Kanjani futhi kusuka kuliphi isikhungo senqubo yokukhiqiza

Ukwakhiwa ngaphandle kosimende akunakwenzeka. Sizosho, ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingavuthiwe nokuthi impahla ebaluleke kakhulu futhi edingekayo ikhiqizwa.

Konke mayelana nezinto nezindlela zokukhiqizwa kosekhule

Ukwakheka kwengxenye nezimpawu

Izinhlobo ze-Binder

Izindlela ezintathu zokwenziwa

• -Omile
• -Manzi
• -Hlangene

Yini usimende

Okuqukethwe kusetshenziswe kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo ozimele futhi uphathwe izixazululo. Konke lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zomxube owomile - kungaba ngopulasitiki lapho amanzi engeziwe, nangemva kwesikhashana, sizokwenza lukhuni, luphenduke lube khona ngenhlamvu. Izici zalo zihlukahluka ngandlela thile ngokuya ngokwakheka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kuvela kuluphi usimende.

Ihlala inezithako ezinkulu ezinhlanu. Sizobahlaziya ngesibonelo sikakhonkolo wePortland, enye yezinhlobo ezifunwa kakhulu:

• I-calcium oxide - kungaphansi kwama-61%;
• silicon dioxide - okungenani ama-20%;
• kuphila cishe ama-4%;
• Iron oxide - kungaphansi kuka-2%;
• I-Magnesium Oxide - okungenani i-1%.

Izengezo ezithuthukisa izici ezithile zezinto ezibonakalayo zingeniswa kwingxube. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha. Ukukhiqizwa kuvame ukubekwa endaweni eseduze yama-deposits.

Kudingeka amaminerali akhishwa ngendlela evulekile, lokhu:

• Amadwala e-Carbonate: I-Dolomite, i-Mergel, i-riseline, i-chalk kanye nenye i-limestone.
• Uhlobo lobumba: ngaphansi, i-Suglinka, Shale.

Njengoba izengezo zisetshenziswa ama-apatites, i-sal spat, i-silica, i-alumina, njll.

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Izinhlobonhlobo Zezinto

Izinhlobo eziningi zikasimende ziyathengiswa. Ziyahlukahlukana ngomunye ngezimpawu eziningi:

• Amandla. Inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu ekhonjisiwe ekulebula. Kwenziwa ngendlela yezinhlamvu m nezinombolo. Okokugcina futhi kubonisa amandla. Kunqunywa ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
• Ingxenyenamba. Kunqunywe yingxube ngesitembu. Lokho ancipha, kubhekwa imikhiqizo eminingana. Okuhle ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu nezincane, ngoba ukugaya okuncane kudinga amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi sokuxinana.
• Isivinini esikhulu. Iyahlukahluka ngokungenisa i-gypsum kwingxube. Kuya ngenhloso yomkhiqizo, kungahluka kakhulu.
• Ukumelana nesithwathwa. Kunqunywe ukusabela emjikelezweni wokuqandisa nokudelela. Okuqukethwe kubonakaliswa yinombolo yemijikelezo enjalo engamelana nayo ngaphandle kokushintsha izakhiwo zayo.

Isidingo samanzi lapho isixazululo siveza ubuningi balokhu okuqukethwe, ngakho-ke inani lamanzi okuxoxwa kwezitembu ezahlukahlukene ziyahlukahluka. Uketshezi oluthe xaxa lunciphisa amandla kasimende.

Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sohlelo lokusebenza, izinhlobo eziningi zokuxutshwa kosemumu zihlukaniswa.

Usimende we-portland

Ebambe umoya nasemanzini. Izithasiselo zamaminerali azikho. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwakha izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ze-monolithic.

Ukumelana Nesisulu

Isici saso sikhuphuke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinolaka amakhemikhali. Ibonakala ngokugcwaliswa okuphansi okuphansi. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kukakhonkolo olwavimbela i-sulphate ukwakha izakhiwo ezingaphansi kwe-hydrotechnical, ngaphansi komhlaba, njll.

Pozzolan

Kungabhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zokumelana ne-subelate, kepha ngokungezwa kwamaminerali asebenzayo. Kancane kancane, unokumelana kwamanzi amaningi. Isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-hydraulic.

-Huyihliswa

Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-calcium ne-alumina. Lokhu kuvumela ingxube ukuba ilukhuni ngokushesha. Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa ngokushesha okuqinisa izixazululo okuvimbela ukushisa okusetshenziswayo ngokushesha emsebenzini wokulungisa, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, ukufakwa kobusika, njll.

Ukungamelana ne-Acid

Ukwakheka kufaka phakathi isihlabathi se-quartz kanye ne-sodium filiconfluide. Ayihlanganiswe namanzi, kepha ngengilazi ewuketshezi. Isetshenziselwe ukuthola izigqoko zokulwa ne-acid. Akubekezeleli ukubonwa njalo emanzini.

Kulungiswe ngopulasitiki

Kwenziwa ngezithasiselo ezikhethekile ezinikeza ukumelana nesithwathwa kanye nokunyuka okwandisiwe okulungiselelwe kulokhu kusebenza ngezixazululo. Bathola amandla amakhulu, bamelana kangcono nemiphumela elonakalisayo futhi bahluka ekuphikiseni kwamanzi okuphezulu.

Shagocotzer

I-Slag ivula iresiphi yakhe, iphesenti lapho okuqukethwe okuqukethwe kungahlukahluka kusuka ku-20% kuya ku-80% wesisindo somkhiqizo. Yehlisa ingxube, yehlisa ijubane lokuphulukisa kwalo futhi kwandisa ukumelana nokushisa. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha izinto zomhlaba, ngaphansi kwamanzi nangaphansi komhlaba.

Njengokuzijwayeza, usimende wePortland uyindlela efunwa kakhulu. Nguye usho ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngokosishi.

Ungawenza kanjani usimende

Ubuchwepheshe bezokukhiqiza ukuthola kanye ne-clinker elandelayo yokugaya. Ngakho-ke okubizwa ngokuthi ama-granules, okuwumkhiqizo ophakathi nendawo wokukhiqiza. Ukwakheka kwabo kuhlale kungashintshiwe. Leli yi-limestone nobumba, oluxutshwe ku-3: 1 ingxenye. Ngokwemvelo, kukhona amaminerali, afane ne-wedge. Uthiwa uMergel. Kodwa-ke, izinqolobane zalo zilinganiselwe futhi azikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesidingo sokukhiqizwa.

Ngakho-ke, amafektri asebenzisa i-analogue ye-mergel. Ukuyithola, izithako ezidingekayo zixutshwe ngokucophelela ezitsheni ezinkulu ezinezigubhu ezikhethekile. Isisindo esilungiselelwe ngale ndlela sondliwa esithandweni somlilo, lapho kuvutha khona amahora amane. Izinga lokushisa lenqubo lingaba ngu-1500 ° C. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-powder iqala ukushesha ibe yimigodi emincane. Ngemuva kokuphola, okusanhlamvu kwe-clinker kuthunyelwa ukugaya. Zichotshozwa izigubhu ezinkulu ezinamabhola anamabhola. Kulesi sigaba kubalulekile ukugaya ama-granule futhi uthole umkhiqizo osayizi osayizi abathile. Ukugaya kunqunywa ngamasayizi we-15. I-powder ephumayo ixubene nezithasiselo ezidingekayo ezinquma uhlobo lomkhiqizo nezindawo zomkhiqizo.

Izinto zokwenza usimende eziqediwe zigcinwa noma esigabeni sokupakisha, lapho zisatshalaliswa khona esitsheni samandla ahlukile noma alayishwe ezimotweni ezikhethekile zosemanzi.

Naphezu kobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, izindlela ezintathu zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ukwakheka ngokuya ngezakhiwo zezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Imfashini eyomile

Le ndlela inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi nezindleko zokukhiqiza ingxube kasimende. Uphakamisa izigaba eziningana:

1. Izinto ezivuthiwe zichotshozwa ukuze zithole okusanhlamvu engxenyeni encane.
2. Ama-granules alungiselelwe ayomiswa ukufeza umswakama owufunayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukwenza lula ukusebenza okulandelayo.
3. Izithako zixubene ngezilinganiso ezithile. Emva kwalokho, okuchotshoziwe, ufulawa.
4. I-powder inikezwa isithando somlilo esijikelezayo, lapho ishiswe khona, kepha ayisongi emigqeni.

Ngemuva kokupholisa, umkhiqizo oqediwe uthunyelwa endaweni yokugcina izinto noma esizeni sokupakisha.

Indlela eyomile ibhekwa njengokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane, ngakho-ke inzuzo enkulu kubakhiqizi. Ngeshwa, akusebenzi kuzo zonke izigaba zezinto zokusetshenziswa.

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Indlela emanzi

Kwezinye izimo, kuyadingeka ukufudumeza okulungiselelwe ukukhiqizwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kusetshenziswa indlela emanzi. Ukulungiselela i-clinker, equkethe i-limestone nobumba, ingxube yezinto eziphambili ngokufakwa kwamanzi kuxutshwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kutholwe isisindo se-viscous, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-sludge.

Ibekwe kuhhavini lapho kuvela khona ukudubula. Kule nqubo, amagremu akhiwa kusuka ku-sludge, athunyelwa ekugayeleni ngemuva kokupholisa.

I-powder etholwe ku-clinker ixubene nezithasiselo zokugaya. Kuphela ngemuva kwalokho umkhiqizo usulungele ukupakishwa nokugcinwa. Ukwakheka okukhiqizwe ubuchwepheshe obunjalo kunendleko ephezulu kakhulu.

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Indlela ehlanganisiwe

Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izindleko zemikhiqizo eqediwe. Kuluhlobo lwe-symbiosis yezobuchwepheshe bomile nobumanzi. Kuqale kuxutshwe yi-sludge, eshidlanga emzimbeni olandelayo. Ngaleyo ndlela yenza i-clinker. Ingena kuhhavini osebenza kubuchwepheshe be- "Dry". Okulandelayo, uma kunesidingo, ukuxuba nabaphangi, futhi umkhiqizo usulungile. Inqubo ikhonjiswa imininingwane eminingi kuvidiyo.

Ikhwalithi kasenti kakhulu incike kakhulu ekuqukethwe okungavuthiwe okukhiqizwa kuyo, kanye nokunemba kokuhambisana nazo zonke izigaba zobuchwepheshe. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izici zezinto zokwakha ezenziwe kusuka kulokho zinqunywa yikhwalithi yengxube, kufanelekile ukukunaka.