Izici zesimo sezimpawu zemvelo ze-Baroque. Izici zokuhlobisa zamukeleke empilweni yanamuhla.
Ngaphezulu nangaphansi, amakamelo okuhlala amabili, isibonelo sesixazululo sokuhlobisa sesikhala se-baroque. Izibuko ezikhohlisayo kuzimele ezibaziweyo ezihlanganisiwe. Isixazululo esimnandi sisetshenziswa ebukhosini futhi ngasikhathi sinye inhlanganisela ebomvu ebomvu ngegolide
I-Palace Blwenheim (England). Etholakala phakathi kwepaki ejwayelekile ekunambithekeni kwesiFulentshi. Ukuvumelanisa kokuhlanganiswa kwesigodlo kanye nezindunduma eziseduze kwazo zihlangabezana nemibono ngokuvumelana kwe-baroque
Umtapo wezincwadi. Uphahla uhlotshiswe ngokupenda, ukulingisa amafomu ezitshalo nemihlobiso. Igumbi liyasekelwa ku-gamme efudumele yegolide
IKhabinethi ngesitayela se-shinoisry. Ukuhlobisa okulula kusebenza ama-varnish amnyama nama-red Chinese ngokuhlanganiswa ne-gilling
Enye inguqulo ye-baroque ezikhathini zanamuhla. Igumbi lokuhlala landa ngosizo ngosizo lwesibuko nephaneli enhle enomfanekiso wesimo sezakhiwo esifanayo
Igumbi elincane lokuhlala lesimanje lapho isitayela se-stylist accents silifanele khona ngesihlalo esithambile
Igumbi lokuhlala lanamuhla elinezinto zokuhlobisa i-Baroque: ophahleni lwe-stucco, i-sconce yenziwa kabusha ngobunjwa beZilandoles, ezinhlakeni zefenisha esebenzisa imigqa ye-baroque efana ne-wave-efana
'' NgePharadesi leMishini nasesigodlweni! Nginike amasaladi amiNge-marble colonnade kuya phezulu. Nginike okwami
Umalusi, kodwa, uma kungenzeka, makamenze iDuchess yakhe! ''
UVictor Hugo '' ubumba ''
Namuhla kufanele sikhethe okuthile okwamukelekayo empilweni yanamuhla evela emagugu acebile wesitayela se-baroque. Dlulisela kulayini, sizochaza ngezimpawu zalo kanye nokwamukelwa kwaso, ukuze "sithathe umkhumbi wesikhathi sethu" okumangazayo kakhulu, okusobala nokugqamile. Manje, ungakhohlwa ngokukhululeka kokubulawa. I-Votychychi esuka eLouisxiv, asizibeki umsebenzi wokudala ingaphakathi le-CENE yangekhulu lesihlalo ngasinye esiphindwa ngemuva komnikazi: "Umbuso ungowami!"
Ngakho-ke, uBarocco (i-Ital. Freaky, kuyamangaza) - mhlawumbe okungokomzwelo kakhulu phakathi kwezitayela. Ama-Intentiors angenayo izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, amakholomu abilisiwe futhi asontekile, isisusa se-oval
Izakhiwo zokuhlobisa zesitayela
Siyakhumbula ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili eziya enhlanganweni yendawo, eyokudla yangaphandle neyangaphakathi, ayakha futhi iyahlobisa. UBaroque wayeyisitayela sokuhlobisa kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinhlaka zesakhiwo ezifihliwe njengezinhlaka ezimangazayo zezangaphakathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-baroque yisitayela sepulasitiki kunazo zonke, esithatha ama-curls aluhlaza kanye nemihlobiso eyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlobo zefenisha ezigelezayo nokupenda ekuqedeni kwale ndawo.Isitayela sesikhala
Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zesitayela se-baroque kuhlukaniswa ukuvezeka, ukuthuthukiswa njalo. I-Classity Cliality, i-static manje iphansi kumandla anamandla anamandla. Lesi sakhiwo sibonakala sikhula emvelweni yasemadolobheni, sishaywe ngamafomu akhe angabonakali. Ingaphakathi impela liqala izitebhisi, ngokushesha licacisa ithoni endaweni ethile yangaphakathi. I-Encfilade ebabazekayo iqondise ukunyakaza okwengeziwe, ukuyiphoqa ukuthi ithuthukise i-cascade. Le cascade yesikhala ihehe kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye lapho kudlala isici sesitayela se-baroque.
Akunandaba ukuthi waqala kanjani amandla, indawo ekhulayo isalwela iphuzu elingokomzwelo eliphakeme kakhulu lekamelo noma igalari yangaphambili. Ukunyakaza kungaba nesivunguvungu, sinamandla emakamelweni angaphambili nangamakamelo angaphambili, asondele kakhulu, asondele kakhulu ethule. Ukuze kuguqulwe amandla e-Baroque Interiors, ukuguqulwa kwama-engeli nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemiphumela yamehlo asetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, leli hholo landa ngokwengeziwe ngezibuko, litholakala ngokukhethekile ezindongeni ngisho nophahla. Kwakukhona uhlelo lonke lwemfucumfucu yamehlo evimba ivolumu, isikhala esivulekile sakha umbono wamanga. Amandla wesikhala futhi agcizelela izinhlobo ezinzima zefenisha ye-baroque, ubuhle kanye ne-stucco.
Isitayela se-Biography
Omunye wabashayamthetho be-Baroque Era kwakungumakhi we-Italy, iSculptor kanye nomculi xviveque Giovanni Bernini. Kube nokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile kwezakhiwo kanye nohlaka oludaliwe. Ukusebenza bobabili njengomdwebi wezinhlungu, futhi njengohlelo, uBernini washiya isibonakaliso esihle sesithombe somuntu wakuso, kanye namakhathuni amaningi we-witty, esenze omunye wabasunguli be-Art Caricature.Uthanda iVatican noPapa, uBernini wathola ama-oda esonto abahle kakhulu. Ngo-1624-1633, wakha phezu kwe-altare eliyinhloko lesonto leSt. Peter's Cathedral, umkhulu nonamandla ashukumisayo enkombeni yakhe iBronze Baldahin. Isisekelo sokwakhiwa yikholomu yokugoba okumisiwe okuvundile odala umphumela wokukhula okuqhubekayo. UBernini Bernini waqokwa ukuba abe ngumakhi omkhulu weKhathedrali likaSt. Peter. Ngaphezu kwanoma ngubani omunye, iMaestro yaba neqhaza ekwakhekeni kwezimpawu ezintsha ze-baroque ekwakhiweni kwedolobha laphakade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ensembles aqhamukayo awakhombisanga umuntu, kodwana, ngokuphambene nalokho, aphatha, eqinisa i-adventure yemikhosi yokubonakala kweRoma.
Kumaphrojekthi nemidwebo yeBernini, imithombo enhle ebabazekayo yakhiwe ngezibalo ezivelelekile, ukwethula izinto zemvelo. Lokhu "yiTriton Fountain" (eBargeni Square, 1640) kanye nomthombo wemifula emine (ku-Navona Square, 1647-1652). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1656-1665, le ndawo yahlushwa phambi kwesonto laseSt Peter, okuvikelekile okushiwo njengesonto eliyinhloko lomhlaba wamaKatolika. Grand, ngokuya nge-oval colonnade, ngokusho kukaBernini uqobo, "kuphetha isakhiwo esasingana." ISonto Lase-Sant Andrea Alquiryrina (1658) kamuva sakhiwa, abathanda umbukeli ngesigqi esinamandla samafomu aso, futhi "izitebhisi zasebukhosini" zenziwe ngeVatican (1663-1666). Ngenxa yeqhinga lobuqili obuqine, owesilisa owehla kusukela ngenhla ubukeka ephakeme kakhulu kunaseqinisweni. Kumenyelwe eParis, egcekeni lasebukhosini, uBernini wenziwe kumaphrojekthi angu-1665 e-facade we-facade entsha ye-louvre, kwathi ngo-1671-1677 - iphrojekthi yesikhumbuzo sase-equischiv.
I-Russian Baroque inomlando wayo, ithobekile kancane kune-European. I-Menshikova tower nezakhiwo ze-naryshkinsky Barochko, Menshikov tower kanti izakhiwo ze-naryshkinsky baroque zagcinwa kahle, eSt. Baroque, i-Elizabethan Baroque yaba yinto ethokozisayo. Umakhi okhanyayo kakhulu we-XVIIIV, owayesebenza kulesitayela, kunjalo, uBartholomew (Bartolomeo) Rastrellli. Kunezakhiwo zezakhiwo ze-baroque futhi, ikakhulukazi, ama-Interiors azobe emugqeni: isigodlo sasebusika, isigodlo se-Ekateryinkyy e-Tsarskoye Selo, izigodlo zakuqala zaseSt. Petersburg. Kuyinto engaphakathi ye-Grand Kremlin Palace: igumbi lokulala negumbi lokuphumula le-Empress, igumbi lokuhlala langaphambili, ihhovisi lombusi, isofa langaphambili. Esikhathini sonke, isitayela sesigodlo esihle saseRussia singaziqhayisa kuphela zombili izihloko zombili.
Indlu yokusebenzela
Manje khetha izingxenye eziphambili ze-stylistic ze-baroque ongayisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo kwendalo yakho. Ukuqala, chaza izinto ezizinzile nezishukumisayo esikhaleni. Ngokusekelwe kulokho okuzokwenzeka futhi kungathandeki - ukwahlukaniswa noma izindonga, umnyango noma ukuvuleka kwefasitela, umdwebi osendaweni ebaluleke kakhulu.
Isinyathelo sokuqala. Thola amathuba wekhaya lakho noma efulethini. Cabanga, amafomu amakhulu futhi anamandla we-baroque kunzima 'ukuncipha "ngo-40m2. Ingaphakathi le-Apack Baroque lixhumene kahle nezokwakha, umsebenzi wakho ukuhlanganisa ukubukeka nokugcwaliswa kwesakhiwo.
Isinyathelo sesibili. Dala umdwebo nohlelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukubalwa okuyisibonelo kwesikhala esiphelele nekamelo ngalinye ngokwahlukana. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke kwenzeke ukuhlanganisa ubukhulu bezakhi ze-baroque ngayinye lapho umisa khona ukukhetha kwakho, ngevolumu yangempela. Yenza imidwebo embalwa, ngamunye wabo unikezelwe ukwamukelwa kwesitayela esisodwa noma ngezwi.
Isinyathelo sesithathu. Umugqa wokwakheka nokuhlelwa kokuhlala. Imidwebo yokuqala izothinta ikhambi lokuhlela. Uma kungenzeka, dala i-Imfilade. Uma kungekho kungenzeka, zama ukusondela enkingeni ngobuhlakani, ukulingisa isikhala se-baroque, "ukuphotha" kuhlobene nesikhungo esiyinhlanganiya. Nawa amazinga afanele amazinga, uphahla oluhlukile, izitebhisi ezisontekile nokunye okufana naleveli. Ingxenye yemidwebo enikezela ngokwayo ezintweni zokwakha, kungaba yikholamu esontekile noma i-pylon esontekile.
Isinyathelo sesine. Umdwebo olandelayo angavumela ukuqondiswa kwezangaphandle lakho. Ake sithi, senze umdwebo wamakamelo nge-Stucco, futhi-ke, ukucebisa ngokungaguquki umhlobiso, engeza umhlobiso omuhle.
Manje usungamisa ubheke ingaphakathi lokucabanga. Kulesi sigaba, kufanele wenze ukukhetha kokugcina phakathi kokwakhiwa kabusha kwendawo yokuhlala kanye ne-accent yesitayela esingaphansi.
Ukwakheka nokwakheka
Ake sithi ukhetha isixazululo sekhadinali - ukudala ukwakheka kokuhlela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zezakhiwo ze-baroque. Lapha asigcini kakhulu ngokumelene nesiko leSiko LaseSigodlo saseRussia saseSifundazweni saseRussia, uma uligcina i-Corridor. Ifulethi lihlukaniswe ngengxenye yangaphambili nelingasese, futhi i-Corridor isebenza njengohlobo lwegalari. Ama-arches afanelekile, amakholomu (okubili noma asontekile), izibuko eziningi.Izikhungo zeFrontroom zifaka igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokudlela, i-salon, mhlawumbe ihhovisi. Ukudubula ukwakheka kwegumbi lokuphumula negumbi lokudlela, khumbula ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwabo okusebenzayo nekhishi noma omunye nomunye ngaphakathi kwe-baroque ingaphandle akwamukeleki. Uma ukwazi ukukhokhela igumbi lokudlela elihlukile, ungakunaki. Makhulu ukusekela umoya wokunethezeka nobuningi.
Amakamelo we-Parade ngokwesiko atholakala eduze komnyango. Zingabekwa ezinhlangothini zombili ze-Gallery Corridor, ngaleyo ndlela zidale noma zilingise amahholo aphindwe kabanzi. Lapho uhlobisa igumbi lokuhlala, sebenzisa ngesibindi yonke indlela yokuhlobisa i-Arsenal: Uphahla lweStucco, ama-Consoles, ama-plafoons, amalimu kanye nezibuko. Izibuko kumhlobiso wesigodlo zingazinikelwa enkondlweni yonke. Itholakala kuma-niches, ngaphezulu kweziduduzi nezindawo zokucima umlilo, futhi ophahleni, zichoboza isikhala, zisindise noma zikha ama-engeli angajwayelekile. Azikho esinye isitayela esingazange sisebenzise isibuko ngokwethembisa futhi kanjalo nobuciko. Ngakho-ke, zama ukukhombisa ngokugcwele amakhono amakhombi wezibuko ezingaphakathi kwakho.
Ingxenye nevolumu
Lapho ukuvela kabusha kwezilinganiso kanye namavolumu wesitayela, kwenze kancane. Ukunciphisa kancane amakholomu noma, kunalokho, sebenzisa amafomu asontekile asontekile nokwehla. Okungaphezulu kokungaphezu kokudingayo kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwesizotha, vula ama-gildling emhlobisweni wezindonga nefenisha. Ukugcotshwa kancane, makukhishwe ... Izinguquko ezibukwayo ezincwadini nasezingxenyeni ezithile zingatholakala ngezindleko zokuhlobisa okuhle nokulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokuphakama nobubanzi bamakholomu.
Izixazululo zepulasitiki
Ekwakhiweni kweplastiki kodonga, kuhle ukusebenzisa ama-semi-colonges aphuma kancane okongwe ngonxantathu noma ngokwesisemi Indiza yodonga, ngaphandle kwezibuko, ukufakwa okuhle noma ukuqina, okuhlotshiswe ngamaphrofayili okusiza. Lawa masu adala indawo yepulasitiki enamandla futhi aguqule indiza ye-inert ibe yinhle "emuva".Ukuthungwa
Ukusuka ekuguqukeni kwepulasitiki iya ezintweni zokwakha. Okunethezeka kakhulu futhi okuhle kubo kuzoba yimabula. Namuhla ukukhethwa kwezimabula zokugcina zokuhlobisa zibanzi kakhulu. Phila, nge-streaks kanye nama-reflexes athambile, ukuthungwa kwalokhu okuqukethwe kunesigodlo senkosi yangempela. Ukusuka Marble, awukwazi ukwenza amakholomu kuphela noma ukufakwa kwezindawo zomlilo, kodwa futhi nama-countertops. Isicwebezelisi esibandayo sizophikiswa ukukhanya okufudumele kwama-gilding amaningi. Mina ngifaka kancane le misebe ye-baroque ungadoba ama-vermures noma i-trellis ngezigcawu zokwelusa nezenganekwane. Ukutholwa okuthambile okuthambile, okuvumayo kuzodala umoya wokuzazisa. Igumbi lokulala, igumbi lezingane, egumbini lezingane, lingasebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zemihudo ye-velvet. Amakamelo ephepha ancamela ukulondolozwa ukukhanya okuphelele futhi athande izindwangu ngobunye obuhle - usilika, atlas, pass. Iick isikhumba!
Izici zesitayela sokuhlobisa
Unelungelo lokwenza into evelele yezangaphakathi yokuklama, ukuyisebenzisa njengokuhlobisa. Kungaba yi-arch, ikholamu noma umgibeli. Ngokulingisa kwanamuhla, kunengqondo ukukhetha isisusa sekhonsoli eboshwe kanye nesigqi esikushaya ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kokuguqukela ekuguqulweni kwezindawo okumnandi. Izinto ezengeziwe zokuhlobisa ezakha ngenkuthalo isithombe sezangaphakathi sasebukhosini, izibuko zibaluleke kakhulu.Isigaba sokugcina somsebenzi sizodinga umzamo omncane futhi sikhawulelwe ekufakweni ngaphakathi kwengaphakathi le-accent yesitayela. Ukwakha umkhathi wesigodlo, uBaroque uzobe owanele isifundo esisodwa, okungcono kakhulu kwayo yonke ifenisha. Kunamathele ngaphansi kombhede wasendulo onombhede, i-antique bureau noma intokazi yentokazi yokusebenzisana kusuka esihlahleni sangaphandle izokwenza igumbi lakho lokulala noma igatsha legatsha lamagumbi e-louisxiv noma uCapline omkhulu.
Isitayela ngasinye esikhulu sidinga impilo yangempela ukuze silingane namafomu. Kalula nje, isitayela yindlela yokuphila ehlanganiswe ngobuciko. I-Baroque Chants ubuhle bamandla, iphupho laphakade likaRoylity. Lesi sitayela siyohlala sinomdlandla wokunethezeka okuhle. Mhlawumbe, ngakho-ke futhi futhi ubuyela kithi ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene, neurokko, isigodlo, njll. Uma ungabela ingubo yakho yezingalo ngesitayela ngasinye esikhulu, ngoba i-baroque lokhu, ngokungangabazeki, kungaba uphonhlisi.
Incwadi Yomklamo WaseRussia-Designer
Ansfilada (Fr. Enfilade) - Inani lezakhiwo eziseduze, iminyango yazo etholakala e-aksisi eyodwa, eyakha umbono owodwa wokusika (ngokwesibonelo, ezindlini zaseBaroque).
Ibuziso - Ukulahla ikholomu, uthango.
Verduura - Ikhaphethi efakwe odongeni enezisusa zemifino, ukubukeka kwezwe, i-heraldry, kepha hhayi ngezibalo. I-Posnovna Verdura yayithandwa ku-XVII.
Volisa (I-Ital. I-Voluta, Izincwadi. I-Curl) - umhlobiso, umhlobiso we-sculptural ngendlela ye-Curl, Kuvunguza nge- "Eye" enkabeni. Imininingwane yokwakha yama-eaves, ama-portals, iminyango, amawindi. Ingxenye eyinhlanganisela yabaphathi be-oda.
Uhlobo lweningi le-lyrandol - Umdwebo kakhandlela wamakhandlela amaningi. Faka etafuleni noma unamathiselwe odongeni. Ithandwa kakhulu e-Baroque nase-Rococo Era.
Insandla - Uhlobo lwe-inlaid kusuka kumapuleti okhuni lwezinye izinhlobo nemibala ezifundweni zokhuni. Izifunda ze-Innars zihlotshiswe ifenisha e-Renaissance Era futhi ikakhulukazi i-baroque.
Ikhonsoli (Frt. I-cose) - Ukukhishwa odongeni noma kuthathwe ngakunye odongeni logongolo, ukusekela i-cornice, i-balcony, isithombe esibaziweyo, i-vase, njll.
Usebenino - Umhlobiso wokuthola usizo (okutholwe, umhlobiso) ngaphandle nangaphakathi ezakhiwo, njengomthetho, uphonswe noma ucindezelwe ku-plaster, ukhonkolo, njll.
Emshadweni - Inlay, eyenziwe ngamapuleti anamathela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinkuni nezinye izinto. I-Marquety Technique yayidume kakhulu e-Baroque naseRococo.
Isitayela se-naryshkinsky (Atakzhe Narshkinskoye noma iMoscow Baroque) - okunemibandela, ngegama leNazillian Nazill, igama lesitayela sesitayela sokwakhiwa kwamakhulu ama-XVII-Feramerea Sekuqala XVIIII. Yayifakwe amasonto amahle anamahloni amaningi (i-inkilah kanye neTroitsky-Lykov) nezakhiwo zezwe ezinomdlandla omhlophe oqoshiwe.
Pilons. (Pylon. I-Pylon, i-Pylon. I-Gate, Okokufaka) - Izinsika ezinkulu ezisebenzela ukwesekwa kokugqekeza noma ukuma ezinhlangothini ze-portal zokwakha, ukungena ebhulohweni.
Ukubeka - Izinsana ezivela emisebenzini yobuciko bokuhlobisa be-Baroque ne-Rococo Era. Ingcebo efanekisa, impilo, ubuningi. Ukungafanele udideke ngezingelosi, lapho uPutti ehlukaniswa khona imvelaphi yasendulo nokuzwela okunempilo.
Rustic (abalekayo. U-rusticus- elula, ulukhuni) - ama-masonry noma aqoqe izindonga zezakhiwo ezinamatshe anovalo olunobuso noma i-convex ebusweni ("RUMA"); Ukubhekana ne-rudiment kungenziwa ngokulingisa u-plaster.
Isitayela sokuxhaphaza - Isitayela sefenisha esenziwe eWarles Bul Pul (ukuphela kokuqala kwe-XVII ngekhulu le-XVIII). Ukungafani kwale fenisha kwakuyi-ntuster yokhuni olumnyama kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezingane.
It - I-Round Tollque Insert. Imvamisa, i-Tdodo yabekwa ngaphezulu kwefasitela noma iminyango.
Shinoazry (Spr.
I-trellis - Ikhaphethi yodonga olungenziwe ngezandla.