Review of staircase designs: materials and combinations, compliance with interior stylistry and safety rules, assembly and installation
If there is a staircase in the house or apartment, it is almost always the most noticeable element of the interior. It is also precisely the fence makes it the main decoration. But at the same time, it is impossible to forget that the main purpose of this design is to ensure security and facilitate the rise and descent in steps.
Details about the details
Even at first glance, the fence of one-, two-year-old inter-staircase can consist of many dozens of items. The main elements of the railing racks (if the fences are wooden, they are called pillars or snacks), filling (lattice or screen) and handrails. However, carrier racks are not a mandatory design element. Sometimes vertical stability it gives it to fill, reinforced on the growths, cosos, or overlap beams.
Tale of Balyasin
The dishevecut of the fence between the columns is filled with vertical or parallel marches (longitudinal) elements or solid fragments (forged, stamped, licenses).
In addition to the currently metal fences, the longitudinal elements of filling out of the rod are actively used, they are called the procpears, knitting needles, or, borrowing sea terminology, and endors. Between racks, strings are sometimes stretched and the string cables are usually metallic. Additional items may be present at the railway: a rack racks, which combines the top of the racks and passing under the handrail, and the railing base (sometimes apply the term "sub-board board") - stand under these racks.
If the space between carrier racks is closed with a solid leaf or slab material, then the fencing is called on-screen. If the panel screens are combined with grilles combined.
An integral part of almost any staircase fence - handrail. It rarely represents one-sole item. It is often collected using connecting bushings from straight and fittings, and the ends are closed with decorative plugs.
"CM2Kvadrat" | 
"CM2Kvadrat" | 
"Caucasian Forest" | 
Honka. |
1-4. Probably, neither in a single building structure the possibility of wood is not disclosed with such a completeness as in the staircase fence. Beautiful support pillars in the form of fantasy sculptures are elegant, the accurate balusters decorated with an intricate manual carvings are excellent, magnificent massive benched handrails. All this helps designers to recreate the atmosphere of an ancient terche or a mansion of the Victorian era
Safety of Movement
It is not so rare the main thing and almost the only requirement for the staircase is a stylistic compliance with the interior. Alas, it happens that at the same time forget about convenience and security. The stairs "soar" are very beautiful, and in the desire to give them an even greater ease of the fence make it rather symbolic than functional, and sometimes refuse it (this is, of course, the extreme, which is an exception to the rules). Sometimes the fence does not satisfy the safety regulations due to the fact that the builders do not know the existing standards or seek to reduce costs. But, although the balusters are much more expensive than the matches, it is unlikely to save on them.
According to GOST 25772- 83 "Fencing of stairs, balconies and steel roofs", the handrails are located at an altitude of 900mm from the steps, the distance between the racks should not exceed 150 mm, from the stage to the lower longitudinal element, 100mm. Snip 2.01.07- 85 "load and exposure" The fence must withstand a horizontal load of 0.3 kN / m (30 kgf / m) affecting the handrail.
Very important for the convenience of movement on the stairs section and line of handrail: its optimal width is 55-85mm. Noticeably losing in the safety and convenience of handrails with ruptures and corners on the staircases (continuous curved, more preferred option). In love, the ends of the handrail should be done with roundings. A constructive solution in which the first stages of the march are left without handrail, it is also impossible to be called successful: the fall from the bottom stage is no less dangerous than with the top (statistics do not objize!).
Strong Engineering | 
"Maestro" | 
"Maestro" | 
"CM2Kvadrat" |
5. Products made of metal is easy to give any bend
6. The wall to which the staircase is adjacent, can be protected from damage and contamination of the finishes using screens
7. The finish rounding of the handrail is made in the form of a transition to the rack
8. Window overlooking the stairs, prudently fenced with wooden railings
If there are children in the house, the installation of the second, "children's" handrail is welcomed (it is attached at an altitude of 500-700mm), the distance between the racks should be reduced to 100mm, and from the stage to the lower longitudinal element, up to 20mm. Those who are not in taste of frequently located racks or proches, we recommend choosing a solid screen fencing. If the marches are adjacent to the walls, the fence is made, as a rule, one-sided. If the staircase is from the walls on both sides (the exclusion is a screw staircase). Inacontal, if the stair march is limited on both sides of the walls, the need for the fence disappears, but without the handrail, it is still not to do with: it is fixed to the wall with a given 50-70mm.
Inspirational materialism
Even the simplest fences from pine or larch racks of a rectangular or round cross section, smooth or with a modest milled pattern are able to give the interior charm. Cozy country, many-sided ethno, deliberately rich colonial, breathable vintage vintage - all these styles imply the use of wooden railing.
Not varnish one
Wooden fence elements can be painted in any color according to the RAL catalog. With their finishing, all sorts of imitation are also used: artificial formation, gilding, toning for exotic wood species. It should be borne in mind that because of the large difference in the density of fibers, the wood of coniferous rocks is poorly tinted with impregnations, so the necessary color is attached to it with colored varnishes. The soaked coating is two serious minuses: first, the texture of the tree is largely hidden, and secondly, local mechanical damage was very noticeable on the details trimmed by this method. Therefore, pine and larch better leave their natural color. Hardwood products have recently been preferred to soak tinting or colorless oil.
Wood moisture intended for the construction of fences should not exceed 12%. We emphasize that even dry wood in the house where they live only periodically, will be rolled due to moisture drops. Wooden railing is made of short-lived wood of the following breeds: firmware (oak, beech, ash), hardening average density (birch, alder) and coniferous (pine, larch). The best hand-tired of longitudinal narrow lamellae. Much worse, of short solid fragments fucked on a microscope, with curvilinear sites cut from wide boards. They are less durable, besides can be swore. Determine how the handrail is made, it is not difficult if you pay attention to the direction of fibers and glue seams. Avoid accurate balasins are almost always made from a solid array, since turning, like no other, exhibits a textural pattern of wood, and it should not violate it. At the same time, that the finished product does not learn and it does not crack, for the billets take the bars from the stems close to the core. Screens for fences in the classic style are sometimes made from glued shields with a milling or carved pattern, but you can make them and from different plates (Fiberboard and high density chipboard), the fixed assets of the decor of which- inlaid from veneer of the valuable wood or layout from the rails.
Fencing from metal, prefabricated and welded, became popular thanks to a steady fashion on the style of High-tech, as well as a relatively low price. Stainless steel railing is grinding to a matte shine or polished to a mirror. Black steel is coated with plastic, enamels, chrome and nickel, aluminum alloys are anodized. Such products have a lot of advantages: they are durable, durable, have a small mass and easy to install. WHATS The same polished steel handracks can not be called practical: they are cold on the touch, and traces from fingers remain on them.
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Albini Fontanot. |
9-12. Light structures made of metal, wood and plastic are very elegant. The universal system of fixtures allows you to install them on marches with different degrees of the slope
Forged fences with openwork floral or geometric pattern will decorate both stone and a wooden staircase. The plasticity of the forged products makes it possible to implement almost any designer ideas and wishes of housing owners. Beautiful and durable, respectable and elegant, these fences will be better fit into the interiors in the style of modern or Gothic. However, it is necessary to keep in mind that forged lattices are very heavy, and when designing the stairs, it is certainly necessary to take into account the load on the supporting structures that they will create.
"CM2Kvadrat" | 
"Tula Master" | 
Irbis-Service | 
"CM2Kvadrat" |
13. Railings with filling in the form of a web from a steel bar: the originality of the design solution does not contradict the safety requirements
14-16. There are several ways to protect forged fences from corrosion: Patinating (applying the composition, imitating old non-ferrous metal), enamel coating, powder painting
Details of the handrail sometimes connect with each other with the help of metal hinges metal perfectly combined with wood, stained glass. Sometimes they combine the forging of black steel and casting from non-ferrous metals (bronze, brass, copper), creating the most complex patterns in an unfair style.
Multilayer or tempered glass with a thickness of 8-12mmmmmmmmable attribute of the on-screen fencing in the style of high-tech. Toning, matting, diamond engraving - the incomplete list of decorative glass processing methods. Screens are sometimes made from polycarbonate or acrylic glass. These materials are much easier and devoid of the main disadvantage of ordinary (silicate) glass brittleness, but, unfortunately, the surface of such screens is not too hard, and it is easy to scratch it.
An attempt to tell about all the materials and their combinations, which can be found in modern staircase fences, is obviously doomed to failure. Pearl and crystal, mica and stained glass windows, incredible combinations of materials that have become the result of the application of the latest technologies, are able to hit the imagination of even sophisticated connoisseurs.
Opinion of a specialist
Sometimes make a fence for the already erected stairs of a complex configuration technically and technologically more complicated than to carry out the whole cycle of work from beginning to end. Hospitality, it is not always possible to take advantage of the project documents: by the time when the queue comes to a fence, they may be lost, or they are not at all in nature, or they are called, do not reflect validity. The result is a fencing to the fencing order, on the basis of a set of measurements to actually restore this documentation, quite frequently mounted in the workshop, in order to observe all the nuances of the marches geometry, as well as to carry out the "fittings" of the manufactured fragments. In addition, it is necessary to calculate the maximum allowable load on the bearing elements, for which it is necessary to know the technical characteristics of the materials used, as well as the design of the attachment nodes, often by this time already hidden finish. Thus, the technically competent project of the railings is half of success, and work on it affects the price of the product is no less than, for example, the design, the cost of the material and the complexity of the manufacture of parts.
Peter Tsyganov, Leading Specialist of the Company "SM2Kvadrat"
Firmly fucking
In the installed fencing, the fasteners should not be too noticeable, but it is obliged to provide greater strength of the design, as well as the possibility of replacing its parts during repair. It is not always possible to satisfy all these requirements at the same time.The classic method of assembling wood fencing - with the help of adhesive connection on the thorn. We recommend (in the stairs on the cosomers - in steps) and the handrails drill the nests and glue the sharpened ends of the balusin in them. Another option is the bottom of the balasine plant on the seasons (plug-in cylindrical colors), and the top is glued into the longitudinal groove of the handrail.
Poles with selected grooves are planted on a thorn, formed at the ends of the taper (cososov) and handrails, additionally strengthening the connection with wooden nails-beaters. (Stairs designs on parodes and with bearing fence require that posts are fixed on the beams of overlaps.) The described method is reliable, but requires a very accurate fit of the parts. The result is complicated by the process of making the ladder, besides, it is extremely difficult to replace the damaged balasine in such a fence.
Most modern wooden stairs are mounted using a metal fastener-decorative or ordinary, in the latter case of screws of screws, bolts and nut heads are combined into a tree, closing with wooden plugs.
Metal fences are collected using welding or bolted connections. Racks with welded flanges ("heels") are attached to reinforced concrete marches anchor bolts. We will prevent that the facing of steps with a patchworking or other very durable material before installing the railway will supply installers in a predicary position. Sometimes mortgage plates are mixed into concrete steps, but it makes sense only if the design and construction of the turnkey staircase are charged with one contractor. Glass screens are fixed either to racks, or by means of metal brackets, to carrier beams.
Opinion of a specialist
When developing a staircase fence as an element of the interior to the fore, there is an integrated approach to a common stylistic solution. This point of view is perhaps the widest possibilities of hand-made artistic forging. Drinking with other materials (stone, wood, glass) Forged metal allows you to create completed compositions, a wide variety of stylistics. Thus, the use of elements of artistic forging is assumed when creating interiors from medieval "knight" to modern with its asymmetric "fluid" lines. In the manufacture of baroque fencing, fragments of stone and cast from non-ferrous metals can be selected; Gothic, Modern and Art Deco imply inserts from stained glass; Ethnic and "rustic" styles elements from aged tree. In addition, patinating is widely used in the decoration of art products made of metal. The metal university can be embodied by almost any motive chosen by the customer. And the main thing that attaches a special charm to wrought in the railing is a pronounced personality.
Arina Korobeynikova, Designer of Irbis-Service
Manufacturers and prices
Economy fence is collected from finished components of domestic production. Such components for wooden stairs, including railings (pillars, handrails, balusters, rip-out boards, etc.), both producers, many manufacturers: "Wingor", "Ging", " Caucasian Forest "," Crystal SC "," Magic of Tree "," Master "," Novik "," SM2Kvadrat "(all- Russia) IDR., Large and small woodworking enterprises.
Prefabricated metal fences (mainly by prior order) produce "Crystal SK", "Metalist", "Outo", "Steel Decor", "Yugspetsomplekt" (all- Russia) IDR. The price of the rail depends mainly on the type of material and the material consumption of the product. Cheaper all enameled steel st. 3 (stainless steel is more expensive about 1.5 times, chromed brass - more than 2 times). Stainless steel fencing with racks located after 500mm costs about 2 thousand rubles. For 1 p. m, and filling with racks every 100mm will increase the price of up to 7 thousand rubles. For 1 p. m. The screen fencing from the triplex and the stainless steel of the simplest design (flat sheets on racks in 800-1200mm) costs about 5 thousand rubles. For 1 p. m. If you want to make changes to a typical project, most firms will meet you, but, of course, it will affect the price.
"Maestro" | 
"Maestro" | 
Strong Engineering |
18. Glass screens can be performed in fusing technique.
From foreign manufacturers, we note Albini Fontanot, Maretti, Nelur, T.A.I.L. (All Italy), Interscala (Greece), Antiqua-Technic, Kenngott Treppen (Oba Germany), Lapeyre (France), manufacturing a wide variety of stairs and fences. Nefirms representing these enterprises in the Russian market and carry out the installation of their products (for example, the "Academy of the Interior", "Elika", Step by Step, Oman Idr.), You can separate some types of fences, in particular universal metal and plastic teams. They will cost approximately 1.5 times more expensive than similar design and made from the same materials domestic.
Forged fences, both sufficiently modest and exclusive, produce the firms "Spring M", "Zlatoust Repairing Factory", "Irbis-Service", "Roskada", "Russian forging", "Stonsis", "Tula Master" ( Russia) IDR. The price of forged fences - from 4 thousand rubles. For 1 p. m.
The production of a railing on an individual project will be most expensive, since the production of non-standard elements requires bo / rinse spending time, and sometimes new technological solutions.
Mounting fencing should masters of the manufacturer. The cost of the installation largely depends on the material of the staircase marches. On a wooden base or metal frame, the lattice railing will be installed approximately 20-30% of their price; If the steps are made of concrete or stone (natural or artificial), the cost of the installation can be up to 45% of the price of the fence.
"Crystal SC" | 
"Maestro" | 
"Maestro" | 
Strong Engineering |
20, 21. Glass, wood and metal, this combination of materials is becoming more and more fans
22, 23. Glass screens are fixed to the bearing elements using metal holders