Heat in credit

Heat pumps: Operation, Overview of the equipment market, Types of heatborns, options for laying and placement of collectors.

Thermal pump MGTST-120 heat reproduction

120 kW (Innsolarn -invest)

"Heat Sewervice"

To supply a large amount of heat, TN is easily connected by a cascade scheme.

"Heat Sewervice"

Wode TN brand GreenLine F40 (IVT) with a capacity of 40 kW Plastic heat exchangers

IVT.

The heat pump (left) successfully fit into the kitchen interior

In the strapping of the boiler room, a bivalent system was applied together with an electric wall-mounted boiler.

Robust Heat Pump Truck Used Scroll Compressor (THERMIA)

The Diplomat (Thermia) pump model with 12kW with built-in Tanes fully ensures the needs of the family of four in hot water and the heating of a brusade house with an area of ​​180m2

Options for laying of soil collectors: in the swamp; in solid ground ("heat-service")

Sometimes on top of small trenches make sandy mound

Well under the probe is permissible even on the border of the site

IVT-compact collector "warms up" soil in summer

"Heat Sewervice"

Assembly of heat removal loops with distributor

Collectors. Around them later will be elevated with concrete well

"Heat Sewervice"

Laying the branches of the underwater collector manually

Distribution collectors for underwater heat removal loops

"Heat Sewervice"

Loads to blame pipes in water

The prison is suspended with a ductive water, the probe is suspended and gently lowered it in just a bore

Wells for probes Buryat at a distance no closer than 2m from the walls of the house so as not to damage the foundation

Options for placing distribution

ditch: in the pit in front of the building and in the house

Steel pipelines in the ledge of a vertical probe type "Pipe in a pipe" are not distinguished by durability, but can be easily replaced with new

The place of input pipes of the thermal circuit into the boiler room through the floor is secreted, refills the ceramisite for insulation and cement after debugging the system

The strapping of the heating circuit is often made from copper pipes.

Heating system collectors

"Heat Sewervice"

Contour strapping pipes and input sections heat insulation

Empire contours of expansion tanks are required

An embodiment of the entry node in the boiler room from the field distributor

Manifold

The secondary contours of the two TN connected to the heating highways in parallel using the polypropylene

New pipes

When using heat pumps, it is necessary to apply panel steel radiators of increased area due to reduced water temperature.

Since childhood, we are secretly believe that some miracle will happen in the New Year, at least small. Avteda in the world already exists a miracle that brings a huge benefit to people, but we do not notice him stubbornly. We are talking about thermal pumps. They know how to collect crumbs of heat from the frozen earth, from under ice or frosty air and create a comfortable microclimate in the house.

Winter air stops outside the window makes sure to think about reliable heating. For the inhabitants of millions of country houses, where thermal pipes from district boiler houses did not reach, this is an acute problem. After all, they do not regret and the authorities do not blame the authorities. Meanwhile, you can smoothly get cheap warm and hot water all year round. IVSA due to thermal pumps (TN). They are already known for 150 years, and only 30 years apply in private homes.

"Corsa"

The armature of the boiler room with the help of a thermal pump and a thermal point cabinet ("Corsa") containing all reinforcement, assembling and circulating pumps of primary and secondary contours of these devices are popular on the whole globe, except Russia. Moreover, the population of developed countries uses them not only for heating houses and obtaining hot water. They (although not all models) are also capable of creating a cool atmosphere in the room and work in the system of forced ventilation, heated cold fresh air or dumping room. Does this not a huge screaming technical monster, but a modest device resembling a refrigerator. It can stand in the corner of your kitchen (the appearance allows) or take 2-3m2 in a small boiler room. But most importantly, in the other. Approximately 70% of the energy to create a comfortable climate in the House of TN to its owners simply gives. Is free! Because it takes her himself by the surrounding nature, of air, earth or water. Isn't it a miracle? Do not be lazy, use it! About how "it" works, we wrote in the N6 "IVD" for 2005.

Note that the device itself does not produce energy, but only transports from the source of low-temperature heat (int) to a higher temperature level.

"Do not miss, Asunta!"

The TN market is very modest. Water Heating Models offer IVT, Mecmaster, Thermia, Nibe (Sweden), Viessmann, Stiebel Eltron (Germany), Ochsner (Austria), Carrier, AERTEC, FHP (USA), Climaveneta (Italy), PZP KOMPLET, G-MAR ( Czech Republic), GeoThermix (Canada). For air heating, the "primer" model supplies only FHP. It is gratifying that in a number of domestic producers ("EKIP", "NPF TRITON", RZP, "NGO" Energia ") appeared new to the company" Corsa ". It offers eight models of the type" ground-water "with a capacity of 11-34,5 kW Price approximately 9,2 thousand rubles. for 1kW.

The originality of the TN market is that it is impossible to point to the attractive unit as, for example, on the kettle. Models are represented only in catalogs, but they are not in stock. Your choice only places the beginning of the discussion. The company's specialist will be carefully familiar with the house (or project) to determine the heat loss of the building, and the site to assess its thermodynamic potential. According to the recommendations of the professional, the model you chose can be significantly changed, to fit its parameters for the needs of the house (as a suit according to the figure). TN will create at the factory, in fact, to order. You are hollowing it.

Boiler room with TN is uncomplicated in the strapping. The heat pump is adjacent to the working workbench ("Termothech-M"), but the primary choice is extremely important (this is like a targeting shot from a sniper). The success of the case depends on how correctly the parameters of the TN itself, the system of collecting low-precious heat (primary circuit) and the home heating system (secondary circuit) will be agreed.

First, TN is recommended to be used for low-temperature heating systems (Europe has passed on them when using any type of energy). The most favorable options are outdoor water or air heating, in which the coolant above 35s does not heat up for medical reasons. Secondly, the house should be thoroughly insulated, minus the losses from the usual Russian level 100W / m2 to "civilized" 50-60W / m2 so that it does not work according to the proverb: "We collect crumbs, but we lose the verses."

It is also recommended to use TN in the so-called bivalent heating and hot water systems (DHW). The term means that in addition to TN, the second heat supplier operates. The reasons for its use are two: physical and economic. The consumer often needs hotter water than the pump can "offer". Typical situation: you need water with a temperature of 75-85s to carry out sanitary treatment of the water pack. Or, let's say, you have conceived to embed TN to an existing heating system (the idea is controversial, but feasible).

Especially useful "Assistant" with the primary start of TN in a cold house. Most often, an electric heating device (tan or electric flow) is used as a "second". In many models of Tan (3-12kW) already built into the design. Water, preheated by a pump, they are easily adjusted to the desired temperature. The problem is different: where to find these additional kilowatts of electricity. If a monovalent system is applied, then all needs only TN (or Cascade TN). But water in the DHW system will have to be supplied at temperatures up to 45 ° C (and in large volume) so as not to create a "sanatorium" for bacteria.

Most often, the bivalent system is used for economic considerations. The share of the second heat source in annual energy consumption is 10-15%, and in general the project is reduced. "Assistant" is chosen based on the most affordable type of fuel. It can be a small gas, diesel, electric or even a wood boiler.

Nevertheless, to work in monovalent mode, the market offers a ruler of TN power up to 100kW.

If it is impossible to get the desired electrical power from the municipal network, you can mount the solar photopanel on the roof. Together with TN, it will provide year-round heating of the house of the economy of the use of TN makes sense to talk in more detail. It is not so stunning, as it seems when reading advertising booklets. Indeed, about 70% of the heat TN offers a gift, although not without "but". First, with the obvious benefit of the offer, equipment suppliers charge their rent. Aih appetite laws of cost are clearly not regulated (compare the structural complexity of the engine of the car and the pump at an equal price). Secondly, the cost of arranging the primary heat collection loop is 70-150% of the cost of equipment. Thirdly, local prices for electricity and sources of alternative heat are strongly affected. Savings from TN arises due to reduced energy expenditures, depreciation (service life of equipment - 30 years, primary contour - 50 years) and service. There will be 20-40.5 thousand rubles to all-industrial investments in TN. For 1 cabin power and with respect to diesel boilers pay off after 3-7 years. According to the MZT specialists, it is not less profitable to apply TN than gas heating. Calculations have shown that the pump after 18-20 years begins to even benefit. No other competing equipment is capable of this, it is simply physically fails for such a period.

Parameters of ground collectors from pipes re, m

Firm	Pitch pipe	Tranche depth	Length contour
Viessmann.	0,7	1.5	100
Thermia.	2.	one	400.
Geothermix.	one	1,8.	150.
"Heat and service"	0,6	1-1,2	200.
"KOPCA"	0.5	2.	200.

Heating meters

We have the most common source of low-temperature heat is the soil. It is taken from it heat taken by the soil heat collectors of two types: a) horizontal soil collectors; b) vertical geothermal probes. There is a non-freezing heat carrier, which, heating from the soil, carries the heat to the evaporator TN using the circulation pump. Studies conducted by Insolar-Invest showed that a fairly effective heat supply can be carried out almost throughout Russia. What type of heatborne is preferable for a particular site, solves a specialist.

Opinion of a specialist

Experience shows that the most acceptable design of the heat supply system is obtained by the use of polyethylene pipes PND6 with a diameter of 32mm filled with propylene glycol (30%). So, for the house of 100m2, we recommend the pipe with a total length of 300-400m. Two segments of 200m are enough. To lay each branch, trench up to 50m long, 0.8m width and 2m depth. At its bottom, the cauldron is supplied from clay (5cm). Then near the wall of the trench in the literal and reverse directions, they lay a pipe filled with water under pressure 4ATM. It is covered with a layer of clay with a thickness of 10 cm, which is trambed and spilled by water. Then the soil is placed with a thickness of 20-30 cm, and on top, in the clay "pie", the remaining part of the pipe. Its ends are set into the room with such a calculation so that there is not a single elongation junction outside. Similarly laid the second branch. At the same time, the distance between the trenches is at least 10m. The circulation pump is cut intokulation, which is coordinated with the circuit parameters and TN (in the design of our TN "Circulation" is consciously not included).

Ilya Moskalenko, General Director of the company "Corsa"

Ground collectors. They collect heat accumulated in the upper soil layers (depth - 5-20m) as a result of solar radiation (direct heating, precipitation, heat air). The radiation radiation of the Earth, which comes from the depths, does not exceed 0.12W / m2 and the weather does not.

The field is laid soil flat collector consisting of six loops. Each of them has an observation well in the location of the distribution

It depends on the composition and structure of the soil. The best results are achieved if there is a lot of water, solid mineral components of the type of quartz and little air pores. The power of the heat grinding is 10-40W / m2 (with a step of 0.5-0.7 m pipe placement). The heat removal is accompanied by the cooled area around the collector pipes up to their freezing. Frosts outside this danger exacerbation. With an intensive heat cell to achieve a balance of heat assigned from the collector to the pump and received from the adjacent arrays of the Earth, it is not possible due to the low thermal conductivity of the soil. The stable process of "tower" heat arises, according to Innsolar-Invest, only for the fifth year of equipment operation. At the same time, the heat capacity of the pump decreases. Installations in which the TN in the summer sends excess heat to the house back to the collector and further into the ground to the ground Storage, is, but we are almost not used.

For the efficient operation of the system, specialists, based on the features of the soil on the site, offer a variety of manifold designs. Of the two main groups of flat and spiral-shaped, we still have the first. Pipes are placed in trenches, having them on the plane in the form of a snake, loop, spirals. After checking the tightness of the trench system, the earth falls asleep. The depth of the pipe is deployed, the step of their placement and layout diagram is the know-how firms. The area of ​​the site required to bookmark the heat collection is 2-3 times the heated area of ​​the house. Use this territory only under the lawn or flower garden.

When the collector is located at a large distance from the house, they are connected to the pipes with a diameter to 140mm together to reduce the hydraulic resistance of heatbornels are performed from the PND pipes with a diameter of 25-40 mm, calculated for pressure 6-10bar. Galvanism is unacceptable. The total length of the pipe is broken into 100-200m. They are placed by individual loops (contours) and are connected to two distribution collectors, feeding and reverse. The contours are performed only from a whole piece of pipe, without compounds under the layer of land. It is important that they have the same hydroxistance, otherwise less "clamped" can freeze. After all, antifreeze will flow over it more and heat selection will become more intense.

Distributors can be located both near the house (in a concrete pit) and in the building itself. It is necessary to provide access to compounds and thermal insulation of pipes at the site of input to the house and on the segment is not shorter than 3m in front of the house. The capabilities of the coolant in the contours are used by a 30% solution of propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, or recreation solutions.

Opinion of a specialist

Practice shows that in northern latitudes, thermal pumps are capable not only to provide a comfortable microclimate in the house, but also maintain the average annual temperature potential of the soil at one level. Good results are given schemes using an IVT-compact manifold in the primary circuit and the GreenLine (IVT) heat pump pair with the VBX-IVT unit. The IVT collector is collected from modules in the form of a grid of pipes of re m40 (the width of the module - 1.5 m, height-2m). The branch of the collector is more likely to be in a trench with a width of 0.5m and a depth of 3m vertically and are connected to the house along the usual scheme. The building is equipped with a system of forced ventilation. The built-in VBX recovery unit is connected to the evaporator TN, carrying the heat of exhaust air to it, and to the condenser, heating fresh air. With warm weather, the excess heat take the collector and soil coolant. Vitoga: a) the earth around the collector does not freeze and the performance of TT increases; b) the house creates a favorable microclimate; c) the ability to shorten the contour of the heat supply will appear (as part of the heat supplies air), which allows you to reduce earthwork.

Oleg Prokhorov, Technical Director of the Teploservice

Geothermal probes. They remove heat from large depths, where the soil temperature is more stable (about 10 ° C). The probe is lowered in a well with a diameter of 110-150mm and depth to 100-150m. Each meter of its length allows you to remove depending on the properties of the soil 30- 100W thermal power.

The base of the U-shaped geothermal probe with an eye-eyed eye ("Solar equipment") is the main advantage of the probes, a small installation area. Failure to highlights of drill works (up to 1 thousand rubles. For 1Pog).

Two types of vertical reservoil designs are common: pipe in the pipe and U-shaped tube. For the case, the plastic tube (diameter 32-50 mm) passes along the axis of the steel pipe (with a diameter of 100-120mm), which is welded below and is equipped with an connecting flange at the top. Such a design successfully resists grounds of soil and provides good heat transfer, but is complex in assembly. After all, the segments of the steel pipe have to weld not only very reliably (God forbid antifreeze!), But quickly, so that the walls of the well do not have time to crumble.

The probe pipes are connected to a metal base, filled with water and pressed under pressure 6 atm to check the tightness in the second design of plastic pipes (re) with a diameter of 25-40 mm are hermetically connected at the bottom, forming a long U-shaped channel filled with antifreeze. Such loops are most often used in pairs, but in the probe there may be more. Pipes are pressed with liquid and in the filled form are lowered into the well. After that, the space around the probe is filled with a drilling solution or a concrete-cement mixture (to protect pipes from mechanical damage and better heat transfer). If the well goes through the aquifers, it is necessary to obtain permission from the authorities. These hassle can be avoided if the depth of wells to decrease to 20-40m, and their quantity is to increase, having no closer than 5m from each other. Upstairs pipes on the trench are summarized.

All heatborns supply expansion tank, air vent and valves to fill with antifreeze. The main condition for the agreed operation of the intert of the intert with the thermal pump is to ensure such a flow of the coolant, which is specified in the TN passport.

Sun, air and water

A lot of solar energy is stored in air and water. TN, taking heat from the air, are quite effective in southern regions. Actual strip their application is limited. The fact is that in winter they can only work in the composition of bivalent systems and at a temperature not lower than 0 ...- 5C. With stronger frosts, their power decreases sharply. Yes, the fan is ignifiers, and it falls, stopping the pump, find out Found.

The water-wide TN brand EN-070 (FHP) as part of a climate installation of the house provides it with hot water and heats up / cools the air water-more attractive type of int than air. Twins more stable heat. There are two schemes for working with it. According to the first, the water is pumped from a full-flowered well and, swing heat, discharge into another well. For private houses, such a technology is unsuitable: the desired aquifer is not expensive everywhere, it is expensive, and the permission for drilling is not easy. Avota The second is the use of heat without freezing to the bottom of the rivers, lakes or swamp is more promising. I threw my "nem" in the river (a loop or a few of the same pipe re), it was adjusted at the bottom of the cargo and collect free kilowatts. Although moving your finger and brains here will also have to. Water is likely to be filtered, otherwise the sand will quickly turn the evaporator into a sieve. It is even more intelligible between the TN and the heat exchange rate of the intermediate heat exchanger, it will take on the whole "dirty" work. At the same time, the installation power will slight slightly, but reliability will increase. Next, it will be necessary to ensure the thermal insulation of pipes coming from the contour to the house. Inconale, TN should belong to the variety "Water-Water".

Opinion of a specialist

Create a comfortable microclimate in the house using traditional heating methods, as well as cooling split-systems and supply-exhaust ventilation, difficult and uneconomical. After all, these local systems work against each other. Good results can be achieved on the basis of two water-air pumps, connected via the ring pattern and the heat of the earth are powered through geothermal probes. One works on heating, the other is cooling room air. Therefore, in each room you can maintain its temperature. If you also install a coercive ventilation system with heat recuperator, then the ring circuit will help heat or cool fresh air using the exhaust air energy for this. This level of comfort is able to ensure except multizone split systems VRV or four-pipe systems "chiller-funkyl" in combination with forced ventilation. But because of bulkness, high costs, problems with automation they do not go any comparison with the ring circuit. Thus, compared with the technology "Chiller-Funkyl", flacked TN reduce capital investments by 30%, the cost of operation is 70%, the required area - by 80%. Ito with higher reliability and sustainability at low temperatures.

Felix Mushegyan, leading specialist MZT

Overbate Europe?

A receiving camshaft welded from polypropylene pipes can stand in the house the heating system, powered by TN, is built according to specific schemes. This is due to the reduced water heating temperature (up to 60c) on the condenser and limited (under the condition of the strength of the nodes) by the pressure of the condensation of the chladone vapor. Heating is calculated as low-temperature. The radiators at the same time have to be installed not sectional, but steel panels, moreover than the increased area. The temperature drop (T) at the inlet and outlet of the radiators is taken in the range of 4-7c; In our systems T = 20 (10) p. It turns out, so more profitable for radiators, and for TN. The average temperature of the water in the radiator rises, the heat transfer is enhanced. If you cool the very hot capacitor with a warm water from the "return", the standard mode of operation of the unit is broken and the power drops. That this does not happen, it is necessary to increase the rate of circulation of water in the heating circuit. Consumption in it compared to classical systems is doubled. So, you need to select the appropriate equipment: Circulation pump, pipes, fittings. In addition, problems arise due to different control concepts of the power-out-out of TN and the heating consumed. After all, cooling water on the condenser (from the "return") must be supplied abundantly, continuously, with a constant temperature. AU Heating Your Care: The temperature in the rooms must be constantly adjustable. The paths for this are two: change either water consumption (for example, thermostat on radiators), or its input temperature (using mixing nodes). Both create unacceptable conditions for TN: or there is little reverse water, or it is very cold. Therefore, at the requests of the "more / smaller heat" system, the heat pump is replied monotonous: "Enabled / turned off." But the number of inclusions in 1 h is limited (sometimes up to 3 times) due to compressor overload.

The plate heat exchanger at the entrance in TN does not pass into it pollution of the soil water These contradictions are allowed when improving TN structures and heating systems. Thus, compressors appeared, allowing up to 60 inclusions in 1C or smoothly changing their power (inverter) in the air-water type models. Another direction is associated with an increase in the heat accumulating ability of the heating system and building. After all, the larger the stock of heat, the longer they cooled and the pump turns on. The most common (but not the cheapest) method of implementing this idea is to install in the network of the heat accumulating tank, from which the heating circuit is powered and the DHW circuit. TN heats water in it at night using a cheap electricity tariff, and only occasionally turns on during the day. This tank helps to cover the peak demand for hot water. The scheme is very attractive for owners of wooden houses or buildings with a skeleton mansard floor.

Another idea is to create a hydraulic junction of water flow through TN and the heating system. The easiest way can this be done, placing parallel to the last riser of the heating system bypass line, but only for the riser. Then everything that will not leak through the radiators (if you "clung" on them thermostats) will pass through this bypass, and the heat pump will receive the desired flow of cooling water. The scheme is suitable (although not very economical), when only one heating circuit in the house, otherwise it will be difficult to hydraulically balance out the contours. More versatile other way. Reconnects with it The heating system with a separate circulating pump is connected to a TN through a thermohydraulic distributor or a buffer drive (with a volume of more than 300 liters, it works as a heat battery referred to before). Then also heating contours (floor, swimming pool, warm floors, winter garden IT.D.) You can do a lot, and regulate them in them independently, and TN will work stable.

The choice of the final decision remains for a specialist, but he will discuss him with you. We hope that our article will help prepare for such a conversation.

Scheme of passive cooling of the house on the basis of TN and Fan Coils: A- Fan Coil; B- temperature sensor; B-circulating pump; M-bypass line; d-three-way valve; e-tnet; j-tap line; z-soil collector.
Connection Schemes TN: A- with bypass; B- with buffer storage 1- contour int; 2, 4, 7, 9- circulation pumps; 3 tn; 5- heating system; 6- bypass line; 8- buffer drive; 10- boiler; 11- TEN.
Energy conversion scheme in TN: A- Heat contour int; B- Energy of chladone vapors; electrical energy for the compressor; G-thermal energy at the output of TN; 1- evaporator; 2- compressor; 3- condenser; 4- throttle.
Air TN operation circuit in cooling mode: A- evaporator; bollarding valve; Reverse crane; g-condenser; D- compressor; Entra from int.

The editors thanks the company "Teploservis", "Termothem-M", "Insolar-Invest", "Corsa", "Soz Technique", GEOTECH-K, "TN-Service" for help in the preparation of material.