Unganciphisa kanjani ubungozi bezinkinga ngohlelo lwendle endlini, futhi uma bevuka, khona-ke kulula ukubhekana nakho. Izincomo zomnini khaya.
Ilungelo lokusebenzisa ama-blades wokukhucululwa kwendle, ngamunye wethu uhlala ekhokha ingcindezi kusuka kokulindelwe yinoma iyiphi inkathazo kuyo. Make! Lokhu kwesaba kuvame ukulungiswa. Ngokusho kokubonwa kochwepheshe, bangaphezu kuka-60% ezisekelweni ezakhiweni zokuhlala okungenani zakhukhula nge-wastewater ngenxa yeshubhu lendle. I-athikili yethu yokuthi unganciphisa kanjani ubungozi bezinkinga ngokuthuthwa kwendle endlini nokuthi kube lula kanjani ukubhekana nazo
Umsebenzi wendle
Ngaphezu kwezikhukhula zezakhiwo ngokungcola, indle yasendlini iveza lezimanga ngendlela yokuvuza, iphunga elithile, umsindo osabekayo. Yebo, futhi ama-aesthetics wezinhlobonhlobo zamapayipi abonakalayo amuhle kakhulu. Ukubona kusengaphambili ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingalindelwa kusuka endle, kuyasiza ukuqonda umongo wedivayisi yawo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza.Inethiwekhi yamapayipi namadivayisi wepayipi (lapha "amadivaysi") ukuqoqa nokunciphisa amanzi asetshenzisiwe kanye nemfucuza yasendlini (ngaphandle kwamanzi emvula) ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo abizwa ngawo ngaphandle, futhi ngokuthundletheka okungaphakathi. Kusuka kudivayisi ngayinye (ukugeza, ukugeza, indlu yangasese, njll.) Imivimbo ngepayipi lempompi ithunyelwa ekususweni kwe-tap ovundlile, kuyo - ipayipi elithe mpo. Ingxenye yokufaka yendlu ihamba kahle ekukhishweni kweshubhu elivundlile, ukususa imivimbo kusuka esakhiweni ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba (ngaphansi kokujula kwenhlabathi kuyabanda). Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqonde emapayiphu kungaba ngokubuka kahle, futhi ukusuka ekukhuculeni kwendle abangaphandle, noma ithangi le-septic yohlelo lokuhlanza lwendawo. Ingxenye engenhla ye-riser iboniswa ngenhla kophahla lwendlu futhi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-effect. Ihlukaniswe ngayo emkhathini wamagesi kusuka ekukhuculeni kwendle kwangaphandle.
Amanzi avela emachibini okubhukuda, ama-boilers, ukufudumeza kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi nazo zinikezwa emthanjeni wendle. Inethiwekhi yendle ekuqaleni yadalwa njenge-non-sadre, Samotane. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izingosi zayo ezivundlile, ezincane (1-4%) zinikezwa, kepha zilawulwa ngokuqinile amapayipi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamanzi amdaka. Ukuxhumeka kwamapayipi kunethiwekhi ebanzi kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinto ezikhethekile zokuxhuma (Tees, ompompi, ama-crossmen, njll.). Babizwa ngokuthi izakhi ezibunjiwe noma "Fasonina". Izici ezinjalo zokuxhuma ithuluzi elilodwa zidinga kusuka ku-13 ku-6ckake. Ukuze amagesi wendle awangeni egumbini, idivaysi ngayinye inamathiselwe ekususweni ngedivaysi ekhethekile esebenza njenge-hydraulic shutter. Amapayipi ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-siphons" abo. I-shutter, empeleni, ishubhu elimise okwenziwe nge-loop noma elibunjiwe, eligcwele amanzi. Amanzi futhi ukhonza njengesithiyo endleleni yamagesi kusuka ekususweni kwekamelo (ubuthakathi kanye nezicupho, okwakhelwe ekwakhiweni kwesango).
Ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi, okusho inani layo, ngokuyinhloko kuncike kwinombolo nokubekwa kwezinsimbi endlini. Izindleko zohlelo lokukhuculu endle ezindlini zanamuhla ama-oscillates asuka kwezinkulungwane eziyi-1 kuye kwayi-15. Amadola ku-riser.
Izinsimbi zokukhucululwa kwendle
I-Vomor ngokungangabazeki ibhishi eliyinhloko lokuthuthwa kwendle. Isizathu saso esiyinhloko yisimo sengqondo sokuhlanza inethiwekhi, esicishe sisebenzise ngamabomu njengohlobo lokulahla udoti. UJesl endlini yedolobha Lesi simo sisindisa ingxenye enkulu yamanzi amdaka, ngasikhathi sinye esivela emafulethini amaningi, khona-ke ekhetini, ukukhululeka kukadoti endlini yangasese kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwamapayipi.
Kepha ngisho nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, indle indle ayihlanganisiwe. Ngani? Masinikeze isibonelo esibonakalayo. Ngabe i-hostem evame ukwenzani ukuze ilahle ngokuphelele amanzi ngokungcola okuqinile ebhokisini? Uguqula ibhakede ukuze udoti ujikeleze ebhakedeni, bese okuqukethwe kufafaze ngokunyakaza okubukhali. Ngamanye amagama, okokuqala kuhumusha imfucumfucu esiqinile ibe yisisindo esinesisindo, bese kunika umfudlana we-liquid ijubane elikhulu lokunyakaza. Ngakho-ke kunethiwekhi yokuthuthwa kwendle. Kuyadingeka ekuzihlanzeni kwayo ukuthi izinhlayiya ezinkulu zisesimweni esimisiwe esigabeni se-fluid, kanti izinga lokugeleza alithobeki ngaphansi kobucayi. Kuvela ukuthi ngokukhucululwa kwendle, isilinganiso esinjalo sepayipi elivundlile kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-0.7 m / s, futhi ukugcwaliswa kwesigaba sesiphambano sepayipi kumanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlayiya zizowela phansi kwepayipi.
Amathuba wekhefu lepayipi likhulu, elilingana kakhulu naphakathi kwalo, kubandakanya ngenxa yokugqwala kanye namadiphozithi ahlukile, likhulu indlela yokugeleza kwamaconsi abukhali, aphenduka, ama-ledges. Okungukuthi, kunzima inethiwekhi yamapayipi, okunamandla amathuba okuba nezinkinga. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zendle kufanele zihlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kulokhu, amapayipi ahlinzeka ngokubizwa okubizwa ngokuthi "(ukubopha uLuch) kanye" nokuhlanza "(izimbobo odongeni lwamapayipi, zivaliwe ngokodonga lwamapayipi, zivaliwe ngokokhokho). Zibekwe lapho, lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kuguqula khona uhlobo lwenhlangano, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kwendawo yokuxhuma amapayipi amaningana, ijika elibukhali, i-Indent (ikhefu elincane ku-riser), kanye nokukhululwa.
Ukuze kubhekwe. Uma ukuthulula ukuthulula i-washbasin sngin kuthatha imizuzwana engaphezu kwe-12, futhi ukugeza okugcwele kungaphezu kwama-180rse, kusho ukuthi amapayipi asevele aqala ukuvala.
Ukwakheka kwama-sediments kunganciphisa ukwehlisa i- "zhibolka" (amafutha afanele) afakwe endaweni yokugeza. Okukhulu ("volley") ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, okungcono kokuzihlanza kwamapayipi nokuphikisana nalokho. Isitsha sendlu yangasese enhle engeniswa ethangi eline-plum elisezingeni elincane, vele, lisindisa amanzi (okwenziwe ngalo), kepha akunamthelela ekuzihlanzeni kwamapayipi ezinhlelo zethu zokuthuthwa kwendle.
Hhayi-ke, uma ukhulisa ukukhetha kwamapayipi? Ukugeleza kuzogeleza, kunjalo, ngokushesha, kepha ubukhulu bengqimba ewuketshezi buzoba buncane, futhi ngevolumu elincane lezitoko. Izinto ezinkulu zizowela ezansi. Kwenzeka okufanayo nokwanda okungenangqondo kobubanzi bepayipi elinomthamo ojwayelekile wamanzi amdaka. Ungaba kanjani uma isimo sokuzihlanza kwamapayipi asibulawa (lokhu kuhlolwe ukubala) ekukhishweni okuvela endlini? Lapha unganikela ngemiphumela emithathu. Owokuqala, okulula, kepha ngasikhathi sinye okungekho emthethweni - kaningi ukudonsa amanzi amaningi ezinsimbi. Okwesibili ukwenza ukukhetha kwe-bias ngokunqumela, ngokususelwa ebangeni le-2-10% (okufushane okuphumayo kukhulu kune-bias). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusungula "ukuhlanza" ekukhishweni nasekuhlanzeni ngezikhathi ezithile ngezindlela zemishini, okuyinto enzima kakhulu.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukuhlanza amapayipi we- "Chemistry", isibonelo, ithuluzi "imvukuzane", njll. Ithembekile ngokwengeziwe, kepha futhi indlela ebiza kakhulu ukufaka isisekelo sokuvuselelwa kokwakheka kwethangi kanye nesikhathi sayo sokukhipha ipompo ye-fecal, ngokwesibonelo, i-ErcIft, njll. Qaphela ukuthi ukupompa okuphoqelekile kwe-drain, njengenye indlela eya ekwabelweni kwamandla adonsela phansi, konke kubanzi. Isibonelo, ngelungiselelo lama-cottage amakhulu lapho, ngesicelo somnikazi, amadivaysi amapayipi atholakala ekwakheni ukunqwacwana, noma ngokulungiswa kabusha kwamafulethi edolobha lakudala.
Iphunga kusuka ekukhuculweni kwendle
Izizathu eziphambili zokungena kwamagesi kusuka endle egumbini lokukhucululwa kwendle kungamathathu: ukukhuluphala ezindaweni zokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi yepayipi, kuphazamise i-hydraulic shutter yanoma iyiphi ithuluzi.Izinkinga ezimbili zokuqala zilula kakhulu ukuqeda ukulungiswa okuncane: qinisa amantongomane, uthele i-sealant, ushintshe uphawu. Ukuqedwa kokuqhekeka kwe-shutter kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kudinga inhlolovo ephelele yohlelo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinguquko zayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-drains, athululela ekususweni kwesikhumulo, awele ingxenye yesigaba salo sesiphambano bese, ebala umoya, athwale umoya ("ekhishwe" umoya). Uma kunevolumu yomoya eyanele phezulu esikebheni, khona-ke ukuntuleka komoya uketshezi lwamanzi akhona futhi ingcindezi izolingana nomkhathi. Ebuphikweni, kuzoba ne-vacuum. Uma kukhulu, amanzi avela ku-hydraulic shutter azodonswa ekususweni, bese indlela eya emafutheni aye egumbini livulekile. Kulokhu, bathi "ukuphazamiseka okushubile kwenzeka." Uma kukhula umthamo wamanzi ongcolile okhuphuke kanye nobubanzi bokuphuma, eduze kwe-angle engu-90 yokunamathisela ukususwa kwesikhumulo kanye nokuphakama kwengozi enjalo. Kunezinto eziphakeme ezingama-50, 60 no-70mm eziphakeme. Lapho uthenga amapayipi angenisiwe ebekwe ngama-siphons, kufanele unake ukuphakama kwe-shutter.
Inkinga yokwephula ama-shutter ithinta ukwakheka kwesikhulisi, nasekwakhiweni kwe-hood. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukuthi ungahlela kanjani ukukhipha i-riser yangasese etholakala elungiselelweni elilodwa lesitezi se-cottage? Maqondana namafasitela esitezi sesi-2? Kuyavela, kwesinye isikhathi i-riser ingenziwa ingenamimoya, i.e. Musa ukuyikhipha ngenhla kophahla lwesakhiwo. I-Riser ezingeni lamadivayisi angenhla inamandla ngokuhlanza, futhi ukulethwa kuyo kwenziwa ngamapayipi e-raimeter ekhuphukayo. Amathuba okusebenzisa umklamo onjalo kufanele ahlolwe ngokubalwa. Le mizamo eyengeziwe ikhokhwe ngokuphelele ezindlekweni zohlelo kanye nokuthi kungenzeka izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlela.
Uma kunezimpikiswano eziningana endlini, ngokwesibonelo, uma izindlu zangasese zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zendlu noma inani elikhulu lamadivayisi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, bese kuba khona izibhamu e-attic zingahlanganiswa nepayipi elilodwa futhi zenze ukuqeda amandla .
Othandweni, okungenani isivuphu esisodwa endlini kufanele siphonswe umoya.
Ukukhishwa akusondele kune-4M kusuka kumafasitela nama-balconies futhi ususe u-0.3-0.4 m ngaphezu kophahla. Ipayipi eliphakeme ebusika livalwa ngokushesha ngeqhwa ngenxa yokubuyiselwa komswakama kusuka kumagesi wendle. I-ETEA isho ukufakwa kwezivalo. I-deflector kwi-hood ingcono ukungafaki - inikela ekuhambeni kwakhe.
Kuko konke okungenhla, kulandela ukuthi inkinga yokukhetha indle injengeqhawe elihle: nomaphi lapho uya khona - yonke indawo lapho ulahlekelwa okuthile. Kungenzeka ukumshaya ngobuhlakani ngochwepheshe kuphela. Vele, ungashintsha ngokuzimela ngamanye amapayipi noma ufake idivaysi entsha endlini. Kepha ukuthuthukiswa okungathi sína kwalo lonke uhlelo, futhi ngokwengeziwe ukuthuthukiswa nokufakwa kwalo endlini entsha, yize kubonakala sengathi kulula, namanje iningi lochwepheshe abafanelekayo.
Incomo yomnini khaya
Uma amathuluzi esitezi esiphezulu ahlala ephula ama-shutter, cishe aqothulwe noma aqede okukhishwe. Uma ikhefu livela ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka kumadivayisi phansi ezahlukene, khona-ke ububanzi be-riser bukhethwe ngokungalungile.
Uma esitezi esingezansi kukhona ukuphuma kwamanzi kusuka ku-shutter esitsheni sedivayisi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhishwa kuvaliwe.
Ngokuhamba komndeni isikhathi eside, ungakhohlwa ukuthulula isipuni se-oyela yemifino (umshini) ungene kuma-siplons wezenziso. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuhanjiswa ngokweqile kwamanzi nokungena endlini yamagesi.
Uma ekuvuthweni ebusika kufanele kucishwe, udinga ukudonsa amanzi emathangini ezitsheni zasendlini yangasese bese uyikhipha ezivalo.
Ukukhucululwa kwendle kusuka kumapayipi epulasitiki
Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi epulasitiki okufaka indle yangaphakathi ngaphandle kweza izandla ezivuselelwayo kubakhi bezakhiwo nabaqambi. Kwaba khona ukwenza inethiwekhi yamapayipi uphawu ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke kwaba ngesibindi ukucasha ngaphansi kokuqothuka kwezindonga nezitezi futhi kuxazulule imisebenzi yobuciko ngaphandle kokubheka amashubhu wokuphazamisa. Ukukhucululwa kwendle kusuka kumapayipi epulasitiki kungenzeka mancane amathuba okuthi uvale, akuyona imikhuba emibi yokuzulazula nokuhamba. Isikhathi sokufaka sohlelo sincishiswa izikhathi ezi-2-3, kanti izindleko zingu-10-20%. Impilo yenkonzo yandisa cishe iminyaka engama-30.Ngokukhuphuka kwendle, amapayipi ancishisiwe (aze afike ku-3,5 mm) asetshenziswa kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zepulasitiki: i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polypropylene (PP). Amapayipi e-PVC asetshenziswa ngempumelelo amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, ngoba Zishibhile. Kepha ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwamakhemikhali endlu, ukugeza kanye nokugeza izitsha ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu okwenza amanzi wabaphoqa ukuba bathathe indawo yabo abavela ezintweni eziningi ze-thermo- nangezinto ezimelana namakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke umkhuba ufaka i-polyethylene ne-polypropylene. Emakethe yaseRussia, imikhiqizo yabo yokukhucululwa kwendle bangaphakathi manje inikezwa cishe i-20 Firm.
Ithebula libonisa amanani alinganisiwe amapayipi, amanani e-fasonin ahluka kakhulu: kumapayipi enkampani eyodwa ashibhile, kanti amanye amapayipi ashibhile abiza kakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, elinye, elinye indlela.
Ububanzi bezingxenye ezibunjiwe ezivela kumafemu ahlukene amabanga kusuka kumagama ayi-5 wangaphambi kwama-30 futhi kusuka kusayizi wegama ngalinye (izimpawu ezingapheli). Ukuqashwa okuphelele kakhulu futhi okusheshayo kwezinhlelo kuhlinzeka: Phakathi kwama-Firms aphesheya - URehau (Germany), uNininen (Finland), amapayipi e-PVC), i-CJSC "Teplipport" kanye ne-NGO "Stroypolimer" (Amapayipi we-IPP). Uma kwenzeka, amapayipi epulasitiki angena ngomsindo nge-mineral filler (Rehau kanye ne-poloplast) avele emakethe, lapho kufakwa izinga lomsindo cishe cishe ezikhathini ezi-2, kepha izindleko zazo zicishe ziphindwe kabili.
Ukuhlanganisa amapayipi, njengomthetho, amapayipi kanye nokufakelwa kusetshenziswa nge-fuler kanye nendandatho yokubopha yerabha ephezulu, okufanele iqinisekise ukuqina kokuxhumana namashumi eminyaka. Amapayipi avela ku-PVC, i-gluing kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa, futhi amapayipi e-PP angaxhunywa kusetshenziswa i-welding ye-fuse-glass.
Ukufakwa kwezinhlelo
Ukufakwa kuqala ngemuva kokwakha isakhiwo sesakhiwo, i.e. Lapho zonke izimbobo ezidingekayo, izicathulo, ama-niche ezindongeni nasezindongeni zenziwa, kukhona amamaki aphansi ahlanzekile, izindonga ezibunjiwe ezindonga ezizodlula zivulekile, ziqeda wonke umsebenzi ohlobene nokusetshenziswa okuvulekile umlilo. Ukufakwa kohlelo kuqala ekukhishweni, bese uqoqa i-riser kusuka phansi phezulu-ke, esukela ekunqamukeni kokuphamba, ukuhlanganisa ampompi phansi. Iziqalekiso zezakhi ziqondiswa ukugeleza okugelezayo. Bheka kahle imithambeka.
Ukunwetshwa okukhulu okushisayo kwama-plastikhi amabutho okunakekela ukuthi amapayipi awagodli ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhlangana amakhompiyutha e-fuse-roll ngophawu lwenjoloba phakathi kokuphela kokuphela okubushelelezi kwepayipi kanye nesisekelo se-roller egqoke igebe le-10mm. Iyakwazi ukunxephezela ukwandiswa okushisayo kobude bepayipi kuze kufike ku-2m.
I-Rubber Ring ikuvumela ukuthi unxephezele ukungaboni ngaso linye kwezimbazo zezingxenye ezixhunyiwe. Kepha ukuguquguquka okungalingani kakhulu kwezindandatho zokubopha zendandatho kuholela kwi-glue of uxhumano. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufaka amapayipi afihliwe, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesikrini, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-curvature ye-eksisi kwizakhi zodonga lwepayipi kumitha ngayinye yepayipi. Amafemu amaningi ngisho namazinyo enziwa nge-angle ka-Angle hhayi 90, kodwa 87.5 ukuze ipayipi lihambisane nokubandlulula, wangena emabuthweni, ngaphandle kokuphonsa indandatho. Ukuze ungalimazi indandatho lapho ufaka, ekugcineni okubushelelezi kwepayipi kwenza uChammfer futhi akushaye nge-silicone lubricant
Usekela kumapayipi avulekile abeka kaningi, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvundlile - ngemuva kwe-0.4 m ngamapayipi anobubanzi obungu-50mm, futhi mpo, ngokuvamile, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqedwa. Phakathi kwama-metal clamps of the supports kanye nepayipi, kuyadingeka ukubeka ama-ruble noma ama-gaskets epulasitiki.
Ezindaweni zokudlula ezakhiweni zokwakha, amapayipi asongelwe ngezendlalelo ezingama-2-3 ze-pergamine noma ephahleni kanye nomgodi osondele kuso usimende ukuze ujule ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa lonke uhlelo, ihlolwe ukuqina. Lapho uvivinya ingcindezi ye-Up1atm imizuzu eyi-10, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi akuvunyelwe. Ukufakwa kwezingxenye ezihlanganayo zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okubandayo nokushisayo kumadivayisi wamapayipi kuvame ukukhiqizwa kanye nokufakwa kwendle.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuhlolwe kahle kwawo wonke amapayipi, izicathulo, izimbobo, ama-niches avale, enza izibopho nokulungiselela umsebenzi wokuqeda. Amadivaysi amapayipi avame ukufakwa ngemuva kokuqeda. Kepha lokhu kuyingxoxo ekhethekile.
Amanye amapharamitha amapayipi epulasitiki wokukhucululwa kwendle kwangaphakathi
| Impahla yamapayipi, brand | Uhla lokushisa olusebenzayo, nge | Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali Kuphakathi | Punch amandla ku-20c | Ububanzi obungaphandle, mm | Intengo yepayipi, $ * | Umenzi | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kwa- | sh | Um | G. | ||||||
| I-Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC (PVC) | kusuka -10do +50 | +. | +. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32, 40, 50, 63, 110, 160 | kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-5.3. | Ipulasitiki JSC, Agrigaz-Polymer, LLC, NLC (France), i-ANTOR (Finland), i-wavin (iDenmark), e-Egeplast (Czech Republic), nabanye. |
| I-Polyethylene ephezulu, PVP (PE) | kusuka -30o +60 | +. | +. | 0 | - | +. | 50, 90, 110 | kusuka ku-5.6 kuye ku-6.4 | I-Roshrub-Plast LLP, AGU (Austria) |
| I-Polypropylene, PP (PP) | kusuka ku-0 kuye ku- +90. | +. | +. | +. | 0 | - | 32, 40, 50, 75, 110, 125, 160 | kusuka ku-4.4 kuye ku-7.7 | I-CJSC "SOTAH- Ngenisa i- ", NGO" isakhiwo I-Polymer, iRehau (Germany), i-Wavin (Denmark), i-Plast-MEC (Italy), njll. |
Qaphela: kwa- - Ama-acid, sh - Alkali, Um - Solvents, G. - Izincwadi;
* - Ukuze umbhobho onobubanzi obungu-110mm nobude be-1m, enompheme;
"+. " - KULUNGILE, " 0 "- Ukwanelisa," - "- kabi.
Abahleli bazwakalisa ukwazisa kwe-DEMEN LLP yokusiza inhlangano yezithombe kanye nenhloko yeTompripoler MGO Tehotel, u-Alexander Yakovlevich DobromySlov yokubonisana.