Ukusuka kwisisekelo kuya ekufakweni kwezindonga: Ukwakhiwa kwendlu ye-Ceramzitoblocks

Silandisa ngobuciko be-ceramzitobetone, nokuthi umsebenzi wokwakha kufanele wenziwe kanjani lapho ulisebenzisa.

Ukwakhiwa kwendlu ye-ceramzitoblocks

Mayelana nento ebonakalayo

Ukubalwa kwenani

Imisebenzi yokwakha

• Isisusa
• Izindonga, amawindi nezicabha
• UPawulu nophahla
• Uphahla
• Ukufudumeza nokuvutha amanzi
• Ukushisa nomoya omncane

UCaramzitobeton wasatshalaliswa ngasekupheleni kwama-90s. Sekuphenduke enye indlela enhle yezitini nezinkuni, ayinazo izici ezinhle kakhulu kanye nezimfanelo zokuhlobisa. Izinzuzo zayo zisematheni aphansi futhi zilula ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinhlaka kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Imikhiqizo kakhonkolo ye-Ceramzit ayidingi ukuthi ithengwe phesheya noma ukhokhe uku-oda. Bahlala bethengiswa njalo, ngakho-ke ukwakha indlu yakho e-ceramzitoblocks akudingeki ukuthi basebenzise isikhathi esiningi besesha nokuhambisa.

Mayelana nento ebonakalayo

Izakhi eziphambili zikhonkolo ne-ceramzite, ezingabacwaningi zobumba olushisiwe. Lezi zingcezu zine-porisio ephakeme, ezibavumela ukuthi zisetshenziselwe ukufakwa kwezindonga kanye nokugqagqana. Ngefomu le-Bulk, sebefake isicelo isikhathi eside futhi bafakazele kahle amashumishumi eminyaka.

Ubukhulu bemifino buyisilinganiso esingu-5-10 mm. Ingxube ilungiselelwe kusuka kuso usimende, nesihlabathi kanye ne-porous filler ngezilinganiso ezi-1: 2: 3. Isixazululo sesimende-sandy kufanele sibe nohlobo olungaphansi kunoM300. Ngenani elikhulu lokuphelelwa yithemba, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufezekisa amandla aphezulu adingekayo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi, iba kufanelekile ekwakhiweni kwamakamelo amakhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezindlu zensimu zendaba eyodwa, izinhlaka zezomnotho ezingabekwa kwisabelomali esikhulu.

Ukubukisisa

Imikhiqizo ihlukile ngenhloso futhi imakwe kanjena:

• C - Izindonga;
• Ug - ekhoneni;
• P - okujwayelekile;
• L - ubuso;
• P - ukwahlukanisa;
• Amabhulokhi ahlangene.

Ubuso kufanele bubukeke obuhle ku-facade. Zikhiqizwa ngendawo ebushelelezi noma ebushelelezi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuqedwa kokuhlobisa kunezinhlangothi ezimbili, kepha ezimbili. Kulesi sigaba, usimende onemibala uvame ukusetshenziswa. Amakhona angabushelelezi noma ayindilinga. Ukuze athuthukise ukubamba kwezindonga, akhiqizwa ngemifino endeitudinal noma ashiye ukugcwala kwezenzo zokwakha isisombululo se-masonry.

Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezivela e-Ceramzitoblocks, izinhlobo ezivela ku-M5 kuye ku-M500 zingabandakanyeka. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kusukela ku-F15 kuya ku-F500. Le nkomba isho inani elivumelekile lokuqandeka nokuncipha.

Amasayizi akhonjisiwe etafuleni:

Okuhlosiwe	Ubude	Ububanzi	Ubude
Udonga	288.	288.	138.
	288.	138.	138.
	390.	190.	188.
	290.	190.	188.
	288.	190.	188.
	190.	190.	188.
	90.	190.	188.
Ukwahlukanisa	590.	90.	188.
	390.	90.	138.
	190.	90.	138.

Ukuphambuka kusukela ku-3 kuye ku-4 mm. Kuvunyelwe ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yosayizi abangafani nohlobo loku-oda.

Njenganoma iyiphi impahla, i-Ceramzitobeton inezinzuzo nokubi. Zibheke ngemininingwane eminingi.

Isithunzi

• Izakhiwo ezinhle zifaka phakathi ukuvumelanisa okuphansi okushisayo. Igesi ifudumeza futhi ipholile kancane kunomzimba oqinile. Ama-pores amoya abopha amakhaza, angavumeli ukungena ngaphakathi kwekamelo. Ngenxa yalesi sici, umkhiqizo ungasetshenziswa hhayi nje njengezakhi zesakhiwo kuphela, kodwa futhi njengomfakisi wokufaka okushisayo.
• Amabhulokhi we-Porous enza izakhiwo zokwakha zilula. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukusebenzisa isisekelo se-pile lapho kuvame ukudingeka khona iribhoni. Lokhu konga isikhathi nesabelomali, njengoba kunyamalala isidingo sokwenza umcamelo kakhonkolo ozungeze umngcele wesakhiwo kanye nezindonga zawo zokuthwala.
• Ukufakwa okuhle komsindo akunikelwe ezakhiweni zethrali kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwahlukaniswa kwangaphakathi.
• Intengo ephansi, ukutholakala kanye nobubanzi besayizi nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zenza noma iyiphi iphrojekthi ngezindleko ezincane.
• Izici zamandla zikuvumela ukuthi wakhe amabhilidi anokuphakama okufika ezitezi ezimbili ezisebenzisa phansi kokhonkolo oqinisiwe. Ngokungafani namanye ama-analogues alo, ukhonkolo we-ceramzite awunikezi imifantu ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
• Imikhiqizo inendawo enolaka enikeza ukunamathela okuhle nodaka.
• Isisindo esincane senza sikwazi ukuchitha umsebenzi wakho ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.

Okubi

• Isakhiwo se-porous sinomthelela ekufakweni komswakama okuvela emvelweni, ngakho-ke ukuphela kuzodingeka zombili kusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
• Ngokwengeziwe, akudingekile ukufudumeza i-facade, uma ingxube enezikhombisi eziphezulu zokufakwa kwe-thermal zisetshenziswa njengesixazululo somiyane. Uma lesi yisixazululo esijwayelekile sokonga, ukufakwa kusazodinga.
• Ngokuphikisana nezinto zokwakha eziphansi zohlobo, amabhlokhi kufanele agcinwe endaweni eyomile. Kuyadingeka ukwakha i-canopy kubo futhi wenze floor floor uvikeleke ngokugcwala. Akunconyelwe ukwenza umsebenzi emvuleni - uma kungenjalo kufanele wome izindonga.
• Izimfanelo zokuhlobisa zishiya okuningi ukufiswa. Ngisho nama-Dye ekwakhekeni kuka usimende kanye nendawo ebekiwe ngeke ikwazi ukusindisa isimo. Izitini nomuthi zibukeka zikhange kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuxazulula inkinga ngosizo lokuqedela nokuhlanza, noma kunjalo, kodwa, ngeke kuholele ezindlekweni zezimali - ngoba isisekelo sizobiza kakhulu.

Njengoba sikholwe, izinzuzo zingaphezu kwamaphutha, okwenza kucace ukukhethwa kwabanini bezezakhiwo zezwe.

Ungabala kanjani izindleko zendlu kakhonkolo ka-Ceramzite

Izindleko eziphelele zenziwa ngenani elikhulu lezinto. Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlaka zenethiwekhi kungomunye wabo. Ukucacisa, thatha amanani aphakathi. Ake sithi sizosebenzisa izandla zethu ngaphandle kosizo lweBrigade yokwakha. Ake sithi sidinga ukwakha indlu encane enezitezi eyodwa nendawo eyi-10 x 10 m ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi. Ukuphakama kusuka phansi kuya ophahleni sizoyithatha ilingana no-3 m.

Indawo ephelele yezindonga ezine kuleli cala izoba ngu-3 x (10 + 10 + 10 + 10) = 120 m2.

Okwe-masonry, sizosebenzisa imikhiqizo ngobukhulu be-0.4 x 0.2 x 0.2 m. Sibheka indawo yangaphandle: 0.4 x 0.08 m2. Ama-akhawuntini elilodwa lemitha yesikwele le-1 / 0.08 = 12,5 PCS. Ngakho-ke, ngobukhulu obusezingeni elilodwa sizodinga ama-PC angama-120 x 12,5. = 1500 PCS. Kulezi zibalo, asizange sicabangele umnyango nokuvuleka kwefasitela. Ngokusho kwezibalo, yilokhu ngqo inani elidinga ukugcwaliswa. Kungaba yimpi ngesikhathi sokuhamba kanye nokusakazwa okunganaki, umshado, ukunquma, njll.

Lapho uhlobo, usayizi nokusetshenziswa kwaziwa, kusasele ukuhlola okunikezwayo kusuka kubathengisi abahlukahlukene nabenzi. Uma ama-1 ama-PC. Kubiza ama-ruble angama-65, wonke umdlalo uzobiza ama-ruble angama-97,500. Kanye nokuhamba kwezimoto ne-masonry. Ungangeza ngokuphepha amanye ama-ruble angama-25,000.

Ngokuvamile, ama-Calculator angasetshenziselwa ukubala - izinhlelo ze-inthanethi zingatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zamasayithi ahlukahlukene.

Imisebenzi yokwakha

Qala ukulandela kuphrojekthi. Noma kungadingi ukuhlanganiswa, kuzodingeka ukubala izindleko, ukudweba uhlelo lokusebenza. Kuyadingeka ukucabanga ngakho yonke imisindo kusuka endaweni esenzweni kuya ezingxenyeni ezincane ezihambisana nokwakhiwa kwe-facade kanye nengaphakathi.

Isisekelo sendlu yamabhulokhi kakhonkolo we-ceramzite

Okuqukethwe kuhlukaniswa yi-porility ephezulu, ngakho-ke isakhiwo silula. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukusebenzisa isisekelo senqwaba, kepha ngenhlabathi eshukumisayo equkethe inani elikhulu lobumba, kungcono ukwenza isisekelo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe. Idizayini ye-monolithic izobiza kakhulu. Abaningi bakhetha isinqumo esinjalo, yize benokubuya okucacile. Ukuze isixazululo sibambe futhi sithole amamaki, kuzodingeka okungenani amasonto amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenhlabathi ehambayo ehambayo, isisekelo esinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi sinikeze ukuqhekeka. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yisiphi isixazululo sobuchwepheshe esizobe sisezingeni elifanele, kufanele ushayele uchwepheshe wenhlolovo yenhlabathi.

Isisekelo esisebenzisa i-FBS sinikeza ukuthembeka okukhulu kakhulu. IMISEBENZI IQALA NGOKUQINISO ukuthi ukuzungeza okuphelele kwezindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zesakhiwo zigijimisa umsele noma zibekwe. Emigodini ephakathi nendawo nezifunda ezisenyakatho nomswakama ophezulu, isisekelo kufanele sivikeleke emiphumeleni yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Inkinga ukuthi uketshezi emhlabathini luyanda lapho uguqulwa eqhweni. Kwenzeka ngokulinganayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela izinhlaka zokugoba, okuholela ekubukekeni kwemifantu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ungqimba lwamatshe oluchotshoziwe olunokuphakama kwe-10-15 cm luthululelwa emseleni noma kwezokungcebeleka, futhi phezulu kokuphakama okufanayo kwenelisekile esihlabathini.

Inani lamabhulokhi nosayizi wabo ojwayelekile banqunywa esigabeni sokuklama. Ukujula kokushumeka kuncike kwizici zenhlabathi. Enyakatho, lapho umhlaba uqhwa khona amamitha ambalwa, ungathathwa ulingana no-0.7-1 m. Emgqeni ophakathi, u-0.7-0.5 m wanele.

Imigqa iboshwe ngegumbi lokujika. Hambisa ukulandela ekhoneni. Ukugwema ukuhlanekezela, intambo yeluliwe ukusuka emaphethelweni kuya emaphethelweni esakhiwo. Into ngayinye ikhonjiswa ngezinga ukuze imiphetho yayo iphakeme. Ingxube yomkhiqizo we-M100 ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesixazululo se-masonry.

I-armophoya ifanelekile ngaphezulu, okuyi-monolithic eqinisiwe ekhonkolo ekhonkolo enokuphakama okungama-25 cm. Ifomu lelo lenziwe emabhodini. Izindonga zincanyana ziklebhula noma zibopha ngocingo ukuze zingaphuzi ngaphansi kwesisindo sekhambi.

Izindonga, amawindi nezicabha

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezivela emabhulokini kakhonkolo e-ceramzit kwenziwa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo nezitini. Azikho izici lapha.

Ama-masonry aqala ngamakhona, avumelanisa umugqa ngamunye ngentambo kanye nezinga. I-bandage yenziwa ngokufuduka kwengxenye yesithathu noma ingxenye yobude bento ngayinye. Yonke imigqa emine ibeka izinduku zokuqinisa noma igridi yokuthuthukisa ukwakheka nokuyinikeza ukuhamba. Amawindi afanayo neminyango iyaqina. Lapho ubala usayizi wazo, kulula kakhulu ukuqhubeka kusuka kubukhulu bemikhiqizo ejwayelekile. Ungabheka izinketho zosayizi wewindi ezilandelayo:

• Umbhede owodwa - 85 x 115 cm, 115 x 190 cm;
• Ababili bagoqa - 130 x 220 cm, 115 x 190 cm;
• I-stranded emithathu - 240 x 210 cm.

Kuyadingeka ukushiya igebe le-2-5 cm ukuze ikhuphuke imithungo. Ukuvuleka ngemuva kokufakwa kwamawindi nezicabha kumbozwe ngodaka olungavunyelwe khona, futhi ingxenye ye-waghthole ivaliwe ngensimbi engenasici ngesampula. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi udlale umugqa weSisekelo.

Ukuvuleka kososeceleni kwamapayipi okushisa okushisa nokuvuselela kuvame ukuba nesimo esiyindilinga. Banqunywe kangcono nomqhele wedayimane ekugcineni komsebenzi wokwakha.

Lapho izindonga sezilungile, i-armophoya yanelisekile ngenhla.

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UPawulu nophahla endlini yamabhulokhi kakhonkolo e-ceramzit

Yakha isakhiwo esivela ezintweni zokwakha i-porous ngokukhanya okulula kwemikhawulo emandleni. Ukubhuka kwayo kwanele ukuthwala izakhiwo ukumelana ne-slab ejwayelekile yokugqagqana okusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni okunezitolo eziningi. Imithwalo emincane yakha amaphaneli kakhonkolo ahlanganisiwe angewona aphansi ezicini zokusebenza. Bayakwazi ukubekezelela umthwalo kuze kufike ku-600 kg / m2. Ngosayizi omkhulu we-6 x 1.8 x 0.3 m, isisindo sabo ngokuvamile asidluli ku-750 kg. Izitezi ezinjalo zinobungane bemvelo futhi ngokungafani nomlilo wokhuni.

Ukufakwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-crane ephakamisayo. Uma kungenjalo, ngobukhulu obuncane, abantu ababili bazobhekana nomsebenzi. Amapuleti afakwe esisekelweni nasezindongeni. Kuyadingeka ukuwachaza okungenani ama-10 cm kusuka kubude bawo kusuka emaphethelweni ngakunye. Ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, iphaneli kufanele lichazwe ezinhlangothini ezimbili eziphambene. Lo mthetho usebenza noma ngabe zitholakala ngeKararay, lapho kunokwesekwa kwesithathu. Ukuvunyelwa nakho kufanele kube ngamasentimitha amaningana. Ngemuva kokufakwa, izindawo ezingenalutho zigcwele amafomu.

Ngokuxhuma amapuleti amaningi, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwephazili. Ubuningi obungeziwe bamalungu ahlinzeka nge-clamp e-prot.

Uphahla

Ukwakheka okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Siqukethe uhlaka lwamapulangwe kanye namapuleti. Uhlaka luncike ku-mauerlat, okungamabha abekwe ngasendaweni yesakhiwo. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile - 150 x 150 mm. Okwe-RAFTERS, kungcono ukukhetha imigoqo emincane emincane.

Kusuka ngaphakathi ngosizo lwe-crate yokhuni kuya kohlaka, i-steampoles, ngaphandle kokungena kwamanzi nokufakelwa. Ukuvimbela amanzi kufanele kubekwe ngaphezulu. Uma ukufakwa kwe-insulal, uzolahlekelwa yizakhiwo zawo. Kusuka ngaphakathi kwe-shape kudalwe. Ukuphahla kufakwe kugridi yokhuni yangaphandle. Ukusuka phezulu ekugobeni, kufakwa i-hob - iphrofayili ye-angular evala ukuhlangana kweziketi zombili.

Ukufudumeza nokuvutha amanzi

Sibheke izindlela eziningana, ukuthi singawakha kanjani indlu yamabhulokhi kakhonkolo e-ceramzite. Ukuze uphile kuwo, hhayi ehlobo kuphela, kodwa futhi ebusika kuzodingeka ukuthi uwufake futhi uyihlukanise nomswakama.

Izinto ezibonakalayo zinenombolo enkulu yama-pores, ngakho-ke kungaqhathaniswa nabahlaseli abajwayelekile ngokusebenza okushisayo. Kodwa-ke, ngamafriji anzima ngeke akwanele. Ngaphandle, ngaphansi kwamaphaneli abhekene anganikezwa ungqimba lwegwebu noma ngoboya lwamaminerali. Inketho yesibili ingcono kakhulu, ngoba uvolo wamaminerali, ngokungafani nogwebu, umlilo futhi unezinkomba eziphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke ikwazi ukulimaza izinduku.

Ukushisa nomoya omncane

Ukuphefumula kungafakwa lapho umoya ujikeleza ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuphonsa kwengcindezi, futhi uphoqeleke lapho ukugeleza kwenziwa ngumlandeli. Ingcindezelo yehle iphakama ngenxa yepayipi. Ebusika, lo mphumela ubonakale kakhulu. Ehlobo, ukugcwala kubi kakhulu, kepha ungena egumbini, kuvule nje iwindi.

Okwe-Ils Kunemibhalo eminingana okufanele icabangele abanikazi bezindlu zegadi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, akuvunyelwe ukubeka i-ventkanal eduze kwe-wiring nepayipi legesi. Ibanga kufanele okungenani libe ngu-10 cm. Akunakusho okubhalwe phansi kwamakhefu namakhishi nganoma iyiphi indlela kungenziwa ngemayini eyodwa. Akunakwenzeka ukuxhuma izakhiwo zokuhlala nezingahlali.

Ukushisa, izimfanelo nama-radiator aphathekayo bekulokhu kusetshenziswe njalo. Manje isimo sesishintshile. Odonga kanye nama-boilers floor asebenza kugesi, uphethiloli oqinile noketshezi avele ethengiswa. Kungcono ukukhetha lezo ezisebenza ngogesi. Azange zidale iphunga, ukufakwa kwazo akudingi ukuhlukaniswa ekhaya nasemvume ekhethekile. Ukuxhashazwa kwabo kushibhile.

Amamodeli angaphandle ahlala isikhala esiningi. Zihlukaniswa ngamandla amakhulu angadingeki ngezindawo ezincane. ICompacts efakwe odongeni futhi ingafakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo elula.

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