Ukwahlukaniswa kuhlukile: kuguqulwe futhi kumile; Ngokhuni, izitini, ingilazi, eyomile noma ezinye izinto zokwakha, kepha zonke zisekuqaleni futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa.
Izinhlobo zokuguqula izingxenye:
A - okuthambile okuthambile (uhlobo lwekhethini),
B - ukugoqa okuqinile,
B - ukugoqa okuqinile kabili,
G - i-rets iphelele,
D - Inhlanganisela Eguqukayo
Izidingo zezindlu zishintsha kanye noshintsho olwenzeka emndenini, ngakho-ke lapho usakha kabusha ifulethi noma ukwakhiwa kwekhethini, kuyadingeka ukubona okukhethwa kukho okuhlukahlukene ngaphandle kokubandlulula kwendawo, okuyinhloko amadizayini abukeke nokubukeka. Izindlu zokugezela nezitebhisi zingaba nendawo emisiwe, futhi ukuguqulwa kwezinye izakhiwo kungenzeka ngenxa yokudluliselwa noma kusetshenziswa ukwahlukaniswa okushelelayo kwezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Ngokungafani nabathwali bezindonga zezindonga, ukwahlukaniswa kwalokhu kungakhethi, noma kunalokho, izakhiwo ezizisekelayo. Zifakiwe kumapuleti ukhonkolo aqinisiwe, imishayo noma kuphi nanoma yiluphi uhlangothi, khona-ke, kufanele kube lula, ahlangabezane nezidingo zamandla kanye nokumelana nemithelela emishini (ngokwesibonelo, iziteleka ezingahleliwe ngesikhathi sombuso wefenisha. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngamazinga okuhlanzeka futhi ahlanzekile, isidingo esikhulu sezindlu zangasese, izindlu zangasese, ukumelana komswakama ekhishini, ukungabikhona kwamathambo kufaka ukubukeka kwezinambuzane namagundane.
Ukuhlukaniswa emakhethini nasezifuylini kuvame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezivimbela umlilo (span okungenani 0.25h). Izakhiwo ze-Assmeseser ngomehluko wokushisa ngaphezulu kwe-10C (ngokwesibonelo, lapho uhlukanisa iTamburA kusuka ngaphambili) kumele kube nokufakelwa okuthile okushisayo.
Izinhlobo zokuhlukaniswa
Ngokuqokwa - okumisiwe nokuguqula.Ngokusho komklamo, ungqimba olulodwa kanye ne-multilayer.
Ngokwendlela yokwakha, iphaneli yephaneli (iphaneli, usayizi egumbini, ayivelakancane emakhayeni), okugogeka kahle, i-monolithic.
Ngokusho kwezinto ezibonakalayo - izitini, ezivela ematsheni e-ceramic nakwemvelo, i-slab (ukhonkolo-ukhonkolo, ukhonkolo we-gypsum, njll. Izinto zokwakha), kusuka emabhulokini ama-glass.
Ukuhlukaniswa okwenziwe ngezingqinamba, umthamo we-soundproofing ngu-45-50 db. Inezinhlaka ezingezona ezingqimba, ezinesisindo esingu-150-250 kg / m2. I-Lightweight-ungqimba ongqimba (i-Iskyrpich, ebekwe "emaphethelweni", amabhodi, ukhonkolo, njll.) Ngobukhulu bama-65-100 mm, i-60-120 kg / m2 inomsindo omncane, kepha okwanele (30- 40 I-DB) futhi isebenza kuphela njengezindonga ezingaphakathi ngaphakathi efulethini.
Kwezinye izimo, ngokwesibonelo, umehluko phakathi kwekamelo lokuhlala, ikhishi nendawo yokudlela yenziwa ngempumelelo ngokuvuleka okuvulekile noma okusobala okuhlobisa insimbi noma ama-latsices wokhuni, hhayi konke ukuphakama kwekamelo ezindongeni ezikhanyayo.
Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi umsindo ukumba ngokuqinile kungqimba olulodwa, kodwa ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziminyene kuhlukaniswe ama-gaskets kusuka ku-40-60mm, okulingana nokwanda kwe isisindo sokuhlukaniswa okungqimba okukodwa nge-100 kg / m2. Kodwa-ke, izinhlaka ezinjalo zidinga izindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi ngakho-ke ezikhishini ezisetshenziselwa ngokuphelele.
Ama-slabs ekhonkolo aqinisiwe asetshenziswa ezakhiweni zokuhlala ajwayele ukwakhelwa umthwalo we-300 no-400 kg / m2, okubavumela ukuba afake izitini ezinobukhulu be-120mm. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yabo, izimo eziningi ezakhayo ziyadingeka: ukwahlukaniswa (konke kepha ukuguqula) kufanele kube ukuthembela ngqo kumklamo wenkampani ophansi futhi akunakufanelekile ukuwahlanza ungqimba lwe isisekelo, ngaphandle kwalokho imifantu izovela kubo. Uma ubheka ngaphezulu kwemigqa yokhuni idivaysi yokwahlukanisa kumele icatshangwe ngokucophelela.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezindleko, ubudlova nokusebenzisa izinto zokwakha kusendaweni yesithathu ngemuva kwezindonga, phansi, phansi. Indawo yabo idlula endaweni yaphansi cishe kabili, izindleko zezinto zokwakha zifinyelela ku-8-10% yezindleko eziphelele zekhethini, kanye nokwakhiwa okungaba ngu-15%. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kobukhulu kanye nesisindo sesakhiwo (ngenkathi kugcinwa ukufakwa komsindo okudingekayo), ukwelula kanye nokufakwa kalula, izindleko eziphansi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ezidingekayo ukuze unake lapho ukhetha ukwahlukaniswa.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezitini. Ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kungokwesiko okwengeziwe, ngokungafani nokuguqula okuvame ukusetshenziswa, ezimweni eziningi kwenziwa ngezitini (kanye nezindonga zangaphandle) noma ezinye izinto ezincane ze-slab. Izinhlaka ezinjalo zilula ekukhiqizweni, zinezakhiwo ezinhle zokulwa nomlilo, ukumelana nomswakama okuphezulu, ngesikhathi sokuvimbela umswakama, ngesikhathi sokufakwa kungadingi ukukhanga okuphoqelekile kwendlela yokuphakamisa futhi kungabi naluphi uhlobo (olubalulekile ngaphakathi kwendawo yekheshi lesimanje. Ukuhlukaniswa kuvame ukushintshwa ezinhlangothini zombili, ukuhlikihla ngokucophelela, ukulungiselela ngaphansi kokupenda noma ukunamathisela ngephepha lodonga. Ukusuka ohlangothini lwezakhiwo ezinomswakama ophezulu, kuyinto efiselekayo ukubayela yonke ukuphakama (noma kungabi ngaphansi kuka-180 cm) ngamathayili e-ceramic, ezinye izinto zokumelana nomswakama noma upende wamafutha angenhla.
Ukunciphisa isisindo sodonga olungeyona isikhala, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise izitini ezisebenzayo noma ze-rust ezingenalutho noma, ezindlini zokugezela, amakati okugeza, amakhishi ubude obugcwele kuphela (i-silia elimhlophe alifanele).
Ezakhiweni zosayizi abancane, ukwahlukaniswa kwezitini kungama-65mm aminyene. Ukuze bakhuphule ukuqina, kufanele baqiniswe ngokuqondile nangokuvundlile, bakha iseli engu-525525mm. Izimpahla eziseduze kwe-contour yamaseli anjalo zibekwe ngokuqinisa: kungaba yinsimbi enesigaba esingu-225mm, noma izinduku ezimbili ezinobubanzi obungu-4-6 mm. Ukuhlukaniswa okubalulekile kuze kube yi-1,5m kanye nokuqiniswa kokuqiniswa kwama-65mm kwenziwa kuphela kuma-seams avundlile ngokusebenzisa imigqa emibili noma emithathu yezitini.
Izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezingama-120mm zikhulu ngobude obungaphezu kwama-5m kunconyelwa ukufaka kabusha insimbi ye-bandage yonke imigqa eyisithupha ye-brickwork. Ukuphela kokuqiniswa kuhlotshaniswa nemiklamo esemqoka yesakhiwo, ukukhala ezindongeni, noma ku-clog bese unamathisela ezindongeni, ama-racks.
Ama-jumpers phezu kweminyango yezahlukaniso angaqoqwa ngohlobo lwezinkomba eziqinisiwe noma zigcizelele ngezinduku zensimbi. Lapho kusetshenziswa idivaysi yezakhiwo ezihlukanisayo, kusetshenziswa izinto ezinkulu, ukhonkolo we-gypsum, ukhonkolo wegwebu, ukhonkolo kanye nezinye izitobha, ububanzi obuhlukahlukene buye ku-2500 kuye ku-1200mm ngokuphakama ka-From400mm kuya ku-2,5-3-2.1m kanye nobukhulu kusuka ku-45 kuya ku-80-00mm. I-Mass ishintshashintsha kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-80-120 kg. Amapuleti ajwayele ukufakwa kungqimba elilodwa futhi ahlelwe ahlanganiswe nenye into yokuqeda, isibonelo, i-penotseks. Eceleni kwe-loop kudlula i-groove, okuyinto, lapho ifakiwe, ukuhlangana kocansi kugcwele ngodaka ngodaka.
Iminyango yamafreyimu eminyango ekuhlukanisweni kwezinto zokwakha amapuleti kumele idlule, i-mosse kusuka phansi kuya ophahleni. Ngaphakathi kophahla oluhlangene, ungancoma ukubeka ama-slats ngokhuni lapho imidwebo, izibuko, ama-hanger, njll. Zimisiwe ezintanjeni.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi amaningi okwakha kanye namafemu anikela ngama-Horroom ahlukaniswe ngokhonkolo weselula, i-dry-fiber, njll. Amaphaneli aphezulu kusuka phansi (2,5-3.0 m), ububanzi be-200mm nokuningi, 80-100 mm obukhulu. Izinto ezingekho (ngobubanzi begumbi, hhayi ububanzi obuningi bephaneli) buka kusuka kuma-main, nama-plinths, ojantshi ophahleni, amakhona, kufakiwe ama-fasteners. Lawa maphaneli, ahlanganiswe kalula ekwahlukanisweni, ane-gamut ebanzi, athengiswe ngezindawo ezihlotshisiwe ezenziwe ngomumo ezilingisa imabula, izinkuni zohlobo oluhlukile nezinye izinto. Amafemu aqinisekisa ukuqina kwawo okudingekayo nokulula kokunakekelwa. Ukuhamba kohlu lwezincane nezinhlaka ze-slab cishe kuyafana, futhi amanani entengo yokwakha anawo ngokomnotho ngokwengeziwe.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi eHhovisi Izindlu inani lezinto zivame ukwenzeka kanye ngengxenye ngaphezu kwezindlu zasemadolobheni. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwefenisha yesigaba seSeptum-Section-Section kusebenza kakhulu.
Wonke amalunga ezinto kanye nezimbobo ekwahlukaniswe ngemuva kwamadivayisi we-wiring ananative, imishini kagesi kufanele ivalwe ngokuqinile, futhi ukushiya izikhala (15-20 mm) ubude ngokucophelela amaphakethe noma amaminerali azwakala, ancishiswe ngesisombululo se-gypsum noma ekhuphuka Foam. UJade ohlangothini lwangaphambili lwe-Wall Ored Slit eboshwe ngaphandle ngesisombululo sokujula kwe-20-30 mm.
Imiphetho yokuhlukaniswa kufanele ilungiswe ezindongeni nophahla ngosizo lwamabakaki ensimbi akhethekile e-galvaning, efakwe emthungo phakathi kwama-slabs we-overlaps nezindonga. Isixazululo se-conjugation ephumelelayo yisikhungo sokwahlukanisa ebunyeni bezindonga, lapho imisele (izigaba) zokujula kuka-60 mm zishiywe noma zihlukaniswe izinyawo ngemuva kwemigqa emihlanu kuya kweziyisithupha zama-masonry. Imisipha phakathi kohlaka lomnyango kanye nokwahlukanisa imbozwa nge-PLATBAND. Naka iqiniso lokuthi ama-plinths afakwe kuphela ekuhlukanisweni noma phansi kuphela.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokhuni Ekwakhiweni kwanamuhla, asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ku-log, eqondayo, izindlu zokhuni nezindlu zangadi. Imvamisa, lezo zinhlaka ezinjalo ezenziwe kabusha zenziwa ngokuqondile esizeni sokwakha ezivela ezihlatsheni ngazinye eziqukethe ezimbili (kwesinye isikhathi noma ezintathu noma ezintathu ezinamakamelo okubandayo nama-limber udoti, amakhadibhodi agcwele, i-Pergamine ( Akufanele isetshenziswe kuphela noma umgijimi umunyu oqukethwe kuwo unikeza iphunga elinamandla, ikakhulukazi ehlobo). Ukuze wandise ukuqina kokuhlukaniswa, ungqimba olulodwa lwamabhodi anobude obungu-900-1200 mm kanye nobukhulu bama-40-50 mm afakwe mpo, kanti elinye elise-angle lika-45-90. Ububanzi bezihlangu ezinjalo bungu-500-1000 mm, ukuphakama kulingana nebanga phakathi kwephansi nophahla, kucatshangelwa igebe elingaphezulu ekuhlanekelweni kwezindonga zendlu nokunganembile kwezakhiwo.
Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezomnotho kwamafreyimu we-sawn timber, aqukethe uhlaka oluvundlile, ama-racks kanye nomunyu. I-rack yokhuni enengxenye yesiphambano esingu-50 (60) 80 (100) mm isethwe kude cishe ngo-500-1200 mm komunye kusuka kwesinye (kuya ngokuqukethwe kanye nobukhulu be-casing) futhi kuxhunyiwe kwabaphansi futhi Ukuhlunga okuphezulu kwesigaba esifanayo sesiphambano ngezikhala noma izipikili. Uhlaka oluvela ezinhlangothini zombili luphulukiswa ngobukhulu be-25mm (ama-clapboard) noma ezinye izinto: plywood, erganim, plasterboard (stc) udaka, njll. Ukungenisa izihambi, amashidi e-plasterboard (uma kungaxhunyiwe kwisisekelo esiminyene) kucindezelwe kalula futhi kungagcina izipikili zimbi. Izingxenye zezinkuni zimbozwe ngephepha lodonga noma zihlehliswe nhlangothi zombili.
Izakhi zozimele unganikeza ukufakwa komsindo okukhulayo (kuze kube yi-40 DB) kanye nesihlangu sokushisa, ukugcwalisa izikhala phakathi komugqa we-trim kanye nama-slag ama-racks, i-sawdust ngokobu amapuleti akhanyayo efektri yokukhiqiza efektri. Ukuvimbela ukuhanjiswa kwemvula okungenzeka ngemuva kwe-400-600 mm, izingqimba ezivundlile zezinto eziminyene (i-aperture) zihlelwe ngokuphakama kwama-racks (actorture), ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kusisombululo ngegridi yokuqinisa. Ukuhlukaniswa kungcono kutholakala noma ngaphesheya kwemishayo. Lapho kusenesikhathi, imigoqo emincane (ama-rigger) ibekwe phakathi kwemishayo, emiswe ku-metal clamps.
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zezinto "zodonga zokwehlukanisa", njengokubaza, ezihlahleni zokhuni eziqinile noma ezikhanyiselwe ezinodlame, izivikelo zokhuni ezikhanyayo, amagridi e-veneer ngokhuni, ama-glass block. Ziyasebenza emakamelweni lapho ukufakwa okuhle komsindo kungadingeki, kepha inhlangano ebalulekile yesikhala sezindawo zesikhala.
Ukwahlukaniswa njengefenisha. Uhlobo olukhethekile luhlukanisa ukwahlukaniswa kanye namakhabethe, ukwahlukaniswa odongeni. Zingafakelwa noma kuphi efulethini zombili ngesikhathi sokwakha nasendabeni yokuguqulwa noma ukulungisa ikotishi. Okukhulu kwezindonga zamanga zinama-wardrobes okugcina izinto ngisho nefenisha. Isikhala esiphansi sophahla ngaphakathi kwedizayini siyikhono eliwusizo, ukuze igumbi likhishwe kakhulu kwifenisha ejwayelekile: isifuba esihlukahlukene sekhabethe, izifuba, amashalofu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezigaba neminyango yamakhabethe kuhluke kakhulu: ngezingubo, ilineni, amasudi, izitsha, izincwadi; Amatafula weFilk, onobhala, imigoqo yeChervante, imibhede, imibhede, okulungele ikakhulukazi amakamelo ezingane angafakwa kuwo. Izindleko zalokhu kuhlukaniswa ziphindwe kathathu kunenani lejwayelekile, kodwa ngokunemba kakhulu.
Ubukhulu bemikhawulo enjalo - amakhabethe angaba yinoma yimuphi, kepha imvamisa ngezingubo, kepha ngokuvamile ukuze kube nezingubo, amashalofu okulangazelela ngaphansi kwezincwadi, izitsha, ama-baubles azithandayo - anamathele osusweni lokubopha ama-screws nama-pads abopha uphawu.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amawadi amade wegumbi elinethezekile elele, futhi ubude kusukela phansi kuya ophahleni, lapho kunesikhala esijwayelekile sokuvula (ngaphambi kwawo kudingekile ukuba nesikhala samahhala segumbi) isibuko, esikhanyisiwe noma izicabha ezishelelayo (eziswidi) ezingadingi isikwele esiphakeme. Zingakwazi ukulungele zombili izindonga ezingezona ezingenamuntu.
Ukuhlukaniswa namakhabethe namawadi ama-wardrobes kulungele iqiniso lokuthi angabekwa noma kuphi efulethini, eshukumise, enikeze indawo entsha yendlu ngokuya ngemindeni eshintshiwe yomndeni. Amakhabethe ezahlukaniso angahluka ngobukhulu, njengoba kuvame ukuqoqwa ezintweni ze-modular futhi ziyifenisha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Lokhu kungukuthola okumangalisayo kwesibuyekezo sanamuhla sanangaphakathi.
Ukuthembisa kakhulu izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuguqula ukwahlukanisa: ukuslayida, okubuyisayo, okusongekile okuthambile, ukugoqa okuqinile. Basetshenziselwa ukwahlukana kwesikhashana (noma ukukhuphuka) kwamakamelo, njengegumbi lokuhlala, ukudlela noma ihholo le-inlet; Ngelinye ilanga kude, kusihlwa nasebusuku kungahlukaniswa ngamakamelo okulala.
Idizayini elula kakhulu futhi elula kakhulu - ukwahlukaniswa okuthambile noma okuqinile okugoqiwe: Ukudonswa kwe-Drapery kuguqulwe ku-One noma zombili izinhlangothi kulo lonke ububanzi noma ingxenye yegumbi. Imvamisa benziwe ngesikhumba sokufakelwa, ifilimu yepulasitiki nezinye izinto eziguqukayo, eziqiniswa ngama-glued vertical bokhuni racks-racks (isiphambano kusuka ku-2040 kuye ku-3580mm). Zimiswe imikhawulo emaphethelweni aphezulu kuma-rolling abhangqiwe ahamba ngaphakathi kophahla lwensimbi evutha ngophahla lwensimbi noma ngokhuni. Ukuze wandise ukuqina, ukuqinisekisa umfaniswano wokugoqa ukwahlukaniswa emaphethelweni aphansi ama-racks, insimbi "imimese" ifakwe esigabeni somhlahlandlela esitezi kwesinye isikhathi ifakiwe. Kumele ihlotshwe ngemivimbo yensimbi noma amakhona futhi yenza okuncane (3.5 mm). Ukuphakama kwalomklamo kufinyelela ku-3m, futhi ubude bungu-1.5-3 m. Ifomu elenziwe alithathanga ngaphezu kwama-600 mm ngobubanzi nangama-200mm ububanzi.
Ukuhlukaniswa okugoqwe kanzima akushadile (kufinyelela ku-to2.5m) futhi kabili (i-OT8M nokuningi), kuqukethe izindwangu zokhuni noma zepulasitiki, ezinobuhlakani ezinobude obungu-2,5-3 m, upiyano ongu-250-600 izihibe noma imichilo yesikhumba, i-braid. Banama-roller aphezulu noma aphansi aphakathi kwesihlangu ngasinye esikhulu, esibavumela ukuthi bajikeleze lapho beshayela. Emaphethelweni, kufakwa imiphefumulo emibili eyisithulu, enamathiselwe ezibayeni, futhi uma kunesidingo, ilokhi futhi iyakhala.
Kunengqondo nje ukusebenzisa ukwahlukaniswa okuguqukayo kwanamuhla (okufana ne-sash ku-wardrobe). Zivame ukubulawa ngokwehlukana, kukho konke ukuphakama kokuhlukaniswa, amaphaneli abanzi angama-800mm nokuningi endizeni aso, okungukuthi, emgqeni oqondile. Kuya ngendawo yama-roller, ukwahlukaniswa kuhlukaniswe ngemisiwe (phezulu) kanye nereferensi (phansi). Ekugcineni, imihlahlandlela yenziwa phansi (cishe ama-50mm ukujula). Ngemuva kokuvula, i-broove-groove enjalo ingcono ukubeka okwesikhashana ukugcwala kwesitimela ngezinga eliphansi. Ngemiklamo emincane (emfushane), ama-grooves angavalwa yi-strip yerabha eliwugqinsi elifudumeza ngaphansi kwe-roller engezansi.
Amaphaneli ahlanganisiwe ahamba ngokufana komunye nomunye emikhondweni nasesimweni esigoqiwe agcinwa kumakhasethi akhethekile we-phenlah.