuthobeka umthelela oqinile. Imisebenzi yokungena komoya omncane ingathatha i-Fraumuga (kepha indiza enjalo ibhekwa njengengasebenzi kahle kakhulu), inqwaba noma ukuvula umkhawulo nge-commu, ukulungisa i-sash ngesikhundla sokuphathelene. Uhlobo lwe-Scandinavia lwewindi lunokushisa okuphezulu kanye nekhono elinomsindo ozwakalayo. Kungenzeka kuhlanganiswe nokuxhumeka kwe-Flaps, lapho enye, ibhangqiwe nayo ilungiswe ngokuqinile ku-sash yangaphakathi. Le windi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu zesimo sezulu. Kuyafaneleka, kepha-ke, kuzocishe kubize kabili kunokujwayelekile.
Ukumelana Nokudlulisa Amaphrofayili weWindows Transfer
| Isici sephrofayili | Ubukhulu bebhokisi, mm | Ukuvikelwa kokushisa kokuvikelwa kwe-Heat Transfer Ro, M2C / W |
|---|---|---|
| Iphrofayili ye-PVC (ukwakheka kwe-liner) | ||
| 3-Chamber | 50-80 | 0.55-0.64 |
| 4-5-Chamber | 70-80 | 0.65-0.8 |
| Umswakama,% | Upheshula | |
| ishumi nanhlanu | 80. | 0.74 |
| 120. | 1.0 | |
| amashumi amabili | 80. | I-0,61 |
| 120. | 0.84. | |
| Umuthi othile ikhipha amapulangwe aqinile | ||
| Okuthenyalwayo | 80. | I-0,61 |
| 120. | 0.84. | |
| ishumi nanhlanu | 80. | 0.52. |
| 120. | 0.69 |
Amanani
Njengoba wazi, kunoboya bungcono, kubiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke amawindi wezinkuni - inani labo liya ngqo kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nomnqamulajuqu wenkonzo yawo yesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha amawindi, asikuqinisekisi ukuthi sisindise ku- "Trifles" njengezingilazi eziphansi zokuphuma kwephakheji yengilazi. Ikakhulu njengoba ungena esikhundleni sengilazi emafasiteleni lokhuni kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunepulasitiki, ngoba unhlangothi ezikhathini eziningi alunazo izimpawu ezikhethekile ezifakiwe. Esikhundleni salokho, kusetshenziswa i-welcani loquid sealant silcicone sealant, okunamathela unhlangothi esihlahleni nengilazi. Akunakwenzeka nje ukuthi uyisuse futhi ungayilimazi, ngakho-ke lapho ungenisa iphakethe lengilazi ngokushesha kuzodingeka ukuthi u-ode futhi ukhokhele isethi ephelele yezikhala ezintsha.Kukholakala ukuthi i-Euro-Windows, ikakhulukazi eyenziwe ezweni lethu kubuchwepheshe baseJalimane, eshibhile kuneScandinavia. Kepha uma uqhathanisa imikhiqizo enezingqinamba ezifanayo zokushisa nokufakwa okuzwakalayo, umehluko uphendukela ukuba angabalulekanga. Ithebula libonisa amanani entengo yamabhulokhi ewindows ngosayizi we-1.451.8m (uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwewindi endlini yephaneli yesimanje) enezici ezintathu zokuvula. I-Eurocon ingenye yazo swivel-folling. Kuvela ukuthi iwindi eline-ROPR = 0.6-0.63m2C / W kanye nokufakelwa okuzwakalayo, okunciphisa umsindo we-30-35 dB, kuzobiza okungenani ama- $ 1000.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nani hhayi kuyo yonke imikhiqizo eshibhile ingadala izinkinga ezintsha. Engxenyeni enkulu, zizofana naku-Windows epulasitiki, ngoba zibangelwa yizizathu ezifanayo (zifunde esihlokweni esithi "nase-FAS, nakwiphrofayili"). I-Eleaches ingagwenywa uma ukufakwa kwamawindi kuzokwenza okunelayisensi okuqinile hhayi ukukhiqizwa kuphela, kepha futhi ukufaka amabhlogo wewindows. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ibhlokhi efanayo etsheni nasendlini yokhuni libekwe ngezindlela ezihlukile. Izimfihlo zamakhosi zihlala zinazo.
Izindleko zeWindows ngokuya ngokuqashwa, $
| Izakhi zemishini | Nge-sash eyodwa | Nge-sash ehlukile |
|---|---|---|
| Imishini eyisisekelo (145180cm, iPine, 3rds) | 700-850 | 800-900 |
| Sash isithulu | - (70-100) | 800-900 |
| Iphrofayili ye-Oak, i-Beech | + (500-1000) | + (700-1000) |
| Iphrofayili ye-larch, mahogany | + (250-300) | - |
| Fortochka | + (50-70) | + (50-80) |
| Ukulethwa, ukufakwa | +1 | +1 |
| k-, ingilazi | +60 (20-25 / m2) | +60 (20-25 / m2) |
| Ukufakwa komsindo okuthuthukisiwe | - | + (110-150) |
| Umthamo ophansi | + (12-18) | + (12-18) |
| I-sill (ipulasitiki, i-laminate) | + (60-90) | + (60-90) |
| Jalosie | - | + (85-100) |
| I-Mosquito Net | 25-35 / PC. | 25-35 / PC. |
| Izintaba | + (5-12) | + (10-20) |
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani "indlu kaBavavaria", "Avd-Trejd", "TIIVI-LELJD" ne "Koruns" ukuze kulungiswe izinto ezibonakalayo.