Stairs at the Bolts: groups of structures, aesthetic and practical advantages of the reference system, materials for steps, operating rules.
Installation of the stairs something reminds the assembly of a children's designer
The staircase at the Bolts will give sophistication even to the modest interior of the hallway
The design is easily and accurately fits even into lection space.
Even stone steps with hospitals may seem easy and elegant
Lightwood staircase with hospitals creates a sense of holiday
Options for mounting the upper stage to the slab overlap using the risk (A) and the construction of the railiv, which perceive a part of the total load acting on the stairs (b)
E. Kulibaba
The support on the hospitals allowed to create an exquisite screw staircase that does not shadow the main hall
A- connection to the wall;
b- connection at the hospital;
1- plastic sleeve,
2- bracket;
3- anchor bolt;
4- amortization
elastic gasket, 5-steps; 6- Wovers;
7, the hospital;
8 - Telescopic tube;
9- Shayba
In the design of the stairs, the hospitals work together with Kosourg
The massive design of the console staircase (A) is inferior in the grace of the stairs on the parodes (b)
Original symbiosis of the hospitals and screw stairs
A solid handrail and a powerful antimony emphasize the energetic dynamism of the Bathhouse Ladder
If the architecture, according to Goethe, is frozen music, then its elements can be compared with materialized melodies. True, many architectural forms, in contrast to music, lacks the feeling of flight. Aveted Modern technologies allow you to create genuine ballet suite from metal, wood, glass and stone, affecting the imagination.
Helpful information
When designing stairs at parliaments, security requirements, functionality and ergonomics must be observed. According to current standards (SNiP 2.08.01-89 * "Residential buildings") an angle of lifting (descent) of a staircase march should not go beyond 30-40. With steepness, more than 45 movement on the stairs is complicated (especially descent). Stroke structures (less than 25) take too much space and are more likely to the category of ramps. The dimensions of the steps are usually taken on the basis of the shakes of the march. The following parameters of the sticky (width) and the riser (height) are most commonly used: 300150, 280160, 270180mm. However, stairs made to order may have risers up to 225mm and come up to 230mm. Standard width of the staircase march - 1m. The wider the staircase, the more convenient to use it (moving towards each other, to transfer furniture IT.D.). The width of simple structures can be 0.8m. To lift the flight march, the distance between any step and the ceiling plane should be at least 2m. The fence is recommended to perform 0.9m high. The mid-scene distance of neighboring balasine does not exceed 150mm. If the balaasine fence designs are installed in two or three steps, the space between them usually fill the rods (prokad strings) going along the march.
When building rotary stairs at the hospitals to save space, labor and finance, experts advise not to use non-staircases, but long-term triangular steps (for rotation of 90 requires at least three products).
Beauty and benefit
The success of the support system at the parodes is predetermined by its original aesthetics. Stair marches without familiar boomers and the guards as if soaring in the air. Elegant and lungs, such structures do not unhappy and do not darken the room. Of course, in a pompous living room in the style of Late Baroque, they can hardly be appropriate. But this does not mean that the stairs at the largest attribute of exclusively modern spaces. They are able to perceive the classic and fantasy decor, to join in the most unexpected stylistic context.In addition to artistic advantages, such ladders have both serious practical advantages. First, with an equal overall lifting height and the level of convenience, they occupy less space than the march. Secondly, the composition at the largest is a win-win version with a staircase device in a tower, erker or niche with curvilinear walls. In this case, there is no need to manufacture "swirling" (and therefore very expensive) boosters or theetics. The stairs on the bolsters are good for both houses with wooden or weakened overlaps, since they do not create a significant load on the supporting structures.
Supporting systems on parities are characterized by high manufacturability. They are easily repaired, since the damaged stage is changed without disturbing the integrity of the neighboring elements. These structures can be adjusted (for example, in the case of natural sediment of the building and the occurrence of other deformations).
Finally, the "air" stairs do not require tiring care. In open steps, dust and dirt do not accumulate. During harvest, the brush or nozzle of the vacuum cleaner does not meet serious obstacles or inaccessible angles.
According to constructive features, these stairs, in our opinion, can be divided into three groups: console facilities in which the hospitals are located on one side of the steps and perform the carrying function; Combined models, where the load is redistributed between the hospitals and the carrier handrail; And complex systems are also present in them, and one Kosur or ATT.
Tie under feet
For the manufacture of steps of hospital stairs, glued boards are used with a thickness of at least 60mm from sufficiently solid wood (larch, oak, ash, beech, cherries, maple IT.D.). The same applied material lined with veneer of valuable wood (various types of mahogany, American walnut, olive IT.D.). Adhesive products are characterized by increased strength and geometric stability. Regarding recently, the stairs began to make from the new laminated material CPL (Kenngott), mimicing the texture of the tree and stone. Such steps have exceptional wear resistance, durability, immunity to significant temperature and humidity differences.
In the manufacture of stone steps, two and more plates of marble, granite, gneis, quartzite IT.D. In addition, it is made of reinforced concrete stickies with a thickness of 3-4 cm, lined with decorative stone.
To create "transparent" stairs use steps from acrylic or from multilayer high-strength glass with a thickness of 36-38mm. To stick not slid, their upper plane makes corrugated or cover with a special "invisible" material that gives glass or plastic roughness.
Modest charm console
Bolties (from him. Bolzen- "bolt", "rod") are support nodes that ensure the rigidity and stability of the staircase march. Their design is simple. If you put the bushing (piece of the pipe) between the two steps, drill through the through holes passing along the axis of the pipe, insert a sufficiently long bolt to insert a sufficiently long bolt and pull the stage with this bolt and the pipe and the pipe with each other, then we will get the simplest structure of the Bolt. Each step is put on a pair. So that the staircase does not be fed from the weight of people, cargo and their own elements, the diameters of the bolts and bushings should be more, and that the span looks more elegant, on the contrary. The structural and aesthetic solution of the staircase as a whole depends on the strength characteristics of these elements in many respects. The sleeves are made of wood, metal (chrome or stainless steel, polished brass) and polyamide. Metal is most in demand. All modern details of the support nodes have high quality performance. In addition, steel and plastic bushings make telescopic (screwing on a thread) to adjust their height during the installation or operation. The thickness is not less than 60mm, which provides all the staircase necessary stiffness.
When installing, it is first to fasten the plates of the ceiling of the ceiling of the overlap for the first, bottom steps (their tightening rod has an anchor part). They fix the first step. Near her back edge, two largests are installed, supporting the front edge of the second, IT.D. But on one largests ("normal" size, that is, with a diameter of a tightening bolt of 10-12mm), the staircase is able to grow only for four to five steps. Of course, you can make a structure with large-diameter hospitals, which will work as an element of a Kooowar. However, in this case, the design loses its "air" attractiveness. Consequently, to preserve slightness, the stairs at the Bolts need support for the walls. On them, the steps are based on special brackets, which, in turn, are attracted to the wall with steel anchors. The length of the pinched end depends on the type of wall material. Let's say the brick partition should have a thickness of at least half the cliff (130mm). There are a hole with a diameter of 40mm with a diameter of 40mm, in which an anchor is 80mm long. Kenngott practices an anchors fastening into an array of walls on a "fast" cement, grasping within a few minutes. In this case, the seal length is 140-160mm.
The brackets do not "ignore" the hospitals from the zone of their influence. Two types of supporting elements coexist perfectly. The brackets not only perceive the vertical load, but also do not allow the march to be swollen from side to side. The installation of hospitals from the inside of the steps increases the operational reliability and stability of the staircase (the steps do not "play"), and also supports the aesthetic balance of the design. We add that the brackets are placed elastic gaskets that provide a dense fit of coming and quenching their oscillation when walking. Firm "Stairs. Hitech "(Russia) offers the installation of anchors into the wall through special sound insulators who dampen vibration without letting it go onto the walls and create noise.
Standard march is 15 steps (lifting). If the staircase is higher, then on the fourth or fifth sticking places the intermediate rod support. Rotate platforms need racks. However, often such a decision is not satisfied with the owners or designer. Then other constructive techniques use. For example, if the height of the staircase exceeds the norm by several lifts, then part of the coming and the site can be suspended on the hustles to the ceiling overlap. At the same time, the suspensions will become not only carrying elements, but also a fence.
Note that the size of the hospitals depend not only on the length of the steps, but also on their material. For example, a sticking larger more than 1M need powerful power elements (the diameter of the steel spacer sleeve is at least 25mm). The situation is aggravated if the installation of a stone staircase is conceived, and even with a very heavy fence (forging IT.P.). Then it will be necessary to look for the balance between the rich decoration and the reasonable weight of the composition. In the opposite case, the need for massive largests will arise, which will result in the complication of the manufacture, as well as the installation of the product, increase the total estimated cost, and most importantly, to the loss of the meaning of the building of the Bthist ladder.
Despite the external weightlessness, the structures on the bolsters are able to withstand the distributed load up to 1800 kgf. Such stairs are equipped with a solid balustrade from wood and metal, glass fencing IT.D. For example, let's say that there are also a significant part of the total cost of the construction.
The second group (according to the above classification) - structures in which part of the load takes on the handrail that performs the function of the inclined carrier beam. Through its reference pillars, he transmits the load on the overlap. In this case, the costs of the hospitals are reduced by reducing their diameter. At the same time, the steps can be done thinner by 5-10 mm. But the models of this type have significant restrictions on the installation of the fence. For example, it is impossible to use glass (polycarbonate only) or a large mass balustrade. Otherwise, the handrail can be very deformed.
Take care of the staircase of Smoloda
In order for the wooden stairs, they do not creak, they did not dissolve and not covered with the web of small cracks, it is necessary to comply with the simplest rules for their operation.
The design must be installed at a sufficiently large distance from heating devices (at least 1.5 m), as well as pipelines of water supply systems and water heating. The agencies should be maintained for wooden products temperature and humidity mode (air temperature - 20-25 s, relative humidity - 50-60%). It is important to prevent sharp and significant temperature and humidity differences. It should also provide natural ventilation of the staircase (if it is located in an isolated or fenced volume). With a lack of fresh air and high humidity, the likelihood of biological damage to the tree (the appearance of mold, rot, IT.D.).
It is useful to know the varnish brand applied by the manufacturer, in case of mechanical damage to the stairs. The cleaning of the wooden staircase is desirable to produce a wet, well pressed rag. A permissible processing of steps (no more than 1 time instez) aqueous solution of a special detergent containing wax.
Brilliant combination
The neighborhood with the capital wall or carrier partition is not characteristic of all stairs. Often stair marches are installed next to drywall structures, subtle plaster sheets or placing in the middle of the room. In this case, it is impossible to use a typical staircase on the bits. To create a visual effect of "airiness", integrated systems are used. Usually, from the inside, the march of the sticky supports the metal Kosur, made according to the profile of steps. The "crankshaft" occurred inclined beam includes in the overall stylistic concept of the interior, thereby creating the illusion of the ease of structures.We will add that in wooden walls (bruschers, logs) do not recommend making console supports on the anchors. Steps on the inside of the march to the ends are cut into the taper-inclined carrier beam from business wood. At the same time, the texture of the tree is selected in such a way that the element of the staircase organically fit into the natural pattern of the wall.
In addition, hospitals can play the role of additional support nodes. Let's say the steps of the screw stairs are pinched in the central rack. For stairs with a length of sticking 1m and more commonly use bent wooden rigs or metal boosters. Such a decision requires the serious cost of time and finance (especially in the manufacture of the guilty) and sometimes contradicts the design decision of the interior. Simple in the installation of the hospitals ensure the stability and strength of the screw staircase, while maintaining the "transparency" of the design.
Systems approach
It is clear from what is clear that the stairs at the parodes belong to the category of construction products of industrial production. The ability to create such structures at home causes serious doubts. Of course, the hypothetical left-handed, setting the goal, "bribers the" steps "by the" author's "hospitals. But quality, reliability, stability and durability will be unsatisfactory. In there are good reasons.
After all, the hospitals, despite the seeming simplicity, are a fastener mini-system. It is possible to make it only in industrial conditions. By the way, serious manufacturers use branded details that impede the spontaneous spinning of the hospitals during operation.
Stairs at the Bolts accompany warranty obligations for a period of 1 year. Next, you can make an agreement for post-warranty service. Moreover, manufacturers usually store documentation on each model for a very long time (for example, Kenngott- 30 years).
Rise price
The cost of the stairs on the bolsters depends on many factors: configurations, the presence of rod supports or suspensions, the material of the hospitals, steps, handrail, balustrades IT.D. Basic price ranges from 55-75 thousand rubles. For 1 p. M Marsha (excluding long-term steps and staircases).
The editors thanks the company "Crystal SC", "cm2 square", "Akb Tehnomir", "Metal - Design", "Ladders. Hitech", Kenngott Treppen, Easyrise for help in preparing the material.