Silandisa ngezinzuzo nokubi kwamaphaneli wesitimela kanye nezici zokwakha.
Uma imakethe yezindlu zakudala ezindlini nezakhiwo ezivela kumaphaneli akhanyayo e-Russia zithuthukiswa futhi isiphakamiso asikaze sibe ngaphezulu kwesidingo, izakhiwo zingamaphaneli afudumele kakhulu anikela ngamafemu ambalwa.
Izinzuzo zamaphaneli kakhonkolo aqinisiwe
Sonke sijwayelene kahle nezindlu zephaneli enezitezi eziningi, ngakho-ke siyazi ngezinzuzo zalolu hlelo lwadonga, phakathi kwazo zonke kufanele zibizwe amandla aphezulu, ukuqina kanye nezimpawu zobunjiniyela zokushisa ezinhle kakhulu. Izindonga ezenziwe ngamaphaneli kakhonkolo ahlanganisiwe avimba ngokuphelele indlela yomsindo wangaphandle (umsindo ungene efulethini ikakhulukazi ngeWindows), awesabi umswakama, awudingi ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlanzeni okuthe xaxa - ngokushesha ngemuva kokwakha izindonga nophahla kungenziwa uhlelo lokushisa bese uqala ukuqeda umsebenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uthango luyakhiwa endabeni yezinsuku - lapho ukubekwa kwezitini noma amabhlogo kungathatha okungenani inyanga.
Izici Zokukhiqiza Kwazo
Izindleko ze-1 m2 ye-Panel Cottage ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemishini yobunjiniyela nokuqeda okuvela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20., Okuqhathaniswa nentengo yokwakhiwa kwamabhulokhi athulile egesi.
Izinto ezingokwezindonga zangaphandle zendlu zingaba ngendabuko yokwakha okuphezulu kwamaphaneli kakhonkolo amathathu aqinisiwe ngokufakwa okusebenzayo okwenziwe ngokusho kwe-gost 3110-2015.
Izendlalelo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zephaneli enjalo zenziwa kusuka kukhonkolo osindayo nge-granite filler kanye ne-screen ukuqiniswa kwe-A500. Izendlalelo ze-Outer nezangaphakathi ze-W / W zixhumeke komunye nomunye ngamabhondi we-diagonal wensimbi engenasici noma ukhonkolo oqinisiwe.
Ukulethwa kwamaphaneli kwenziwa ngezinto ezikhethekile zokuhamba (i-pawnelosomes), kanye nokulayisha - i-crane enamandla ye-crane, edinga ukwakhiwa, mahhala ukwakhiwa nezitshalo ezisekelweni ezikude.
Ukukhethwa kweCarne Crane kuncike ebuningisi bamaphaneli odonga kanye nebanga okudingeka kuhanjiswe ngalo. Njengomthetho, inqubo yokufaka yephaneli eyodwa ithatha imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwe-20, futhi ukufakwa kwesakhiwo esikhulu sokuvalwa kwesitezi sokuqala kukodwa noma izinsuku ezimbili
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwahlukaniswa kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi nakho kwakhiwa ngezindonga zangaphandle.
Izilonda zesikhashana eziguqukayo zinamathiselwe ngokuphephile kwisisekelo namaphaneli anama-anchors
Izici zokwakha ezivela kuma-slabs aqinisiwe ekhonkolo
Vele, indlu yephaneli idinga isisekelo esithembekile, uhlobo olukhethwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwendawo yendawo. Imvamisa ivame ukuyeka ethepheni ye-monolithic (ejulile phansi) noma isisekelo se-slab.Ngokuqondene nokukhethwa kwezixazululo zezakhiwo, kunemikhawulo emincane enzima lapha: ngeke kwenzeke ukwakha ngaphandle kwezindonga zeRadius, i-polyhedra eyinkimbinkimbi, ama-turredra. Kodwa-ke, ukunciphisa izindleko nokusheshisa kokwakha, kufiseleka kakhulu ukwenza lula ukumiswa kwendlu, ukulahla ama-erkers, amagumbi angaqondile, amakholoni (yize kulula ukuhlela i-loggia. Kodwa-ke, izindonga zephaneli zivunyelwe ukuhlanganisa ama-masonry - bese uyakwazi ukukhokhela noma yimuphi osayizi bezakhiwo.
Ngawodwana nangokweserial
Ukucaciswa kweqoqo le-Collection-Panel Construction ukuthi imibhalo ye-Design ifaka imidwebo yephaneli ngayinye, kanye nezinhlelo zomhlangano zomhlangano.
Abaklami bezindlu zephaneli bambalwa kakhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi bazibandakanye ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokuhlala nezihlala ezindaweni eziningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunomthelela omuhle kwikhwalithi yomsebenzi kanye nokuhambisana nezinkambiso zokwakha. Kokunye - iphrojekthi kanye nokwenziwa kwamaphaneli ngokuya ngemidwebo yomuntu ngamunye iyabiza. Kungenzeka ukwehlisa izindleko ze-1 M2 PANEL HIGHT HISTING HIDING OKUFANELEKILE EKUGCINENI, kepha azikho izimo zezomnotho zayo.
Ukuqoqana
Njengomthetho, amaphaneli abeka ngokushesha isikhundla sokuklama esisekelweni ngaphezulu kwesendlalelo sesixazululo futhi ahleliwe kusetshenziswa izisekeli zesikhashana (ama-pods). Wonke amaphaneli odonga esitezi esisodwa afakwa ezinsukwini eyodwa noma ezimbili.
Kulokhu, ngendlu yephaneli eyakhiwe ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kepha ithembekile kakhulu i-slab Foundation (ubukhulu bepuleti 400 mm)
Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukufakwa kwamaphaneli esitofini esiqoshiwe sensimbi
futhi wenza uphawu lomthungo lombhede. Ngemuva kwalokho waqala ukufaka amaphaneli endaweni yephrojekthi
Ngokuxhumeka kwezinto zodonga, izihibe zekhebula zensimbi zinikezwa ngesinyathelo sika-400-500 mm mpo. Bafaka ukufakwa okuthe mpo. Umthungo phakathi kwamaphaneli kangaka kancane. Okokuqala, baqoqa amafomu bese begcwalisa izindawo zokuhlamba phansi (i-contour of the wangaphakathi ebekwe ungqimba wamaphaneli) ngokhonkolo osindayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa iqembu elilodwa leqembu le-monolithic. Ngemuva kokhonkolo, izixhasi zesikhashana ziyasuswa bese ziqala ukuhlangana namaphaneli esitezi esilandelayo.
Ukufakwa kwamaphaneli kudinga ukubandakanyeka kwamasu anamandla (amaloli e-crane ngokusebenza kokusebenza kuze kube ngamathani ayi-120) kanye nama-brigade abasebenzi abanolwazi abavela kubantu abane
Ukubekwa uphawu kokugcina kwama-seams kwenziwa ngemuva kokuhlanganisa ibhokisi ekhaya. Kulesi sigaba, izikhala emcabangweni wokufakelwa yimichilo yamaminerali noma i-polyurethane Foam ukubopha uphawu. Ekuphetheni, imishini ehlelwe ngokhonkolo engaqinisiwe iyakhulisa - lapha basebenzisa i-harness kusuka ku-polyethylene ne-sealant ye-interpanel seams, (emakoneni) ukuhlobisa tile.
Lapho ubopha uphawu, amafomu asethelwa okokuqala futhi agcwaliswe izikhala zikakhonkolo ezinzima phakathi kwezendlalelo zangaphakathi zephaneli
Isitezi esilandelayo simbozwe ngamapuleti agqagqana futhi ukhonkolo zonke izindawo zokumisa phansi, kufaka phakathi izikhala phakathi kwamapuleti (15, 16).
Kwakhiwa umklamo weqembu elilodwa le-monolithic phansi. Ngemuva kokufaka ukhonkolo, ungadubula izixhasi zesikhashana bese uqala ukwakha phansi okulandelayo.
Ngokwakhiwa okuphansi, ububanzi be-intertanel seams bungaphansi kakhulu kunobuso obuphakeme futhi bungama-20-25 mm.
Akukho okuvimbela izimbotshana ezinkulu ze-panoramic glazing. IWindows Neminyango ifakwe endizeni yokufakelwa ukuvikela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-frowsing
Ukwahlukanisa
Isendlalelo esijwayelekile siqukethe i-heater - amapuleti e-Polystyrere Foam (EPPS) noma ngoboya obukhulu obunamanzi aphezulu ngama-grooves abheke mpo nasevundlile anikeza umoya omncane. Ubukhulu bokufakwa kunqunywa ukubalwa kobunjiniyela bokushisa futhi kungafinyelela ku-400 mm.Ekucushweni okuyisisekelo, ukufakwa okukhulu okuwu-200 mm kuvame ukuhlinzekwa. Ngisho nokusetshenziswa koboya bezimbiwa, okunokuphamba okuthe xaxa okuthe xaxa kune-EPPS, i-coeffess eshintshiwe yokushisa yodonga icishe ibe ngu-4.9 m² • ˚с / W. Lesi yisinye futhi sisehhafu kaningi kunalokho esikudinga i-SP 50.13330.2012 "Ukuvikelwa Kwezakhiwo" zezakhiwo zokuhlala ezindlini zeMoscow.
Ngenhla
I-Panel House ihlele ngaphezulu kwe-Overlaps eyakhiwe kabusha ye-PB ne-PC Staves. Idizayini enjalo inekhono elihle lokuthwala (umthwalo ohanjiswa kabusha uvunyelwe ku-800 kg / m2) futhi uhlukanisa umsindo womoya ngokuphelele.
Ngosizo lwepuleti elinobukhulu obungama-220 mm, kungenzeka ukuthi aqede i-spin efinyelela ku-7 m, ukushuba kuka-265 mm - kuze kube ngu-10 m. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bophahla luyi-1,2 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho , amapuleti atholakala ububanzi abangama-290, 470, 650, 830, 1010 mm.
Gijimani izitebhisi zivame ukuboniswa kusetshenziswa izitofu ezijwayelekile ze-PB kanye nama-PC ezahlukene ezisuselwa ezindongeni ezithwala kanye nabakaki abakhethekile bensimbi
Azikho izinkinga ngedivayisi ye-Window Presing yokukhanyisa izitebhisi (ekuqaleni kweMashi) - Kwenziwa kanyekanye kumaphaneli ezitezi zokuqala nezesibili.
Ukunemba kokubekwa kwezinto zesakhiwo kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi ububanzi bomthungo angeqi okungama-25 mm
I-balcony noma amanye amapuleti ngokusekelwa kwe-console kungaba ngokutholwa (ngokwesibonelo, ku-Central noma i-chimney yohlobo oluningi) lwenziwe ngaphandle kwama-void, aqiniswe yi-loop, ngokuqiniswa kwe-loop. Idivaysi yezitebhisi ifaka amakholomu okusekela noma insimbi noma ukuqiniswa kwamakhonkolo ekhonkolo.
Uphahla olufulethi lumbozwe ngezinto ezigoqiwe ngesisekelo se-bitumen noma i-polymer ngesisekelo sentuthu kanye namapayimitha okuvuselela, kanye ne-parapesethi ekhonkolo ephansi ekuvumela ukuthi uhlele kahle umsele
Facade ukuqeda
Izindonga zephaneli zingahlukaniswa ngaphandle ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Uma ukuqedwa kwefektri kungekho, kulula kakhulu ukumboza ngodaka lokuhlobisa noma ukuthola ingaphezulu ngongqimba lodaka ngo-10-20 mm, bese upenda upende we-facade (ngokomthetho, uma wenza ungalweli kahle, ungapenda izindonga ngaphandle kokubanjwa). Akukho okuvimbela futhi kufake i-facade hinged nge-trim, ngokwesibonelo, amaphaneli e-fibrotent noma udaka ngokhuni. Kuliqiniso, inqubo yokubeka uhlaka (amahloni) izodla isikhathi esithe xaxa kunasesimweni sokhuni, uzimele noma izindonga ze-foam block.
Imvamisa, ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zangaphandle zamaphaneli akha efekthri ngaphansi kwamatshe noma izitini futhi kukhona futhi ngopende womkhathi wombala ohambelana nombala.
Enye indlela yokuqeda ngokushesha ukubekwa kokuhlanganiswa. Umnyombo wayo ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza, kufakwa ukwakheka okukhethekile kuphaneli, evimbela ungqimba olungenhla lukakhonkolo ngokujula kwe-3-5 mm. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwephaneli, ungqimba olungathandeki wahlanzwa ngokucindezela kwamanzi, isakhiwo samatshe aphumela esivela ezimfanelo zokuhlobisa siyadalulwa. Ngezakhiwo ngesitayela sezimboni esinesihluku, unga-oda amaphaneli ngokuhlekisa okuhlobisa okusetshenziselwa ukuxubha okukhethekile kuze kube sekupheleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
Ekugcineni, kukhiqizwa amaphaneli aqediwe abheke kusuka ku-clinker noma amatshe amatshe. Ngemuva kokufaka, kusaqhubeka nokuvala impahla efanayo yezindawo ezinqenqemeni zamaphaneli kanye nemithungo.
Uphahla lwezinkampani luyakhiwa ngendlela yendabuko. Ingxenye yayo yenethiwekhi yayo iqukethe ama-mauerlat kanye nama-rafters we-maueerlat, khona-ke e-attic elibandayo elilandela i-purom nophahla. Uphahla lwe-attic, ngaphezu kwalokho, faka uboya bezimbiwabane phakathi kwama-rafter noma amagwebu ngaphezulu kwama-rafyles
Izinzuzo nokubi kwephaneli yokwakhiwa kwephaneli
okutholuzayo
- Ijubane lokwakha eliphakeme. Ukufakwa kwendlu yendlu kwenziwa ngenhla kwesonto. Amaphaneli angahlinzekwa ngokuqedwa kwangaphandle noma ifreyimu yokuqinisa kwawo.
- Ukuqina nokushisa okuhle kakhulu nezindawo zokuzwakalayo zezindonga.
- Ukushisa okuthe xaxa kwekhono lokuqongelela izindonga (ngemuva kokuqhuba umoya emakamelweni ngokushesha kushisa ngokushesha).
- Amandla aphezulu, ukuphepha komlilo nokuqina kwemiklamo esemqoka yendlu.
- Amathuba okubekwa kwezokuxhumana, ukufakwa lula kokufakwa kwamawindows kanye neminyango, umhlobiso ongaphakathi - umnyombo wezinqubo kuyafana nasendlini yasemadolobheni.
Amaminiya
- Amaphaneli awahloselwe ukudala amafomu abumbana wokwakha (siphawula ukuthi ukwenqatshwa kokuhlaselwa okungasebenzi kanye nobucwebe be-facade kungenye yezindlela eziphambili zokwakha zase-Europe).
- Isisindo esikhulu sodonga, ngenxa yalokho kungenzeki ukusebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zezisekelo (ngokwesibonelo, nge-pile ekhanyayo).
- Imigwaqo emihle yokungena iyadingeka neloli lamahhala le-crane yamaloli.
Ubuchwepheshe bephaneli buhlanganiswa ngokuphelele nokugeleza kwezembatho zezezimali ezinjengobuntu. Yonke imiklamo yokwakha inesitoko esibalulekile somthamo wokuphatha, futhi kulula ukuhlela ifulethi (kufaka phakathi ophahleni olusebenzayo kusuka kuma-slabs ekhonkolo aqinisiwe
